Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Troubles du comportement alimentaire – Polonaises'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Troubles du comportement alimentaire – Polonaises.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Brytek, Anna. "Contribution des modèles sur l'autorégulation du comportement dans la compréhension des troubles alimentaires : perspectives interculturelles." Metz, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005METZ003L.
Full textThis study aims to explore, within the framework of theories of self-regulation and with the help of different concepts, e. G. Self-esteem, personal life goals, coping strategies, psychological distress, the feeling of anger as well as locus of control, risk profiles for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and obesity in two countries of different cultures : Poland and France. The studied population consists of 345 women of Polish (from Silesia) and French (from the region around Metz) nationality. We examine a group of 30 Polish and 32 French anorexics, of 30 Polish and 14 French bulimics as well as 30 Polish and 32 French obese subjects. Our control group consists of 60 Polish and 57 French students together with 30 Polish and 30 French adult women. All the participants filled in the E. D. I. By Garner and al. (1983), the S. E. I. By Coopersmith (1984), the G. I. F. S. By Maes and al. (2000), the Brief COPE by Carver (1997), the S. E. C. S. By Van Elderen and al. (1997), the H. A. D. By Zigmond and Snaith (1983) and the I. P. C. By Levenson (1991). Our results indicate that the profile of Polish anorexics closely resembles that of French anorexics. There are two independent variables which play an equally important role : the first concerns the interiorisation of anger, the second concerns conflicts in the goals of intellectual development (the importance and at the same time the difficulty of reaching these goals). The identification of identical variables in two culturally different populations suffering from anorexia nervosa allows us to assume that it is the psychological factors which dominate and which play a much more important role than the sociocultural factors in this pathology. The Polish girls, who have a greater tendency to become anorexic, rather conceptualise their anger against themselves, they believe that they are controlled by other powerful people and simultaneously show a very weak belief in chance. The Polish girls tend to use denial as one of the coping strategies and their goals of intellectual development are very important for them but, at the same time, very difficult to attain, which causes problems with regard to these goals concerning intellectual development. The French girls can be described as equally presenting more internal anger, often focus on important goals of intellectual development which they consider difficult to attain and make less use of acceptance as one of the coping strategies. The factors predicting bulimia nervosa are not the same in the two populations under study. Therefore we assume that the sociocultural dimension (the wish to conform to esthetic ideals of thinness) triggers bulimia in western societies. Polish girls who are more at risk of becoming bulimic employ more coping strategies, while they focus on consuming different substances, for example alcohol, psychopharmaceuticals or drugs, in order to reduce their anguish, tend to turn their anger outwards and believe in external control. They usually do not reinterpret the situation positively in order to deal with emotional distress (do not use the coping strategy positive reinterpretation). By contrast, French girls rather turn their anger against themselves, reduce their efforts to cope with the situation (behavioural disengagement as one of the coping strategies) and have lower familial self-esteem. The risk factors for obesity are not the same in the Polish and French populations. We suppose that obesity is an illness which can develop rather as the result of the sociocultural (or genetic) context than as the result of an individual's personality. The variables used in this study do not provide any insight into the causes of obesity, which goes to show that the factors associated with obesity differ from those associated with eating disorders
Abou, Nasr Daccache Jeannette. "Bisexualité psychique et troubles du comportement alimentaire." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070011.
Full textDuring accession in identity, we attend the pulsing dispositive which according to relations undertaken with the parents allows his draft towards a lack of differentiation with other one, or towards a building, within tins psychical dynamism. I explore the problem of psychical bisexuality, pathology of the border between the real and the virtual and his vagaries of link food with link in the object. Bisexuality is a native fantasy which would be formed by the mediation of personal fantasy, by the intervention of the constitution of the fantasy of the other sex in the Oedipus triangle and that notably re-appears during accession in the status of separation with the object, where are rekindled the mechanisms of enlistment and of introjections by merging them with ideal identity to be the parent or to have a child of the father and/or the mother. How this model of psychical bisexuality, libidinal energy rallies in the service of the psychical harmonization, can help us to think on obstacles to become Man or Woman to redefine the crisis of identity which manifests itself by a link in the secondary primary object either complete or envelops. The process of the psychical bisexuality which remains incomplete and we find it in functioning in the bisexuality of the object represented by food functioning. The analysis of this functioning allows to understand the processes of psychical and somatic incorporation. The approach with the sexual recalls a fright felt facing an emotional flood which surprises inside and provokes borders between the internal and the external. The passage to the act in the rejected or incorporated food is a mechanism which postpones the access to heterosexuality. These undertaken functioning's results in the appearance of organic illness such as bulimia or anorexia, but these experiences will be thé mirror helping in understanding the hired psychical processes and so modifications and internal suppleness and metaphor between the biological and the psychical. The inter-subjective therapies consists in unfolding the actual instant so registers in the time of relation, to construct the links of representation, figurabilitys, emotion, stop compulsive behaviors by trying a harmonization of psychical bisexuality
St-Pierre, Michelle. "Troubles du comportement alimentaire et style de défenses psychologiques." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5303/1/000611317.pdf.
Full textMelioli, Tiffany. "Troubles du comportement alimentaire : psychoéducation et prévention par internet." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20090.
Full textStudy 1 – Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of Internet-based programs in decreasing eating disorder (ED) symptoms and to identify moderator variables of effects. Results: Compared to control conditions, Internet-based programs were successful in decreasing ED symptoms and risk factors with small to moderate between-group effect sizes. Moderator analyses revealed no impact of participant risk status on intervention effects. Study 2 – Aims: To evaluate an ED Internet-based prevention program efficacy (ProYouth) on decreases of disordered eating symptoms. Results: Among individuals having completed at least 4 monitoring assessments, time since registration was found to significantly predict decreases in binge eating (β = -.01, p < .001). Study 3 – Aims: To disseminate, through Internet, French guidelines for providing first aid to individuals suffering from ED symptoms and to explore the user characteristics and the perceived usefulness of the guidelines. Results: The guidelines were downloaded 1174 times and 312 participants have reported downloading the guidelines to increase their knowledge, or out of curiosity. Forty-two of the 50 users having completed the second questionnaire found the guidelines “useful” or “very useful.” Conclusion: The Internet might have great potential to prevent EDs among French college students. Promoting reliable information through the Internet could help to increase ED mental health literacy and would therefore be an important step towards improving access to ED treatment
Poulain, Sophie Piron-Frenet Maryvonne. "Adolescence et troubles alimentaires." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHpoulain.pdf.
