Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Troubles du spectre de l'autisme – Chez l'enfant'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 46 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Troubles du spectre de l'autisme – Chez l'enfant.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Garnier, Laetitia. "Sommeil et troubles du spectre de l'autisme : caractérisation des troubles du sommeil dans une approche développementale." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20009.
Full textThe first part of this study was interested in the characteristics of sleeping disorders in a comparative and developmental approach with a population of children with autism and healthy controls, aged 2-12 years. The results find a higher prevalence within the population with autism and would indicate that its can intrinsically bound to the autistic disorders with a peak of the emergences estimated around 3-4 years. The sleep disturbances are not significantly linked in a set of factors nevertheless found correlated within the population control (age, duration, family events, sibship). This study also makes the report of a lack in the follow-up and the coverage of the difficulties of sleep.The second part of the research was studied the existing relations between the sleep problems (parasomnias, respiratory disorders and dyssomnias) Its would seem to participate in the perseveration of the problems of sleep at the child with autism, from the youngest age. The thrid part analyses the role of the sleep habits in the sleep problems at the child with autism. The functionning of the child with autism seem to participate in the maintenance of sleep problems
Bruneau-Bhérer, Rosée. "Le développement de la cognition sociale chez les enfants et ses liens avec le fonctionnement social dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24160.
Full textStill, Laura. "Etude rétrospective des signes précoces des troubles du spectre de l'autisme chez les très jeunes enfants déficients visuels." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2071/document.
Full textPrevious research ans clinical observations suggest a high incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in visually impaired children. A phenomena of developmental regression or stagnation « developmental setback » observed in the second year of life of visually impaired babies appears to predict the later occurrence of ASD. Relatively little research has explored the behavioural manifestations of very young visually impaired children before and around the apparition of developmental setback. For this retrospective study, home movies of blind children at the age of 12 months, 24 months and between 3 and 4 years, are analysed and behaviours of social communication are coded, to detect early signs of ASD. Films of blind children having later recieved a diagnosis of ASD are compared to films of blind children without ASD. The results indicate a lower frequency of certain social communication behaviours in blind children with ASD as early as 12 months old, with particular differences being observed in social engagement behaviours. Differences are also observed in the level of functional language from 24 months. Motor and language stereotyped behaviours are observed equally in the two groups until the age of 3 when these behaviours increase in the blind ASD children and decrease in the blind children without ASD. Divergences in the type of play are identified, sensory play being more frequent in the blind ASD children. Certain social rejection behaviours and sensory sensitivities are only observed in the blind ASD group. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of early ASD signs in the blind, and improvements in the early screening of ASD in very young visually impaired children, as well as guiding early intervention programmes
Medjkane, François. "Position autistique, position psychotique : pour une perspective psychopatologique des troubles envahissants du développement de l'enfant." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC087/document.
Full textFrom clinical experience of psychiatry practice in a French department for mental health, this work is focused on defining psychopathological specificities which are encountered in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) from described in ICD 10.A literature review from a historical and comprehensive perspective has allowed us to generate a research hypothesis. The autistic position would be correlated with autistic PDD and the psychotic position would be correlated with non-autistic PDD.For this project, we implemented a retrospective study based on a clinical population of children who have been evaluated with standard multidisciplinary assessments, done in the Nord-Pas de Calais’s Centre Resource Autisme.Through different observations, we could support the hypothesis that there is a difference between autistic PDD children and non-autistic PDD children in their affective and emotional relationship with the World.Thanks to this description of psychopathological particularities, this study takes us a step closer to offering each child with PDD the best individual support possible
Girard, Pauline. "Processus inférentiels sociaux et langagiers chez les enfants et adolescents avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme : approches clinique et développementale." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN20003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate the social and language development of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through the study of the non-literal aspects of language. Our first study explores the developmental trajectories of the social and language inferential processes underlying the understanding of this implicit dimension of language, as well as their predictive factors. This longitudinal study involved 12 children and adolescents with ASDs compared to their controls. Our second study involved the development and evaluation of a social skills training group (SSTG) for four adolescents with ASDs. This support was designed to address the social and language difficulties of people with ASD. Rather than a stable global deficit, the results of the first study highlight a partial and progressive alteration of the inferential capacities of the participants with an ASD. Regarding the predictive factors explored (chronological age, language level, executive functions), the performance of all participants was associated with chronological age. Among executive functions, only working memory appears as a predictive factor, and only for participants with an ASD. Concerning our second study, our results highlight the beneficial effect of the SSTG implemented for the four adolescents who participated. Our work opens perspectives in terms of evaluation and remediation to promote the development of inferential capacities in people with an ASD
Loquette, Sabrina. "Régulation émotionnelle et tempérament chez l'enfant typique ou porteur d'un trouble du spectre autistique : mise au point d'outils d'évaluation." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR123.
