Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trouble du rythme cardiaque'
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Faure, Bruno. "Troubles du rythme cardiaque en gériatrie : intérêt du Holter." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11134.
Full textNourrisson, Pascal. "La radiofréquence dans le traitement des troubles du rythme cardiaque." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11212.
Full textWalcker, Emmanuel. "Troubles du rythme et de la conduction imputables ou aggravés par un traitement à visée cardiaque." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11175.
Full textELKARRAZ, MUSTAPHA. "Les troubles du rythme cardiaque au cours de l'hyperparathyroidie primaire : a propos de 36 observations." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M065.
Full textLiu, Hui. "Implication deTRPM4 dans des troubles du rythme cardiaque." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10084.
Full textBy using reverse genetics, the causal mutation of a familial cardiac conduction block was localized to the long arm of chromosome 19 in 13.3. After screening 12 candidate genes, we found 3 different mutations in three independent families with isolated cardiac conduction block. The consequences of these 3 mutations were explored by electrophysiological studies. In all 3 mutations it was a gain of function. Then, a cohort of 248 patients with a Brugada syndrome was studied. Eleven mutations were found in the TRPM4 gene in 20 patients. The electrophysiological consequences of these mutations were diverse. Then, cohorts of patients with long QT syndrome, atrial fibrillation, and dilated cardiomyopathy were studied. We found also mutations or predisposing variants in these patients. An electrophysiology study should be conducted to understand the role of TRPM4 in these other pathologies. Finally, our immunohistochemical study showed that TRPM4 is highly expressed in the cardiac conduction system but also although with less intensity in common auricular and ventricular cardiomyocytes. This work implied for the first time the TRPM4 gene in human diseases. This work provides the basis to understand the role of the TRPM4 channel in cardiac function. This is a prerequisite to be able to develop novel therapies in the future
Roudaut-Laffort, Alexa. "Les neuroleptiques et les troubles du rythme et de la conduction cardiaque." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P068.
Full textLe, Quang Khai. "Troubles du rythme cardiaque dans les modèles murins transgéniques." Thèse, Nantes, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4903.
Full textCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world each year. If no action is taken to improve cardiovascular health and current trends continue, WHO estimates that 25% more healthy life years will be lost to cardiovascular disease globally by 2020. Cardiac hypertrophy is the consequence of an excessive workload of the heart muscle leading to cardiac remodeling process. As the workload increases, the ventricular walls grow thicker, lose elasticity and eventually may fail to pump with as much force as a healthy heart. Furthermore, hypertrophied myocardium is not physiologically normal and may confer a predisposition to potentially fatal arrhythmias. Generally, the causal mechanism is ventricular fibrillation, a cardiac rhythm disorder which is irreversible but the pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and poorly understood. The functional consequences of mutations or ionic remodeling are relatively simple to study in vitro, but their role in the pathophysiology of arrhythmias in vivo is more difficult to grasp. Among the different animal models developed in cardiac arrhythmias research, the mouse is increasingly used because of our ability to mutate, knock-out or over-express genes of interest. The objective of my thesis was to study the role of ion channels in physiology as well as cardiac pathophysiology, particularly in the involvement of the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in vivo. This thesis will improve our understanding of the role of genetic abnormalities involving ionic remodeling in the pathogenesis of the heart and may also open new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of cardiac remodeling as well as sudden cardiac death.
Thèse en cotutelle avec Université de Nantes - Pays de La Loire - France (2005-2010)
Jouven, Xavier. "Mortalité et troubles du rythme cardiaque dans la population." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T064.
Full textIn the population, cardiac arrhythrnias are associated with an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We used epidemiological anaysis toidentify predictors of cardiovascular mortality associated with isolated atrial fibrillation, and with premature ventricular depolarizations, and new risk factors for sudden death. Data were issued from the Paris Prospective Study I which included 7 746 middle-aged men (42 to 53 years) between 1967 and 1972, and their mortality was followed until January 1994. Isolated atrial fibrillation was associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality with a relative risk of 4. 31[2. 14-8. 68]. The occurrence of frequent premature ventricular depolarizations during exercise was associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality, with a relative tisk of 2. 53 [1. 65-3. 88], similar to that associated with a positive exercise test. A parental history of sudden death was a specific risk factor for the occurrence of sudden death, whereas diabetic status, high resting heart rate, and high plasma level of circulating non esterified fatty acids were independent risk factors for sudden death but not for fatal myocardial infarction. Athough further studies are required, some form of primary prevention may be considered
Potet, Franck. "Relations gène/fonction dans les canalopathies cardiaques." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112032.