Full textMure-Petitjean, Clara. "Étude des troubles du comportement alimentaire chez des personnes âgées hospitalisées : anorexie et réduction alimentaire." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100122.
Full textBetting, Sylvie. "Troubles du comportement alimentaire au cours des nutritions artificielles chez l'enfant." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN11325.
Full textTrebak, Fatima. "Le Comportement alimentaire : régulation par le neuropeptide hypothalamique EM66 et altération par les aflatoxines." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES030.
Full textFeeding behavior is regulated by a complex system of central and peripheral signals that cooperate to modulate the response to food intake. Central control is insured in particular by several hypothalamic neuropeptidergic systems exercising either orexigenic or anorexigenic neurones. More recently, 26RFa has been shown to be a neuropeptide with a strong orexigenic function. Another new neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II (SgII), EM66, is expressed in various hypothalamic nuclei known to regulate feeding behavior suggesting its involvement in the central control of this function. The first part of my research concerns the study of a possible implication of the EM66 in the hypothalamic regulation of food behavior and to determine its mechanism of action. Our results showed that the central administration of EM66 induces a drastic and dose-dependent inhibition of food intake (FI) in mice. The gene expression rate evaluation of the major orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, respectively NPY and POMC, as well as their receptors, reveals that the decrease in FI in mice injected with EM66 is associated with an increase in hypothalamic mRNAs levels of POMC and its specific receptor MC3R. This result is correlated with c-Fos neuronal activation in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), particularly in its lateral part known to harbor POMC neurons. On the other hand, our data showed that the central injection of EM66 does not modify the expression of the NPY or its Y1 and Y5 receptors. In order to further argue the anorexigenic role of EM66 particularly in obesity, we chose a High Fat (HFD) mouse model to test the gene expression level of neuropeptides for FI control. Our results showed a significant decrease in POMC mRNA level associated with a drastic decrease in SgII mRNA rate, while NPY gene expression was not affected. We also found that the gene expression of EM66 changes according to the nutritional status of our experimental model since a 48h fasting in HFD mice induces a decrease in the expression of the POMC and the SgII mRNA levels. These variations are not observed in mice fed with low-fat diet (LFD). All these data argue for the first time an anorexigenic role for EM66 in the regulation of eating behavior, especially through the activation of POMC neurons. Any imbalance affecting feeding behavior and thus the energy balance can be linked to various pathologies such as anorexia which may itself be linked to environmental factors. In this context, among the symptoms related to the repeated consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxins (AF), there is anorexia. In the second part of the study, we investigated the possible hypothalamic mechanisms of this anorexia related to the neurotoxic effects of AFB1. We evaluated the impact of AFB1 on the major orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides (NPY, orexin, AgRP, MCH) and anorexigenic neuropeptides (α-MSH, CART, TRH) and on the new anorexigenic peptide, EM 66. Following repeated rats treatment with ABF1, at low or high dose, there was a dose-dependent decrease in body weight gain in rats treated with ABF1. All the hypothalamic neuropeptides studied including EM66, that was proved to be targets to this toxin since our data show a dose-dependent decrease of their expression in response to AFB1. Such alterations may underlie appetite disorders associated with the decreased in body weight gain. In conclusion, our research assigns a central role to the neuropeptide EM66 in the regulation of feeding behavior as ana anorexigenic mediator via a mechanism that involves the melanocortin system. They also showed that both orexigenic and anorexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides, including EM66, are altered by repeated ingestion of AFB1 which could justify the loss of body weight, which could be related to anorexia
LANHORE, MARC. "L'aliment : du modele de l'anorexie au pharmakon quotidien." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070067.
Full textCorcos, Maurice. "Depression et alexithymie : leurs fonctions dans les conduites addictives alimentaires a l'adolescence." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070106.
Full textChenel-Beaulieu, Marie-Pier. "La nature des fonctions du trouble des conduites alimentaires et leur association avec la sévérité des symptômes et la motivation au traitement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29275/29275.pdf.
Full textSaligue, Danièle. "Le comportement alimentaire de sujets présentant une surcharge pondérale : d'aprés cent enquètes alimentaires informatisées." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M001.
Full textQuirk, Denise. "ADOLESCENTS AMERICAINS ET FRANÇAIS : OBESITE, TROUBLES DU COMPORTEMENT ALIMENTAIRE, ATTITUDES ET HABITUDES ALIMENTAIRES." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848280.
Full textJamot, Nathalie. "Evolution des troubles du comportement alimentaire : éclairage par l'échelle de Morgan et Russel." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6206.
Full textCascales, Thomas. "Troubles du comportement alimentaire restrictif du nourrisson : entre emprise et excitation parents-nourrisson." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20071.
Full textThis research aims at better knowing the psychological factors of settlement of the disorders of early restrictive eating behavior. After a presentation of the various psychological stakes included in the parents/infant relationship, the thorough study of the parents/infant interactions during feeding time and a review of this issue in the international literature, three factors of settlement of the disorders of early eating behavior can be released. The first is represented by the sharing of emotional experiments included in the parents/infant interactive dynamics. The second is represented by the parents/infant co-excitation included in the pooling of the libidinous investments. The third is represented by the parents/infant co-influence included in this pooling of the libidinous investments. The assumption of this research is that the disorder of early eating behavior depends on the level of parents/infant co-excitation and co-influence together with the pooling of the libidinous investments parents/infant. From the methodological point of view, this research is based on six case studies presented according to the paradigms of the psychoanalysis and of the observation of the infant as based on the school of Washington’s classification
Barry, Carole. "Les troubles des conduites alimentaires : anorexie mentale, boulimie." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P220.
Full textGuiguet-Georgel, Géraldine Ziegler Olivier. "Etude des dégoûts et des comportements alimentaires chez les patients obèses en Lorraine expérience du Centre médico-diététique de l'Alumnat /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2007_GUIGUET_GEORGEL_GERALDINE.pdf.
Full textBreton, Jonathan. "Étude du rôle des protéines issues du microbiote intestinal dans la régulation du comportement alimentaire physiologique et pathologique." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUENR04.