Full textAt the heart of this thesis is the study of the expression of Emotion Regulation (ER) and temperament during middle childhood. Unfortunately, few satisfactory scales are available in French. Thus, a first questionnaire has been developed for assessing skills of ER and a second scale has been translated to provide a characterization of temperament in children. Parental reports indicate decreased use of interpersonal ER, which suggests that with age, children learn to regulate their emotions, and to use intrapersonal strategies in order to cope with positive as well as negative emotions. On the contrary, expression of temperament appears to be stable during middle childhood, and these results are in agreement with literature. Finally, in a pilot research, we have compared the expression of ER and temperament of 8 boys with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) matched on chronological age with 8 boys with typical development. According to parental reports, children with ASD use less interpersonal ER and present more difficulties to regulate intense emotions (A-RE) in comparison to typical children. Intragroup analysis revealed two patterns of ER in children with ASD. These patterns differ precisely in regards to the intrapersonal ER and A-ER. Association between profiles of ER and different profiles of temperament highlight that temperamental dimension of effortful control is linked to the level of A-ER. As until now the emotional difficulties frequently encountered/reported in children with ASD have never been mentioned in terms of temperament, the results of this thesis present new innovative theoretical and practical perspectives
Infante, Françoise. "Développement linguistique et particularités motrices et sensorielles chez l'enfant avec trouble du spectre autistique : utilisation des tablettes numériques." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2040.
Full textThere is currently little data on the contribution of digital technology to language development in children with ASD. A research study was conducted over the course of 24 months among 20 children aged between 6 and 16 years to evaluate the language evolution and the sensory and motor characteristics. The digital tablet offered as a weekly individual intervention had a positive effect on language development and helped improve adaptive behaviors on a daily basis. The proposal for digital workshops based on 4 digital educational curriculum following on a bottom-up model, i.e. targeting the learning of phonology to vocabulary, semantics, syntax and pragmatics, promotes the linguistic and developmental progression of children. These results support a positive correlation between a progression of language and the evolution of adaptive behaviors in everyday life and in favor of a beneficial and significant contribution of digital in the cognitive interventions for children with ASD
Gilbert, Elsa. "La mémoire épisodique et le fonctionnement social dans les troubles du spectre autistique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28214/28214.pdf.
Full textSukenik, Nufar. "Sémantique lexicale et profils langagiers d'enfants avec autisme de langue hébraïque." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2024/document.
Full textCommunications in general and linguistic abilities in particular, constitute formidable obstacles for many children with ASD, who struggle with making their ideas, feelings and intentions known to others. Lexical semantics is fundamental to choosing the right words, and understanding the surrounding world. In research on ASD, language abilities are very widely measured on the basis of performance on tasks testing lexical semantic abilities—knowledge of the meaning of words. However, very little is known about how lexical semantic abilities are related to other aspects of language in ASD
Silleresi, Silvia. "Structural Language and Nonverbal Ability Profiles in Monolingual and Bilingual Children with ASD." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2027/document.
