Academic literature on the topic 'Tropical kudzu seed meal'

This study investigates the use of germinated Pueraria phaseoloides (Tropical kudzu seed): GPPSM in practical diets for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Fish (mean initial weight 1.4±0.1 g) were fed five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets formulated, at 35% crude protein and 9% lipid-containing different levels of inclusion of GPPSM and designated as D1 (0 % inclusion), D2 (10 % inclusion), D3 (20 % inclusion), D4 (30 % inclusion) and D5 (40 % inclusion) for 56 days. 20 fish per hapa were accommodated in Fifteen net hapa (0.5×0.5×1m3) suspended in two outdoor concrete ponds (8m × 5m × 1.5m) with the aid of kuralon twine tied to plastic poles, the concrete ponds were filled to 5/6 of its volume (40m3) with filtered and dechlorinated tap water. The fish were fed at 5% body weight three times daily. The results showed that fish fed D3 and D4 had the highest significantly values in all the growth and nutrient utilization values measured and were significantly different (P<0.05) from fish fed other experimental diets, while fish fed D5 had the lowest value, however, was not significantly different (P>0.05) from fish fed D1 and D2. There was no significant difference in the percentage survival and apparent nutrient digestibility among all the fish fed the experimental diets. The general assessment shows that fish fed all the experimental diets did well in all the growth parameters measured and D4 had a better feed utilization than the other fish fed the experimental diets. In conclusion, the inclusion of GPPSM up to 30% is suitable and had no negative impact on the growth, survival and nutrient utilization of O. niloticus fingerlings. This study also shows that GPPSM can be a potential ingredient for the aquafeed industry.

Protein nutrition plays a key role in ruminant performance and represents the largest proportion of costs in animal feed. The present study evaluated whether the roughage portion of Santa Inês sheep diets could be supplemented with different ratios of tropical kudzu as a protein source and assessed the best inclusion level of tropical kudzu based on digestibility, intake, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior. Twenty rams were evaluated during the 20-day experimental period, and they were fed formulated diets with a roughage portion (60%) consisting of Elephant grass and tropical kudzu, the latter supplemented at different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75% on a dry matter basis). Forty percent of the concentrate portion consisted primarily of ground corn and soybean meal adjusted to obtain an isoproteic diet. Chemical and bromatological analyses, as well as, analyses to assess intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior, were conducted. No statistically significant differences were found (P>0.05) for the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose (HEMI), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) or for the feeding behavior (feeding, rumination and idle times in h/day) and nitrogen balance between the diets studied. Thus, tropical kudzu can be considered a feed alternative to supplementation with prime protein foods (in this case, soybean meal) in sheep diets.

This research study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of kudzu leaf meal (KLM) and alfalfa meal (AM) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, and organ parameters. Kudzu leaf meal and AM were added at rates of 6% and 7.3%, respectively, to a complete broiler starter diet. Three treatments (control (complete broiler starter diet), KLM supplementation; and AM supplementation) with four replicates were fed to 217 male broilers over a 21 d battery cage grow out. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with battery cage representing the experimental unit. Birds on KLM and AM had a lower average body weight, lower cumulative feed consumption, and a higher adjusted feed conversion than control (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were observed treatment effects on whole breast weight (p = 0.0010), with control being higher than both treated diets. Minimal treatment effects were observed for organ parameters. Furthermore, there were no observed treatment differences for mortality (p > 0.05). Although broilers on KLM did not perform as well as those in the control group, these results are indicative that kudzu is safe to use in poultry production and has a high potential as a protein supplement in tropical regions with a low availability of commercial protein feedstuffs.

This study aimed to evaluate the viability of seeds of butterfly pea, stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande, tropical kudzu and archer after passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of goats; and to evaluate these animals as dispersing agents. Fifty grams of seeds of each plant were mixed with the concentrate and given to 20 goats, whose feces were collected up to 102 hours after ingestion for seed retrieval and subsequent germination test. This was a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement: 4 Fabaceae plants x 17 sampling times with five replicates. The percentage of seed retrieval ranged from 16.9 to 70.9%; butterfly pea and archer, respectively. The passage through the GIT positively affected the germination of kudzu seeds; which presented the highest germination average (45%), and negatively the seeds of stylosanthes and butterfly pea, which presented respectively, 15 and 13%. The period of highest seed dispersal was 24 - 42 hours, peaking in 36 hours. Under these conditions, goats may be considered as legitimate seed dispersers.