Full textThe interactions between host and microbiota were, recently, implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity. Indeed, the gut microbiota, also called, intestinal flora, could exert many essential functions such as digestion and the energy metabolism. Moreover, effects of microbiota on feeding behavior, were observed, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that nutritional modulation of commensal bacteria could induce changes in proteome which may act on the satiety and hunger pathways of the host modulating its feeding behavior. These results support our hypothesis by showing that proteins derived from commensal bacteria E. Coli K12 are able to modulate host feeding behavior depending on their expression pattern by influenced nutritional status. It is also possible that host may profit from anorexigenic proprieties of these protein signals to limit the growth of bacteria population by ending the meal and thus the nutritional support for bacteria. These data will improve the knowledge on molecular communication pathways between the host and microbiota and may help development of new therapeutic approaches against obesity
Barthomeuf, Laetitia. "Les déterminants émotionnels du comportement alimentaire et de ses troubles : le cas de l'obésité." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20009.
Full textBrison, Aurore Gautier Marion Hercent Sophie. "Oralité alimentaire - Oralité verbale un lien ? /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=18746.
Full textCoquerel, Quentin. "Implication d'autoanticorps dirigés contre les neuropeptides dans le comportement alimentaire normal et pathologique." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUENR13.
Full textEating disorders (ED) are characterized by altered appetite and emotion and are represented by two main forms: anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) as well as by binge-eating disorder (BED) and subsyndromic forms Named ED not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Loss of appetite can also be observed outside of the classical ED frame and it is usually referred as anorexia of disease, e. G. Anorexia induced by cancer chemotherapy (AnaChem). Chronic alterations of appetite lead to metabolic and body weight abnormalities resulting in malnutrition and cachexia at one side and obesity at the other one. Both conditions are characterized by increased mortality and comorbidities such as depression, sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal dysfunctions and low quality of life. The origins of ED and AnaChem are still unknown justifying new research efforts to study their mechanisms. A new hypothesis of ED implicating autoantibodies (autoAbs) against α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) has recently been proposed based on the key role of α-MSH in signaling satiety and on identification of α-MSH reactive autoAbs in human plasma and their significant correlations with psychopathological traits in patients with ED. The present Thesis aimed to further validate this hypothesis. In particular, using experimental animal models and clinical materials, we addressed the following questions: 1. What are the neurobiological mechanisms underlying AnaChem ? 2. Are theproduction and affinities of α-MSH autoAbs affected by intestinal inflammation and relevant to food intake and body weight in AnaChem ? 3. Are autoAbs directed against other than α-MSH neuropeptides associated with food intake and /or body mass index (BMI) ? Our results which are presented as part of five published articles, two submitted manuscripts and outgoing study/perspectives helped to significantly address these questions. As such, we determined that methotrexate-induced AnaChem is most likely due to the brain perception of dehydration secondary to intestinal inflammation and diarrhea accompanied by activation of hypothalamic magnocellular vasopressin and parvocellular oxytocin expressing neurons. Although no evidence implicating α-MSH autoAbs and their affinities in AnaChem was found, intestinal inflammation was followed by increased levels of α-MSH IgG which correlated negatively with food to water intake ratios and may thus participate in delayed postinflammatory body weight recovery. Putative anorexigenic role of α-MSH autoAbs was further supported by their positive correlations with α-MSH peptide and an attenuation of food intake and body weight recovery after peripheral administration of anti-α-MSH IgG. In patients with D, affinity of α- MSH IgG correlated with the Eating Disorder Inventory score. With regard to other neuropeptide autoAbs, significant correlations between BMI and plasma levels or affinities of autoAbs reactive with orexin A, vasopressin, oxytocin, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y were noticed in studies involving patients. In conclusion, these results contributed to a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of eating disorders and of anorexia of chemotherapy. These studies also provided support implicating autoAbs reactive with neuropeptides and peptide hormones in normal and pathological regulation of appetite and body weight
Galmiche, Marie. "Epidémiologie des troubles du comportement alimentaire et analyses biocliniques des patients de la cohorte EDILS." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR066/document.
Full textEating disorders (ED) affect a large population and are a serious public health issue. It is thus essential to deepen our knowledge of ED pathophysiology in order to open new therapeutic perspectives. The prevalence of ED according to sex, geographical origin or age of the study population and its increase over the last 15 years has been highlighted in a systematic review. The analysis of patients with ED from the Eating Disorder and Longitudinal Survey (EDILS) cohort underlined stress and / or diet as triggering factors and noted similarities between the comorbidities of the 3 broad categories of ED (Restrictive, bulimic and compulsive). These comorbidities were strongly associated with each other, and contributed in a vicious circle to the perpetuation of ED. The literature suggests during ED a dysregulation of neuropeptide signaling of food intake that may include some immunological mechanisms. Analyzes of plasma samples from the EDILS cohort allowed a better definition of the peptides and immunoglobulins profiles associated with the 3 broad categories of ED and to evaluate their utility for phenotyping patients. The collection of feces in the cohort offers the possibility of refining the specificity of the microbiota according to different type of ED. This thesis allows to better define the clinical characteristics of 3 broad categories of ED and disturbances of the microbiota-intestine-brain axis, particularly the associated biological dysregulations of neuropeptide signaling
Duarte, Garcia Fréderico. "Développement d'une méthode de dépistage des troubles du comportement alimentaire et étude de la modulation neuropeptidergique par les autoanticorps au cours des troubles dépressifs." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUENR04.
Full textThe Eating Disorders (ED) and depressive disorders are major public health, whose association is frequent in patients. This work aims to develop a tool for early detection of ED and describe some neurobiological interrelationships between depressive disorders and feeding behavior by describing the role of autoantibodies against three neuropeptides involved in regulating mood and food intake. The first part corresponds to the validation of a French version of the SCOFF questionnaire for screening for ED in a population of students and ED patients. The second part of the thesis explores the relationship between autoantibodies (AAC) directed against neuropeptides involved in depressive disorders and in the regulation of food intake and mood. Plasmatic AAC anti-vasopressin and anti-oxytocin were compared in depressed patients and healthy volunteers. AAC against neuropeptide Y (NPY) was also studied in a clinical population and the effect of passive transfer of AAC on the modulation of eating behavior and depression was studied in an animal model. In conclusion, the work presented in this thesis provided for clinicians and researchers a rapid, simple and validated in French language screening tool for ED. The biological part of this work brings new elements describing the link between mood, stress and feeding behavior and neuropeptide AAC. Changes in neuropeptides AAC levels were associated with severity of depression, whereas changes in their affinity, especially for anti-NPY AAC appeared to be related to the regulation of feeding behavior. These results provide new insights into the pathophysiology of ED, depressive disorders and their comorbidity
Gallant, Annette. "Behavioural and metabolic characterisation of night eating sydrome." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25358.
