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Journal articles on the topic 'Tropospheric planetary waves'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Grise, Kevin M., and David W. J. Thompson. "On the Signatures of Equatorial and Extratropical Wave Forcing in Tropical Tropopause Layer Temperatures." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 4 (2013): 1084–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0163.1.

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Abstract Temperatures in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) play an important role in stratosphere–troposphere exchange and in the formation and maintenance of thin cirrus clouds. Many previous studies have examined the contributions of extratropical and equatorial waves to the TTL using coarse-vertical-resolution satellite and reanalysis data. In this study, the authors provide new insight into the role of extratropical and equatorial waves in the TTL using high-vertical-resolution GPS radio occultation data. The results examine the influence of four different wave forcings on the TTL: extra

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2

Sun, Lantao, Walter A. Robinson, and Gang Chen. "The Role of Planetary Waves in the Downward Influence of Stratospheric Final Warming Events." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 12 (2011): 2826–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-014.1.

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Abstract Stratospheric final warming events are simulated in an idealized atmospheric model by imposing a winter-to-summer transition in radiative equilibrium temperature only in the stratosphere. Large ensembles of events are simulated with different strengths of topographic forcing. It is found that the dates of final warmings become earlier and their downward influence on the troposphere becomes stronger for greater topographic amplitudes. This result is similar to observed differences between the downward influence of the final warming in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The mechanis

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3

Niranjan Kumar, K., D. V. Phanikumar, T. B. M. J. Ouarda, M. Rajeevan, M. Naja, and K. K. Shukla. "Modulation of surface meteorological parameters by extratropical planetary-scale Rossby waves." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 1 (2016): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-123-2016.

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Abstract. This study examines the link between upper-tropospheric planetary-scale Rossby waves and surface meteorological parameters based on the observations made in association with the Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment (GVAX) campaign at an extratropical site at Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital (29.45° N, 79.5° E) during November–December 2011. The spectral analysis of the tropospheric wind field from radiosonde measurements indicates a predominance power of around 8 days in the upper troposphere during the observational period. An analysis of the 200 hPa mer

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4

Nikulin, G., and F. Lott. "On the time-scales of the downward propagation and of the tropospheric planetary wave response to the stratospheric circulation." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 2 (2010): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-339-2010.

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Abstract. Three datasets (the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, the ERA-40 reanalysis and the LMDz-GCM), are used to analyze the relationships between large-scale dynamics of the stratosphere and the tropospheric planetary waves during the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. First, a cross-spectral analysis clarifies the time scales at which downward propagation of stratospheric anomalies occurs in the low-frequency band (that is at periods longer than 50 days). At these periods the strength of the polar vortex, measured by the 20-hPa Northern Annular Mode (NAM) index and the wave activity flux, measured by

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5

Duffy, Dean G. "Transient Stratospheric Planetary Waves Generated by Tropospheric Forcing." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 52, no. 17 (1995): 3109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<3109:tspwgb>2.0.co;2.

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6

Chen, Gang, and Lantao Sun. "Mechanisms of the Tropical Upwelling Branch of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation: The Role of Extratropical Waves." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 12 (2011): 2878–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-044.1.

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Abstract The role of extratropical waves in the tropical upwelling branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation is investigated in an idealized model of the stratosphere and troposphere. To simulate different stratospheric seasonal cycles of planetary waves in the two hemispheres, seasonally varying radiative heating is imposed only in the stratosphere, and surface topographic forcing is prescribed only in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). A zonally symmetric version of the same model is used to diagnose the effects of different wavenumbers and different regions of the total forcing on tropical stratos

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7

Perlwitz, Judith, and Nili Harnik. "Downward Coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere: The Relative Roles of Wave and Zonal Mean Processes*." Journal of Climate 17, no. 24 (2004): 4902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-3247.1.

