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Journal articles on the topic 'Tropospheric aerosols'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Voulgarakis, A., D. T. Shindell, and G. Faluvegi. "Linkages between ozone-depleting substances, tropospheric oxidation and aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 9 (2013): 4907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4907-2013.

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Abstract. Coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere allows changes in stratospheric ozone abundances to affect tropospheric chemistry. Large-scale effects from such changes on chemically produced tropospheric aerosols have not been systematically examined in past studies. We use a composition-climate model to investigate potential past and future impacts of changes in stratospheric ozone depleting substances (ODS) on tropospheric oxidants and sulfate aerosols. In most experiments, we find significant responses in tropospheric photolysis and oxidants, with small but significant effe

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2

Voulgarakis, A., D. T. Shindell, and G. Faluvegi. "Linkages between ozone depleting substances, tropospheric oxidation and aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 9 (2012): 25551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-25551-2012.

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Abstract. Coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere allows changes in stratospheric ozone abundances to affect tropospheric chemistry. Large-scale effects from such changes on chemically produced tropospheric aerosols have not been systematically examined in past studies. We use a composition-climate model to investigate potential past and future impacts of changes in stratospheric Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) on tropospheric oxidants and sulfate aerosols. In most experiments, we find significant responses in tropospheric photolysis and oxidants, with small but significant effe

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3

Mahajan, Salil, Katherine J. Evans, John E. Truesdale, James J. Hack, and Jean-François Lamarque. "Interannual Tropospheric Aerosol Variability in the Late Twentieth Century and Its Impact on Tropical Atlantic and West African Climate by Direct and Semidirect Effects." Journal of Climate 25, no. 23 (2012): 8031–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00029.1.

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Abstract A new high-resolution global tropospheric aerosol dataset with monthly resolution is generated using version 4 of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4) coupled to a bulk aerosol model and forced with recent estimates of surface emissions for the period 1961–2000 to identify tropospheric aerosol-induced interannual climate variations. The surface emissions dataset is constructed from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) decadal-resolution surface emissions dataset to include reanalysis of tropospheric chemical composition [40-yr Reanalysis of Tropospheric Chemic

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4

Renard, J. B., S. N. Tripathi, M. Michael, et al. "In situ detection of electrified aerosols in the upper troposphere and stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 22 (2013): 11187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11187-2013.

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Abstract. Electrified aerosols have been observed in the lower troposphere and in the mesosphere, but have never been detected in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. We present measurements of aerosols obtained during a balloon flight to an altitude of ~ 24 km. The measurements were performed with an improved version of the Stratospheric and Tropospheric Aerosol Counter (STAC) aerosol counter dedicated to the search for charged aerosols. It is found that most of the aerosols are charged in the upper troposphere for altitudes below 10 km and in the stratosphere for altitudes above 20 km. Co

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5

Zhang, Yan-Lin, Kimitaka Kawamura, Ping Qing Fu, et al. "Aircraft observations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids in the aerosols over China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 10 (2016): 6407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6407-2016.

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Abstract. Vertical profiles of dicarboxylic acids, related organic compounds and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracer compounds in particle phase have not yet been simultaneously explored in East Asia, although there is growing evidence that aqueous-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds may be responsible for the elevated organic aerosols (OA) in the troposphere. Here, we found consistently good correlation of oxalic acid, the most abundant individual organic compounds in aerosols globally, with its precursors as well as biogenic-derived SOA compounds in Chinese tropospheric aerosols

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Chimot, J., T. Vlemmix, J. P. Veefkind, J. F. de Haan, and P. F. Levelt. "Impact of aerosols on the OMI tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> retrievals over industrialized regions: how accurate is the aerosol correction of cloud-free scenes via a simple cloud model?" Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 8 (2015): 8385–437. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-8385-2015.