Full textThe contractile function of the heart depends on the organization and on the electric activity of specialized muscular cells. This electric activity depends on the activity of a multitude of ionic channels responsible for various ionic currents. Genetic alteration of certain channels are responsible for cardiac arrhytmias leading to sudden death. Mutations of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A are responsible for the long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome and conduction disorders. In a recombinant expression system we showed that haploinsufficiency of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A is responsible for the conduction disorders. This haploinsufficiency, according to the affected family, can lead to progressive or not progressive conduction disorders. We also showed that an SCN5A mutation can lead in the same family either Brugada syndrome or conduction disorders. This mutation induces a loss of channel function. Mutations of the potassium channel KVLQT1 have been identified as responsible for both Romano-Ward (RW) and Jervell and Lange-Nielsen (JLN) inhereted long QT syndromes. Récessive JLN syndrome is associated with deafness. We showed that channel-complex KvLQT1/IsK regulation by the A kinase protein in a recombinant expression system requires the presence of an A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). By an approach of cell localization, we showed that in COS-7 cells the KVLQT1 isoform 2 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and exercises its negative dominance on the isoform 1 (channel isoform) by retention in the ER. We also show a correlation enter the conservation of the isoform 1 retention in the ER by the isoform 2 of KVLQT1 and the RW and JLN syndromes. Indeed, contrary to isoforme 2 RW mutations, isoformes 2 JLN mutations lost their capacity to retain the channel is form in the ER
Jarrige, Pierre. "Etude des variations de la fréquence cardiaque et des troubles du rythme cardiaque au cours du syndrome d'apnées du sommeil." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11336.
Full textThibaud, Catherine. "Les troubles du rythme cardiaque chez la femme enceinte : à propos de 14 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25295.
Full textCarré, François. "Analyse des troubles du rythme cardiaque spontanés et de la variabilité sinusale dans différents modèles d'hypertrophie cardiaque." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1B008.
Full textRestier, Lioara. "Caractérisation des troubles du rythme cardiaque héréditaires par analyse spatiotemporelle de l'ECG." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10262.
Full textVincent, Yohann. "Étude électrophysiologique de canalopathies d’origine génétique causant des troubles du rythme cardiaque." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10152/document.
Full textThe EA4612 unit of the University Lyon 1 focuses on the pathophysiology of heart rhythm disorders, especially hereditary. We studied ion channel gene mutations discovered in heterozygote patients with long QT syndrome or sinus bradycardia and atrial fibrillation.The R148W mutation of the hERG gene decreases the maximum current by 29%. In a mathematical model, this lengthens the duration of the ventricular action potential, which could account for long QT phenotype of the patients. The F627L mutation of the hERG gene is in the center of the ion selectivity filter (GFG) of the hERG protein. It causes a loss of the ionic selectivity of the current, the inactivating property and sensitivity to specific blockers. Thus, the presence of this aromatic group of the side chain seems to be essential to the maintenance of the channel properties. The mutation Q1476R in the SCN5A gene causes a gain-of-function of the persistent sodium current. In a model of human ventricular heart cells, we show an intracellular sodium overload that can protect against the lengthening of the duration of the ventricular action potential. The D600E mutation of the HCN4 gene accelerates deactivation, which could cause bradycardia. Moreover, the mutation abolishes the response to the suppression of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The V501M mutation of the HCN4 gene causes a total loss of current in the homozygous state. In the heterozygous state, the average amplitude of the current is unchanged from the WT. However, a negative shift of the activation curve would account for bradycardia in patients
Gluais, Pascale. "Prolongement de la repolarisation cardiaque d'origine iatrogène : étude électrophysiologique chez le lapin et chez l'homme et sur un modèle porcin d'insuffisance cardiaque." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2P012.
Full textShaikh, al arab Abeer. "Intérêt de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque comme marqueur de risque." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S005.
Full textThe heart rate variability (HRV) has arisen as a promising simple and non invasive biomarker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, through its effects on the heart. Multiple studies have shown that the decrease in the HRV is associated usually with poor prognosis. We proposed to further investigate the HRV in other domains of clinical application, including cardiac or extra-cardiac pathologies. In particular, the pathological contexts in which the ANS plays an important role :1-Traffic road accident (RTA) and the risk of development of post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in survivors.2-Effect of pain and of epidural analgesia on maternal HRV during childbirth.3-Genetic polymorphisms of beta adrenergic receptors (β-AR) in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for secondary prevention. At first, our study is the first to show that the temporal analysis of 24-h HRV is not only a predictive factor of the occurrence of PTSD but also its severity among victims of RTA AVP. The variability index was the best predictor of PTSD with the area under the receiver-operating curve for discriminating PTSD at 6 month at 0.92 (95% CI:0.785;1.046). Acut-off at 2.19% yielded a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 81.8% for PTSD. Positive and negative predictive values were respectively 75% and 90%. At next, we showed that the ANI, which reflects the influence of ventilation on heart rate, allows an objective measure of pain in conscious subjects? At last, we found that patients with the substitutions Arg (instead of Gly) at position 16 and Gln (instead of Glu) at position 27 for β2-AR have a lower HRV value than patients with wild type receptor
Fenot, Remi Aliot Etienne. "Ablation de la jonction auriculo-ventriculaire par courant de radiofréquence résultats à long terme à propos de 247 cas /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2001_FENOT_REMI.pdf.