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Abstract Wave and zonal mean features of the downward dynamic coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere are compared by applying a time-lagged singular value decomposition analysis to Northern Hemisphere height fields decomposed into zonal mean and its deviations. It is found that both zonal and wave components contribute to the downward interaction, with zonal wave 1 (due to reflection) dominating on the short time scale (up to 12 days) and the zonal mean (due to wave–mean-flow interaction) dominating on the longer time scale. It is further shown that the two processes dominate during

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8

Takaya, Koutarou, and Hisashi Nakamura. "Interannual Variability of the East Asian Winter Monsoon and Related Modulations of the Planetary Waves." Journal of Climate 26, no. 23 (2013): 9445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00842.1.

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Interannual variability of the East Asian winter monsoon is investigated through composite analysis applied to observational data for 50 recent years. Although the monsoon activity itself is confined into the lower troposphere, its midwinter variability tends to accompany upper-tropospheric geopotential height anomalies similar to the Eurasian (EU) and western Pacific (WP) teleconnection patterns. The “EU-like” pattern is characterized by a wavy signature over the Eurasian continent and the North Atlantic, with surface temperature anomalies over the Far East and North America. In the “WP-like”

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9

Xie, Jincai, Jinggao Hu, Haiming Xu, Shuai Liu, and Huan He. "Dynamic Diagnosis of Stratospheric Sudden Warming Event in the Boreal Winter of 2018 and Its Possible Impact on Weather over North America." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050438.

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In the winter of 2018, a major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event occurred in the Northern Hemisphere. This study performs a dynamic diagnosis on this 2018 SSW event and analyzes its possible impact on the weather over North America. The result shows that the ridge over Alaska in the mid-troposphere and the trough over the northeastern North America are the prominent tropospheric precursory signals before the occurrence of this SSW event. The signals appear 10 days before the SSW, which greatly enhances the propagation of the planetary wavenumber 2 from the troposphere to the extratropic

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10

Chen, Quanliang, Luyang Xu, and Hongke Cai. "Impact of Stratospheric Sudden Warming on East Asian Winter Monsoons." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/640912.

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Fifty-two Stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events that occurred from 1957 to 2002 were analyzed based on the 40-year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis dataset. Those that could descent to the troposphere were composited to investigate their impacts on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). It reveals that when the SSW occurs, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) are both in the negative phase and that the tropospheric circulation is quite wave-like. The Siberian high and the Aleutian low are both strengthened, leading to an increased

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11

White, Ian P., Chaim I. Garfinkel, Edwin P. Gerber, Martin Jucker, Peter Hitchcock, and Jian Rao. "The Generic Nature of the Tropospheric Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings." Journal of Climate 33, no. 13 (2020): 5589–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0697.1.

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AbstractThe tropospheric response to midwinter sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) is examined using an idealized model. SSW events are triggered by imposing high-latitude stratospheric heating perturbations of varying magnitude for only a few days, spun off from a free-running control integration (CTRL). The evolution of the thermally triggered SSWs is then compared with naturally occurring SSWs identified in CTRL. By applying a heating perturbation, with no modification to the momentum budget, it is possible to isolate the tropospheric response directly attributable to a change in the strat

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12

Sun, Lantao, Walter A. Robinson, and Gang Chen. "The Predictability of Stratospheric Warming Events: More from the Troposphere or the Stratosphere?" Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 2 (2012): 768–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0144.1.

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Abstract The roles of the stratosphere and the troposphere in determining the predictability of stratospheric final warming and sudden warming events are evaluated in an idealized atmospheric model. For each stratospheric warming event simulated in the model, a number of forecast experiments are performed from 10 or 20 days prior to the warming onset with perturbations in the troposphere and in the stratosphere separately. It is found that the stratosphere affects predictions of warming onset primarily by providing the initial state of the zonal winds, while the tropospheric initial conditions

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13

Luo, Dehai, and Wenqi Zhang. "A Nonlinear Multiscale Theory of Atmospheric Blocking: Eastward and Upward Propagation and Energy Dispersion of Tropospheric Blocking Wave Packets." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 12 (2020): 4025–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0153.1.