Full textNight eating syndrome (NES) is characterised by a delayed pattern of energy intake and manifests as either evening hyperphagia and/or nocturnal ingestions of food. Other clinical features of this syndrome have been identified and include morning anorexia, insomnia, strong evening cravings for food, a depressed and/or evening-worsening mood and a belief that one must eat in order to sleep. Research on NES has progressed steadily since the disorder first appeared in the scientific literature in 1955. However, there is much more to be learned on the topic of NES. There is only one published study that examined night eating symptoms in children. There are no published studies that have examined health behaviours associated with these symptoms in children and none that have examined changes in NES symptoms across time. Furthermore, although two studies have demonstrated that nocturnal ingestions of food predicted greater weight gain, they did not explore if weight gain or markers of metabolic health were associated with other NES symptoms. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the behavioural and metabolic characterisation of night eating symptoms in a family cohort. Furthermore, a secondary objective was to validate certain aspects of the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), a measure of self-reported NES symptoms. The study sample consisted of participants of the longitudinal QUALITY cohort study and included two biological parents and one child aged 8 – 10 years upon recruitment and data were collected at two time points, from 2005 - 2008 and from 2008 – 2010. This thesis demonstrates that few individuals meet criteria for NES.NES symptoms are related to a behavioural delay in children and may be associated with a less healthful diet. Furthermore, certain night eating symptoms are related to weight gain and metabolic health in adults.
Monne, Dao Luc. "Trouble de la fonction alimentaire : une homosexualité primaire négative ?" Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100170.
Full textIn this work, I suggest a metapsychological analysis of eating disorder, more specifically the homosexual problematic. Supported with patient’s clinical, I develop the way of and mostly the difficulties to invest an object; proof of this is seen in the resistance produced by analytic treatment. Object investment supposes to be able to feel oneself without being threat by meeting excitement. Object represents a threat and that is why, this project is focused on the primary homosexuality. This concept allows to conceive first relation matrix when child experience the first distinction between himself and the object. In this founding period where object is internalized, there is a snag. ; rift which mark body. It justify to have recourse to pulsional death theory as a way to survive. Body in eating function disorders is the subject of a self-control conservative paradox. This body’s sabotage intends to stifle pregenital sexual impulse that I try to elaborate around three axes: body crualisation process, alter ego object and vampiric fantasy
Ménard, Jessica. "Etude rétrospective de la relation alimentaire mère-enfant : limites et perspectives." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20035.
Full textWe have prioritized a multi-dimensional approach of the mother-child feeding relationship, from the following research question : can the feeding relationship between a mother and her child be the starting point for the development of eating disorder, and maybe for a subsequent eating disorder? Objectives: understanding of this relation on the child's relation to food. Estimating the junction between this relation and individual factors and environmental. Arousing a reflection about the possibility that a neurological vulnerability may be associated. Population: 21 eating disorders women and 7 mothers having at least one child suffering from eating disorders. Method: Questionnaires for Eating Disorder Diagnoses, Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and a semi-directive interview. Data analyses showed the influence of negative emotions in the eating disorder's group; and a tendency, among mothers, to eat in reaction to external stimuli. Finally, we can assert that the mother and child feeding relationship cannot be the only explanation for eating disorder's complexity
Bret-Dibat, Jean-Luc. "Mécanismes d'action des cytokines inflammatoires sur le comportement à motivation alimentaire." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28380.
Full textSimler, Nadine. "Altérations du comportement alimentaire en environnements externes : intégration centrale : étude chez le rongeur." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10258.
Full textExposure to extreme environments usually elicits alteration in feeding behavior in men and rodents. We studied the involvement of leptin and it’s central targets in the development of anorexia induced by psychogenic stress or altitude exposure. Our results suggested that restraint stress elicited SOCS-3 induction, modulated leptin signalling in hypothalamus, and was therefore likely to alter the regulation of body weight homeostasis. Using a rat model of genetic leptin receptor deficiency, the obese Zucker rat, we unequivocally demonstrated that altitude-induced anorexia could not be ascribed to anorectic signals triggered by enhanced leptin production. A third experiment suggested that the hypothalamic AMPKinase system may play a determinant role in the early stage of altitude-induced anorexia. The involvement of this system in other anorexigenic situations such as sustained exercise needs to be examined
Sala, Loretta. "Étude des variables cliniques, psychologiques et discursives chez des patientes souffrant de troubles du comportement alimentaire." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/150019343#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textOur study was conducted with patients hospitalised for eating disorders to determine levels of anorexic and bulimic behaviour, associated co-morbidity, food categorisation, body perception, and speech content. Subsequently, we assess the influence of re-nutrition and cognitive behavioural therapies on these variables. Forty-two restrictive anorexics (AN-R) and 33 bulimic-anorexics (AN-BP/BN) were evaluated on four occasions using self questionnaires and tests adapted for measuring these variables: EAT, EDI, BITE, BDI, STAI, RAS, a food categorisation test, a body image perception test and a speech content test. Patients were compared with 83 healthy female participants evaluated on a single occasion. Body mass index increased considerably throughout the hospitalisation treatment. EAT and EDI scores remained at pathological levels despite considerable reductions; BITE scores normalised. Moderate to severe depression and pathological anxiety remained prevalent despite noteworthy improvements. At the beginning of the hospital treatment, AN-R and AN-BP/BN patients classed all 27 foods in the same manner. At the end of the in-patient care just 14 foods were classed similarly by the two sub groups. AN-R patients overestimated their body size in contrast to AN-BP/BN patients who, like control subjects, underestimated their body size. Post-treatment, AN-R patients persisted in overestimating their body shape whereas AN-BP/BN patient normalised. Ideal and desired body shape perception differs little between patient subtypes and normalises post-treatment with control subjects. Speech analysis showed that AN-BP/BN patients tended to be similar to the control subjects. Nonetheless, they constantly suffer their body shape over the course of the hospitalisation. AN-R patients suffer their thinness at the start of the in-patient care and they suffer their weight regain at the end of the treatment
Massoubre, Catherine. "Dimensions de personnalité et troubles du comportement alimentaire : à propos d'une étude européenne de 1068 anorexiques ou boulimiques." Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STET003T.
Full textLuce, Christelle Bibas Jean-Pierre. "Description clinique et moyens de prise en charge actuels des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) chez l'adolescent anorexie, boulimie /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2005. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0234749.pdf.
Full textEkeroth, Kerstin. "Psychological problems in adolescents and young women with eating disturbances." Göteborg : Department of Psychology, Göteborg University [Psykologiska Institutionen, Göteborgs universitet], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/178.