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Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) instrument has provided daily global measurements of tropospheric NO2 for more than a decade. Numerous studies have drawn attention to the complexities related to measurements of tropospheric NO2 in the presence of aerosols. Fine particles affect the OMI spectral measurements and the length of the average light path followed by the photons. However, they are not explicitly taken into account in the current OMI tropospheric NO2 retrieval chain. Instead, the operational OMI O2-O2 cloud retrieval algorithm is applied both to cloudy scenes and to clo

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7

du Preez, D. Jean, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Kévin Lamy, and Caradee Yael Wright. "Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Pretoria and Its Relations to Aerosols and Tropospheric Ozone during the Biomass Burning Season." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020132.

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Biomass burning has an impact on atmospheric composition as well as human health and wellbeing. In South Africa, the biomass burning season extends from July to October and affects the aerosol loading and tropospheric ozone concentrations which in turn impact solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels at the surface. Using ground-based observations of aerosols, tropospheric ozone and solar UVR (as well as modelled solar UVR) we investigated the impact of aerosols and tropospheric ozone on solar UVR in August, September, and October over Pretoria. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and tropospheric ozon

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8

Rotstayn, Leon D., Emily L. Plymin, Mark A. Collier, et al. "Declining Aerosols in CMIP5 Projections: Effects on Atmospheric Temperature Structure and Midlatitude Jets." Journal of Climate 27, no. 18 (2014): 6960–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00258.1.

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Abstract The effects of declining anthropogenic aerosols in representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) are assessed in four models from phase 5 the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), with a focus on annual, zonal-mean atmospheric temperature structure and zonal winds. For each model, the effect of declining aerosols is diagnosed from the difference between a projection forced by RCP4.5 for 2006–2100 and another that has identical forcing, except that anthropogenic aerosols are fixed at early twenty-first-century levels. The response to declining aerosols is interpreted in te

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9

Mulena, Gabriela C., Salvador E. Puliafito, and Susan G. Lakkis. "Application of Tropospheric Sulfate Aerosol Emissions to Mitigate Meteorological Phenomena with Extremely High Daily Temperatures." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 1 (2019): 14–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0002.

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Abstract This research examined whether tropospheric sulfate ion aerosols (SO42−) might be applied at a regional scale to mitigate meteorological phenomena with extremely high daily temperatures. The specific objectives of this work were: 1) to model the behaviour of SO42−aerosols in the troposphere and their influence on surface temperature and incident solar radiation, at a regional scale, using an appropriate online coupled mesoscale meteorology and chemistry model; 2) to determine the main engineering design parameters using tropospheric SO42−aerosols in order to artificially reduce the te

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10

Chimot, J., T. Vlemmix, J. P. Veefkind, J. F. de Haan, and P. F. Levelt. "Impact of aerosols on the OMI tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> retrievals over industrialized regions: how accurate is the aerosol correction of cloud-free scenes via a simple cloud model?" Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 2 (2016): 359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-359-2016.

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Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has provided daily global measurements of tropospheric NO2 for more than a decade. Numerous studies have drawn attention to the complexities related to measurements of tropospheric NO2 in the presence of aerosols. Fine particles affect the OMI spectral measurements and the length of the average light path followed by the photons. However, they are not explicitly taken into account in the current operational OMI tropospheric NO2 retrieval chain (DOMINO – Derivation of OMI tropospheric NO2) product. Instead, the operational OMI O2 − O2 cloud retrie

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11

Castellanos, P., K. F. Boersma, O. Torres, and J. F. de Haan. "OMI tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> air mass factors over South America: effects of biomass burning aerosols." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 9 (2015): 3831–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3831-2015.

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Abstract. Biomass burning is an important and uncertain source of aerosols and NOx (NO + NO2) to the atmosphere. Satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 are essential for characterizing this emissions source, but inaccuracies in the retrieval of NO2 tropospheric columns due to the radiative effects of aerosols, especially light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, are not well understood. It has been shown that the O2–O2 effective cloud fraction and pressure retrieval is sensitive to aerosol optical and physical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD). Aerosols implicitly influence th

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12

Castellanos, P., K. F. Boersma, O. Torres, and J. F. de Haan. "OMI tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> air mass factors over South America: effects of biomass burning aerosols." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 3 (2015): 2683–733. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-2683-2015.

