Academic literature on the topic 'Tropical fruits'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tropical fruits"
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Prance, Ghillean T., and J. A. Samson. "Tropical Fruits." Brittonia 39, no. 2 (April 1987): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807398.
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Crane, Jonathan H. "Tropical Fruits." HortTechnology 9, no. 3 (January 1999): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.3.512.
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Newmark, Peter. "Tropical fruits." Nature 329, no. 6140 (October 1987): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329572c0.
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Nasution, Fitriana, and Sri Hadiati. "The Diverse Collection of Exotic Tropical Fruits in The Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI)." Journal of Tropical Horticulture 3, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33089/jthort.v3i2.54.
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Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) known as an institute collecting exotic tropical fruits in Indonesia. The present study was carried to evaluate the characters of five exotic fruits in the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI), Solok, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The experiment used field observation. The characters considered were leaf character (leaf shape, leaf margin, leaf tip, leaf base, the color of upper leaf, color of under leaf, leaf surface, leaf length, leaf width), and fruit character (fruit shape, fruit peel texture, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, the color of mature peel, the color of mature flesh, taste, fruit weight, seed weight, seed number). Data were analyzed descriptively using tables. The five exotic fruits' morphological characteristics have demonstrated that every species of fruit has specific characteristics. These fruits have the potential to be raw materials for the pharmacy industry.
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Mitra, Sisir. "Tropical and Subtropical Fruits in India." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 1, no. 1 (June 24, 2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.1.1.1-2.
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India is the second largest producer of fruits in the world with an annual production of 81.2 million tonnes contributing 12.6% of world fruit production next only to China (21.2%). Of late, with growing population and realization of commercial and nutritional values, the demand and requirement for fruits has increased manifold globally and so is in India. Since then, India has managed a steady growth in area expansion and production of fruits. Even in 2012-2013, increase in area and production of fruits in India was 4.1 and 6.4 times over 2011-2012 Of these, tropical and subtropical fruits contribute a major share, and the important fruits are mango, banana, papaya, citrus, guava, pineapple, litchi, sapota and pomegranate. Among the minor fruits (less area in cultivation than the major fruits) are jackfruit, bael, aonla, carambola, syzygiums, passion fruit and tamarind are also growing in many states of India.
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Ningrum, Andriati, and Matthias Schreiner. "Review: Extensive Potentiality of Selected Tropical Fruits from Indonesia." Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ifnp.28427.
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Indonesia has several biodiversities including tropical fruits. The consumption of tropical fruits is increasing as this source can be used as a healthy source of several bioactive compounds to prevent severalnon-communicable diseases. Tropical fruits are commonly used for the production of several food products e.g. juice, jams, jellies, cookies and other products. The utilization of by product of tropical fruits have not been developed and promoted. Although, several bioactive compounds are still present in tropical fruits by product. This concept called as avalorization of by product to increase the economical value of several by product. The purpose of this review isto promote several selected Indonesian tropical fruit and also to promote the potency of a by-product of tropical fruits in valorization concept.
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Striegel, Lisa, Nadine Weber, Caroline Dumler, Soraya Chebib, Michael E. Netzel, Yasmina Sultanbawa, and Michael Rychlik. "Promising Tropical Fruits High in Folates." Foods 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8090363.
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As the popularity of tropical fruits has been increasing consistently during the last few decades, nutritional and health-related data about these fruits have been gaining more and more interest. Therefore, we analyzed 35 samples of tropical fruits and vegetables with respect to folate content and vitamer distribution in this study. The fruits and vegetables were selected by their availability in German supermarkets and were grouped according to their plant family. All fruits and vegetables were lyophilized and analyzed by stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results vary from 7.82 ± 0.17 µg/100 g in the horned melon to 271 ± 3.64 µg/100 g in the yellow passion fruit. The yellow passion fruit is a good source for meeting the recommended requirements, as just 110 g are needed to cover the recommended daily intake of 300 µg folate for adults; however, longan fruits, okras, pete beans, papayas, mangos, jack fruits, and feijoas are also good sources of folates. In conclusion, the study gives a good overview of the total folate content in a broad range of tropical fruits and vegetables and shows that some of these fruits definitely have the potential to improve the supply of this critical vitamin.
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MURCIA, M. ANTONIA, ANTONIA M. JIMÉNEZ, and MAGDALENA MARTÍNEZ-TOMÉ. "Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Mediterranean and Tropical Fruits Compared with Common Food Additives." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 2037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.12.2037.
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Several Mediterranean and tropical fruits have been analyzed in order to assess their antioxidant activity compared with that of common food additives (butylated hydroxyanisole [BHA], butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT] and propyl gallate). Among Mediterranean fruits, red grape and plum were more effective (P < 0.05) scavengers of peroxyl radicals than BHA, BHT, and propyl gallate. Of the tropical fruits, banana was the most effective scavenger of peroxyl radicals. Mediterranean and tropical fruits showed very good scavenger activity against hydroxy radicals (OH), protecting deoxyribose better than BHA and BHT. The HOCl scavenging ability of Mediterranean fruits tested was, in decreasing order, lemon > plum > apricot > white grape > melon > red grape > mandarin > watermelon > peach > medlar > apple > orange > cherry > strawberry. However, the four varieties of pear were poor scavengers (P < 0.05). Among tropical fruits, the order of efficiency as HOCl scavengers was passion fruit > lime > passiflora > kumquat > avocado > pineapple > physalis > papaya fruit > carambola > mango > banana. All Mediterranean fruits showed an effect on hydrogen peroxide except peach. Tropical fruits also had a strong effect on hydrogen peroxide except avocado, which had no effect. The effect of Mediterranean and tropical fruits on the protection factor of refined olive oil, analyzed by the Rancimat method and compared with common food additives, was clear. Watermelon conferred a significantly (P < 0.05) greater protection than the other Mediterranean fruits. Among tropical fruits, physalis had the most stabilizing effect.
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Galetti, Mauro, Marco Aurélio Pizo, and Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira Morellato. "Diversity of functional traits of fleshy fruits in a species-rich Atlantic rain forest." Biota Neotropica 11, no. 1 (March 2011): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000100019.
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Production of vertebrate-dispersed fruits is the most common strategy of tropical woody plants to disperse their seeds. Few studies have documented community-wide variation of fruit morphology and chemistry of vertebrate-dispersed fruits in species-rich tropical communities. We examined the functional diversity of fruit morphological and chemical traits of 186 species representing 57 plant families in an undisturbed lowland plant community in the Atlantic rain forest of SE, Brazil. We were particularly interested in associating morphological and chemical fruit traits to their main seed dispersers, either birds, mammals or 'mixed' (i.e. fruits eaten by birds and mammals). The morphological and chemical traits of fruits at the study site generally resemble the patterns observed in fruits worldwide. Bird fruits tend to be smaller than mammal fruits, being colored black or red, whereas mammal fruits are often yellow or green. Mammal fruits are more variable than bird fruits in relation to morphological traits, while the reverse is true for chemical traits. Mixed fruits resemble bird fruits in the patterns of variation of morphological and chemical traits, suggesting that they are primarily bird-dispersed fruits that are also exploited by mammals. Mixed fruits are common in tropical forests, and represent an excellent opportunity to contrast the effectiveness of different functional groups of frugivores dispersing the same plant species.