Full textLegrand, Romain. "Effets modulateurs des immunoglobulines plasmatiques sur les hormones peptidiques impliquées dans la régulation du comportement alimentaire." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUENR02.
Full textNowadays, food intake disorders are a major public health problem. In those patients, a modification of their food intake regulation is observed. Plasmatic levels of ghrelin, the main orexigenic hormone, are impared in those diseases. Moreover, in obese patients, ghrelin injections are more efficient on food intake than in normal persons suggesting a better transport of this hormone in the blood circulation. Ghrelin reactive auto-antibodies could be responsible for this transport improvement. In this thesis work, the implication of the ghrelin reactive auto-antibodies was studied in food intake disorders. An affmity increase for ghrelin was identified in ghrelin reactive auto-antibodies from obese patients. It was responsible for a ghrelin effects improvement by a better transport due to the fixation increase and a better protection from its degradation. In anorexia, opposite changes were observed. Moreover, the co-injection of ghrelin with immunoglobulins from obese patients or mice stimulated more efficiently food intake and was beneficial against the anorectic phenotype in a murine model of anorexia. So, the implication of the ghrelin reactive auto-antibodies in the physiopathology of food intake disorders and their potential interest in the treatment of anorexia was demonstrated. The hedonic control of the food intake was also studied in this thesis. Indeed, the influence of a-MSH, an anorectic peptide, was studied by microdialysis on the dopamine liberation in lateral hypothalamic area and the nucleus accumbens
Dedenon-Mayer, Isabelle Ziegler Olivier. "Etude et description des troubles du comportement alimentaire chez les patients obèses A propos de 701 cas /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2008_DEDENON_MAYER_ISABELLE.pdf.
Full textRoma, Vanessa. "Théâtre, thérapie et troubles du comportement alimentaire : pratiques scéniques à partir de fragments d'Enfance de Nathalie Sarraute." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20045.
Full textIn art-therapy, although literature can raise the positive effects of Theatre practice in therapy, it is little referenced to a specific psychopathology and/ or indications which may demonstrate the hypothesised relationship between Theatre, psychology and cathartic effects. However, theatrical mediation is unique in that it joins together work with body, voice, gaze and emotional expression, referring to a range of proven techniques, and allowing the construction of specific devices adapted to such and such symptoms and/ or pathologies. In this context, a specific device was developed with 30 people hospitalised for eating disorders (ED). It is based mainly on the book “Childhood” by Nathalie Sarraute, and on the technical work of the Actor. An assessment of the shows and processes was conducted by following a test/ re-test procedure, with an observation grid including both theatrical and clinical aspects. The results allow us to see that for all involved, Theatre helps artistically, clinically and statistically in the construction and affirmation of self-image. Moreover, it allows them to feel, perceive, recognise and express their emotions and develop theatrical coping strategies.Overall, there is some inter-penetration: if Theatre is a mediation relevant to people with ED, they bring their own particularly symbolising and uniquely enriching monstration to said various theatrical devices. The key is to create, or recreate through an exchange, the journey between body and JE(u) (I/play) and JE(u) (I/play) to the body through psychological, aesthetical and theatrical catharsis on both sides of the stage. In fine, catharsis appears as the fundamental process uniting mediated therapies and Theatre in an innovative approach
Bau, Chang Martha T. C. "Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution du comportement alimentaire des adolescents vivants à Taïwan." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10046.
Full textBouchez, Jacques. "Les troubles du comportement alimentaire et l'obsession, la compulsion : association de troubles ou relation symtomatique ? pour une approche psychopathologique dans l'etude de populations." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M165.
Full textGagnon, Caroline, and Caroline Gagnon. "La mesure des émotions suscitées par des images de nourriture chez des femmes présentant un trouble des conduites alimentaires." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37739.
Full textLes troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA), soit l’anorexie mentale (AN) et la boulimie (BN), constituent des pathologies graves et complexes. Leur étiologie est multidéterminée, leur comorbidité forte, leurs conséquences sévères et multiples et leur évolution sinueuse. De plus, pour un bon nombre de patientes, les TCA représentent des maladies chroniques en raison, notamment, de l’efficacité mitigée, à moyen/long terme, des stratégies utilisées pour les traiter ou, autrement dit, de la persistance post-suivi de certains de leurs symptômes. Parmi ceux-ci figure le maintien d’une relation perturbée avec la nourriture. Depuis quelques années, il est reconnu que des facteurs intuitifs et spontanés, comme les émotions, influencent fortement la prise alimentaire. Or, selon le modèle à cinq voies de Macht (2008), les émotions suscitées par les aliments, en tant que stimuli en soi, représentent la porte d’entrée de la relation unissant les affects et la prise alimentaire des individus. En fait, la valeur hédonique attribuée à une denrée prédirait la quantité qui en serait consommée en termes de grammes ou de calories ingérées. Plutôt que de s’intéresser aux émotions vécues par les patientes dans un contexte de vie général, la présente thèse se penche sur les émotions évoquées par la nourriture comme bases explicatives potentielles de la prise alimentaire inadéquate des femmes présentant un TCA. Pour ce faire, les réponses émotionnelles de participantes souffrant d’AN et de BN à la vue d’images de nourriture sont mesurées et comparées à celles de participantes sans TCA ainsi qu’à celles générées par des images d’objets. Le premier objectif de la thèse consiste à déterminer, par le recours à des mesures explicites/directes de l’émotion et le contrôle des biais rencontrés dans les études antérieures sur le sujet, les réactions induites par les aliments propres aux TCA. Les résultats révèlent que les patientes, dans leur ensemble, ont une réaction élevée de peur à la vue des images de nourriture soumises. Cette réaction s’avère spécifique, c’est-à-dire non attribuable à un manque d’uniformité des stimuli exposés, à l’état interne des participantes (faim, symptômes affectifs préexpérimentaux), à leurs connaissances nutritionnelles et à la présence, chez elles, d’une sensibilité globale plus élevée au dégoût et/ou d’une capacité générale réduite à éprouver du plaisir. De façon plus détaillée, chez les femmes avec AN, tous les aliments, peu importe leur valeur calorique, engendrent une réaction élevée de peur, alors que chez celles avec BN, une telle réaction n’est observée que pour les denrées/mets à haute densité énergétique. Le deuxième objectif de la thèse cherche à valider, par l’adoption de mesures implicites/indirectes, les réponses émotionnelles précédemment recueillies. L’usage de méthodes implicites vise à contourner les biais expérimentaux liés aux mesures explicites et aider à faire la lumière sur l’ambiguïté présente dans la littérature quant aux réactions émotionnelles directes et indirectes des patientes avec BN. Afin d’éviter de soumettre les participantes à des enregistrements physiologiques intrusifs, et sachant que les émotions modulent l’estimation de la durée de présentation de divers stimuli, une perspective fondée sur des jugements temporels est adoptée. Les résultats révèlent que les femmes avec AN surestiment la durée de présentation des images de nourriture soumises par rapport à celle d’images d’objets. Cette surestimation est aussi observée en comparaison aux jugements fournis par les femmes avec BN. Ces dernières, toutefois, ne montrent aucune distorsion temporelle lorsque des images d’aliments sont présentées. L’effet de surestimation des durées de nourriture par les patientes souffrant d’AN est interprété comme étant la conséquence d’une réaction de peur, laquelle se révèle à nouveau être un élément caractéristique de la pathologie des participantes. Considérés dans leur globalité, les travaux de la présente thèse démontrent que la nourriture, en tant que stimulus distinctif, est génératrice d’une peur intense chez les femmes souffrant d’un TCA. Puisque la peur suscitée par un aliment/mets conduit à son rejet – et que plus cet aliment/mets est évité, plus la peur qui lui est associée grandit et se cristallise – la thèse souligne l’importance de prendre en considération, de manière spécifique et exhaustive, la question de la peur de la nourriture dès le début de la prise en charge des patientes. À cet égard, comme complément aux thérapies déjà validées pour l’AN et la BN, l’inclusion de stratégies utilisées pour le traitement des troubles anxieux (p.ex., exposition graduée, prévention de la réponse) constitue une voie intéressante.