Full textA diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) includes specification of any co-occurrence with language impairment and/or cognitive disabilities. Regarding language impairment, studies have reported that among verbal children with ASD a subgroup of children manifests significant structural language impairment (ASD-LI), similar to the one displayed by children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), while the rest display normal abilities (ASD-LN), like those found in Typically Developing (TD) children. Regarding cognitive disabilities, current large-scale studies have found that roughly one-third of individuals on the autism spectrum are affected
Léger, Elodie. "Interprétation des pronoms clitiques objets chez les enfants avec TSA et chez les enfants avec TSL. : étude comparative en suivi du regard." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2025.
Full textIt is well-known that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have language impairment. However, the nature of this impairment is still largely unknown. Some studies hold that language impairment in children with ASD is of the same nature as impairment found in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), whereas others argue that SLI and language impairment in ASD may be different both in their structure and their etiology. At the heart of this debate lies the difficulty of assessing language abilities of children with ASD, especially when active participation is required. Moreover, to date, few studies have investigated formal aspects of language in children with ASD in languages other than English. In this study, we explore real-time interpretation of grammatical cues in French-speaking children with ASD, with a focus on object clitics
Despois, Julien. "Situations d'inclusion de jeunes enfants avec des troubles du spectre autistique à l'école maternelle : évolution de la participation sociale des élèves et des représentations professionnelles des enseignants." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR080.
Full textThis thesis studies the situations of inclusion of young children with ASD enrolled in preschool. More precisely, this thesis has three objectives. First, this study aims to study the dynamics of the interaction between adults and pupils with ASD included in a nursery school, according to the proposed activity (free play and teacher-led activities). Then, the evolution of this dynamic was analyzed during a school year. Finally, the last objective was to better understand the evolution of teachers' professional representations of situations of inclusion. In this perspective, eight kindergarten classes welcoming a child with ASD were first observed. Then, the observation continued in (ou with?) two classes during a school year. In parallel to these observations, semi-directive interviews were conducted with teachers at three different times of the year in order to address their professional representations. The analysis of observational data from State Space Grids indicates that there is no difference between the activities for either the social participation of children or adult guidance. Moreover, the observations made during the year reveal that the situations of inclusion evolve in a singular way from one type of activity to another, and from one situation of inclusion to another. At the same time, the interview’s results show that professional representations change differently over time depending on the teacher and the inclusion situation in which they find themselves. These results show a diversity of situations of inclusion in preschool and question the training systems within the framework of inclusive schools. The conclusions of the various studies lead us to propose a three-dimensional analysis model of the situations of inclusion of young children with ASD in preschool
Briet, Gaëtan. "Inclusion scolaire et mise en place d’un accompagnement médico-psychologique précoce pour les enfants présentant un Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20020/document.
Full textInclusive education of children with disabilities becomes a priority of educational policies. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are therefore concerned by these transformations. This thesis which falls in the developmental psychopathology research field pursues a dual objective. On the one hand, we examined the developmental trajectories of children with ASD who attended a new inclusive classroom (study 1). On the other hand, we evaluated the effect of two peer-mediated interventions, applied within the socio-constructivist framework, and implemented in symbolic play setting (study 2) or during academic activities on digital tablet (study 3). 18 children with ASD and 26 children with typical development were involved in this thesis. After two years of follow-up, results of the study 1 showed that children with ASD significantly progress in terms of cognitive and socio-communicative skills. However, a large variability between children was also noted. The extent of children’s progress was associated with several factors such as chronological age, non-verbal intelligence and language abilities. Results of the studies 2 and 3 showed that train typical peers about the way to interact with their ASD buddies can improve socio-communicative skills of children with ASD. All typical participants also demonstrated an immediate increase in the number of tutoring behaviors after the introduction of the intervention. These results open promising perspectives in terms of educational practices that could be implemented in school setting to promote inclusion of students with ASD
Benabou, Marion. "Étude génétique de la voie sérotonine-N-acétylsérotonine-mélatonine et de ses anomalies dans la vulnérabilité aux Troubles du Spectre Autistique (TSA) et dans la prématurité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB010.