Full textJacquir, Sabir. "Systèmes dynamiques non linéaires, de la biologie à l’électronique." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS028.
Full textThe FitzHugh-Nagumo model (FHN) is used to characterize a stimulation condition of a nervous fiber. An electrical circuit is then proposed to realize an unidirectional coupling between two cells, mimicking an inter-neuron synaptic coupling. In this configuration, we show experimentally how the coupling strength controls the dynamics of the slave neuron, leading to frequency locking, chaotic behavior and synchronization. The FHN model is also used to study cardiac wavefront propagation through a thin strand, which is connected to a large mass of cells. Then, the wave propagation between two cardiac cells in culture in vitro is studied using two intracellular microelectrodes. Lastly, an experimental setup made up of 60 extracellular signals sensors is implemented to study the wave propagation between several cardiac cells simultaneously. Some results concerning the wave propagation between the cardiomyocytes in basal, pathological or pharmacological conditions are presented
Tignéres, Bruno. "Les arythmies cardiaques au cours du syndrome d'apnées du sommeil (chez l'adulte)." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11047.
Full textFontaine, Guy. "Technique, physique, biophysique et electrophysiologie de la fulguration. Application au traitement des troubles du rythme cardiaque." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112245.
Full textMarionneau, Céline. "Génomique fonctionnelle des canaux ioniques cardiaques." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2133.
Full textFunctional genomics of cardiac ion channel genes consist in the study of ion channel gene expression and modulation in relation to various physiological and pathological conditions and its link with cardiac electrical activity. In an initial study, the distribution of ion channel gene expression in different regions of the normal adult mouse heart was evaluated. The regional distribution of transcription factor genes was then completed in the same regions to gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating regional specialization in electrical function. Gene expression adaptation or remodelling as induced by various conditions was also the aim of several investigations. A gene to function study in SCN5A+/- mice first showed the differential expression of two transcription factor genes in relation with the myocardial remodelling associated with the age-related progressive deterioration of ventricular conduction defects. Pharmacogenomic investigations of amiodarone and ivabradine then suggested the ionic remodelling as a possible pharmacological action of drug
Copie, Xavier. "Système nerveux végétatif en pathologie cardio-vasculaire : relation entre la fréquence cardiaque et sa variabilité." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T028.
Full textTournoux, François. "Stratégies pour améliorer la réponse à la resynchronisation cardiaque." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077273.
Full textCardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) has emerged as an important advance in the clinical management of patients with chronic heart failure. However, almost one-third of the patients are considered non-responders to the therapy. Because the complication rate of this therapy is not negligible, new strategies to improve the response rate are needed. In the absence of a gold standard for the assessment of cardiac mechanical dyssynchrony, the performance of these strategies are estimated based on the response to CRT, itself lacking an accurate and validated definition. This work reviews the role of new imaging technologies in the assessment and prediction of CRT response and proposes a multidisciplinary approach to manage heart failure patients from pre-implant evaluation through to long-term follow-up
Algalarrondo, Vincent. "Troubles de l'excitabilité cardiaque dans la dystrophie myotonique de type 1 et l'insuffisance cardiaque : étude de deux modèles murins." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077040.
Full textCardiac tissue is electrically active and propagates electrical impulses through a series of complex physiological processes. Here, we examined the ability of myocytes to generate and propagate cardiac influx in two rodent models: a mouse model of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1 ) and a rat model of heart failure and atrial remodeling. DM1 is a disease associated with conduction disorders and cardiac arrhythmias. DM1 is due to the toxic expansion of a CTG sequence. The mechanism of conduction disorders is currently unknown. We established a parallel between DM1 and various pathologies resulting from a mutation of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1. 5 (Brugada syndrome) in DM1 patients. These similarities suggested for an abnormal cardiac sodium current IN,. In the murine model DMSXL of DM1, there was indeed an increased sensitivity to 'Na blockers and 'Na inactivation was accelerated. These results suggested that 'Na is involved in the genesis of conduction disorders in DM1. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in humans and is strongly associated with heart failure (HF). In an HF model, we characterized the atrial remodeling and demonstrated that atrial excitability was decreased. Atrial remodeling was also associated with atrial alterations at the cellular and tissue level. The integration of these alterations in a computer model confirmed the imbalance between cellular and tissue remodeling during atrial remodeling
Milliez, Paul. "Insuffisance cardiaque, aldostérone et troubles du rythme : effets protecteurs du blocage de l'aldostérone sur les arythmies auriculaires et ventriculaires." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077156.