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Abstract. Biomass burning is an important and uncertain source of aerosols and NOx (NO + NO2) to the atmosphere. OMI observations of tropospheric NO2 are essential for characterizing this emissions source, but inaccuracies in the retrieval of NO2 tropospheric columns due to the radiative effects of aerosols, especially light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, are not well understood. It has been shown that the O2–O2 effective cloud fraction and pressure retrieval is sensitive to aerosol optical and physical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD). Aerosols implicitly influence the trop

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13

Pandis, Spyros N., Anthony S. Wexler, and John H. Seinfeld. "Dynamics of Tropospheric Aerosols." Journal of Physical Chemistry 99, no. 24 (1995): 9646–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100024a003.

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14

Persad, Geeta G., Yi Ming, and V. Ramaswamy. "Tropical Tropospheric-Only Responses to Absorbing Aerosols." Journal of Climate 25, no. 7 (2012): 2471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00122.1.

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Abstract Absorbing aerosols affect the earth’s climate through direct radiative heating of the troposphere. This study analyzes the tropical tropospheric-only response to a globally uniform increase in black carbon, simulated with an atmospheric general circulation model, to gain insight into the interactions that determine the radiative flux perturbation. Over the convective regions, heating in the free troposphere hinders the vertical development of deep cumulus clouds, resulting in the detrainment of more cloudy air into the large-scale environment and stronger cloud reflection. A different

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15

Riuttanen, Laura, Marja Bister, Veli-Matti Kerminen, et al. "Observational evidence for aerosols increasing upper tropospheric humidity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 22 (2016): 14331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14331-2016.

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Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions are the largest source of uncertainty in the radiative forcing of the global climate. A phenomenon not included in the estimates of the total net forcing is the potential increase in upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) by anthropogenic aerosols via changes in the microphysics of deep convection. Using remote sensing data over the ocean east of China in summer, we show that increased aerosol loads are associated with an UTH increase of 2.2 ± 1.5 in units of relative humidity. We show that humidification of aerosols or other meteorological covariation is very u

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16

Tilmes, S., J. F. Lamarque, L. K. Emmons, et al. "Description and evaluation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2)." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 5 (2015): 1395–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1395-2015.

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Abstract. The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), version 5, is now coupled to extensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, called CAM5-chem, and is available in addition to CAM4-chem in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2. The main focus of this paper is to compare the performance of configurations with internally derived "free running" (FR) meteorology and "specified dynamics" (SD) against observations from surface, aircraft, and satellite, as well as understand the origin of the identified differences. We focus on the representation of aerosols and chemistry. All model

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17

Bister, M., and M. Kulmala. "Anthropogenic aerosols may have increased upper tropospheric humidity in the 20th century." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 10 (2010): 23381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-23381-2010.

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Abstract. Recent simulations of deep convection with a spectral microphysics cloud model show that an increase in aerosol concentration can have a significant effect on the nature of convection with more ice precipitation and less warm rain in polluted air. The cloud lifetime and the area covered by cloud anvils of deep convection are also larger in polluted air. Therefore, it is possible that the increase of anthropogenic aerosols in most of the 20th century has increased humidity and perhaps also cloudiness in the mid- to upper troposphere. Satellite data of upper tropospheric relative humid

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18

Bister, M., and M. Kulmala. "Anthropogenic aerosols may have increased upper tropospheric humidity in the 20th century." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 9 (2011): 4577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4577-2011.

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Abstract. Recent simulations of deep convection with a spectral microphysics cloud model show that an increase in aerosol concentration can have a significant effect on the nature of convection with more ice precipitation and less warm rain in polluted air. The cloud lifetime and the area covered by cloud anvils of deep convection are also larger for polluted air. Therefore, it is possible that the increase of anthropogenic aerosols in most of the 20th century has increased humidity and perhaps also cloudiness in the mid- to upper troposphere. Satellite data of upper tropospheric relative humi

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19

Ekman, A. M. L., C. Wang, J. Wilson, and J. Ström. "Explicit simulations of aerosol physics in a cloud-resolving model: a sensitivity study based on an observed convective cloud." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 3 (2004): 773–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-773-2004.