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AbstractIn this paper, a nonlinear multiscale interaction model is used to examine how the planetary waves associated with eddy-driven blocking wave packets propagate through the troposphere in vertically varying weak baroclinic basic westerly winds (BWWs). Using this model, a new one-dimensional finite-amplitude local wave activity flux (WAF) is formulated, which consists of linear WAF related to linear group velocity and local eddy-induced WAF related to the modulus amplitude of blocking envelope amplitude and its zonal nonuniform phase. It is found that the local eddy-induced WAF reduces th

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14

Grise, Kevin M., and David W. J. Thompson. "Equatorial Planetary Waves and Their Signature in Atmospheric Variability." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 3 (2012): 857–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0123.1.

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Abstract Equatorial planetary waves are a fundamental component of the tropical climate system. Previous studies have examined their structure in the climatological-mean circulation, their role in the climatological-mean momentum balance of the tropics, and their contribution to the climatological-mean upwelling across the tropical tropopause. In this study, the authors focus on the contribution of the equatorial planetary waves to variability in the tropical circulation about its climatological-mean state. The equatorial planetary waves that dominate the climatological mean exhibit considerab

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15

Magnusdottir, Gudrun, and Peter H. Haynes. "Reflection of Planetary Waves in Three-Dimensional Tropospheric Flows." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 56, no. 4 (1999): 652–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0652:ropwit>2.0.co;2.

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16

Mayr, H. G., J. G. Mengel, E. R. Talaat, H. S. Porter, and K. L. Chan. "Modeling study of mesospheric planetary waves: genesis and characteristics." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 6 (2004): 1885–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1885-2004.

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Abstract. The Numerical Spectral Model (NSM) extends from the ground into the thermosphere and incorporates Hines' Doppler Spread Parameterization for small-scale gravity waves (GWs). In the present version of the model we account for a tropospheric heat source in the zonal mean (m=0), which reproduces qualitatively the observed zonal jets near the tropopause and the accompanying reversal in the latitudinal temperature variations. In the study presented here, we discuss the planetary waves (PWs) that are solely generated internally, i.e. without the explicit excitation sources related to tropo

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17

Lin, Pu, Qiang Fu, and Dennis L. Hartmann. "Impact of Tropical SST on Stratospheric Planetary Waves in the Southern Hemisphere." Journal of Climate 25, no. 14 (2012): 5030–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00378.1.

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Abstract The impact of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) on stratospheric planetary waves in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is investigated in austral spring using observed SST and reanalysis data for the past three decades. Maximum covariance analysis indicates that the tropical SST and the SH stratospheric planetary wave activity are primarily coupled through two modes. The leading two modes show the La Niña–like and the central-Pacific El Niño–like SST anomalies in their positive polarities, respectively, which each are related to enhanced stratospheric planetary wave activity. These two

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18

Orr, Andrew, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, J. Scott Hosking, et al. "Possible Dynamical Mechanisms for Southern Hemisphere Climate Change due to the Ozone Hole." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 10 (2012): 2917–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0210.1.

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Abstract The authors report a hypothesis for the dynamical mechanisms responsible for the strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere circumpolar winds from the lower stratosphere to the surface due to the ozone hole. A general circulation model forced by stratospheric ozone depletion representative of the ozone hole period successfully reproduced these observed changes. Investigation of the dynamical characteristics of the model therefore provides some insight into the actual mechanisms. From this the authors suggest the following: 1) An initial (radiative) strengthening of the lower-stratospher

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19

Newman, Paul A., and Eric R. Nash. "The Unusual Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere Winter of 2002." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 3 (2005): 614–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3323.1.

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Abstract The Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric winter of 2002 was the most unusual winter yet observed in the SH climate record. Temperatures near the edge of the Antarctic polar vortex were considerably warmer than normal over the entire course of the winter. The polar night jet was considerably weaker than normal and was displaced more poleward than has been observed in previous winters. These record high temperatures and weak jet resulted from a series of wave events that took place over the course of the winter. The propagation of these wave events from the troposphere is diagnosed fr

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20

Albers, John R., George N. Kiladis, Thomas Birner, and Juliana Dias. "Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Potential Vorticity Intrusions during Sudden Stratospheric Warmings." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 6 (2016): 2361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0238.1.