Eating disorders (ED), more specifically anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), are serious mental illnesses. In that sense, their etiology is multi-determined, their comorbidity is high, their consequences are severe and multiple, and the road to their recovery is a sinuous path. In addition, for a number of patients, ED are long-lasting diseases due to the mixed results of their treatment or, in other words, to the continuity of their symptoms after being discharged from a specialized care program. Since a few years, unconscious, automatic and intuitive processes, like emotions, are recognized for their important influence on food intake. Notably, Macht’s Five-way Model (2008) postulates that food-evoked emotions are powerful determinants of food choice because, in a hierarchical perspective, they represent the first way by which emotions can control individuals’ food intake. In fact, the hedonic value of food has been demonstrated to be predictive of energy consumption and/or the amount of food consumed at a meal. Instead of investigating emotions experienced by ED women in their general life, the present thesis is interested in food-induced emotions as potential explanatory factors of inadequate patients’ food intake. To that end, emotional responses of participants suffering from AN and BN are compared to those of healthy controls (HC) and to those aroused by object images. The first objective of the thesis is to identify food-induced emotions that are distinctive in ED, by using explicit/direct measures of emotions and controlling for previous studies’ limitations. The results show that ED patients experience a higher level of fear towards food pictures than HC, which is specific to their pathology. Differently said, that food-evoked reaction is neither due to the use of heterogenous stimuli, nor to patients’ internal state (hunger, pre-experimental emotional symptoms), nutritional knowledge and potential higher disgust sensitivity or general anhedonia. In more details, in AN women, the fear response occurs towards all food, whereas in BN women, that is observed for high-caloric products only. The second objective of the thesis is to validate the food-induced emotions obtained by explicit tasks with implicit/indirect measures, in order to avoid biases associated to the latter and to help alleviating ambiguity in the literature about BN women’s indirect and direct reactions towards food. Because psychophysiological recordings, as traditional implicit techniques, are somewhat invasive and unpleasant – particularly for ED women who are biologically monitored on a recurring basis – a different method is used, namely the presentation of food pictures and judgements about the duration of these presentations. The time perception perspective adopted is based on the fact that timing is sensitive to emotions and that temporal distortions give insights about how the environment is processed. The results revealed that AN women overestimate the duration of food pictures in comparison to pictures of objects. Also, compared to participants with BN, they perceive the duration of food pictures as longer. However, BN patients do not show any time distortion for food pictures. The overestimation effect observed in AN women for food pictures is understood as the effect of a fear reaction, which is shown, once more, to be ED-specific. Considered all together, the findings of the present thesis demonstrate that emotions provoked by food, as stimuli per se, generate an intense reaction of fear in women suffering from an ED. Since fear induced by a food product leads to its rejection – and considering that the more an item is avoided, the more the fear associated with it increases – the thesis highlights the need to address distinctly and exhaustively patients’ fear toward food as soon as they begin treatment. For this purpose, as a complement to AN and BN validated therapies, the use of clinical strategies applied for the management of anxious disorders appears to be a promising avenue (e.g., exposure and response prevention).
Eating disorders (ED), more specifically anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), are serious mental illnesses. In that sense, their etiology is multi-determined, their comorbidity is high, their consequences are severe and multiple, and the road to their recovery is a sinuous path. In addition, for a number of patients, ED are long-lasting diseases due to the mixed results of their treatment or, in other words, to the continuity of their symptoms after being discharged from a specialized care program. Since a few years, unconscious, automatic and intuitive processes, like emotions, are recognized for their important influence on food intake. Notably, Macht’s Five-way Model (2008) postulates that food-evoked emotions are powerful determinants of food choice because, in a hierarchical perspective, they represent the first way by which emotions can control individuals’ food intake. In fact, the hedonic value of food has been demonstrated to be predictive of energy consumption and/or the amount of food consumed at a meal. Instead of investigating emotions experienced by ED women in their general life, the present thesis is interested in food-induced emotions as potential explanatory factors of inadequate patients’ food intake. To that end, emotional responses of participants suffering from AN and BN are compared to those of healthy controls (HC) and to those aroused by object images. The first objective of the thesis is to identify food-induced emotions that are distinctive in ED, by using explicit/direct measures of emotions and controlling for previous studies’ limitations. The results show that ED patients experience a higher level of fear towards food pictures than HC, which is specific to their pathology. Differently said, that food-evoked reaction is neither due to the use of heterogenous stimuli, nor to patients’ internal state (hunger, pre-experimental emotional symptoms), nutritional knowledge and potential higher disgust sensitivity or general anhedonia. In more details, in AN women, the fear response occurs towards all food, whereas in BN women, that is observed for high-caloric products only. The second objective of the thesis is to validate the food-induced emotions obtained by explicit tasks with implicit/indirect measures, in order to avoid biases associated to the latter and to help alleviating ambiguity in the literature about BN women’s indirect and direct reactions towards food. Because psychophysiological recordings, as traditional implicit techniques, are somewhat invasive and unpleasant – particularly for ED women who are biologically monitored on a recurring basis – a different method is used, namely the presentation of food pictures and judgements about the duration of these presentations. The time perception perspective adopted is based on the fact that timing is sensitive to emotions and that temporal distortions give insights about how the environment is processed. The results revealed that AN women overestimate the duration of food pictures in comparison to pictures of objects. Also, compared to participants with BN, they perceive the duration of food pictures as longer. However, BN patients do not show any time distortion for food pictures. The overestimation effect observed in AN women for food pictures is understood as the effect of a fear reaction, which is shown, once more, to be ED-specific. Considered all together, the findings of the present thesis demonstrate that emotions provoked by food, as stimuli per se, generate an intense reaction of fear in women suffering from an ED. Since fear induced by a food product leads to its rejection – and considering that the more an item is avoided, the more the fear associated with it increases – the thesis highlights the need to address distinctly and exhaustively patients’ fear toward food as soon as they begin treatment. For this purpose, as a complement to AN and BN validated therapies, the use of clinical strategies applied for the management of anxious disorders appears to be a promising avenue (e.g., exposure and response prevention).