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Abstract. The role of convection in introducing aerosols and promoting the formation of new particles to the upper troposphere has been examined using a cloud-resolving model coupled with an interactive explicit aerosol module. A baseline simulation suggests good agreement in the upper troposphere between modeled and observed results including concentrations of aerosols in different size ranges, mole fractions of key chemical species, and concentrations of ice particles. In addition, a set of 34 sensitivity simulations has been carried out to investigate the sensitivity of modeled results to t

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20

Vernier, J. P., J. P. Pommereau, L. W. Thomason, et al. "Overshooting of clean tropospheric air in the tropical lower stratosphere as seen by the CALIPSO lidar." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 1 (2011): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-163-2011.

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Abstract. The evolution of aerosols in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere between June 2006 and October 2009 is examined using the observations of the space borne CALIOP lidar aboard the CALIPSO satellite. Superimposed on several volcanic plumes and soot from an extreme biomass-burning event in 2009, the measurements reveal the existence of fast cleansing episodes of the lower stratosphere to altitudes as high as 20 km. The cleansing of the full 14–20 km layer takes place within 1–4 months. Its coincidence with the maximum of convective activity in the southern tropics, suggests

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21

Wang, J., Y. N. Lee, P. H. Daum, J. Jayne, and M. L. Alexander. "Effects of aerosol organics on cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentration and first indirect aerosol effect." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (2008): 9783–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-9783-2008.

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Abstract. Aerosol microphysics, chemical composition, and CCN properties were measured on the Department of Energy Gulfstream-1 aircraft during the Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE) conducted over the coastal waters between Point Reyes National Seashore and Monterey Bay, California, in July 2005. Aerosols measured during MASE included free tropospheric aerosols, marine boundary layer aerosols, and aerosols with high organic concentration within a thin layer above the cloud. Closure analysis was carried out for all three types of aerosols by comparing the measured CCN concentration

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Zobrist, B., C. Marcolli, D. A. Pedernera, and T. Koop. "Do atmospheric aerosols form glasses?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 17 (2008): 5221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5221-2008.

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Abstract. A new process is presented by which water soluble organics might influence ice nucleation, ice growth, chemical reactions and water uptake of aerosols in the upper troposphere: the formation of glassy aerosol particles. Glasses are disordered amorphous (non-crystalline) solids that form when a liquid is cooled without crystallization until the viscosity increases exponentially and molecular diffusion practically ceases. The glass transition temperatures, Tg, homogeneous ice nucleation temperatures, Thom, and ice melting temperatures, Tm, of various aqueous inorganic, organic and mult

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Zobrist, B., C. Marcolli, D. A. Pedernera, and T. Koop. "Do atmospheric aerosols form glasses?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (2008): 9263–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-9263-2008.

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Abstract. A new process is presented by which water-soluble organics might influence ice nucleation, ice growth, chemical reactions and water uptake of aerosols in the upper troposphere: the formation of glassy aerosol particles. Glasses are disordered amorphous (non-crystalline) solids that form when a liquid is cooled without crystallization until the viscosity increases exponentially and molecular diffusion practically ceases. The glass transition temperatures, Tg, homogeneous ice nucleation temperatures, Thom, and ice melting temperatures, Tm, of various aqueous inorganic, organic and mult

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24

Bauer, S. E., D. Koch, N. Unger, S. M. Metzger, D. T. Shindell, and D. G. Streets. "Nitrate aerosols today and in 2030: a global simulation including aerosols and tropospheric ozone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 19 (2007): 5043–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5043-2007.

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Abstract. Nitrate aerosols are expected to become more important in the future atmosphere due to the expected increase in nitrate precursor emissions and the decline of ammonium-sulphate aerosols in wide regions of this planet. The GISS climate model is used in this study, including atmospheric gas- and aerosol phase chemistry to investigate current and future (2030, following the SRES A1B emission scenario) atmospheric compositions. A set of sensitivity experiments was carried out to quantify the individual impact of emission- and physical climate change on nitrate aerosol formation. We found

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25

Peng, Chao, Yu Wang, Zhijun Wu, et al. "Tropospheric aerosol hygroscopicity in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 22 (2020): 13877–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13877-2020.