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Anupunt, P., S. Somsri, S. Chaikiattiyos, and U. Kumscha. "NATIVE TROPICAL ASIAN FRUITS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 620 (December 2003): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.620.15.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Tropical fruits"
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Pereira, Mauro Junio de Vasconcelos [UNESP]. "Contribuição ao estudo de polifenoloxidase e ascorbato oxidase de polpa de Passiflora edulis (maracujá-amarelo) visando o processamento industrial de suco." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88019.
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000694384.pdf: 1299397 bytes, checksum: 54fd5c91a95c51e0a4f0b764e1fe138e (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O maracujá amarelo (Passilflora edulis) pode ser consumido ao natural ou industrializado, e seu suco destaca-se entre os produzidos de frutas tropicais, tendo excelente aceitação, representando uma boa porcentagem dos sucos exportados, onde o Brasil é um dos principais exportadores. Uma das características importantes do suco é a cor, constituindo uns dos índices de qualidade no mercado de sucos, podendo ocorrer alteração da cor durante o processamento e armazenamento, o que pode implicar em não aceitação por parte do consumidor final. Isso pode ocorrer principalmente devido a reações bioquímicas de escurecimento e a alterações bioquímicas moleculares que resultam em flavors indesejáveis, perda de nutrientes, e formação de pigmentos de coloração marrom. Então o controle do escurecimento durante o armazenamento e processamento de frutos é muito importante para a preservação da aparência natural dos mesmos. Deste modo as enzimas polifenoloxidase (EC: 1.10.3.1; PPO) e a ascorbato oxidase (EC: 1.10.3.3; AO) podem ser responsáveis pelo escurecimento enzimático que fornece alteração de cor. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a PPO, a AO e sua influência no processo de escurecimento da fruta maracujá. Os resultados principais desse estudo foi que o pH ótimo de ensaio da PPO foi de 6,0 e da AO de 5,0, e suas temperaturas ótimas de 50°C (PPO) e 45°C (AO). Nos estudos de inativação térmica a PPO e a Ao apresentaram valores de D a 95°C de 5,11 min e de 1,94 min, respectivamente. As enzimas apresentaram inibição a cisteína 833 mmol/L, metabissulfito de sódio 33,5 mmol/L; EDTA 12,5 mmol/L; sacarose 200 mmol/L; ácido cítrico 250 mmol/L e ácido ascórbico 200 mmol/L. As constantes cinéticas dessas...
The yellow passion fruit (Passilflora edulis) can be consumed fresh or processed, and its juice stands out among those produced tropical fruit, with excellent reception, representing a large percentage of juice exported, where Brazil is one of the leading exporters. An important feature is the color of the juice, making each of the indices of quality in the juice market, change in color may occur during processing and storage, which may not imply acceptance by the consumer. This can occur mainly due to biochemical reactions dimming molecular and biochemical changes that result in undesirable flavors, loss of nutrients, and formation of brown pigments. Then the control browning during storage and processing of fruits is very important to preserve the natural look of them. Thus the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (EC: 1.10.3.1, PPO) and ascorbate oxidase (EC: 1.10.3.3; AO) may be responsible for enzymatic browning that provides color change. The objective of this paper is to study the PPO , AO and its influence in the process of darkening of the passion fruit. The main results of this study was to test the optimum pH of PPO was 6.0 and 5.0 AO, and their optimum temperatures of 50°C (PPO) and 45°C (AO). In studies of thermal inactivation and PPO and AO had values of D at 95°C for 5.11 min and 1.94 min, respectively. The enzymes were inhited cysteine 833 mmol/L; sodium metabisulfite 33,5 mmol/L; EDTA 12,5 mmol/L; sucrose 200 mmol/L; citric acid 250 mmol/L; ascorbic acid 200 mmol/L. The kinetic constants of these enzymes were kM... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Araújo, Rychardson Rocha de. "Fenologia e morfologia de plantas e biometria de frutos e sementes de muricizeiro (Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) Rich.) do tabuleiro costeiro de Alagoas." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2009. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/127.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-18Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Muricy (Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) Rich.) is distinguished as a tropical fruit species of ample distribution in the Cerrados and coastal plains of Brazil. Even though its botanical importance and economic potential, very few studies have been carried out with this species that lacks knowledge in relation to its physiological and phenological behavior. The objective of this work was to study the phenology and morphology of plants, fruits and seeds of twenty native adult plants in a natural coastal plain area of the state of Alagoas. All selected plants had presented a clear synchronism in all studied phenophases. The leaves abscission of the plants occurred all throughout the studied period, but it was more intense in the driest months of the year (September to November) and was always followed by the sprouting of new leaf buds and flowers. On the other hand, the fruit production was concentrated mainly between December and February. Reproductive phenophases in the plants showed to be dependent on the environment where they grew, since the same species studied in other regions presented different reproductive periods. The correlation between the main morphometric indices of the plants canopy (total height of the plant, diameter, length and ratio of canopy) indicated that they were positively correlated with the diameter of the stem at the ground level. The total height was only positively correlated with the diameter and length of the canopy. The biometric analyses showed that the mean weight of the fresh fruits was of 1.21 g, the longitudinal diameter and the transversal line of the fruits were, respectively, 8,5 millimeters and 7,4 millimeters, and the mean proportion of the pulp was of 63%. The mean fresh mass of the fruits was proportional to the amount of pulp (r = 0.605; P < 0.05), indicating an interesting potential for future works of plant improvement in this species.
O murici (Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) Rich.) destaca-se como uma espécie frutífera de ampla distribuição nos cerrados e tabuleiros costeiros brasileiro. Apesar de sua importância botânica e de seu potencial econômico, essa espécie tem sido pouco estudada, principalmente, em relação ao seu comportamento fisiológico e fenológico diante das variações no ambiente físico em que se desenvolve. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a fenologia e caracterizar morfologicamente as plantas, frutos e sementes de vinte plantas adultas nativas de uma área natural de tabuleiro costeiro localizada na zona rural do litoral norte do estado de Alagoas. As vinte plantas selecionadas apresentaram claro sincronismo em todas as fenofases estudadas. A abscisão das folhas das plantas ocorreu ao longo de todo o período estudado, mas foi mais intensa nos meses mais secos (setembro a novembro) e foi sempre acompanhada da brotação de novas gemas e flores. Por outro lado, a frutificação concentrou-se principalmente entre os meses de dezembro a fevereiro. As fenofases reprodutivas foram dependentes do ambiente onde se desenvolveram, visto que a mesma espécie estudada em outras regiões apresentou períodos reprodutivos diferentes. A correlação dos principais índices morfométricos da copa indicaram que existem correlações positivas do diâmetro do caule ao nível do solo com os índices altura total, diâmetro, comprimento e proporção de copa. Para a altura total foram encontradas correlações somente com diâmetro de copa e comprimento de copa. As análises biométricas mostraram que o peso médio dos frutos frescos foi de 1.21 g, o diâmetro longitudinal e o transversal das frutas foram, respectivamente, 8.5 milímetros e 7.4 milímetros, e o rendimento médio da polpa foi de 63%. A massa fresca média dos frutos foi proporcional à quantidade de polpa (r = 0.605; P < 0.05), indicando um potencial interessante para futuros trabalhos de seleção de árvores de elite com vistas ao melhoramento genético da espécie.