Full textBiochemical abnormalities of the serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin pathway have been reported in many clinical conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorders and preterm birth. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway regulation, as well as the causes of these biochemical abnormalities remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was thus to characterize the genetic basis of the serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin pathway. To do so, we used a quantitative genetic approach in two independent populations that were previously biochemically explored for this pathway. One cohort consisted of more than 250 families with ASD and more than 300 controls and the other was composed of 183 infants including 93 very preterm newborns. Both cohorts included individuals with clinical conditions associated with disruptions of the serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin pathway. Narrow sense heritability analysis of this pathway showed relatively high estimates, ranging from 0.22 for melatonin to 0.72 for N-acetyserotonin (NAS). First, candidate-gene association studies including 812 genes related to the serotonin-NAS-melatonin pathway, then genome-wide association studies were conducted. These analyses did not identify any variant associated at the genome-wide significance level. However, a gene-based approach identified three new candidate genes (IL21R, JMJD7 and MAPKBP1) for the regulation of the pathway in families with ASD as well as one gene (RAET1G) in the cohort of preterm and term newborns. Finally, a biochemical exploration of the phenol-sulfotransferases (PST) in families with ASD revealed a decreased enzyme activity in 29% of patients compared with controls (5th percentile). SULT1A1-4 genes were then sequenced and copy number variants (CNV) were genotyped. No genetic variant could be significantly associated with PST activity, melatonin and serotonin levels, or ASD status. In conclusion, these results confirm the complexity of serotonin-NAS-melatonin pathway genetic architecture. Furthermore, this study revealed high heritability of this pathway and identified new candidate genes to understand the inter-individual variability of this pathway in ASD, preterm birth and the general population
Oubrahim, Leïla. "Comportements agressifs réactifs et proactifs et du jugement moral chez des enfants et adolescents présentant une déficience intellectuelle associée ou non à un trouble du spectre autistique." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2016/document.
Full textThis PhD work investigates the characteristics of aggressive behavior in people with intellectual disability (ID), with or without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To do this, we have validated two American Aggressive Behavior Rating Scales, "Children's Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive / Proactive" (Famer & Aman, 2009) and "Behavior Problem Inventory-S". (Rojahn et al., 2012). The results showed good psychometric properties. This allowed us to identify different hetero and auto-aggressive behaviors depending on presence or absence of ASD in the ID. Finally, the study of moral development is relevant to better understand the etiology of aggressive behavior in ID people. Indeed, the results have shown difficulties in the treatment of information (Intent - Consequence) of an event
Léger, Elodie. "Interprétation des pronoms clitiques objets chez les enfants avec TSA et chez les enfants avec TSL. : étude comparative en suivi du regard." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2025/document.
Full textIt is well-known that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have language impairment. However, the nature of this impairment is still largely unknown. Some studies hold that language impairment in children with ASD is of the same nature as impairment found in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), whereas others argue that SLI and language impairment in ASD may be different both in their structure and their etiology. At the heart of this debate lies the difficulty of assessing language abilities of children with ASD, especially when active participation is required. Moreover, to date, few studies have investigated formal aspects of language in children with ASD in languages other than English. In this study, we explore real-time interpretation of grammatical cues in French-speaking children with ASD, with a focus on object clitics
Garry, Cécile. "Etude longitudinale des compétences sociales chez les enfants avec TSA d'âge préscolaire : articulation entre approches expérimentale et écologique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR145/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to assess the development of social skills in preschool childrenwith ASD. 19 children (mean age at baseline = 52.44 months, SD = 10.07) enrolled in Kindergarten special schools were followed for 10 months. Based on the model of Yeates et al. (2007), social skills are apprehended according to two of three components, the social information processing and the social interaction behaviors. The social information processing is evaluated by the visual exploration of social scenes in an eye-tracking paradigm. The social interaction behaviors are observed in ecological situation at school. Expectedly, the main results show that the severity of the disorders and the socio-communicative level at the beginning of the study influence the development of children’s social skills in these two components. However, this need to be modulated according to the context. Patterns of social scenes exploration are relatively stable during the school year. On the other hand, a progress is notable in terms of social behavior in the classroom. In addition, links can be made between the development of social information processing and social interaction behaviors in the classroom. The analysis of individual profiles demonstrates a variety of individual social skills development trajectories that can be linked to the clinical profiles of children
Krieger, Anne-Emmanuelle. "Étude du développement cognitif et socio-émotionnel, et de la régulation de l'activité d'enfants ayant le double diagnostic de trisomie 21 et d'autisme." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB209/document.