Full textBelichard, Pierre. "Hypertrophie cardiaque et troubles du rythme : etudes experimentales chez le rat spontanement hypertendu et le rat entraine physiquement." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066037.
Full textRoussel, Julien. "Effets d’une variation de la concentration en acyl-carnitine sur le remodelage ventriculaire et les troubles du rythme." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20034.
Full textHeart contraction requires a considerable amount of energy. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is the major source of energy production in the heart. Fatty acids diffuse through the mitochondrial membrane in the acyl-carnitine form. During excitation-contraction coupling, variations of membrane potential and calcium concentration allow the communication between contraction and metabolism. This communication allows the adaption of energy production into contractile function. Clinical and experimental observations indicate that metabolism modulates contraction mechanisms. In particular, the energetic imbalance observed in metabolic syndrome or primary carnitine deficiency induces a contractile disturbance and arrhythmias. Mitochondrial homeostasis seems to be an important participant though the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon remain to be completely elucidated. In this study, we examined the influence of acylcarnitine concentration variations on cardiac rhythm and ventricular remodeling. Through an integrative approach, we have demonstrated the pivotal role of the adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT) in the apparition of high acylcarnitine concentration associated arrhythmia. Furthermore, in vivo studies with carnitine deficient mice reveal, for the first time, a relationship between the QT interval duration (short QT) and metabolic disturbance
Chizelle, Franck. "Etudes fonctionnelles de mutations associés à des pathologies de la repolarisation ventriculaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1021/document.
Full textArrhythmias-induced cardiac sudden death is often due to ventricular repolarization abnormalities, which can be congenital. In the first part of this thesis, we have characterized a new murine model of congenital type 3 long QT syndrome associated with a cardiomyopathy: the Scn5a+/ΔQKP mouse. This model recapitulates the consequences of the equivalent human mutation in the SCN5A gene (delQKP 1507-1509): the presence of a prolonged QT interval, conduction disorders, tachycardias and ventricular fibrillations, associated with cardiac structural defects and premature mortality. The mutation induces an increase of the persistent sodium current and perturbations of calcium cycle. Pharmacological inhibitors of the persistent sodium current shorten QT interval, improve cardiac conduction and reduce arrhythmias in this model. The second part of the thesis has permitted the identification and the functional characterization of the very first rare variants in the SLC8A1 gene, which encodes the sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCX1, associated with a pathology in human: an early repolarization syndrome associated with shortened QT interval. The expression of these variants in heterologous expression systems shows severe losses of function of both the exchange current INCX and the NCX1-related calcium uptake. Defects in NCX1 sarcolemmal expression explain these losses of function for part of the variants. In silico simulation of these losses of function recapitulates the phenotype observed in patients’ ECGs, by shortening the repolarization phase of the ventricular action potential. These two projects reveal new therapeutic targets in patients with ventricular repolarization diseases
Deffontaines, Gaëtan. "A propos de l'exploration electrophysiologique endocavitaire cardiaque chez la personne agee : reflexion sur l'approche des malaises, syncopes, troubles du rythme en geriatrie puis etude retrospective des resultats de 227 explorations en fonction de l'age." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M300.
Full textFontaine, Ludovic. "Traitement des signaux à échantillonnage irrégulier : application au suivi temporel de paramètres cardiaques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL127N.
Full textMany compression methods turn the original signal into an irregularly sampled signal. Otherwise, systems, owing to their creation, only allow to gather signals with an irregular sampling. In order to be able to process these signals, various reconstruction methods have appeared since four decades. An original way to process such irregularly sample signals is to take the main characteristic of these signals into account, namely the variable time interval between two consecutive samples. In this work, we wanted to develop tools for the process of irregularly sampled signals, without having recourse to a total reconstruction of a regularly sampled signal. After having compressed the signal by a method allying compression ratio and fidelity of reconstruction, we obtain a non-equispaced sampled signal. The original idea consists in directly processing the irregularly sampled signal, and therefore, we have redefined the following methods and tools: addition, subtraction and multiplication of signals ; statistical operations such as zero and first orcier moments ; spectral analysis by Fourier transform ; low-pass and band-pass filterings ; identification, expansion. The whole of the tools and methods have been applied to the events detection in the electrocardiogram. A compression by our algorithm allows to reduce the storage memory of the ECG. On the one hand, the extraction of characteristic information of each beat of the ECG allows to collect and to follow the temporal evolution of time intervals, amplitudes, waveforms, energies. . . On the other hand, we realize the decomposition of each cardiac cycle of the irregularly sampled ECG on bases including a healthy normal beat and a beat of each arythmia. The evolution, in course of the time, of the decomposition coefficients can be joined to the evolution of the previously described parameters in order to merge them, to study their variations, and to improve the decision making in terms of arythmia
Trouvé, Pascal. "Rôles joués par l'ATPase sodium-potassium et l'Annexine V sur la régulation calcique au cours de la transition de l'hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche compensée vers l'insuffisance cardiaque." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05S005.