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Abstract The intrusion of lower-stratospheric extratropical potential vorticity into the tropical upper troposphere in the weeks surrounding the occurrence of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) is examined. The analysis reveals that SSW-related PV intrusions are significantly stronger, penetrate more deeply into the tropics, and exhibit distinct geographic distributions compared to their climatological counterparts. While climatological upper-tropospheric and lower-stratospheric (UTLS) PV intrusions are generally attributed to synoptic-scale Rossby wave breaking, it is found that SSW-related

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21

Boljka, Lina, and Thomas Birner. "Tropopause-level planetary wave source and its role in two-way troposphere–stratosphere coupling." Weather and Climate Dynamics 1, no. 2 (2020): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-555-2020.

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Abstract. Atmospheric planetary waves play a fundamental role in driving stratospheric dynamics, including sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. It is well established that the bulk of the planetary wave activity originates near the surface. However, recent studies have pointed to a planetary wave source near the tropopause that may play an important role in the development of SSWs. Here we analyze the dynamical origin of this wave source and its impact on stratosphere–troposphere coupling, using an idealized model and a quasi-reanalysis. It is shown that the tropopause-level planetary wa

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22

Gavrilov, N. M. "Parametrization of momentum and energy depositions from gravity waves generated by tropospheric hydrodynamic sources." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 12 (1997): 1570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-1570-4.

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Abstract. The mechanism of generation of internal gravity waves (IGW) by mesoscale turbulence in the troposphere is considered. The equations that describe the generation of waves by hydrodynamic sources of momentum, heat and mass are derived. Calculations of amplitudes, wave energy fluxes, turbulent viscosities, and accelerations of the mean flow caused by IGWs generated in the troposphere are made. A comparison of different mechanisms of turbulence production in the atmosphere by IGWs shows that the nonlinear destruction of a primary IGW into a spectrum of secondary waves may provide additio

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23

Shaman, Jeffrey, and Eli Tziperman. "The Superposition of Eastward and Westward Rossby Waves in Response to Localized Forcing." Journal of Climate 29, no. 20 (2016): 7547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0119.1.

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Abstract Rossby waves are a principal form of atmospheric communication between disparate parts of the climate system. These planetary waves are typically excited by diabatic or orographic forcing and can be subject to considerable downstream modification. Because of differences in wave properties, including vertical structure, phase speed, and group velocity, Rossby waves exhibit a wide range of behaviors. This study demonstrates the combined effects of eastward-propagating stationary barotropic Rossby waves and westward-propagating very-low-zonal-wavenumber stationary barotropic Rossby waves

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24

Scinocca, J. F., and P. H. Haynes. "Dynamical Forcing of Stratospheric Planetary Waves by Tropospheric Baroclinic Eddies." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 55, no. 14 (1998): 2361–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2361:dfospw>2.0.co;2.

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25

Sousasantos, Jonas, José Humberto Andrade Sobral, Esfhan Alam Kherani, Marcelo Magalhães Fares Saba, and Diovane Rodolfo de Campos. "Relationship between ionospheric plasma bubble occurrence and lightning strikes over the Amazon region." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 2 (2018): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-349-2018.

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Abstract. The vertical coupling between the troposphere and the ionosphere presents some remarkable features. Under intense tropospheric convection, gravity waves may be generated, and once they reach the ionosphere, these waves may seed instabilities and spread F and equatorial plasma bubble events may take place. Additionally, there is a close association between severe tropospheric convection and lightning strikes. In this work an investigation covering an equinox period (September–October) during the deep solar minimum (2009) presents the relation between lightning strike activity and spre

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26

Lubis, Sandro W., Katja Matthes, Nour-Eddine Omrani, Nili Harnik, and Sebastian Wahl. "Influence of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and Sea Surface Temperature Variability on Downward Wave Coupling in the Northern Hemisphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 5 (2016): 1943–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0072.1.