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Sabino, Luiz Bruno de Sousa. "Chemical characterization and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of polysaccharides fractions extracted from agroindustrial by-products of tropical fruits." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17013.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a estrutura quÃmica e investigar a atividade antioxidante in vitro e in vivo de fraÃÃes polissacarÃdicas extraÃdas dos subprodutos do processamento da acerola, abacaxi, caju, manga e maracujÃ. Utilizando a extraÃÃo aquosa exaustiva, um maior rendimento em massa foi obtido para a fraÃÃo extraÃda do subproduto da manga (20%) que foi superior ao apresentado pela aquela proveniente do abacaxi e acerola em 96 e 87%, respectivamente. Os espectros de infravermelho apontaram atribuiÃÃes de grupos quÃmicos tÃpicos de polissacarÃdeos, tais como OH (3000 - 3500 cm-1), CO (1034 cm-1), C-O-C (1150 cm-1) e C1-H (1079, 929 e 858 cm-1). Sinais de 13C-RMN em δ 100 e 170,6, presentes em todos os materiais, indicaram a presenÃa de Ãcido galacturÃnico e urÃnico, respectivamente, evidenciando a natureza pÃctica dos mesmos. Maior massa molar foi atribuÃda para a fraÃÃo obtida do subproduto da manga (1,54 x 10 6 g/mol) seguido do maracujà (3,69 x 10 5 g/mol), acerola, abacaxi e caju (~10 4 g/mol). O conteÃdo de proteÃnas variou de 0,25 (abacaxi) a 0,68% (caju) concordando com o evidenciado pelo espectro de infravermelho que à 1242 cm-1 para estas molÃculas. Maior atividade antioxidante total e menor IC50 foi verificada para a fraÃÃo polissacarÃdica proveniente do caju (147  4,1 μ Trolox/g e 0,03 mg/mL, respectivamente). As fraÃÃes obtidas da acerola, abacaxi, maracujà (IC50 = 0,05 mg/mL) e manga (IC50 = 0,33 mg/mL) tambÃm apresentaram baixo IC50 indicando a eficiÃncia desses materiais na eliminaÃÃo dos radicais de ABTSâ+ em baixas concentraÃÃes. O ensaio com o MTT indicou a nÃo toxicidade das fraÃÃes polimÃricas estudadas mesmo quando avaliados em concentraÃÃes de 100%. A atividade antioxidante in vivo demonstrou que os materiais provenientes da acerola, abacaxi e caju foram eficientes (p < 0,05) na manutenÃÃo dos nÃveis de GSH e reduÃÃo de MDA na mucosa gÃstrica de ratos estressados com etanol 50%. As fraÃÃes polissacarÃdicas da manga e maracujà apresentaram os resultados menos satisfatÃrios nos dois testes antioxidantes, o que pode ser atribuÃdo a sua elevada massa molar e viscosidade. Em conjunto, os resultados apresentados na presente pesquisa apontaram que as fraÃÃes polissacarÃdicas extraÃdas dos subprodutos estudados apresentaram natureza pÃctica em associaÃÃo com proteÃnas, sendo evidenciada principalmente para aquelas extraÃdas da acerola, abacaxi e caju, efetiva aÃÃo antioxidante in vitro e in vivo, sugerindo sua possÃvel aplicaÃÃo como antioxidantes naturais.
The aim of this work was to characterize the chemical structure and investigate the antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharide fractions extracted from by-products of acerola, pineapple, cashew, mango and passion fruit processing. Using the exhaustive aqueous extraction, a greater mass yield was obtained for the polysaccharide fraction extracted of the mango by-product (20%) which was higher than that from the pineapple and acerola at 96 and 87%, respectively. The infrared spectra showed typical assignment of polysaccharides chemical groups such as OH (3000 - 3500 cm -1),CO (1034 cm-1), C-O-C (1150 cm-1) and H-C1 (1079, 929 and 858 cm-1). 13C-NMR signals at δ 170.6 and 100, present in all material, indicated the presence of uronic and galacturonic acid, respectively, showing the nature of such pectin. High molecular weight was assigned to the fraction obtained of mango by-product (1.54 x 10 6 g/mol) followed by passion fruit (3.69 x 10 5g / mol) and acerola, pineapple and cashew (~10 4g/ mol). The protein content ranged from 0.25 (pineapple) to 0.68% (cashew), agreeing with the evidenced by the infrared spectrum which is 1242 cm-1 for these molecules. Major total antioxidant activity and minor IC 50 were observed for the polysaccharide fraction of cashew (147 Â 4.1 μM Trolox/g and 0.03 mg/mL,respectively). The fractions obtained from acerola, pineapple, passion fruit (IC50 = 0,05 mg/mL) and mango (IC50= 0.33 mg/mL) also had low IC50, indicating the efficiency of these materials in the elimination of ABTSâ+ radical in low concentrations. The MTT assay indicated that no toxicity of the polymeric fractions studied even when evaluated at concentrations of 100%. The total antioxidant activity in vivo showed that materials prevenient of acerola, pineapple and cashew were efficient (p <0.05) in maintaining the levels of GSH and MDA reduction in gastric tissue of rats stressed with ethanol 50%. The polysaccharides fractions of mango and passion fruit exhibited less satisfactory results in both antioxidants tests, which may be assigned to its high molecular weight and viscosity. Together, the results presented in this study, showed that the polysaccharide fractions extracted from byproducts studied had pectic nature in association with proteins, which highlighted, especially for those taken from the cherry, pineapple and cashew, effective antioxidant action in vitro and in vivo, suggesting their possible application as natural antioxidants.
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Pereira, Mauro Junio de Vasconcelos. "Contribuição ao estudo de polifenoloxidase e ascorbato oxidase de polpa de Passiflora edulis (maracujá-amarelo) visando o processamento industrial de suco /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88019.