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Abstract. Hygroscopicity largely determines phase state, chemical reactivity, optical properties, and cloud nucleation activities of aerosol particles, thus significantly affecting their impacts on visibility, atmospheric chemistry, and climate. In the last 20 years, a large number of field studies have investigated the hygroscopicity of tropospheric aerosols in China under subsaturated and supersaturated conditions. Aerosol hygroscopicity measurements in China are reviewed in this paper: (1) a comprehensive summary and critical discussion of aerosol hygroscopicity measurements in China are pr

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26

Volkamer, R., S. Baidar, T. L. Campos, et al. "Aircraft measurements of BrO, IO, glyoxal, NO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, O<sub>2</sub>–O<sub>2</sub> and aerosol extinction profiles in the tropics: comparison with aircraft-/ship-based in situ and lidar measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 5 (2015): 2121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2121-2015.

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Abstract. Tropospheric chemistry of halogens and organic carbon over tropical oceans modifies ozone and atmospheric aerosols, yet atmospheric models remain largely untested for lack of vertically resolved measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO), iodine monoxide (IO) and small oxygenated hydrocarbons like glyoxal (CHOCHO) in the tropical troposphere. BrO, IO, glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O) and O2–O2 collision complexes (O4) were measured by the University of Colorado Airborne Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU AMAX-DOAS) instrument, aerosol extinction

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27

Nozière, B., P. Dziedzic, and A. Córdova. "Common inorganic ions are efficient catalysts for organic reactions in atmospheric aerosols and other natural environments." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (2009): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-1-2009.

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Abstract. In this work, inorganic ammonium ions, NH4+, and carbonate ions, CO32−, are reported for the first time as catalysts for organic reactions in atmospheric aerosols and other natural environments at the Earth's surface. These reactions include the formation of C–C and C–O bonds by aldol condensation and acetal formation, and reveal a new aspect of the interactions between organic and inorganic materials in natural environments. The catalytic properties of inorganic ammonium ions, in particular, were not previously known in chemistry. The reactions were found to be as fast in tropospher

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28

Wang, J., Y. N. Lee, P. H. Daum, J. Jayne, and M. L. Alexander. "Effects of aerosol organics on cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentration and first indirect aerosol effect." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 21 (2008): 6325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6325-2008.

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Abstract. Aerosol microphysics, chemical composition, and CCN properties were measured on the Department of Energy Gulfstream-1 aircraft during the Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE) conducted over the coastal waters between Point Reyes National Seashore and Monterey Bay, California, in July 2005. Aerosols measured during MASE included free tropospheric aerosols, marine boundary layer aerosols, and aerosols with high organic concentration within a thin layer above the cloud. Closure analysis was carried out for all three types of aerosols by comparing the measured CCN concentration

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29

Ekman, A. M. L., C. Wang, J. Wilson, and J. Ström. "Explicit simulation of aerosol physics in a cloud-resolving model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 1 (2004): 753–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-753-2004.

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Abstract. The role of convection in introducing aerosols and promoting the formation of new particles to the upper troposphere has been examined using a cloud-resolving model coupled with an interactive explicit aerosol module. A baseline simulation suggests good agreement in the upper troposphere between modeled and observed results including concentrations of aerosols in different size ranges, mole fractions of key chemical species, and concentrations of ice particles. In addition, a set of 34 sensitivity simulations has been carried out to investigate the sensitivity of modeled results to t

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30

Anderson, Theodore L., Robert J. Charlson, David M. Winker, John A. Ogren, and Kim Holmén. "Mesoscale Variations of Tropospheric Aerosols*." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 60, no. 1 (2003): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0119:mvota>2.0.co;2.

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Palancar, G. G., B. L. Lefer, S. R. Hall, et al. "Effect of aerosols and NO<sub>2</sub> concentration on ultraviolet actinic flux near Mexico City during MILAGRO: measurements and model calculations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 8 (2012): 19243–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-19243-2012.