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Abstract Downward wave coupling occurs when an upward-propagating planetary wave from the troposphere decelerates the flow in the upper stratosphere and forms a downward reflecting surface that redirects waves back to the troposphere. To test this mechanism and potential factors influencing the downward wave coupling, three 145-yr sensitivity simulations with NCAR’s Community Earth System Model [CESM1(WACCM)], a state-of-the-art high-top chemistry–climate model, are analyzed. The results show that the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and SST variability significantly impact downward wave coupl

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27

Gerber, Edwin P. "Stratospheric versus Tropospheric Control of the Strength and Structure of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 9 (2012): 2857–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0341.1.

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Abstract The strength and structure of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) are explored in an idealized general circulation model. It is shown that diabatic forcing of the stratosphere and planetary wave forcing by the troposphere can have comparable effects on tracer transport through the stratosphere, as quantified by the mean age of air and age spectrum. Their impact, however, is mediated through different controls on the mass circulation. Planetary waves are modulated by changing surface topography. Increased wave forcing strengthens the circulation, particularly at lower levels. This is p

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28

Peters, D. H. W., P. Vargin, A. Gabriel, N. Tsvetkova, and V. Yushkov. "Tropospheric forcing of the boreal polar vortex splitting in January 2003." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 11 (2010): 2133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-2133-2010.

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Abstract. The dynamical evolution of the relatively warm stratospheric winter season 2002–2003 in the Northern Hemisphere was studied and compared with the cold winter 2004–2005 based on NCEP-Reanalyses. Record low temperatures were observed in the lower and middle stratosphere over the Arctic region only at the beginning of the 2002–2003 winter. Six sudden stratospheric warming events, including the major warming event with a splitting of the polar vortex in mid-January 2003, have been identified. This led to a very high vacillation of the zonal mean circulation and a weakening of the stratos

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29

Gavrilov, N. M., and S. Fukao. "Numerical and the MU radar estimations of gravity wave enhancement and turbulent ozone fluxes near the tropopause." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 11 (2004): 3889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3889-2004.

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Abstract. It is shown with a numerical simulation that a sharp increase in the vertical temperature gradient and Brunt-Väisälä frequency near the tropopause may produce an increase in the amplitudes of internal gravity waves (IGWs) propagating upward from the troposphere, wave breaking and generation of stronger turbulence. This may enhance the transport of admixtures between the troposphere and stratosphere in the middle latitudes. Turbulent diffusion coefficient calculated numerically and measured with the MU radar are of 1-10m2/s in different seasons in Shigaraki, Japan (35° N, 136° E). The

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Martineau, Patrick, and Seok-Woo Son. "Onset of Circulation Anomalies during Stratospheric Vortex Weakening Events: The Role of Planetary-Scale Waves." Journal of Climate 28, no. 18 (2015): 7347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00478.1.

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Abstract To highlight the details of stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling during the onset of strong polar vortex variability, this study identifies stratospheric vortex weakening (SVW) events by rapid deceleration of the polar vortex and performs composite budget analyses in the transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) framework on daily time scales. Consistent with previous work, a rapid deceleration of the polar vortex, followed by a rather slow recovery, is largely explained by conservative dynamics with nonnegligible contribution by nonconservative sinks of wave activity. During the onset o

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Gisinger, Sonja, Andreas Dörnbrack, Vivien Matthias, et al. "Atmospheric Conditions during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE)." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 10 (2017): 4249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0435.1.

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This paper describes the results of a comprehensive analysis of the atmospheric conditions during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) campaign in austral winter 2014. Different datasets and diagnostics are combined to characterize the background atmosphere from the troposphere to the upper mesosphere. How weather regimes and the atmospheric state compare to climatological conditions is reported upon and how they relate to the airborne and ground-based gravity wave observations is also explored. Key results of this study are the dominance of tropospheric blocking situations

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Scaife, A. A., and I. N. James. "Response of the stratosphere to interannual variability of tropospheric planetary waves." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 126, no. 562 (2000): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712656214.

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Xu, Mian, Wenshou Tian, Jiankai Zhang, Tao Wang, and Kai Qie. "Impact of Sea Ice Reduction in the Barents and Kara Seas on the Variation of the East Asian Trough in Late Winter." Journal of Climate 34, no. 3 (2021): 1081–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0205.1.