Bouvagnet, Migraine Audrey Des Robert Clotilde. "Influence de la croissance et de facteurs environnementaux sur le comportement alimentaire à 2 ans d'enfants nés prématurés." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=48636.
Full textHamze, Sinno Maria. "Mécanismes de l'anorexie au cours de l'inflammation intestinale : le rôle des autoanticorps dirigés contre l'α-MSH dans la régulation de l'appétit." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUENR05.
Full textTennoune, Naouel. "Validation du concept du mimétisme moléculaire entre les protéines d'E. Coli K12 et l'α-MSH." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES043.
Full textPeripheral and central regulatory peptides play important roles in mechanisms of appetite and body weight control. Recently autoantibodies (autoAbs) directed against appetite-regulating neuropeptides have been identified in subjects with eating disorders, suggesting that they may be involved in the mechanisms of altered appetite, but the origin of these autoAbs is unknown. Insilico study showed sequence homologies between α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a neuropeptide critically involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and proteins of gut microbiota. It suggests that gut microbiota can stimulate production of autoAbs against α-MSH by molecular mimicry. The aim of this project was to validate the molecular mimicry concept between gut microbiota proteins and α-MSH. In the first part, we applied a proteomic approach to identify if proteins of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) K12, a commensal strain of gut bacteria, may have molecular mimicry with α-MSH. We determine that E. Coli ClpB protein has conformational mimicry with α-MSH and that immunization of mice with ClpB stimulates production of anti-α-MSH IgG accompanied by increased food intake and body weight and lower anxiety in mice. We also showed that providing E. Coli K12 by gavage in rats increases body weight and plasma levels of ClpB and α-MSH-reactive IgG. Finally, we showed that anti-ClpB IgG are present in humans and that their plasma levels correlate with psychopathological traits in patients with eating disorders. Thus, bacterial proteins-stimulated production of IgG cross-reacting with peptide hormones appears as a molecular mechanism underlying bacterial control of host feeding behavior and emotion. In second part, to study gender differences observed in ED, we compared effects of chronic gavage with E. Coli K12 on the production of autoAbs against these melanocortin peptides between female and male rats. We found that prior to gavage, E. Coli K12 cDNA was detected in feces of female but not male rats. During gavage phase, body weight was increased in E. Coli exposed female rats but decreased in male rats. Independently to E. Coli treatment, plasma levels of anti- α-MSH and ACTH- IgG were higher in female than male rats. After gavage, female rats responded to E. Coli by increasing α-MSH IgG but male rats α-MSH IgM. Furthermore, E. Coli-treated females showed increased affinities of IgG for α-MSH which was not observed in males, but affinity of IgG for ACTH was increased in both female and male rats, although with different affinity kinetics. IgG from both control and E. Coli treated female rats enhanced more efficiently than IgG from male rats α-MSH-induced cAMP production by melanocortin 4 receptor expressing cells. Thus, these data show that the response to E. Coli K12 to produce autoAbs against melanocortin peptides is gender-dependent suggesting that presence or absence of E. Coli K12 as gut commensals may represent a gender-related risk factor relevant to eating disorders. Finally we studied if gut microbiota proteins can directly influence eating behaviour. Dynamics of bacterial growth depend on nutrients availability suggesting that it may differentially affect host control of food intake. We showed that repetitive nutrients provision to commensal E. Coli K12 bacteria modifies their proteomes so that the relative amount of bacterial enzymes involved in catabolic vs. Anabolic processes were elevated in the stationary phase indicating increased bacteria-derived energy substrates to the host. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of E. Coli proteins from the exponential phase increased but from the stationary phase decreased food intake in overnight fasted rats. In free feeding rats, E. Coli proteins increased c-fos expression in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. These data show that nutrients-triggered changes of E. Coli proteome may increase satiety signalling to the host supporting involvement of gut microbiota in host control of food intake
Coupé, Bérengère. "Impact de la nutrition périnatale sur la programmation du comportement alimentaire : de l'ontogenèse des réseaux hypothalamiques à la régulation de la prise alimentaire." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2103.
Full textIn neonatology, low birth weight babies (small for gestational age) who suffered of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are fed with protein enriched milk to ensure a catch-up growth and a better verbal intelligence quotient development. However, a catch-up growth after IUGR is correlated with metabolic syndrome associated diseases and with an energy balance regulation impair at adulthood. This observation is known as “foetal and/or postnatal programming”. The mechanisms at the origin of programming are still unknown. We hypothesized that food behaviour alterations could be associate to metabolic disease at adulthood and take place during early postnatal period when hypothalamus ontogeny occurs. The aim of this study was to determine, using IUGR experimental model in rodents induce by protein restriction during foetal life, the impact of a rapid catch-up growth (IUGR pups were nursed by ad-libitum-fed dams or artificial reared with protein enriched milk) on the ontogeny and the regulation of appetite hypothalamic networks. We demonstrated a positive effect of rapid catch-up growth after IUGR on establishment of hypothalamic pathways and on appetite regulation at weaning. However, food behaviour and metabolic parameters during a refeeding period were impaired in adult IUGR rats. These alterations seem to be programmed in utero. Our results indicate an alteration of food behavior which could be an important factor in the way to develop metabolic disorders
Gouneaud-Lafontaine, Valérie. "Etude des troubles de la conduite alimentaire dans une population de jeunes diabétiques insulino-dépendants." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11094.