Full textKwiatkowski, Yves. "Fulguration endocavitaire du faisceau de his dans le traitement des troubles du rythme supraventriculaire rebelles : à propos de vingt patients." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M250.
Full textTanasescu, Elia Monica. "Hypoxie fœtale et lésions cérébrales associées." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR3302.
Full textOuvrard-Pascaud, Antoine. "Rôle physiopathologique du récepteur minéralocorticoïde dans le rein et dans le coeur : approches utilisant des modèles conditionnels cellulaires et animaux." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077235.
Full textThe mineralocorticoid receptor is a transcription factor whose activity dépends on the binding to the hormone, aldosterone, that mediates sodium absorption in the distal nephron (cortical collecting duct), playing a critical role in the control of volemia and arterial pressure. Nevertheless, all the molecular targets and signalization pathways have not yet been identified. Further more, among other tissues, this receptor is also expressed in the heart myocardium where its precise functions remain to be elucidated. Using a rat cell line, we generated a subclone allowing conditional expression (Cre-lox) of a functional fusion protein between the human mineralocorticoid receptor and an eGFP fluorescent tag (Ouvrard-Pascaud et al. 2004). This subclone was used in a study proposing that the nuclear translocation of the receptor is not required for stimulating sodium absorption during the early phase of the hormonal response (1-2 hours) (Le Moellic et al. 2004). We generated two transgenic mice lines that over-express the human mineralocorticoid receptor (tet-OFF) specifically in cardiomyocytes. 50% of the mice die during the embryonic development without any apparent defects on cardiogenesis. Tissue analysis of adult animals indicated normal histology. Electrophysiological studies of isolated cardiomyocytes showed lengthened action potentials. Electrocardiograms revealed conduction defaults with the occurrence of premature ventricular complex and tachycardia. This phenotype suggests a role for the mineralocorticoid receptor in the heart electrical conduction signal and its possible implication in pathologies associated with arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden death
Judé, Sebastien. "Etude des effets des acides gras poly-insaturés n-3 sur les membranes des cellules cardiaques et mise au point d'un modèle d'arythmies spontanées chroniques induites par multiples embolisations des coronaires chez le chien." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3310.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis work was to understand the anti-arrhythmic effects of n-3 PUFA. Our study showed that: i) the peroxidation products of DHA, rather than DHA itself, were responsible for the acute effects observed on potassium channels in rat isolated ventricular cardiac cells. Ii) a diet enriched with fish oil induced a modification of the fatty acid composition of cardiac membrane phospholipids in dog. Such changes in the fatty acids composition, especially in the PI fraction, could lead to a differential activation of PKC isoforms. Iii) reproducible spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias were not obtained in the experimental model of arrhythmias induced by multiple by multiple coronary embolisations in dog. Consequently, the anti-arrhythmic effects of n-3 PUFA could not be tested on this experimental model
Ferro, Fabio. "Régulation des canaux ioniques cardiaques par les acylcarnitines." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3315/document.
Full textSeveral diseases can cause either an increase or a decrease in the rate of fatty acids (FAs) and their derivatives circulating, including acyl-carnitines (AC). This change is suspected as being the cause of major cardiac electrical perturbations. We have shown that long-chain AC (LCAC) modulate specifically by the extracellular side the hERG channel, regulating its current amplitude and kinetics. All AC tested had no effect when applied intracellularly. Carnitine and medium chain AC had no effect on hERG. LCAC does not modulate IK1 and IKS. Cav1.2 channel is modulated by C16 and C16-CAR in line HEK293-ICaL and rat cardiomyocytes. In physiological conditions there exists a strict link between energy metabolism and cardiac electrical activity which causes a permanent modulation of hERG channel by the LCAC. Regulation by the LCAC of the hERG channel and maybe ICaL, could participate in the electrical disturbance causing the onset of cardiac arrhythmia found in certain diseases
Perrier, Romain. "Rôle de l'aldostérone dans le coeur : nouvelles approches à l'aide d'animaux transgéniques." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T034.