Full textContext. In France, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is still rarely identified in children with Down's syndrome (DS). However, specific autism diagnostic instruments have shown good sensitivity for detecting ASD in this population. DS is a genetic disease associated with mental retardation and with social, communicative and behavioural impairment making difficult the dual diagnosis. However, a lot of children with DS also present TSA. The lack of diagnosis deprives young children of an early and appropriate behavioural and developmental support. Objective. This study aimed (1) to provide evidence of specific features in the cognitive and socio-emotional development and activity regulation functioning of young children with a dual diagnosis and (2) to identify specificities compared to children with DS and children with TSA. This research also aimed to sensitize professionals to the recognition of this developmental psychopathology (dual diagnosis). This included encourage better identification of autism at an early age in children with DS, and to determine an appropriate support to their specific needs, focusing on cognitive and social development and activity regulation. Method. Participants: They were volunteers recruited in institutions and family associations. Three groups of children, matched in their developmental age, were compared: (i) 18 children with a dual diagnosis, (ii) 25 children with DS and (iii) 21 children with ASD. Their developmental level is included in the 4 to 24 months' age period. Tools: To diagnose autism, we used Dianostic and Statiscal Manual of mental disorders -fifth edition- (DSM-5, APA, 2013) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS, Schopler, Reichler & Daly, 1980). Cognitive and socio-emotional development assessed by means of the Socio-emotional and Cognitive Evaluation Battery (SCEB). Cognitive and emotional activities regulation assessed by Regulation Disorders Evaluation Grid (RDEG, Adrien,1996), the Coding and scoring grid for other-regulation and self-regulation (Nader-Grosbois, 2000) and the Emotion Regulation Checklist (Shields & Cicchetti,1997). Procedure: Parents were signed informed consent forms before the developmental and behavioural assessment of children. Results. We revealed the existence of specific developmental profiles among children with dual diagnosis of DS and ASD, and large variability inter- and intra-individual in the development and emotional regulation of children with developmental disorders: DS with TSA / DS without TSA / TSA. Conclusion. A better knowledge of the developmental and regulation functioning characteristics of children with dual diagnosis of DS and ASD allows to propose personalized support and to increase awareness among professionals to to the importance of early recognition this dual diagnosis. It seems justified to diagnose ASD in young children with DS and consider it a primary disorder, in order to offer them a more adapted intervention
Boudjarane, Mohamed. "Etude observationnelle sur les domaines cognitifs, neurosensoriels et comportementaux de deux populations d'enfants avec des Troubles Envahissants du Développement." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0007.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to observe the potential effects of new treatment in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders. For this, we compared two groups of children with PDD, one being treated the other constituting a control group, across domains of cognition, sensory and behaviors of daily life and socialization. We collected different tools for our methodology: parental questionnaires, psychometric assessments and psychophysical assessments. We also used a comparative approach for the sensory domain integrating a typical child development group.The results of this work highlight that whole of the evaluated behaviors did not appear altered in our population of children with PDD. We pointed out increased improvements in treated children regarding their visuospatial abilities. We also found that these children had improvements in some verbal processes. We confirmed the presence of particular patterns of sensory behavior in children with PDD compared to the typically developed population.However, we did not show any difference in evolution of these sensory alterations between our two groups of children with PDD. Finally, repeated and restricted behaviors appeared to be more alleviated in treated PDD children than control PDD children but we did not confirm the improvements in social behaviors reported by previous studies. This study has brought results that need to be scrutinized in more detail, on a larger scale
Guffroy, Marine. "Adaptation de méthodes d’évaluation dans le cadre de la conception d’une application numérique pour un jeune public avec troubles du spectre autistique : étude au cours de la conception et de l'évaluation de l’application çATED au sein d'une ULIS TED." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA3001/document.