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Abstract. Urban air pollution absorbs and scatters solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus has a potentially large effect on tropospheric photochemical rates. We present the first detailed comparison between UV actinic fluxes (AF) measured in highly polluted conditions and simulated with the Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) model. Measurements were made during the MILAGRO campaign near Mexico City in March 2006, at a ground-based station near Mexico City (the T1 supersite) and from the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft. At the surface, measured AF values are typically smaller than the model by

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Palancar, G. G., B. L. Lefer, S. R. Hall, et al. "Effect of aerosols and NO<sub>2</sub> concentration on ultraviolet actinic flux near Mexico City during MILAGRO: measurements and model calculations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 2 (2013): 1011–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1011-2013.

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Abstract. Urban air pollution absorbs and scatters solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus has a potentially large effect on tropospheric photochemical rates. We present the first detailed comparison between actinic fluxes (AF) in the wavelength range 330–420 nm measured in highly polluted conditions and simulated with the Tropospheric Ultraviolet-Visible (TUV) model. Measurements were made during the MILAGRO campaign near Mexico City in March 2006, at a ground-based station near Mexico City (the T1 supersite) and from the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft. At the surface, measured AF values are typi

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Mao, J., S. Fan, D. J. Jacob, and K. R. Travis. "Radical loss in the atmosphere from Cu-Fe redox coupling in aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 2 (2013): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-509-2013.

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Abstract. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is a major precursor of OH and tropospheric ozone. OH is the main atmospheric oxidant, while tropospheric ozone is an important surface pollutant and greenhouse gas. Standard gas-phase models for atmospheric chemistry tend to overestimate observed HO2 concentrations, and this has been tentatively attributed to heterogeneous uptake by aerosol particles. It is generally assumed that HO2 uptake by aerosol involves conversion to H2O2, but this is of limited efficacy as an HO2 sink because H2O2 can photolyze to regenerate OH and from there HO2. Joint atmosph

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Vernier, J. P., J. P. Pommereau, L. W. Thomason, et al. "Overshooting of clean tropospheric air in the tropical lower stratosphere as seen by the CALIPSO lidar." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 18 (2011): 9683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9683-2011.

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Abstract. The evolution of aerosols in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere between June 2006 and October 2009 is examined using the observations of the space borne CALIOP lidar aboard the CALIPSO satellite. Superimposed on several volcanic plumes and soot from an extreme biomass-burning event in 2009, the measurements reveal the existence of fast-cleansing episodes in the lower stratosphere to altitudes as high as 20 km. The cleansing of the layer, which extends from 14 to 20 km, takes place within 1 to 4 months during the southern tropics convective season that transports aeroso

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Faïn, X., D. Obrist, A. G. Hallar, I. Mccubbin, and T. Rahn. "High levels of reactive gaseous mercury observed at a high elevation research laboratory in the Rocky Mountains." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 20 (2009): 8049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8049-2009.

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Abstract. The chemical cycling and spatiotemporal distribution of mercury in the troposphere is poorly understood. We measured gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (HgP) along with carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), aerosols, and meteorological variables at Storm Peak Laboratory at an elevation of 3200 m a.s.l., in Colorado, from 28 April to 1 July 2008. The mean mercury concentrations were 1.6 ng m−3 (GEM), 20 pg m−3 (RGM) and 9 pg m−3 (HgP). We observed eight events of strongly enhanced atmospheric RGM levels with maximum concentrations up to

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Jiang, Zhihong, Fei Huo, Hongyun Ma, Jie Song, and Aiguo Dai. "Impact of Chinese Urbanization and Aerosol Emissions on the East Asian Summer Monsoon." Journal of Climate 30, no. 3 (2017): 1019–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0593.1.

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Abstract Impacts of urbanization and anthropogenic aerosols in China on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are investigated using version 5.1 of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5.1) by comparing simulations with and without incorporating urban land cover and/or anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Results show that the increase of urban land cover causes large surface warming and an urban frictional drag, both leading to a northeasterly wind anomaly in the lower troposphere over eastern China (EC). This weakens the southerly winds associated with the EASM and causes a convergence anomaly in s

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Visioni, Daniele, Giovanni Pitari, Valentina Aquila, et al. "Sulfate geoengineering impact on methane transport and lifetime: results from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 18 (2017): 11209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11209-2017.