Full textBun, Sok-Sithikun. "Quantification non invasive de la fibrose cardiaque diffuse par imagerie de résonance magnétique et par cartographie endocavitaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0235/document.
Full textFibrosis represents the main substrate for cardiac arrhythmias, either atrial or ventricular. MRI has become a critical tool to not only diagnose the presence of cardiac fibrosis, but also provides important informations on the prognosis and the follow-up of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in its persistent type. The gold standard is the Late Gadolinium Enhancement, allowing to reveal localized regions of fibrosis. Our study reported a technique for non invasive quantification of interstitial diffuse ventricular fibrosis in diabetic mice (T2 measurement high field MRI at 11,75 T). This fibrosis was significantly correlated to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in comparison with the control group. The next step was the transposition of this T2 measurement with MRI in the clinical setup of patients who undergo an AF ablation procedure. The second technique for atrial fibrosis assessment for patients suffering from AF is the invasive realization of left atrial voltage mapping. A new ultra-high definition system was used to quantify the fibrosis (dense scar) in regions with bipolar amplitude electrograms of less than 0,015 mV. This cutoff was far lower than the previously published definition of the dense scar in the literature (< 0,1 mV)
Béziau, Delphine. "Physiopathologie des troubles du rythme et de la conduction cardiaques : nouvelles pistes." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=48ba7449-b644-4f49-a62e-8c8f7036341f.
Full textCardiac arrhythmias are responsible for one million cases of syncope and sudden cardiac death every year in the world. Ln the last decade, studies linking ion channel-related gene mutations and various cardiac familial syndromes as Brugada syndrome (BrS) or short QT syndrome (SQTS) have constantly increased. Ln 25 of cases, BrS is associated with SCN5A mutation which encodes the Na, 1. 5 Na+ channel. Ln a family affected by BrS, SQTS and/or conduction defects, we identify 2 variants of SCN5A and CA CNA 1 C encoding the Ca, 1. 2 Ca2+ channel. We show that the loss-of-function of Ca, 1. 2-N300D is due to an expression defect, and by cardiac action potential modeling that the phenotype of the patients can be explain by their personal genotype. Ln a family affected by SQTS, we have identified mutations on CACNA1C and on the gene encoding the membrane carnitine transporter OCTN2, suggesting a new molecular mechanism. We show that the loss-of-function of the Ca, 1. 2-A223P channel is not causal but could modulate the phenotype severity. Finally, we have identified a new arrhythmia named "Multifocal Ectopic Purkinje-related Premature Contractions" associated with the R222Q variant of Na, 1. 5 channel. We show that the gain-of-function mutation of Na, 1. 5 is responsible for the tissue-specific effect. We designed a new multicellular model allowing us to understand the complex electrical abnormalities observed
Boutjdir, Mohamed. "Électrophysiologie cellulaire de l'oreillette humaine : contribution à l'étude du mécanisme de la fibrillation auriculaire." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112218.
Full textClinical electrophysiological studies have shown that inhomogeneity of refractory periods is a factor of arrhythmia. We have studied by the microelectrode technique the effective refractory periods (ERP) the action potential durations at 50 % (APD50) and 90 % (APD90) repolarization and their dispersions on isolated human atrium. Samples were obtained from patients in sinus rhythm and in chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). For each preparation, ERP, APD50 and APD90 were measured at basic cycle lengths (BCL) of 1 600, 1 200, 800 and 400 msec in five cells radially located (0. 8 mm) around the stimulating electrode. In the AF group, APD50, APD90 and ERP were significantly shorter at all BCL, except at 400 msec for ERP. Dispersion of ERP and APD90 was significantly greater in the AF group than in the sinus rhythm group (87 ± 50 msec and 60 ± 32 msec p < 0. 005, 62 ± 28 msec and 49 ± 26 msec p < 0. 05). For the group in sinus rhythm, there is a positive correlation between 1) ERP and BCL (r = 0. 86 ± 0. 08), 2) APD50 and BCL (r = 0. 88 ± 0. 07), 3) APD90 and BCL (r = 0. 89 ± 0. 07). In contrast, for the AF group, this correlation was absent between ERP and BCL (r = 0. 39 ± 0. 26), poor between APD50 et BCL (r = 0. 64 ± 0. 21) and between APD90 and BCL (r = 0. 61 ± 0. 22). The action potential characteristics: amplitude, plateau level, over shoot and resting potential, were not significantly different between both groups. In conclusion, our study of isolated human atrium from patients with atrial fibrillation clearly shows: 1) short cellular refractoriness and action potential durations, 2) great inhomogeneity of refractoriness and 3) non-adaptation of refractory periods to the frequency. All these factors may predispose to slow conduction and to reentry. Thus, the inhomogeneous recovery of excitability observed in clinical studies is also present at cellular level
Lanzmann-Petithory, Dominique. "Rôle de l'acide alpha-linolénique dans la prévention des maladies cardio-vasculaires et des troubles du rythme cardiaque : effet de l'acide alpha-linolénique sur la prévention des récidives de fibrillation auriculaire, étude pilote sur un groupe de 98 patients." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21153.