Full textTaking into account the specificities of the target audience and the contexts of use of an interactive application imply to question the generally recommended methodological principles for computer application design and evaluation. In the case of the creation of a tool dedicated to a young audience with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), communication difficulties and alterations in their social interactions prevent the implementation of an "ordinary", user-centered design methodology. Beyond the consideration of the established potential offered by digital technology for young people with ASD, it is a question of identifying and implementing the methods and techniques useful in order to evaluate the proposed prototypes, taking into account the characteristics of the public and its everyday context in school structure.The research presented in this thesis belong to the field of human-machine interactions (HMI). It questions the methodological principles of user-centered design: How to meet evaluation objectives when verbal communication is not guaranteed? What role for the target user in the design-evaluation cycle? What are the roles for the human and specialized relatives? How to observe and analyze the use of tablet software in the daily context of the target audience?More specifically, the research concerns the adaptation of ordinary methods of evaluation to the specific characteristics and behaviors of an extraordinary audience
Jagodowicz, Johanna. "Le développement précoce : quels indicateurs pour prévenir d'un trouble?" Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825021.
Full textMalvy, Joëlle. "Signes précoces et troubles de l'imitation dans l'autisme du nourrisson et du jeune enfant." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR3304.
Full textPené, Dominique. "La psychose et l'autisme de l'enfant au regard de l'hypothèse de l'asomasie." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20058.
Full text@Following J. Gagnepain and O. Sabouraud 's perspective know as clinical anthropology, autism and childhood psychosis have been treated as a deficient natural capacity. The present work aims to contribute towards the formalisation of the "somasique" function, which causes human beings to differentiate themselves from others and to establish a relationship with their congenerics, essential element in their social participation as egos. In fact this function operates independently from glossological, technique and axiologique capacities which allow access to the Sign, the Tool and the Norm. Thus some pathological manifestations should then be assumed to be symptomatic of a deficient somasique function. Here we demonstrate that various forms of childhood psychosis or autism may not originate from such morbid processes. They may in contrast arise from disorders known as incorporation and impregnation into which pathological manifestations commonly known as borderlines may be involved
Fourcade, Coralie. "Perception du fardeau chez les parents d'enfants avec Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme : approche quantitative et qualitative du vécu parental." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20012/document.