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Orientador: Olga Maria Mascarenhas Faria de OliveiraCoorientador: Kátia Maria da Silva Cerqueira Leite
Banca: Rubens Monti
Banca: Hamilton Cabral
Resumo: O maracujá amarelo (Passilflora edulis) pode ser consumido ao natural ou industrializado, e seu suco destaca-se entre os produzidos de frutas tropicais, tendo excelente aceitação, representando uma boa porcentagem dos sucos exportados, onde o Brasil é um dos principais exportadores. Uma das características importantes do suco é a cor, constituindo uns dos índices de qualidade no mercado de sucos, podendo ocorrer alteração da cor durante o processamento e armazenamento, o que pode implicar em não aceitação por parte do consumidor final. Isso pode ocorrer principalmente devido a reações bioquímicas de escurecimento e a alterações bioquímicas moleculares que resultam em flavors indesejáveis, perda de nutrientes, e formação de pigmentos de coloração marrom. Então o controle do escurecimento durante o armazenamento e processamento de frutos é muito importante para a preservação da aparência natural dos mesmos. Deste modo as enzimas polifenoloxidase (EC: 1.10.3.1; PPO) e a ascorbato oxidase (EC: 1.10.3.3; AO) podem ser responsáveis pelo escurecimento enzimático que fornece alteração de cor. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a PPO, a AO e sua influência no processo de escurecimento da fruta maracujá. Os resultados principais desse estudo foi que o pH ótimo de ensaio da PPO foi de 6,0 e da AO de 5,0, e suas temperaturas ótimas de 50°C (PPO) e 45°C (AO). Nos estudos de inativação térmica a PPO e a Ao apresentaram valores de D a 95°C de 5,11 min e de 1,94 min, respectivamente. As enzimas apresentaram inibição a cisteína 833 mmol/L, metabissulfito de sódio 33,5 mmol/L; EDTA 12,5 mmol/L; sacarose 200 mmol/L; ácido cítrico 250 mmol/L e ácido ascórbico 200 mmol/L. As constantes cinéticas dessas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The yellow passion fruit (Passilflora edulis) can be consumed fresh or processed, and its juice stands out among those produced tropical fruit, with excellent reception, representing a large percentage of juice exported, where Brazil is one of the leading exporters. An important feature is the color of the juice, making each of the indices of quality in the juice market, change in color may occur during processing and storage, which may not imply acceptance by the consumer. This can occur mainly due to biochemical reactions dimming molecular and biochemical changes that result in undesirable flavors, loss of nutrients, and formation of brown pigments. Then the control browning during storage and processing of fruits is very important to preserve the natural look of them. Thus the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (EC: 1.10.3.1, PPO) and ascorbate oxidase (EC: 1.10.3.3; AO) may be responsible for enzymatic browning that provides color change. The objective of this paper is to study the PPO, AO and its influence in the process of darkening of the passion fruit. The main results of this study was to test the optimum pH of PPO was 6.0 and 5.0 AO, and their optimum temperatures of 50°C (PPO) and 45°C (AO). In studies of thermal inactivation and PPO and AO had values of D at 95°C for 5.11 min and 1.94 min, respectively. The enzymes were inhited cysteine 833 mmol/L; sodium metabisulfite 33,5 mmol/L; EDTA 12,5 mmol/L; sucrose 200 mmol/L; citric acid 250 mmol/L; ascorbic acid 200 mmol/L. The kinetic constants of these enzymes were kM... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Shahari, Nor Azni. "Mathematical modelling of drying food products : application to tropical fruits." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12485/.
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Drying is an old traditional method of removing liquid from inside material, suchas wood, food, paper, ceramics, building materials, textiles, granular products, pharmaceutical and electronic devices. The kinetics of this liquid removal depends on the material properties of the solid phase as well as on cellular structure. The aim of this project is to understand the effect of complex interaction of heat, moisture and shrinkage to create a detailed mathematical modelling to quantify the drying of a food product and tropical fruits in particular, which typically have high water content. To this purpose, in first part of the thesis, an initial simple coupled diffusion model with Fickian moisture transfer and Fourier heat transfer by Wang and Brenann [122] has been extended. A one-dimensional model is applied with the effect of shrinkage for a prediction of moisture and temperature distribution during drying. Constant physical and thermal properties are used relevant to tropical fruits. A numerical solution technique, based on the method of lines, is used with local finite difference methods approximation to the drying. The results match well with published food drying simulation studies and the anticipated final state of shrinkage in particular. To obtain a detailed understanding of simultaneous heat and liquid transfer during drying of fruits, the internal structure has to be modelled. In fruit tissue, intercellular space existing within a highly complicated network of gaseous channels can be considered as a porous medium. Guided by this, an extended model of drying, incorporating the heterogeneous properties of the tissues and their cellular structure, is recognized and simplified to represent the physical model. In this model, a distinction is made between the different classes of water present in the material (free water, bound water and water vapour) and the conversion between them. Evaluation is applied to the range of one-dimensional structures of increasing complexity: the first is an isothermal model without consideration of heat effects; the remaining have heat effects but differ in the correlated spatial arrangement of micro and macro pores. All results are given as drying curves and phase distributions during drying.
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Silva, Larissa Morais Ribeiro da. "Bioactive compounds in pulps and byproducts of tropical fruits: quantification, antimicrobial activity and nanoencapsulation." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13081.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoCurrently, there is a demand for natural antimicrobials for use in the food industry. Some tropical fruits have a promising potential , not investigated at the moment. This study aimed to identify and quantify resveratrol, quercetin and coumarin in pulps and byproducts of tropical fruits, develop nanoparticles with extracts that showed higher levels of these compounds and evaluate the antimicrobial activity against Listeria sp. and E. coli K12. The Surinam cherry and mango byproducts, as well as caja, acerola and Surinam cherry pulps showed higher levels of quercetin, representing sources of this substance. Guava and Surinam cherry byproducts showed resveratrol in their content, may be considered as sources of this compound. Similarly, for coumarin, passion fruit, guava and Surinam cherry byproducts, as well as mango pulp, can be considered natural sources. Among the analyzed material, the acerola pulp and passion fruit and guava byproducts were selected for further characterization and nanoencapsulation. Nanoparticles synthesized using co-glycolide (PLGA) 65:35 poly lactide showed higher particle sizes (from 153.37 to 376.70 nm), as compared with the synthesized PLGA 50:50 (136.53 to 369.25 nm). All samples showed low polydispersity index, corresponding to a heterogeneous distribution in the emulsion analyzed for particle size obtained. The nanoparticles synthesized with PLGA 65:35 showed higher encapsulation efficiency, with the exception of the sample containing acerola (best EE % for PLGA 50:50) and for the release analysis, all samples showed similar behavior, providing maximum release compound within 30 minutes, with constant release thereafter during 72 hours analysis. In general, nanoparticles synthesized with PLGA 65:35 had lower minimum inhibitory concentration for E. coli K12 and L. monocytogenes compared with the 50:50 PLGA nanoparticles synthesized. The synthesis of PLGA nanoparticles using extracts of fruits (especially using PLGA 65:35) may have important applications in the food industry to inhibit microorganisms (E. coli K12 and L. monocytogenes). Besides antimicrobial activity, these compounds show various fruits with antioxidant properties, which are responsible for reducing the risk of various diseases.