Full textAllès, Benjamin. "Profils de comportement alimentaire et déclin cognitif chez les sujets âgés en Aquitaine et au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30511/30511.pdf.
Full textDietary or nutrient patterns may be promising strategies to investigate the association between nutrition and cognitive function in older persons, because they capture the complexity of food intake. Both a priori defined, measuring adherence to specific diets, and a posteriori data driven dietary patterns have been reported to be associated with better cognitive function in older persons. To date, no study has investigated the link between a posteriori derived nutrient patterns and cognitive decline. The main objective of this thesis, co-directed between University Bordeaux Segalen and University Laval, was to assess the relationship of nutrient patterns with cognitive impairment and decline in two cohorts of older persons from France and Canada in a longitudinal analysis. Among the subjects from the Three-City (3C, France) study and Quebec Longitudinal Study NuAge (Quebec, Canada), respectively 1,388 and 1,454 had nutritional data at baseline and repeated measures of global cognitive function over 5 years. A similar principal component analysis was used in the two samples to derive nutrient patterns and allow the identification of three nutrient patterns in each study. The diet quality, lifestyle and socio-economic characteristics associated with each nutrient pattern were described in a first study. Then, longitudinal analyses were performed in both cohorts to estimate the association between nutrient patterns and cognitive function or decline. In both cohorts, we observed an opposition in diet quality between the first two nutrient patterns. In 3C, the healthy nutrient pattern was associated with better cognitive function at baseline, whereas the western nutrient pattern was associated with cognitive impairment at baseline. No association between any of the nutrient patterns and cognitive decline was reported in both cohorts. To date, the evidence concerning dietary or nutrient patterns and cognitive function in older persons does not yet allow the development of nutritional policies and programs to prevent cognitive decline. Key-words: epidemiology, aging, nutrition, cognitive decline
Bailly-Lambin, Isabelle. "Angoisse de séparation et conduites de dépendance." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070125.
Full textLucas, Nicolas. "Étude du rôle des immunoglobulines plasmatiques dans la modulation du signal anorexigène porté par l'α-MSH sur le récepteur aux mélanocortines de types 4 : implication dans la physiopathologie des troubles du comportement alimentaire et de l'obésité." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUENR03.
Full textObesity (OB) and eating disorders (ED) are major health problems which pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. Humans naturally display auto-antibodies that are reactive with a-MSH and ghrelin, two key regulatory hormones implicated in the satiety and hunger pathways, respectively. The present work aimed at analysis of immunoglobulins (Ig) autoantibodies directed against these peptides for their possible role in the appetite dysfunctions found in these diseases. Because the melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R) is critical to mediate a-MSH anorexigenic effects, we first characterized the impact of anti-a-MSH IgG from immunized rabbits or ED and OB patients on activation of MC4R expressing cells in vitro. We found that anti-a-MSH IgG display an allosteric effect on MC4R signaling which is altered in ED and OB. Moreover novel chronic neuropeptide chronic delivery tool in the brain was developed which opens further opportunities for the study of long-term effects of peptides molecules on feeding behavior. Furthermore the characterization of ghrelin-reactive IgG affinity kinetic proprieties was found to depend on nutritional status. Taken together these data helped to integrate autoantibodies in the regulation of both orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways involvement in the pathophysiology of ED and OB
Dominique, Manon. "Effets pharmacologiques d'une protéine bactérienne mimétique d'hormones satiétogènes : la protéine ClpB sur le comportement alimentaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR072/document.
Full textThe study of the gut microbiota and especially the effect of its secretory products is an expanding field of research in order to open therapeutic perspectives for nutritional diseases such as obesity or TCA. Among these molecules, the Caseinolytic peptidase B (ClpB) is a bacterial protein having a molecular mimicry in common with α-MSH, a neuropeptide whose anorectic actions are peripheral and central and possible via a microbiota-intestinal-brain communication. Current studies attempt to demonstrate whether this molecular mimicry can confer similar anorectic effects at the ClpB protein. The aim of this thesis was studied the potential pharmacological effects of ClpB protein the regulation of eating behavior. Given that the composition of the gut microbiota is dependent on the food present, the first study was evaluated in vitro the impact of three types of macronutrients on the production and expression of the ClpB protein by E. coli bacteria. Then, it was evaluated whether this protein could influence the secretion of satietogenic peptides like PYY by intestinal enteroendocrine cells using a primary culture of rat intestinal cells. Previous studies of U 1073 laboratory have shown that this protein has been found at the plasma level, the second study was performed in mice submitted to an anorexia model (ABA) to clarify the impact of dietary restriction on the ClpB protein, to better understand its possible involvement in the physiopathology of anorexia nervosa. Finally, the third study was evaluated the pharmacological effects of ClpB protein on food intake in vivo in rodents. The impact of the natural fragmentation of this protein and particularly of one of its fragments on food intake was also evaluated
Morin, Julie. "Examen des manifestations de la dysmorphie musculaire : intégration de différentes perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69314.
Full textAimé, Annie. "Analyse des aspects psychosociaux reliés aux troubles des conduites alimentaires." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46813.
Full textMartin, Agnoux Aurore. "Étude du comportement alimentaire et du métabolisme énergétique chez le rat dans un modèle de programmation métabolique." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9ec0e02d-1a14-4861-af38-8aa7c6f1ff07.
Full textAccording to the concept of “metabolic programming”, an adverse perinatal nutritional environment and particularly a modification of the prenatal growth trajectory, could predispose to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life. In this context, the present study has investigated in what extend perinatal nutrition permanently alter feeding behaviour and energy metabolism what could contribute to the onset of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This work was experimentally conducted on a rodent model of metabolic programming induced by maternal protein restriction in the perinatal period with the subsequent exposure of the adult offspring to a Western diet, where both targeted methodological approaches (behavioural, functional and biological) and untargeted metabolomic phenotyping were integrated. Our results show that a slow growth in utero permanently alters feeding rhythms, predisposes to fat accretion and alters mitochondrial function. In the offspring where only postnatal growth was slowed, despite an impaired satiety-control, the body composition is maintained and insulin sensitivity increases. Additionally, maternal protein restriction induces a change in the composition of milk, which could explain the early changes in energy metabolism and long-term reprogramming. These new data encourage further experimental and clinical research in order to improve our understanding in mechanisms involved in the development of metabolic diseases