Full text98 patients included for a cardioversion for atrial fibrillation were randomized in 2 groups : an experimental group receiving rapeseed oil and rapeseed margarin, rich in ALA, and a control group receiving the usual advices given to cardiac patients. On these 98 patients 67. 1 _+ 6. 41 years old, we could observe : - a compliance of 77 % in 75 patients who followed carefully the diet of their group, diet ALA going from 0. 65 _+ 0. 35 g / day to 2. 08 _+ 0. 85 g / day after 2 months, and plasmatic ALA going from 0. 41 _+ 0. 20 % to 0. 69 _+ 0. 26 % in the experimental patients. - A good safety of the diet, with neither modifications in the well-balancing of the diet nor side effects. - A compliance rate for this group of 75 patients going from 48. 5 % at 6 months in the control group, to 22. 5 % (p = 0. 017) in the experimental group, and from 54. 3 % at 12 months in the control, to 32. 5 % (p = 0. 057) in the experimental group. These results are only those of a pilot study requiring confirmation with a much larger study
Frontera, Antonio. "ICD Algorithms in the management of arrhythmias : Pitfalls and advancements." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0324.
Full textThe objective of my research was to investigate the manner in which clinical devices, such as ICDs and PMs, detect the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice. Nowadays, specific algorithms of discrimination are implemented in current devices. The pitfalls in the management of patients with arrhythmias are not uncommon; most often these include errors in detection and discrimination which may promote and/or perpetuate the arrhythmia or determine inappropriate therapies such as shocks. In fact, the incorrect discrimination of malignant arrhythmias could have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. The best management of arrhythmias should consider improvements of current algorithms of proprietary based ICDs implanted in the clinical practice
Delannoy, Julien. "Émotions et sommeil : effets d’une induction émotionnelle diurne sur le sommeil et la réactivité émotionnelle au réveil." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S005/document.
Full textSleep constitutes a major component of adaptation and survival in evolved organisms. In humans, sleep could have a role in the integration of daytime experiences, preparing by this way individuals for consecutive wake period. Due to the adaptive relevance of emotions, it has recently been proposed that pre-hypnic emotions could influence the sleep course, which could modulate emotional reactivity at awakening. However, the bi-directional link between emotion and sleep remains unclear, this being explained by the complexity of such link and by the difficulty of reconciling the diversity of methodological approaches. In this context, the aim of this thesis was twofold: first, determine the impact of induced daytime emotional states on sleep characteristics; second, assess the influence of these states on the emotional reactivity at the awakening.The experimental program led to the presentation of three types of emotional movies, negative, neutral or positive, in order to induce a diurnal emotional state, in French or Japanese participants. Two experiments were carried out: one tested the impact of the emotional movies on the individual emotional states; the other determined the influence of pre-hypnic induced emotional states on sleep parameters and responsiveness to emotional facial expressions, presented to the participant at the subsequent awakening.These experiments allowed to obtain several new results. Firstly, it was shown that emotional movies induced congruent emotional states during the pre-hypnic period. Secondly, these pre-hypnic emotional states influenced the distribution of sleep stages and associated autonomic activity during the consecutive night of sleep. Thirdly, we observed that the pre-hypnic emotional induction modulated the emotional reactivity after the sleep period, during the presentation of faces expressing emotions at different intensities. The interpretation of main results can lead to the speculation that the increase of time spent in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage, following the pre-hypnic emotional stimulations, can be a marker of central processes related to daytime emotional experiences. Based on this assumption, such processes could be a required mediator for emotional reactivity changes observed upon awakening.In conclusion, researches presented in this thesis, subtended by a new and standardized methodology of emotional induction, provide original information about the bi-directional links between diurnal emotions and sleep course. Subject to additional experimentations, this work brings new questions about the role of emotions, particularly positive ones, on sleep and subsequent emotional states. From a prospective point of view, reported data reinforces the idea that considers the sleep as an efficient lever to regulate emotions
MACALUSO, GILLES. "Etude de la variabilite de la frequence cardiaque en rythme sinusal dans l'insuffisance cardiaque." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20850.
Full textAllouis, Marie Schott Jean-Jacques. "Approches génétiques et moléculaires des pathologies du rythme cardiaque." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/DOCallouis.pdf.