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AbstractUsing the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) dataset and the Specified Chemistry Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM-SC), the impacts of sea ice reduction in the Barents–Kara Seas (BKS) on the East Asian trough (EAT) in late winter are investigated. Results from both reanalysis data and simulations show that the BKS sea ice reduction leads to a deepened EAT in late winter, especially in February, while the EAT axis tilt is not sensitive to the BKS sea ice reduction. Further analysis shows that the BKS sea ice reductio

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34

Wrasse, C. M., T. Nakamura, H. Takahashi, et al. "Mesospheric gravity waves observed near equatorial and low–middle latitude stations: wave characteristics and reverse ray tracing results." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 12 (2006): 3229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-3229-2006.

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Abstract. Gravity wave signatures were extracted from OH airglow observations using all-sky CCD imagers at four different stations: Cachoeira Paulista (CP) (22.7° S, 45° W) and São João do Cariri (7.4° S, 36.5° W), Brazil; Tanjungsari (TJS) (6.9° S, 107.9° E), Indonesia and Shigaraki (34.9° N, 136° E), Japan. The gravity wave parameters are used as an input in a reverse ray tracing model to study the gravity wave vertical propagation trajectory and to estimate the wave source region. Gravity waves observed near the equator showed a shorter period and a larger phase velocity than those waves ob

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35

Lenouo, A., F. Nkankam Kamga, and E. Yepdjuo. "Weak interaction in the African Easterly Jet." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 5 (2005): 1637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-1637-2005.

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Abstract. Low-frequency, African Easterlies Waves (AEW) are examined as disturbances embedded in the mid-tropospheric easterly jet of the African low troposphere. The solution to the nonlinear vorticity equation relevant to the description of waves is sought in the form of triplet waves. The latest suggest a unified method to determine their kinetics characteristic and to explain the mechanism of energy exchange between their different modes. The period of energy interaction between different modes of the global wave is equal to 3.5 days when the wave packet is moving with a group velocity dep

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Roundy, Paul E. "Observed Structure of Convectively Coupled Waves as a Function of Equivalent Depth: Kelvin Waves and the Madden–Julian Oscillation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 7 (2012): 2097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-03.1.

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Abstract The view that convectively coupled Kelvin waves and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) are distinct modes is tested by regressing data from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis against satellite outgoing longwave radiation data filtered for particular zonal wavenumbers and frequencies by wavelet analysis. Results confirm that nearly dry Kelvin waves have horizontal structures consistent with their equatorial beta-plane shallow-water-theory counterparts, with westerly winds collocated with the lower-tropospheric ridge, while the MJO and signals along Kelvin wave dispersion curves at

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Liu, Y., C. X. Liu, H. P. Wang, et al. "Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (2008): 13633–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-13633-2008.

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Abstract. We use the stratospheric/tropospheric chemical transport model MOZART-3 to study the distribution and transport of stratospheric O3 during the exceptionally intense stratospheric sudden warming event observed in January 2004 in the Northern polar region. A comparison between observations by the MIPAS instrument on board the ENVISAT spacecraft and model simulations shows that the evolution of the polar vortex and of planetary waves during the warming event plays an important role in controlling the spatial distribution of stratospheric ozone and the downward ozone flux in the lower st

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Hitchcock, Peter, Theodore G. Shepherd, Masakazu Taguchi, Shigeo Yoden, and Shunsuke Noguchi. "Lower-Stratospheric Radiative Damping and Polar-Night Jet Oscillation Events." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 5 (2013): 1391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0193.1.

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Abstract The effect of stratospheric radiative damping time scales on stratospheric variability and on stratosphere–troposphere coupling is investigated in a simplified global circulation model by modifying the vertical profile of radiative damping in the stratosphere while holding it fixed in the troposphere. Perpetual-January conditions are imposed, with sinusoidal topography of zonal wavenumber 1 or 2. The depth and duration of the simulated sudden stratospheric warmings closely track the lower-stratospheric radiative time scales. Simulations with the most realistic profiles of radiative da

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Pogoreltsev, A. I., O. G. Aniskina, A. Y. Kanukhina, T. S. Ermakova, A. I. Ugryumov, and Y. V. Efimova. "Tropospheric circulation response to sudden stratospheric warming observed in January 2013." HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ECOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 60 (2020): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33933/2074-2762-2020-60-241-254.