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Abstract. Sulfate geoengineering (SG), made by sustained injection of SO2 in the tropical lower stratosphere, may impact the CH4 abundance through several photochemical mechanisms affecting tropospheric OH and hence the methane lifetime. (a) The reflection of incoming solar radiation increases the planetary albedo and cools the surface, with a tropospheric H2O decrease. (b) The tropospheric UV budget is upset by the additional aerosol scattering and stratospheric ozone changes: the net effect is meridionally not uniform, with a net decrease in the tropics, thus producing less tropospheric O(1D

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Bauer, S. E., D. Koch, N. Unger, S. M. Metzger, D. T. Shindell, and D. G. Streets. "Nitrate aerosols today and in 2030: importance relative to other aerosol species and tropospheric ozone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 2 (2007): 5553–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-5553-2007.

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Abstract. Ammonium-nitrate aerosols are expected to become more important in the future atmosphere due to the expected increase in nitrate precursor emissions and the decline of ammonium-sulphate aerosols in wide regions of this planet. The GISS climate model is used in this study, including atmospheric gas- and aerosol phase chemistry to investigate current and future (2030, following the SRES A1B emission scenario) atmospheric compositions. A set of sensitivity experiments was carried out to quantify the individual impact of emission- and physical climate change on nitrate aerosol formation.

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van Noije, T. P. C., P. Le Sager, A. J. Segers, et al. "Simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols with the climate model EC-Earth." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 5 (2014): 2435–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2435-2014.

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Abstract. We have integrated the atmospheric chemistry and transport model TM5 into the global climate model EC-Earth version 2.4. We present an overview of the TM5 model and the two-way data exchange between TM5 and the IFS model from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the atmospheric general circulation model of EC-Earth. In this paper we evaluate the simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in a one-way coupled configuration. We have carried out a decadal simulation for present-day conditions and calculated chemical budgets and climatologies of tracer c

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van Noije, T. P. C., P. Le Sager, A. J. Segers, P. F. J. van Velthoven, M. C. Krol, and W. Hazeleger. "Simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols with the climate model EC-Earth." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 2 (2014): 1933–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-1933-2014.

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Abstract. We have integrated the atmospheric chemistry and transport model TM5 into the global climate model EC-Earth version 2.4. We present an overview of the TM5 model and the two-way data exchange between TM5 and the integrated forecasting system (IFS) model from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the atmospheric general circulation model of EC-Earth. In this paper we evaluate the simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in a one-way coupled configuration. We have carried out a decadal simulation for present-day conditions and calculated chemical budge

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Jégou, F., G. Berthet, C. Brogniez, et al. "Stratospheric aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption in the 2009 Arctic summer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 2 (2013): 3613–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-3613-2013.

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Abstract. Aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption (Kuril Islands, northeast of Japan) were observed in the Arctic lower stratosphere a few days after the strongest SO2 injection which occurred on 15 and 16 June 2009. From the observations provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) an estimated 0.9 Tg of sulphur dioxide was injected into the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS). The resultant stratospheric sulphate aerosols were detected by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) limb sounder and by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Ortho

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Xu, Y., and S. P. Xie. "Ocean mediation of tropospheric response to reflecting and absorbing aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 4 (2015): 5537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-5537-2015.

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Abstract. Radiative forcing by reflecting (e.g., sulfate, SO4) and absorbing (e.g., black carbon, BC) aerosols is distinct: the former cools the planet by reducing solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere and the surface, without largely affecting the atmospheric column, while the latter heats the atmosphere directly. Despite the fundamental difference in forcing, here we show that the structure of the tropospheric response is remarkably similar between the two types of aerosols, featuring a deep vertical structure of temperature change (of opposite sign) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mi

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Xu, Y., and S. P. Xie. "Ocean mediation of tropospheric response to reflecting and absorbing aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 10 (2015): 5827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5827-2015.