Atualmente hà uma demanda por antimicrobianos naturais para uso na indÃstria de alimentos e, neste sentido, as frutas tropicais apresentam, um potencial promissor, porÃm ainda pouco investigado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e quantificar resveratrol, quercetina e cumarina em polpas e subprodutos de frutas tropicais, elaborar nanopartÃculas com os extratos que apresentaram maiores teores destes compostos e avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana contra os microrganismos Listeria sp. e E. coli K12. Os subprodutos de pitanga roxa e manga, assim como as polpas de cajÃ, acerola e pitanga roxa apresentaram maiores teores de quercetina, representando fontes desta substÃncia. Subprodutos de goiaba e pitanga apresentaram resveratrol em suas constituiÃÃes, podendo ser considerados fontes deste composto. Para a cumarina, os subprodutos de maracujÃ, goiaba e pitanga, assim como a polpa de manga, podem ser considerados fontes naturais. Entre os materiais analisados, a polpa de acerola e os subprodutos do maracujà e da goiaba foram selecionados para posterior caracterizaÃÃo e nanoencapsulaÃÃo. As nanoparticulas sintetizadas utilizando Ãcido poli lactÃdeo co-glicolÃdeo (PLGA) 65:35 apresentaram maiores tamanhos de partÃcula (153,37 a 376,70 nm), quando comparadas Ãs sintetizadas com PLGA 50:50 (136,53 a 369,25 nm). Todas as amostras apresentaram baixo Ãndice de polidispersidade, correspondendo a heterogÃnea distribuiÃÃo na emulsÃo analisada quanto ao tamanho das partÃculas obtidas. As nanopartÃculas sintetizadas com PLGA 65:35 apresentaram maior eficiÃncia do encapsulamento (%EE), com exceÃÃo da amostra contendo acerola, a qual apresentou melhor EE% para PLGA 50:50. Em relaÃÃo à anÃlise de liberaÃÃo, todas as amostras avaliadas apresentaram comportamento semelhante, obtendo liberaÃÃo mÃxima do composto nos primeiros 30 minutos, apresentando liberaÃÃo constante apÃs esse perÃodo, durante 72 horas de anÃlise. De uma maneira geral, as nanopartÃculas sintetizadas com PLGA 65:35 apresentaram menor concentraÃÃo inibitÃria minima para E. coli K12 e L. monocytogenes quando comparadas Ãs nanopartÃculas sintetizadas com PLGA 50:50. A sÃntese de nanopartÃculas de PLGA utilizando extratos fenÃlicos de frutas, especialmente utilizando PLGA 65:35, pode apresentar importantes aplicaÃÃes, como na indÃstria de alimentos, a conservaÃÃo desses produtos, considerando seu efeito na inibiÃÃo de microrganismos (E. coli K12 e L. monocytogenes). AlÃm do efeito antimicrobiano, essas frutas apresentam diversos compostos com propriedades antioxidantes, que sÃo responsÃveis pela reduÃÃo do risco de diversas doenÃas.
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Gordon, André [Verfasser]. "Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Tropical Fruits from Latin America / André Gordon." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1043055746/34.
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Alahakoon, Pradeepa Wijerathna. "Cross-infection potential of isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides among tropical fruits." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333794.
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Melo, Josà Glauber Moreira. "Analysis molecular and proteomic of Lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with tropical fruits." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13505.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoLasiodiplodia theobromae à um fungo fitopatogÃnico responsÃvel por inÃmeras doenÃas em variadas plantas, sendo um fungo tipicamente de regiÃes tropicais e subtropicais. O fungo atacadiversas plantas tropicais, dentre elas destacam-se a mangueira, as Spondiassp., o coqueiro, o cajueiro, entre tantas outras. Seu controle à basicamente genÃtico realizado com o plantio de clones resistentes, entretanto, para sua obtenÃÃo torna-se necessÃrio o conhecimento das caracterÃsticas do patÃgeno. As informaÃÃes disponÃveissobre a variabilidade genÃtica de L. theobromaesÃo insuficientes para assegurar o sucesso em qualquer programa de melhoramento genÃtico visando à resistÃncia a este patÃgeno. Levando-se em conta que as proteÃnas sÃo produtos funcionais dos genes, torna-se importante conhecÃ-las, visando um melhor entendimento do modo de aÃÃo dos patÃgenos, sendo este entendimento, Ãtil como estratÃgia a ser utilizada no melhoramento vegetal buscando a resistÃncia genÃtica. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar um estudo genÃtico molecular em uma populaÃÃo de L. theobromae e uma anÃlise proteÃmica diferencial do fungo entre isolados, mais e menos agressivos, visando identificar proteÃnas responsÃveis por essa agressividade.Uma populaÃÃo composta de 105 isolados foi usada na caracterizaÃÃo molecular, extraindo-se o DNA a partir do micÃlio do fungo crescido em meio lÃquido. Cada amostra foi submetida à reaÃÃo em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) com 15 pares de primers especÃficos para essa espÃcie, alÃm de um par de primer da regiÃo ITS e outro da regiÃo EF-1α. Os produtos amplificados foram visualisados em gel de agarose, corados com brometo de etÃdio e os dados tabulados em planilha binÃria e foram analisados pelo mÃtodo de agrupamento nÃo balanceado baseado na mÃdia aritmÃtica (UPGMA) utilizando o programa MVSP. As similaridades genÃticas foram estimadas pelo coeficiente de Jaccard. Os resultados indicaram uma grande variabilidade genÃtica da populaÃÃo avaliada. Jà o estudo proteÃmico foi realizado visando avaliar diferenÃas qualitativas, ou seja, a presenÃa/ausÃncia de uma determinada proteÃna, em relaÃÃo ao grupo antagÃnico. Para tal, utilizaram-se dois isolados do mesmo fungo, diferenciando-se quanto a sua agressividade, em que um era altamente agressivo, enquanto o outro apresentava uma baixa agressividade quando inoculados em mudas de cajueiro. Quando o perfil eletroforÃtico foi analisado, foram evidenciados 96 spots diferencialmente expressos. AtravÃs da LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS, foram identificadas 84 proteÃnasapresentando diversas funÃÃes celulares.Com essa abordagem foi possÃvel a caracterizaÃÃo preliminar do perfil proteico deste fungo, obtendo-se alguns indÃcios dos mecanismos envolvidos na sua agressividade. Este à o primeiro estudo buscando conhecer as proteÃnas responsÃveis pela agressividade de L. theobromae.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogenic fungus responsible for many diseases in various plants, is a fungus typically tropical and subtropical regions. The fungus attacks many tropical plants, among them, including mango, Spondias sp., coconut, cashew, and many others. His control is basically genetic performed by planting resistant clones, however to obtain it becomes necessary to know the pathogen characteristics. The information available on the genetic variability of L. theobromae is restricted to ensure success in any breeding program for resistance to this pathogen. Taking into account that proteins are functional products of genes, it is important to know them, to improve the understanding of the mode of action of pathogens, with this understanding, useful as a strategy to be used in plant breeding seeking genetic resistance. The objective of this study were to conduct a genetic study molecular in a population of L. theobromae and a differential proteomic analysis of the fungus among isolates, more and less aggressive, to identify proteins responsible for this aggressivity. A population consisting of 105 strains was used for molecular characterization, extracting the DNA from mycelia grown in liquid medium. Each sample was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 15 pairs of primers specific for the species, and a primer pair of the ITS region and other EF-1α region. The amplified products were visualisados agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and spreadsheet data in binary tabulated and analyzed by unbalanced grouping method based on the arithmetic mean (UPGMA) using the MVSP program. Genetic similarities were estimated by Jaccardâs coefficient. The results indicated a high genetic variability of the studied population. Since the proteomic study was conducted to assess qualitative differences, that is, the presence/absence of a specific protein in relation to the opposite group. To this end, we used two isolates of the same fungus, differing as their aggressiveness, in which one was highly aggressive, whereas the other had a low aggressiveness when inoculated seedlings of cashew. When the electrophoretic profile was analyzed, 96 were detected differentially expressed spots. By LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS / MS, 84 proteins were identified having the most diverse cellular functions. With this approach it was possible preliminary characterization of the protein profile of this fungus to give some evidence of the mechanisms involved in their aggressiveness. This is the first study seeking to know the proteins responsible for the aggressiveness L. theobromae.