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Analysis of the dynamical regime changes in the stratosphere during different phases of the Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) that has been observed in January 2013 is presented. The different mechanisms of SSW influence on the tropospheric circulation through the stationary planetary waves (SPWs) reflection and/or increase in SPWs activity due to nonlinear interaction with the mean flow and their subsequent propagation into the troposphere are discussed. Three-dimensional wave activity flux and its divergence are determined using the UK Met Office data; the synoptic situation and its changes

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Kennel, Charles F., and Elena Yulaeva. "Influence of Arctic sea-ice variability on Pacific trade winds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 6 (2020): 2824–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717707117.

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A conceptual model connecting seasonal loss of Arctic sea ice to midlatitude extreme weather events is applied to the 21st-century intensification of Central Pacific trade winds, emergence of Central Pacific El Nino events, and weakening of the North Pacific Aleutian Low Circulation. According to the model, Arctic Ocean warming following the summer sea-ice melt drives vertical convection that perturbs the upper troposphere. Static stability calculations show that upward convection occurs in annual 40- to 45-d episodes over the seasonally ice-free areas of the Beaufort-to-Kara Sea arc. The epis

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Li, Ying, and Ngar-Cheung Lau. "Influences of ENSO on Stratospheric Variability, and the Descent of Stratospheric Perturbations into the Lower Troposphere." Journal of Climate 26, no. 13 (2013): 4725–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00581.1.

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Abstract The linkage between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) through the stratospheric pathway is examined using a global coupled climate model [GFDL Climate Model version 3 (CM3)], with increased vertical resolution and extent in the stratosphere as compared to an earlier model [GFDL Climate Model version 2 (CM2)]. It is demonstrated that the relationship between ENSO and NAO is stronger in CM3 than in CM2. It is found that ENSO plays an important role in modulating the frequency of occurrence of the stratospheric polar vortex anomalies through enhance

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Adames, Ángel F., and John M. Wallace. "On the Tropical Atmospheric Signature of El Niño." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 6 (2017): 1923–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0309.1.

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Abstract The linear atmospheric signature of ENSO, obtained by regressing fields of geopotential height Z, wind, vertical velocity, and rainfall upon the Niño-3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) index, is partitioned into zonally symmetric and eddy components. The zonally symmetric component is thermally forced by the narrowing and intensification of the zonally averaged equatorial rain belt during El Niño and mechanically forced by the weakening of the upper-tropospheric equatorial stationary waves and their associated flux of wave activity. The eddy component of the ENSO signature is decompose

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Nicholson, S. E., A. I. Barcilon, and M. Challa. "An Analysis of West African Dynamics Using a Linearized GCM*." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 4 (2008): 1182–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2194.1.

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Abstract This study utilizes a linear, primitive equation spherical model to study the development and propagation of easterly wave disturbances over West Africa. Perturbations are started from an initial disturbance consisting of a barotropic vortex and the governing equations are integrated forward in time. The perturbations are introduced into basic states corresponding to the observed dynamical and thermodynamical characteristics of two wet years in the Sahel and two dry years. The model simulations show consistent contrasts in wave activity between the wet and dry years. The waves are mar

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Sjoberg, Jeremiah P., and Thomas Birner. "Transient Tropospheric Forcing of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 11 (2012): 3420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0195.1.

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Abstract The amplitude of upward-propagating tropospherically forced planetary waves is known to be of first-order importance in producing sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). This forcing amplitude is observed to undergo strong temporal fluctuations. Characteristics of the resulting transient forcing leading to SSWs are studied in reanalysis data and in highly truncated simple models of stratospheric wave–mean flow interaction. It is found in both the reanalysis data and the simple models that SSWs are preferentially generated by transient forcing of sufficiently long time scales (on the ord

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Yamazaki, Koji, Tetsu Nakamura, Jinro Ukita, and Kazuhira Hoshi. "A tropospheric pathway of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) impact on the boreal winter polar vortex." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 8 (2020): 5111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5111-2020.