This study describes the development of tropical kudzu seeds incorporated in the coconut coir net (coconet) twines as a potential improvement in the installation of geonets for slope protection. The performance of the system was determined by installing the net (2x3m) in a sloping (40-45%) plot using a 32 factorial experiment. The three factors are fertilizer (with and without), seed spacing (152x152mm and 305x305mm), and seeding (direct seeding and integrated into the net) with three replications. Response variables were germination rate, vegetation index, and the volume of soil collected. Results showed that the average germination rate ranged from 51% to 84%. The highest germination rate yielded from the treatment with no fertilizer and integrated into the net. The average vegetation index for all treatments was more than 92% for the 12-week duration. Unfortunately, no soil particles were collected due to the low rainfall during the conduct of the study. In the long run, the coconet incorporated with tropical kudzu is found to be a more economical slope protection solution as it will not require regular re-installation as compared to a regular coconet. Furthermore, it is recommended to further study the establishment of tropical kudzu considering a longer period of time and actual slope protection setup.

Abstract. A feeding trial was conducted for 16 weeks to evaluate the effects and cost-benefits of feeding raw or processed Senna obtusifolia (S. obtusifolia) seed meal based-diets on the laying performance of ISA brown laying hens. Six experimental diets were compounded to contain 0% S. obtusifolia seed meal (T1) and 20% each of the raw, boiled, soaked, sprouted and fermented S. obtusifolia seed meals designated as T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. One hundred and eighty (180) ISA brown laying hens aged 36 weeks were housed in battery cages (5 birds/0.95m2) and assigned to the six (6) dietary treatments in groups of thirty (30) birds in a completely randomized design. Each replicate cage contains 10 laying hens. Data were collected on feed intake, hen-day egg production (HDEP), hen-house egg production (HHEP), egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio per egg mass, feed cost per kilogram, feed cost per egg mass and mortality. The results indicated that the group of laying hens fed raw S. obtusifolia seed meal based diet recorded the lowest HDEP (52.42%), egg weight (53.08g) and egg mass (2782.45g). Among the hens fed the processed S. obtusifolia seed meal based diets, the laying hens fed the fermented S. obtusifolia seed meal based diet indicated significantly (p<0.05) better HDEP (64.05%), egg weight (58.45g) and egg mass (3743.72g). On economic grounds, the use of raw S. obtusifolia is not cost effective because feed cost per kilogram egg was relatively high (N317.47 or $0.82) in the group of laying hens fed raw S. obtusifolia seed meal based diet. However, the processed S. obtusifolia seed meal based diets showed some economic advantage. In conclusion, 20% of fermented S. obtusifolia seed meal can be incorporated in the diets of laying hens with little or no depreciation in laying performance and economic-benefits.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of soybean meal with raw and processed lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius) meals on growth and carcass performances of Cobb 500 broiler chickens. Two hundred unsexed day-old chicks with similar body weight were randomly assigned to four treatment diets in completely randomized design with 5 replicates. The four dietary treatments diets were 0 % lupin seed meal (T1), 15 % raw lupin seed meal (RLS, T2), 15 % heat-treated dehulled lupin seed meal (HDLS, T3) and 15 % heat-treated lupin seed meal (HLS, T4). The CP content of RLS, HDLS, and HLS were 33.5, 37.1, and 35.4 %, respectively. The highest total and daily feed intake was observed in chickens reared in control diet (T1) while the lowest from T2 and T4 diets and differed (p<0.05) with the T1 diet. However, no significance effect was observed in feed conversion ratio among the treatment diets. Chickens fed with T1 diet had higher (p<0.05) final body weight, total and daily weight gains than those reared in T2 and T4 diets while these values were comparable to those fed on T3 diet. Similarly, higher (p<0.05) values were observed for slaughter weight, dressed carcass weight, drumsticks, keel bone meat, wings, neck and back and thorax in chickens fed with T1 diet than those of T2 and T4 diets; but these values did not differ with chickens fed on the T3 diet. The gizzard weight was similar between chickens fed with T1 and T3 diets while those on T2 and T4 diets had lower (p<0.05) values than those of T1 diet. The highest liver weight was observed in T1 diet while the lowest in T2 and differed (p<0.05). In conclusion it would be economically beneficial to replace 15 % of the soybean meal with heat-treated dehulled blue lupin seed meal in broilers ration under tropical environment