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Berni, Paulo Roberto de Araujo. "Food structure design to modulate bioaccessibility of carotenoids from brazilian native fruits after screening of eleven non-conventional tropical fruits." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-14032019-114205/.
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Brazil is the country with the greatest biodiversity on the planet and a major producer of food. Tropical fruits, especially natives from Brazil, may contain considerable amounts of carotenoids that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, provitamin A and anticancer actions, such as β-carotene and lycopene. The food structure design concept aims to manipulate the food matrix for specific purposes, e.g. the preservation and manipulation of carotenoid bioaccessibility. The aim of this thesis was to explore tropical fruits, native and exotic from Brazil in the development of delivery systems for carotenoids. A screening step was carried out with 11 fruits, among which 2 were selected, the pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) and buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) fruits that were used for the production of microemulsions. At the screening were evaluated the proximate composition, fiber contents, carotenoid profiles and bioacessibilities. The nutritional value demonstrated that these fruits have high potential as raw-materials for healthy products due to their high fiber, minerals and carotenoid contents in addition to low energy value. Analysis by HPLC-DAD allowed the identification of 14 carotenoids in the 11 fruits studied for the screening. Results demonstrated the superiority of the bioaccessibility of xanthophylls (ranging 10 % - 52 %) in relation to carotenes, and the low bioaccessibility of lycopene from pitanga (1.1 %) and average bioaccessibility of β-carotene from buriti (26 %). Pitanga and buriti had their carotenoid profiles analyzed and monitored throughout an in vitro simulation of the digestion coupled with caco-2 cell cultures. Although xanthophylls are more bioaccessible, the intestinal ephitelium absorb preferentially the provitamin A carotenoids, such β-carotene and β-criptoxanthin. In order to produce these microemulsions, high-speed homogenization (HSH) and ultrasound (US) were studied in combination with the use of surfactants (Whey Protein Isolate and Tween 80), and addition of corn oil as carotenoid carrier. The experiments have shown that the interaction of US and HSH is capable to break cell walls and release carotenoids with higher efficiency. Optical and fluorescence microscopy, as well as carotenoid analysis demonstrated that it was possible to manipulate the food matrix structure releasing the carotenoids from the plant cells and encapsulating them inside the oil droplets, what increased their retention after processing. The microemulsion were affected by time of processing and by surfactant related to their rheology, final structure, stability of emulsion and carotenoid stability to processing. Finally, a dynamic gastrointestinal system was used to compare the behavior of carotenoids from whole fruit pulps and selected microemulsions (2% Tween 80, 5% corn oil, processed by HSH-US 4 min -4 min). The results demonstrated that it was possible to increase the stability to digestion and bioaccessibility of total carotenoids, lycopene and β-carotene from the microemulsions.O Brasil é o país detentor da maior biodiversidade do planeta e um grande produtor de alimentos. Frutas tropicais, em especial as nativas brasileiras, podem conter quantidades consideráveis de carotenoides que possuem ação antioxidante, anti-inflamatória, provitamina A e anticâncer, como β-caroteno e licopeno. O desenho estrutural dos alimentos (food structure design), visa manipular a matriz alimentar com fins específicos, por exemplo, a preservação e manipulação da bioacessibilidade de carotenoides. Na presente tese buscou-se explorar frutas brasileiras não-convencionais no desenvolvimento de sistemas de entrega de carotenoides. Foi realizada uma etapa de triagem com 11 frutas, dentre as quais, 2 foram selecionadas, a pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) e o buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), e utilizadas na produção de microemulsões. Nesta triagem foram avaliadas a composição centesimal, o teor de fibras, o perfil de carotenoides e a bioacessibilidade destes carotenoides. O valor nutricional das frutas demonstrou seu potencial para utilização em produtos saudáveis, devido a seus teores eleveados de fibras, minerais e carotenoides além do baixo teor calórico. A análise por HPLC-DAD permitiu identificar até 14 carotenoides nas amostras das 11 frutas estudadas na triagem. O estudo da bioacessibilidade dos carotenoides das 11 frutas demonstrou principalmente a superioridade da bioacessibilidade de xantofilas (variando de 10 a 52 %) em relação aos carotenos, e portanto a baixa bioacessibilidade de licopeno da pitanga (1,1%) e média bioacessibilidade de β-caroteno do buriti (26%). Pitanga e buriti tiveram o perfil de carotenoides detalhadamente acompanhados através da simulação in vitro da digestão associada à absorção intestinal por culturas de células Caco-2. Neste estudo, observou-se que embora as xantofillas sejam mais bioacessíveis, o tecido epitelial do intestino absorve preferencialmente carotenoides provitaminicos A, como o β-caroteno e a β-criptoxantina. Para produzir as microemulsões foram estudados processamentos (homogeneização de alta-velocidade - HSH e ultrassom - US) em combinação com uso de surfactantes (Whey Protein Isolate e Tween 80) e adição de óleo de milho como carreador dos carotenoides. Os experimentos mostraram que a interação entre US e HSH é capaz de romper as paredes celulares e liberarem os carotenoides com maior eficiência. Ficou demonstrado através de microscopia ótica e de fluorescência, tanto quanto pela análise de carotenoides, que foi possível manipular estruturalmente a matriz alimentar liberando os carotenoides de dentro das células vegetais e encapsulando-os dentro das gotículas de óleo, além de aumentar sua retenção após o processamento. As microemulsões obtidas sofreram efeito do tempo de processamento e do surfactante em relação à reologia, estrutura final da matriz, estabilidade ao armazenamento e estabilidade dos carotenoides ao processo. Por fim, foi utilizado um sistema dinâmico de simulação da digestão gastrointestinal para comparar o comportamento dos carotenoides oriundos das polpas integrais das frutas e das microemulsões selecionadas (Tween 80 a 2%, óleo de milho a 5% e processado por HSH-US 4 min-4 min). Os resultados demonstraram que foi possível aumentar a estabilidade à digestão e a bioacessibilidade dos carotenoides totais, do licopeno e do β-caroteno.
Books on the topic "Tropical fruits"
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Vuillet, Jean-Luc. Les fruits tropicaux: En 46 planches pédagogiques détachables. [Saint-Denis (La Réunion)] (BP 40066, 97462 Cedex): Orphie, 2006.
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Intergovernmental Group on Bananas and on Tropical Fruits. Session. Tropical fruits statistics. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, 1999.
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Paull, R. E., and O. Duarte, eds. Tropical fruits, Volume 2. Wallingford: CABI, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845937898.0000.
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Paull, R. E., and O. Duarte, eds. Tropical fruits, Volume 1. Wallingford: CABI, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845936723.0000.