Full textStudy 1 – This validation study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version of the 21-item Caregiving Strain Questionnaire (FCGSQ-21), which evaluates caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder’s burden. A three-factor model was found to best fit the structure of this scale. Those factors include the objective burden as well as the internalized and externalized subjective burdens. In the present study, the FCGSQ-21’s homogeneity is excellent with a Cronbach’s alpha of .90. Study 2 –This study aims at investigating the psychological well-being of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) while comparing it to that of parents of children with Down Syndrome (SD) as well as that of parents of typically developing children (DT). Significant differences appear between parents of those different groups for perceived burden (F (2,56) = 18,34 ; p ≤ 0,001), and anxiety and depression (F (2,56) = 5,30 ; p =0,008 ; F (2,56) = 4,72 ; p = 0,013). Other significant differences are observed between parents of children with ASD and SD on all variables in this study, most notably for the sub-scale “Global Coordination of Care” (M SD = 6,7 ; ET = 1,82, M TSA = 5,24 ; ET = 1,67 ; t = 2,76, p = 0,009).Study 3 – First, the transactional integrative and multifactorial Model (TIM) adapted to parents of children with ASD was tested. Then, different profiles of parents linked to their psychological well-being in face of their child’s disorder were highlighted. It appears that dispositional optimism is an explicative variable of psychological well-being and anxiety and depression appear as mediating variables between dispositional optimism and burden perception. Three profiles of parents were highlighted. One profile of parents (n=63) displays reduced psychological well-being. The second profile (n=29) includes parents who maintained high psychological well-being. The last profile (n=75) is homogenous. Study 4 – This study aims to explore how mothers and fathers of children with ASD live with their child’s disorder. The mean comparisons between fathers and mothers highlight a higher care satisfaction, coordination and respect for mothers. Mothers also have a higher delegated dyadic coping (partner) and common dyadic coping than fathers do. The qualitative analysis revealed that fathers and mothers often do not have the same role with their child
Bordes, Loïc. "Activité hippocampique associée aux stimuli sociaux chez la souris Shank3 modèle des Troubles du Spectre Autistique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0044.
Full textAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) form a widespread neurodevelopmental disease affecting about 1% of the population. Core symptoms displayed by patients are medium to severe deficits in social interaction, limited center of interest, repetitive behavior as well as intellectual and/or cognitive deficiencies. Recent progress in human genetics enabled the identification of several susceptibility genes; many of them share common and prominent roles in the synapse. Deletion and de novo mutations of the SHANK3 gene have been associated in humans with severe forms of ASD, yet, the functional consequences of these mutations on behavioral disturbances remain largely unexplained. Mice carrying SHANK3 exon-21 deletion (Shank3(ΔC/ΔC)) display social deficits and significant neurophysiological alterations such as synaptic abnormalities, in particular in the hippocampus, a place of intense neuroplasticity during development and learning and memory process. Interestingly, even though hippocampal vulnerability has been recently highlighted as a key factor in ASD, and given its suggested role in social memory, the functional link between synaptic structural alterations and (social) behavioral impairments in ASD has not yet been elucidated. It is even unclear whether and how the Hippocampus, best known for its critical role in spatial navigation (e.g. “place cell” activity creating spatial maps) and episodic memory, can also process social information. Hence, we examined if and how hippocampal place cells in normal mice respond to social stimuli during different social experiments, and the extent to which place cell firings are altered in Shank3(ΔC/ΔC) mice. Our data demonstrate that hippocampal place cell activity of wild-type animals can be significantly modulated by the presence of congeners in the nearby environment. Notably, place cells display global remapping when the mouse is exposed to a novel animal in a blocked/fixed location in both wild-type and Shank3(ΔC/ΔC) mice. However, some of the processes observed were significantly modified in mice lacking Shank3. These elements show that the hippocampus may play a crucial role in the creation of meaningful representations of experiences, associating spatial, contextual and social information, and these processes might be altered in ASD, possibly leading to cognitive inflexibility. The SHANK3 gene deletion also produced significant changes in network behavior, excitation/inhibition balance in addition to fundamental behaviors such as sleep, suggesting the importance of its physiological roles in ASD-associated phenotypes
Poli, Gaël. "Écologie sociale du milieu familial et handicap : la relation entre la mère et l'enfant présentant un Trouble du Spectre de l'Autisme." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20065/document.