Background Moringa peregrina (M.P) is a multipurpose promising tree that grows widely in Asia and Africa’s tropical and subtropical regions. It is generally rich in nutrients especially oil which can be used for edible or nonedible purposes and also rich in protein. However, some anti-nutritional substances, namely glucosinolates (GSLs), remain in M.P meal preventing its utilization in animal or human feeding. These substances though good for the plant to defend against herbivores, cause deleterious effects or are even toxic to animals and humans. GSLs are the most important anti-nutritional substances in M.P seed and meal. Objective Accordingly, this investigation aims to use different techniques for oil extraction from M.P seed and their effect on the GSLs content of the meal remaining after oil extraction, then the meal is detoxified to be suitable for using in animal or human feeding. Materials and methods In this study, M.P meal was obtained as a by-product left over after oil extraction from moringa seed by different extraction procedures including (hydraulic press, screw pressing, extraction by solvent via Soxhlet, and prepress − solvent extraction at room temperature).The sinalbin, moringin, and total GSLs were determined and identified by HPLC. Detoxification of GSLs was then applied for M.P meal remaining after oil extraction by hexane, using soaking in water followed by a water-washing treatment. Results and conclusion The results indicated that sinalbin and moringin are the major dominant GSLs in M.P seed and meal. Moreover, the total GSLs content in the meal that remained after all different oil extraction techniques was significantly higher when compared with their content in the seed. Also, the results showed that there was a significant decrease in the level of total GSLs in M.P meal as a result of the water treatment. It decreased from 941.8±34.14 nmol/mg in defatted meal before water treatment to 23.97±18.31 nmol/mg in residues left after treatment with water for 15 min. Therefore, soaking in water followed by a water-washing treatment is the simplest and most efficient process to remove the GSLs from M.P meal to be suitable for animal feeding.

The eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chickens fed raw or processed Senna obtusifolia seed meal (SOSM). Six experimental diets were compounded to contain 0% SOSM and 20% each of the raw, boiled, soaked, sprouted and fermented SOSM respectively. Two hundred and sixteen (216) broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six (6) dietary treatments in a randomised complete block design with three (3) replicates containing 12 chicks each. Data were collected on nutrient digestibility, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The result of productive performance indicated that feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<0.05) depressed in broiler chickens fed raw, soaked and sprouted Senna obtusifolia seed meal. However, broiler chickens fed fermented SOSM showed better (P<0.05) productive performance that was close to those fed the positive control diet (0% SOSM). The mortality rate did not reveal any particular trend. However, the low mortality rate recorded in the different treatments indicated broiler chicken can tolerate up to 20% of either raw or processed SOSM. Broiler chickens fed raw SOSM recorded lower values for dry matter (63.06%), crude protein (52.46%), ether extract (53.88%), crude fibre (30.72%) and nitrogen-free extract (46.11%) digestibility than those fed the other processed SOSM. The nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed fermented SOSM was significantly (P<0.05) better followed by those fed boiled Senna obtusifolia seed meal. For instance, broiler chickens fed fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal recorded the highest crude protein and ether extract of 69.91 and 70.03% compared to the other processing methods. It can be concluded that 20% fermented SOSM can be incorporated in the diets of broiler chickens with acceptable depreciation in biological performance. Slightly lower levels of boiled SOSM can be included in the diet of broiler chickens but the levels should be ascertained in further studies.