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Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is quasi-periodic oscillation of the tropical zonal wind in the stratosphere. When the tropical lower stratospheric wind is easterly (westerly), the winter Northern Hemisphere (NH) stratospheric polar vortex tends to be weak (strong). This relation is known as the Holton–Tan relationship. Several mechanisms for this relationship have been proposed, especially linking the tropics with high latitudes through stratospheric pathway. Although QBO impacts on the troposphere have been extensively discussed, a tropospheric pathway of the Holton–Tan relati

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Huang, C. M., S. D. Zhang, and F. Yi. "Intensive radiosonde observations of the diurnal tide and planetary waves in the lower atmosphere over Yichang (111°18' E, 30°42' N), China." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 3 (2009): 1079–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1079-2009.

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Abstract. The characteristics of diurnal tide and planetary waves (PWs) in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (TLS) over Yichang (111°18' E, 30°42' N) were studied by using the data from intensive radiosonde observations in August 2006 (summer month) and January 2007 (winter month) on an eight-times-daily basis. The radiosonde observations of the diurnal tide and PWs in the TLS in the mid-latitudes have seldom been reported. We find that there exists dominant diurnal oscillations in the TLS over Yichang. The observed diurnal tide consists of significant nonmigrating components, which may b

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Ando, Yuta, Koji Yamazaki, Yoshihiro Tachibana, Masayo Ogi, and Jinro Ukita. "Detection of a climatological short break in the polar night jet in early winter and its relation to cooling over Siberia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 17 (2018): 12639–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12639-2018.

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Abstract. The polar night jet (PNJ) is a strong stratospheric westerly circumpolar wind at around 65∘ N in winter, and the strength of the climatological PNJ is widely recognized to increase from October through late December. Remarkably, the climatological PNJ temporarily stops increasing during late November. We examined this “short break” in terms of the atmospheric dynamical balance and the climatological seasonal march. We found that it results from an increase in the upward propagation of climatological planetary waves from the troposphere to the stratosphere in late November, which coin

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Thomas, L., R. M. Worthington, and A. J. McDonald. "Inertia-gravity waves in the troposphere and lower stratosphere associated with a jet stream exit region." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 1 (1999): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0115-4.

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Abstract. Radar measurements at Aberystwyth (52.4° N, 4.1° W) of winds at tropospheric and lower stratospheric heights are shown for 12-13 March 1994 in a region of highly curved flow, downstream of the jet maximum. The perturbations of horizontal velocity have comparable amplitudes in the troposphere and lower stratosphere with downward and upward phase propagation, respectively, in these two height regions. The sense of rotation with increasing height in hodographs of horizontal perturbation velocity derived for hourly intervals show downwards propagation of energy in the troposphere and upw

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Harnik, Nili, Judith Perlwitz, and Tiffany A. Shaw. "Observed Decadal Changes in Downward Wave Coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere." Journal of Climate 24, no. 17 (2011): 4558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4118.1.

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Downward wave coupling dominates the intraseasonal dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere. The coupling occurs during late winter and spring when the stratospheric basic state forms a well-defined meridional waveguide, which is bounded above by a reflecting surface. This basic-state configuration is favorable for planetary wave reflection and guides the reflected waves back down to the troposphere, where they impact wave structures. In this study decadal changes in downward wave coupling are analyzed using the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis fo

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Son, Seok-Woo, Sukyoung Lee, and Steven B. Feldstein. "Intraseasonal Variability of the Zonal-Mean Extratropical Tropopause Height." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 2 (2007): 608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3855.1.

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Abstract The physical processes that drive the fluctuations of the extratropical tropopause height are examined with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis data. A composite zonal-mean heat budget analysis for the Northern Hemisphere winter shows that fluctuations in the extratropical tropopause height result not only from a warming of the troposphere but also from an even stronger cooling of the lower stratosphere. While the tropospheric warming is caused by a poleward eddy heat transport associated with baroclinic edd

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