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Dew, J. Lawrence, and Jean Philippe Boubli, eds. Tropical Fruits and Frugivores. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3833-x.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Tropical fruits"
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Abrol, Dharam P. "Tropical Fruits." In Pollination Biology, Vol.1, 271–345. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21085-8_8.
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Kaur, Mandeep, and H. K. Sharma. "Tropical Fruits." In Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements, 91–111. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118227800.ch4.
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Galán Saúco, Victor, Maria Herrero, and Jose I. Hormaza. "Tropical and Subtropical Fruits." In Horticulture: Plants for People and Places, Volume 1, 123–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8578-5_5.
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Po, Lillian Occeña, and Edgar C. Po. "Tropical Fruit I: Banana, Mango, and Pineapple." In Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing, 565–89. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118352533.ch32.
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Prasad, K. Nagendra, Azrina Azlan, and Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof. "Neutraceutical Properties of Dried Tropical Fruits: Guavas and Papayas." In Dried Fruits, 444–56. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118464663.ch24.
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Kader, Adel, and Muhammad Siddiq. "Introduction and Overview." In Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, 1–16. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118324097.ch1.
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Aleid, Salah M. "Dates." In Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, 179–202. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118324097.ch10.
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da Cunha, Rosiane Lopes, Míriam Dupas Hubinger, Ana Carla Kawazoe Sato, and Glaucia Santos Vieira. "Guava." In Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, 203–21. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118324097.ch11.
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Tongchitpakdee, Sasitorn. "Longan and Carambola." In Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, 223–40. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118324097.ch12.
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Jiang, Yueming, Haiyan Gao, and Mingwei Zhang. "Lychee (Litchi)." In Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, 241–58. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118324097.ch13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tropical fruits"
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Noor, Rustam Baraq, Marjenah, and Paulus Matius. "Diversity of Fruits in Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan Province." In Joint Symposium on Tropical Studies (JSTS-19). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210408.048.
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S. Wang and J. Tang. "TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF TROPICAL FRUITS AND INSECTS." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17000.
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Sekhar, Chandra. "HVAC System Enhancements for Improved IEQ and Energy Efficiency “Tropical Low Hanging Fruits”." In 50th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.019.50.1.255.
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The HVAC system needs to serve the primary role of conditioning the air before it is delivered to the occupied zones of a building. The increasing focus on human centricity in buildings and the unquestionable need to curb the dependency on fossil fuels due to climate change considerations has necessitated the HVAC design professionals to explore innovative means and strategies to enhance HVAC system performance for improved Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and energy efficiency. This paper deals with simple cost effective interventions, comprising new strategies or technologies in the tropics, dubbed Tropical Low Hanging Fruits that could significantly improve the energy performance of the buildings whilst simultaneously enhancing IEQ. It is obvious that new technologies or strategies are easier to be implemented in new buildings. However, such technologies could be easily seen as viable options during the refurbishment phase of an existing building. In addition, several interventions become easily possible in the normal operation stage of a building. The various technologies/strategies presented in this paper are discussed in the context of both new and existing buildings.
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Mukhametzyanov, Rafail R., Anastasiya S. Zaretskaya, Gulnara K. Dzhancharova, Nikolay G. Platonovskiy, and Natalya N. Ivantsova. "Russia as a Subject of the World Market for Staple Tropical Fruits." In International Scientific and Practical Conference Strategy of Development of Regional Ecosystems “Education-Science-Industry” (ISPCR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220208.084.
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JANGAM, SACHIN V., VARSHA S. JOSHI, B. N. THORAT, and U. S. ANNAPURE. "AN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FOR DEHYDRATION OF TROPICAL FRUITS: A CASE STUDY OF SAPOTA." In The Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific Drying Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812771957_0165.
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Kivevele, Thomas, and Zhongjie Huan. "Experimental comparative study of an open and completely closed air source heat pump for drying sub-tropical fruits." In 2015 International Conference on the Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy (ICUE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icue.2015.7280274.
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Solorzano, Jose Arturo. "Biology of stable fly on tropical fruits (pineapple, banana, and oil palm), its management strategies, and impacts on national livestock." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108894.
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Yuwana, Y., and E. Silvia. "Natural frequency as a nondestructive biophysical changes assessment of tropical fruits: Case study of durian (Durio zibethinus), mango (Mangifera indica), and “sawo”(Arachaszapota)." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (ICoMSE) 2020: Innovative Research in Science and Mathematics Education in The Disruptive Era. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0037558.
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Fauziyah, Elys. "Consumer Image on the Package of Fruit Leather-tropical Fruit Base Product." In 2nd INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 2018. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008784302460251.
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Salusu, Heriad Daud, Farida Ariani, Edy Budiarso, Irawan Wijaya Kusuma, and Enos Tangke Arung. "Increased Benefits of Calamus manan Miq. Fruit by Its Potential Bioactivity." In Joint Symposium on Tropical Studies (JSTS-19). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210408.030.
Full textReports on the topic "Tropical fruits"
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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Porat, Ron, Gregory T. McCollum, Amnon Lers, and Charles L. Guy. Identification and characterization of genes involved in the acquisition of chilling tolerance in citrus fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587727.bard.
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Citrus, like many other tropical and subtropical fruit are sensitive to chilling temperatures. However, application of a pre-storage temperature conditioning (CD) treatment at 16°C for 7 d or of a hot water brushing (HWB) treatment at 60°C for 20 sec remarkably enhances chilling tolerance and reduces the development of chilling injuries (CI) upon storage at 5°C. In the current research, we proposed to identify and characterize grapefruit genes that are induced by CD, and may contribute to the acquisition of fruit chilling tolerance, by two different molecular approaches: cDNA array analysis and PCR cDNA subtraction. In addition, following the recent development and commercialization of the new Affymetrix Citrus Genome Array, we further performed genome-wide transcript profiling analysis following exposure to CD and chilling treatments. To conduct the cDNA array analysis, we constructed cDNA libraries from the peel tissue of CD- and HWB-treated grapefruit, and performed an EST sequencing project including sequencing of 3,456 cDNAs from each library. Based on the obtained sequence information, we chose 70 stress-responsive and chilling-related genes and spotted them on nylon membranes. Following hybridization the constructed cDNA arrays with RNA probes from control and CD-treated fruit and detailed confirmations by RT-PCR analysis, we found that six genes: lipid-transfer protein, metallothionein-like protein, catalase, GTP-binding protein, Lea5, and stress-responsive zinc finger protein, showed higher transcript levels in flavedo of conditioned than in non-conditioned fruit stored at 5 ᵒC. The transcript levels of another four genes: galactinol synthase, ACC oxidase, temperature-induced lipocalin, and chilling-inducible oxygenase, increased only in control untreated fruit but not in chilling-tolerant CD-treated fruit. By PCR cDNA subtraction analysis we identified 17 new chilling-responsive and HWB- and CD-induced genes. Overall, characterization of the expression patterns of these genes as well as of 11 more stress-related genes by RNA gel blot hybridizations revealed that the HWB treatment activated mainly the expression of stress-related genes(HSP19-I, HSP19-II, dehydrin, universal stress protein, EIN2, 1,3;4-β-D-glucanase, and SOD), whereas the CD treatment activated mainly the expression of lipid modification enzymes, including fatty acid disaturase2 (FAD2) and lipid transfer protein (LTP). Genome wide transcriptional profiling analysis using the newly developed Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip® microarray (including 30,171 citrus probe sets) revealed the identification of three different chilling-related regulons: 1,345 probe sets were significantly affected by chilling in both control and CD-treated fruits (chilling-response regulon), 509 probe sets were unique to the CD-treated fruits (chilling tolerance regulon), and 417 probe sets were unique to the chilling-sensitive control fruits (chilling stress regulon). Overall, exposure to chilling led to expression governed arrest of general cellular metabolic activity, including concretive down-regulation of cell wall, pathogen defense, photosynthesis, respiration, and protein, nucleic acid and secondary metabolism. On the other hand, chilling enhanced various adaptation processes, such as changes in the expression levels of transcripts related to membranes, lipid, sterol and carbohydrate metabolism, stress stimuli, hormone biosynthesis, and modifications in DNA binding and transcription factors.