<strong>Abstract:</strong> Baobab tree (<em>Adansonia digitata)</em> is an indigenous of tropical plant predominant in Nigeria. Baobab tree produces seeds that are not only rich in protein (20%- 36% CP) and energy (1,898 - 4,465kCal/kg) but also provides some necessary fiber, vitamins, minerals and amino acids, particularly, lysine and methionine which is capable of complementing the protein of maize (8%) in poultry diets. One hundred (100) day old Broiler chicks were purchased from a reputable farm (Zartech) Jos plateau State. Birds were managed intensively using animal welfare guide 2006. Four (4) broiler starter experimental diets were formulated such that the fermented baobab seed meal replaced soybeans at 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% dietary levels respectively. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of varying levels of fermented baobab seed on biochemical indices. Birds on Fermented baobab seed meal (FBSM) showed significant (P &lt;0.05) effect on uric acid with a significantly increased in value of 4.27 mg/d on birds fed diet T3. High inclusion rate of FBSM (15% and 22.5%) revealed higher numerical value of 59.97mg/dl and 47.90 mg/dl for creatinine. From the result of this study, it was concluded that fermented baobab seed meal (FBSM) had no significant influence on most of the serum biochemical parameters observed except uric acid. However, the inclusion level of 15% may be safe for improved growth and serum biochemical characteristics in broiler chickens at starter phase. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Serum-biochemical, broilers, graded levels, baobab, meal. <strong>Title:</strong> Effects of Varying Levels of Fermented Baobab Seed Meal on Serum Biochemical Components of Broiler Chickens at Starter Phase <strong>Author:</strong> ANTHONY ALVADIS ALLAHOKI <strong>International Journal of Life Sciences Research</strong> <strong>ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)</strong> <strong>Vol. 11, Issue 3, July 2023 - September 2023</strong> <strong>Page No: 72-75</strong> <strong>Research Publish Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 12-September-2023</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8337849</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/effects-of-varying-levels-of-fermented-baobab-seed-meal-on-serum-biochemical-components-of-broiler-chickens-at-starter-phase</strong>