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Abstract. Radiative forcing by reflecting (e.g., sulfate, SO4) and absorbing (e.g., black carbon, BC) aerosols is distinct: the former cools the planet by reducing solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere and the surface, without largely affecting the atmospheric column, while the latter heats the atmosphere directly. Despite the fundamental difference in forcing, here we show that the structure of the tropospheric response is remarkably similar between the two types of aerosols, featuring a deep vertical structure of temperature change (of opposite sign) at the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mi

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Mao, J., S. Fan, D. J. Jacob, and K. R. Travis. "Radical loss in the atmosphere from Cu-Fe redox coupling in aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 10 (2012): 27053–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-27053-2012.

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Abstract. The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is a major precursor of OH and tropospheric ozone. OH is the main atmospheric oxidant, while tropospheric ozone is an important surface pollutant and greenhouse gas. Standard gas-phase models for atmospheric chemistry tend to overestimate observed HO2 concentrations, and this has been tentatively attributed to heterogeneous uptake by aerosol particles. It is generally assumed that HO2 uptake by aerosol involve conversion to H2O2, but this is of limited efficacy as an HO2 sink because H2O2 can photolyze to regenerate OH and from there HO2. Joint atmosphe

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Elina, Giannakaki, Anne Pfüller, Kimmo Korhonen, et al. "Free Tropospheric Aerosols Over South Africa." EPJ Web of Conferences 119 (2016): 23015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611923015.

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PANDIS, S. N., A. S. WEXLER, and J. H. SEINFELD. "ChemInform Abstract: Dynamics of Tropospheric Aerosols." ChemInform 26, no. 41 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199541309.

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Metzig, G. "Extinction coefficient measurements of tropospheric aerosols." Journal of Aerosol Science 19, no. 7 (1988): 1179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(88)90130-9.

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Vlemmix, T., A. J. M. Piters, A. J. C. Berkhout, L. F. L. Gast, P. Wang, and P. F. Levelt. "Ability of the MAX-DOAS method to derive profile information for NO<sub>2</sub>: can the boundary layer and free troposphere be separated?" Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 12 (2011): 2659–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2659-2011.

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Abstract. Multiple Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments can measure from the ground the absorption by nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of scattered sunlight seen in multiple viewing directions. This paper studies the potential of this technique to derive the vertical distribution of NO2 in the troposphere. Such profile information is essential for detailed comparisons of MAX-DOAS retrievals with other measurement techniques for NO2, e.g. with a lidar or from space. The retrieval algorithm used is based on a pre-calculated look-up table and assumes homogeneous mixing o

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Vlemmix, T., A. J. M. Piters, P. Stammes, P. Wang, and P. F. Levelt. "Retrieval of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> using the MAX-DOAS method combined with relative intensity measurements for aerosol correction." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 3, no. 5 (2010): 1287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1287-2010.

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Abstract. Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is a technique to measure trace gas amounts in the lower troposphere from ground-based scattered sunlight observations. MAX-DOAS observations are especially suitable for validation of tropospheric trace gas observations from satellite, since they have a representative range of several kilometers, both in the horizontal and in the vertical dimension. A two-step retrieval scheme is presented here, to derive aerosol corrected tropospheric NO2 columns from MAX-DOAS observations. In a first step, boundary layer aerosols, c

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Vlemmix, T., A. J. M. Piters, P. Stammes, P. Wang, and P. F. Levelt. "Retrieval of tropospheric NO2</sub> using the MAX-DOAS method combined with relative intensity measurements for aerosol correction." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 3 (2010): 2317–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-2317-2010.

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Abstract. Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is a technique to measure trace gas amounts in the lower troposphere from ground-based scattered sunlight observations. MAX-DOAS observations are especially suitable for validation of tropospheric trace gas observations from satellite, since they have a representative range of several kilometers, both in the horizontal and in the vertical dimension. A two-step retrieval scheme is presented here, to derive aerosol corrected tropospheric NO2 columns from MAX-DOAS observations. In a first step, boundary layer aerosols, c

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