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Williams, Peter. Sweet and Sour: An investigation of conditions in tropical fruit supply chains in North East Brazil. Oxfam, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2019/4887.
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Gómez Guerrero, Blanca Mercedes, Janer Eugenio Payares Guerrero, Alexander Salazar Montoya, and Flora Manuel Ariza Molina. Características agronómicas del pimentón (capsicum annuum L.) de 3 variedades en el municipio de Valledupar - Cesar. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecapma.4234.
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El departamento del Cesar, tiene un gran potencial para la producción de hortalizas y entre ellas están el pimentón según (ASOHOFRUCOL, 2006), que apoyaría la diversificación y generación de ingresos a pequeñas familias productoras, pero hay muy poca investigación sobre hortalizas en la región Caribe, que hace necesario impulsar este tipo de estudios que generen conocimiento y transferencia de tecnología para estos cultivos. Por lo anterior la presente investigación está orientada a determinar las características agronómicas del cultivo de ají pimentón (Capsicum annuum), de 3 variedades Cortes, Zapata y 14pe9572 bajo las condiciones climáticas de bosque seco tropical del municipio de Valledupar – Cesar, El desarrollo de esta investigación se realizó bajo la implementación de un cultivo tecnificado con riego por goteo, buenas prácticas agrícolas que incluyen un plan de fertilización, manejo integrado de malezas y el manejo integrado de plagas y enfermedades. El estudio se realizó en unidades experimentales de 20 metros cuadrados con un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar con tres variedades y tres réplicas, que permitió el seguimiento y evaluación de las variables agronómicas (Número de frutos, peso en kilogramos, diámetro polar y ecuatorial) de las tres variedades de pimentón. Los resultados obtenidos de las tres variedades, a partir del análisis estadístico con base en cada una de las variables, no reportaron diferencias significativas entre ellas, pero si se observó una buena adaptabilidad de las tres variedades bajo las condiciones agroclimáticas de Valledupar.
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Eneroth, Hanna, Hanna Karlsson Potter, and Elin Röös. Environmental impact of coffee, tea and cocoa – data collection for a consumer guide for plant-based foods. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.2n3m2d2pjl.
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In 2020, WWF launched a consumer guide on plant-based products targeting Swedish consumers. The development of the guide is described in a journal paper (Karlsson Potter & Röös, 2021) and the environmental impact of different plant based foods was published in a report (Karlsson Potter, Lundmark, & Röös, 2020). This report was prepared for WWF Sweden to provide scientific background information for complementing the consumer guide with information on coffee, tea and cocoa. This report includes quantitative estimations for several environmental categories (climate, land use, biodiversity and water use) of coffee (per L), tea (per L) and cocoa powder (per kg), building on the previously established methodology for the consumer guide. In addition, scenarios of consumption of coffee, tea and cocoa drink with milk/plant-based drinks and waste at household level, are presented. Tea, coffee and cacao beans have a lot in common. They are tropical perennial crops traditionally grown in the shade among other species, i.e. in agroforestry systems. Today, the production in intensive monocultures has negative impact on biodiversity. Re-introducing agroforestry practices may be part of the solution to improve biodiversity in these landscapes. Climate change will likely, due to changes in temperature, extreme weather events and increases in pests and disease, alter the areas where these crops can be grown in the future. A relatively high ratio of the global land used for coffee, tea and cocoa is certified according to sustainability standards, compared to other crops. Although research on the implications of voluntary standards on different outcomes is inconclusive, the literature supports that certifications have a role in incentivizing more sustainable farming. Coffee, tea and cocoa all contain caffeine and have a high content of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, and they have all been associated with positive health outcomes. While there is a strong coffee culture in Sweden and coffee contributes substantially to the environmental impact of our diet, tea is a less consumed beverage. Cocoa powder is consumed as a beverage, but substantial amounts of our cocoa consumption is in the form of chocolate. Roasted ground coffee on the Swedish market had a climate impact of 4.0 kg CO2e per kg powder, while the climate impact of instant coffee powder was 11.5 kg CO2e per kg. Per litre, including the energy use for making the coffee, the total climate impact was estimated to 0.25 kg CO2e per L brewed coffee and 0.16 kg CO2e per L for instant coffee. Less green coffee beans are needed to produce the same amount of ready to drink coffee from instant coffee than from brewed coffee. Tea had a climate impact of approximately 6.3 kg CO2 e per kg dry leaves corresponding to an impact of 0.064 CO2e per L ready to drink tea. In the assessment of climate impact per cup, tea had the lowest impact with 0.013 kg CO2e, followed by black instant coffee (0.024 kg CO2e), black coffee (0.038 kg CO2e), and cocoa drink made with milk (0.33 kg CO2e). The climate impact of 1kg cocoa powder on the Swedish market was estimated to 2.8 kg CO2e. Adding milk to coffee or tea increases the climate impact substantially. The literature describes a high proportion of the total climate impact of coffee from the consumer stage due to the electricity used by the coffee machine. However, with the Nordic low-carbon energy mix, the brewing and heating of water and milk contributes to only a minor part of the climate impact of coffee. As in previous research, coffee also had a higher land use, water use and biodiversity impact than tea per L beverage. Another factor of interest at the consumer stage is the waste of prepared coffee. Waste of prepared coffee contributes to climate impact through the additional production costs and electricity for preparation, even though the latter was small in our calculations. The waste of coffee and tea at Summary household level is extensive and measures to reduce the amount of wasted coffee and tea could reduce the environmental impact of Swedish hot drink consumption. For the final evaluation of coffee and tea for the consumer guide, the boundary for the fruit and vegetable group was used. The functional unit for coffee and tea was 1 L prepared beverage without any added milk or sweetener. In the guide, the final evaluation of conventionally grown coffee is that it is ‘yellow’ (‘Consume sometimes’), and for organic produce, ‘light green’ (‘Please consume). The evaluation of conventionally grown tea is that it is ‘light green’, and for organic produce, ‘dark green’ (‘Preferably consume this’). For cocoa, the functional unit is 1 kg of cocoa powder and the boundary was taken from the protein group. The final evaluation of conventionally grown cocoa is that it is ‘orange’ (‘Be careful’), and for organically produced cocoa, ‘light green’.