Full textGodet, Charlotte Boog Georges. "L'analyse informatisée du rythme cardiaque fœtal comme test d'admission." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=20806.
Full textAllouis, Marie. "Approches génétiques et moléculaires des pathologies du rythme cardiaque." Nantes, 2005. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=67b41238-695a-4d34-bd42-0f94229e00b2.
Full textLife-threatening cardiac arrhythmias represent a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders. Since 1995, several genes encoding mostly ionic channels have been identified but their pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Starting from several families affected by either Brugada syndrome or atrial fibrillation, I have identified, using a linkage analysis approach, two new loci for these diseases. A similar approach performed on 2 families diagnosed with long QT syndrome associated with Marfan syndrome or atypical ventricular catecholaminergic tachycardia, allowed the identification of the disease mutation respectively in KCNH2 and RyR2 genes. Phenotypical heterogeneity combined with low penetrance in Brugada syndrome or with late onset of the disease in progressive cardiac conduction defect challenges classical familial-based linkage analysis. Since these two pathologies have been associated with mutations in SCN5A gene, we speculate that proteins associated with cardiac sodium channel are good candidates for these conditions. Using a two hybrid screening approach, I identified the 14-3-3 protein as a new SCN5A cytosolic partner. 14-3-3 is known to act as a chaperon and preliminary results indicate that its interaction with SCN5A alters the voltage-sensitivity of the Na+ channel. Molecular screening of this new partner but also the still non-identified proteins should allow a better understanding and handling of cardiac arrhythmias
Manati, Abdul Waheed. "Mort subite d'origine cardiaque à la phase aigüe de l'infarctus du myocarde : physiopathologie des troubles du rythmes ventriculaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1112/document.
Full textThe majority of cardiac sudden deaths correspond to a myocardial infarction, ie an acute occlusion of a coronary artery, complicated by ventricular arrhythmia. It is not known why, at equivalent degree of myocardial ischemia, at equal age, sex and clinical status, one patient will develop ventricular arrhythmias while another will have no rhythmic complication.In this study, we will discuss two approaches to the study of sudden death. On the one hand, the collection of biological and clinical data and on the other hand a genetic approach.Thus, it has been shown that the Gln27Glu polymorphism in the ADRB2 gene seems to predispose patients to the rapid onset of ventricular fibrillation in the setting of cardiac ischemia. This study also suggests that the presence of variants in the GJA1 gene near residues subjected to methylation may be related to the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation in patients with myocardial infarction.These new data help to improve knowledge on sudden death in the acute phase of myocardial infarction and to consider new prevention strategies in the future
Pepin, Guillaume. "Recherche d'indicateurs d'inattention en conduite automobile : apports des mesures physiologiques et comportementales." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2133/document.
Full textMind-Wandering (MW) is a particular state of inattention that everyone experience in daily tasks. It involves a change of anindividual attentional focus, from the main activity to personal thoughts. During driving, MW has many negative effectsenhancing the risk of being involved and responsible for a car accident.The objective of this thesis was to better describe the impact of MW on drivers’ physiological and behavioral variables to drawup a list of sensitive indicators to this state. MW, acting as an additional task to driving, would consume some of driver'scognitive resources. It was therefore necessary to search, by an experimental approach, an indicator of cognitive effort in driving.As the multiplicity of thoughts and their characteristics could create different levels of risk for the driver, it seemed relevant tostudy the impact of these different forms of inattention on driving.Results of various work conducted, show that heart rate change is sensitive to cognitive effort during simulated driving. A possible solution to improve this indicator and try to achieve a real-time detection of cognitive effort has been proposed to an international competition: the 2016 Valeo Innovation Challenge. Another indicator has been identified: driver's eyes appeared to be more staring during MW than during episodes of attention dedicated to driving. Lastly, analysis of electroencephalographicmeasurements revealed that MW decreases attention allocated to the different stages (sensory and cognitive) of visual information processing during simulated driving. Thus, the effect of different types of thoughts on ocular behavior, visual information processing, and on the cognitive effort indicator previously highlighted, informed about the degree of interference of different types of thoughts on the driving activity.The results of this thesis show that it seems promising to go even further in the search for indicators sensitive to MW and possibly other internal states to mitigate their negative effects on the driving activity. Gathering MW sensitive indicators, using atechnique of data fusion, could allow, in the future, the possibility to create algorithms able to supervise the driver. The gradualautomation of vehicles coupled with intelligent monitoring of drivers could limit the risk of accidents and human, societal andeconomic costs that are attributable to them
Corge, Joëlle. "Système de mesure de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque foetal." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596827r.
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