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-10T14:09:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Tatiana Oliveira da Silva.pdf: 1137658 bytes, checksum: 31af0cd49ed243269ee071f1dbf32c78 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T14:09:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Tatiana Oliveira da Silva.pdf: 1137658 bytes, checksum: 31af0cd49ed243269ee071f1dbf32c78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-04<br>Legumes have some characteristics which make them able to improve pasture productivity, since they act as green manure and prevent soil erosion by weather agents. They contribute, furthermore, to maintaining or increasing soil organic matter level, since they draw carbon and fix atmospheric Nitrogen, so mobilize and recycle nutrients, increasing microbiological soil activity. Considering the useful potential of these forage plants the seed dispersal of five legume species (Pueraria phaseoloides, Neonotonia wightii, Calopogonium mucunoides, Macrotyloma axillare and Stylosanthes cv. Mineir?o) through bovine feces in an established pasture of B. decumbens was studied in two trials. In the first one seeds mixed with concentrate were offered in the late afternoon to five crossbred (Holsten-Zebu) heifers weighing 250 kg. This experiment was carried out in a crop-pasture rotation system with five paddocks occupied for 4 days. Field evaluation were made from 12 to 30 hrs after seed ingestion, consisting in marking with sticks of different colors the sites of animal droppings in order to discriminate legume species. After 73 days of pasture vacancy was made the first evaluation in order to set the number of sprouts in the research field and Pueraria phaseoloides (puero) showed the best results, followed by Macrotyloma axillare (archer) and Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo). We accessed, in addition, the drought resistance after 266 days of pasture closure counting the survival legume plants in the pasture. The best performance for plant survival after dry season was observed in archer, followed by calopo. Concerning germination after the dry season of seeding made at the beginning of the experiment, best results were found by perennial soybean, despite its low results during the dry season. A second experiment was conducted using only archer seeds as they showed the best results concerning drought persistence. Five heifers were fed with 40 g of archer seeds; the animals were kept grazing for four days at the paddock in the crop-pasture system. At the first evaluation of this experiment we observed 215 archer plants in the research field. At the second evaluation the botanical composition analysis was made revealing the presence of 6,4% of the research area covered by archer plants (global mean of 380 plants).<br>As leguminosas possuem algumas caracter?sticas que contribuem para a produtividade do pasto, assim como a aduba??o verde, protegendo o solo dos agentes clim?ticos. Al?m disso, as leguminosas seq?estram o carbono e fixam o nitrog?nio atmosf?rico e, assim, apresentam potencial para manter ou elevar o teor de mat?ria org?nica, mobilizar e reciclar nutrientes e favorecer a atividade biol?gica do solo. Levando em considera??o o potencial ben?fico destas planta forrageiras objetivou-se avaliar a dispers?o de sementes de cinco leguminosas forrageiras tropicais (Pueraria phaseoloides, Neonotonia wightii, Calopogonium mucunoides, Macrotyloma axillare e Stylosanthes cv. Mineir?o) atrav?s das fezes de bovinos em pastagem j? estabelecida de Brachiaria decumbens. O primeiro experimento foi realizado em sistema de lota??o rotacionada, com 5 piquetes e 2 dias de ocupa??o. As sementes das cinco leguminosas foram oferecidas a cinco novilhas mesti?as (holand?s x zebu), pesando m?dia de 250 kg, misturadas ao concentrado no fim da tarde. Entre 12 e 30 horas ap?s a ingest?o das sementes era feita uma avalia??o a campo que consistia na marca??o com bambus de diversas cores do local das deje??es dos animais, diferenciando as esp?cies. Ap?s 73 dias de descanso foi realizada a primeira avalia??o quanto ao n?mero de plantas germinadas na ?rea experimental, sendo o Pueraria phaseoloides (kudzu tropical) a esp?cie que apresentou o melhor resultado, seguido pelo Macrotiloma axillare (macrotiloma) e Calopogonium mucunoides (calopog?nio). Ainda foi avaliada a persist?ncia ? seca, ap?s 266 dias de veda??o da pastagem, contabilizando o n?mero de plantas presentes no pasto. O melhor desempenho quanto ao n?mero m?dio de plantas ap?s a seca foi alcan?ado pelo macrotiloma, sendo seguida pelo calopog?nio. Quanto ? germina??o ap?s o per?odo de seca, das sementes implantadas no in?cio do experimento, o melhor resultado foi obtido pela soja perene, apesar da sua baixa contribui??o no per?odo de seca. O segundo experimento foi realizado apenas com sementes de macrotiloma devido ao bom resultado desta esp?cie quanto ? persist?ncia ? seca. Foram oferecidos a cinco novilhas 40g de sementes de macrotiloma; os animais permaneceram no piquete por 4 dias pastejando em sistema de lota??o rotacionada. Na primeira avalia??o deste experimento obteve-se uma m?dia de 215 plantas de macrotiloma na ?rea experimental. Na segunda avalia??o foi realizado o levantamento da composi??o bot?nica da pastagem, no qual o macrotiloma teve participa??o em 6,4% da ?rea experimental, com uma m?dia total de aproximadamente 380 plantas.

Oilseeds have been cultivated from antiquity with increasing demand in agricultural industries world trade. Many economies such as Malaysia depend largely on oilseed crops which are grown primarily for the edible oil production; and for additional meal fraction arising from the seed. The meal is rich in protein and used for animal feed. Recent developments in research have posited oilseeds as a viable source for the production of biodiesel. In the tropics, most of the oilseeds are underutilized; and interest in its mass production and utilization are lacking. Some other seed such as neem seeds, pawpaw seeds, Jatropha curcas L. seeds, etc. have not been put to use in tropical countries leading to subsistence production and their applications in other areas. The oilseed crops could be used either for human, animal or for industrial purposes. There is need to increase the volume of production of these oils in tropical countries through improved quality farming techniques that would encourage breeding in other to meet up with increasing demands. Notably, there are many conventional methods that have been used to increase oilseeds yields. However, the adoption of each technology improvement should be sustainable, while other unknown oilseeds should be discovered for increased utilization.