Full textAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) involve a significantly different developmental prognosis depending on severity and associated disorders. Relationship difficulties, inadequate behaviours and the specific needs of the child have implications on family functioning and affect parents' experiences. This situation generates significant stress that can potentially undermine parental cohesion, affect parent-child interactions, impair parenting, and lead to lessened perceptions of the quality of family relationships. Considering the social ecology of the family environment allows us to question the relationship between the family climate perceived by mothers, evaluated by the IRF (LARIPE, 1989), and the perceived maternal stress, measured by the ISP/FB (Bigras, LaFrenière and Abidin, 1996), taking into account the singularity of disability, namely autistic disorder severity, determined by the EEAI (Rogé, 1989), and the coexistence of a language disorder and/or an associated intellectual impairment defined by medical diagnosis realized prior to study.Language competence has a high impact, both on the age of parental alert and age of diagnosis by professionals, and is strongly associated with the severity of autistic disorders evaluation (N=65). Depending on the level of perceived maternal stress, using a cluster analysis based on the dimensions of ISP/FB, the quality of family relationships differs significantly. The most stressed mothers perceive the family climate as more confrontational. By considering maternal experience at the eco-systemic level rather than dyadic, an ecological intervention by integrating a MIRA Foundation (Quebec) assistance dog into the family group (n=24) produced a concomitant decrease for maternal stress related to management of child's difficult behaviours and for severity of autistic disorders. In absence of differences in the first measurement time with mothers waiting for service (n=26), mothers in families with a dog are less stressed both overall, than for interactions and for education of the autistic child. They also perceive a more favourable relationship climate. Results obtained highlight the contribution of animal mediation to improving the quality of life of all members in the microsystem, particularly on intra and extra-familial interactions facilitation
Mishchenko, Marina. "Réciprocité et expression de confiance en situation de prise de décision chez les personnes avec un Trouble du Spectre de l'Autisme (TSA)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB242.
Full textHow do individuals on the Autism Spectrum respond to different levels of reciprocity during social interactions? The aim of this dissertation is to describe decision making of ASD participants in the social context across different ages (children, adolescents, young adults, and adults), using two experimental paradigms (Cyberball; Trust game) In a series of three experimental studies we: 1) assess the ability of ASD individuals to discriminate between cooperation, fairness, exclusion, and to adopt reciprocal behavior by analyzing their implicit and explicit responses; 2) compare the motivational effects of gain and social affiliation on the recognition of different levels of reciprocity, in typically developed individuals; and 3) test the influence of reputational bias on reciprocal behavior in ASD adolescents using a Bayesian approach of decision making. The use of new methods to improve existing paradigms and to respond to challenges in ASD research are discussed
Bruneau-Bherer, Rosée. "Le développement de la cognition sociale chez les enfants et ses liens avec le fonctionnement social dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29309/29309.pdf.
Full textRusset, Frédéric. "Trouble du spectre de l’autisme sans déficience intellectuelle (TAS SDI) : profil clinique et socio-démographique chez l’adulte, à partir d’une population d’étude française." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30045.
Full textThe body of knowledge regarding autism spectrum adults with no Intellectual Disability (ASD No ID) is still limited. Therefore, the clinical profile and the socio-demographic (SD) profile of a French study sample are explored here, according to the following variables: sex, age and nonverbal cognitive level (NVIQ) in adulthood; as well as for the SD profile, age of diagnosis and intensity of ASD symptoms in adulthood. The frequency of clinical difficulties and SD data are also compared to those of a non-clinical group (NC) and a group with other disorders. The results have implications in terms of diagnostic identification and care
Fecteau, Stéphanie. "Régulation physiologique et perception de stress chez des parents d'enfants diagnostiqués d'un trouble du spectre de l'autisme : la contribution de la présence d'un chien d'assistance et des représentations associées à l'attachement." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6668.
Full textCarvalho, Da Silva You Rida Solrac. "Etude de la perception catégorielle des stimuli auditifs et visuels de parole sans contenu émotionnel chez les enfants du Spectre Autistique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070036.
Full textThe speech perception disorders are mainly implicated in the neuropathology in autism spectrum disorders. However, we do not know exactly what are the mechanisms involved in these disorders during the speech perception development in children with autism. This study examined the categorical perception profile of the speech sounds in auditory and visual modalities in autistics children with and without language delay (High-Functioning Autism (HFA)/Asperger syndrome (AS)). We compared two groups of children diagnosed HFA and AS and one group of typically developed children aged between 9-12 years. We used the behavorial tests like speech categorical perception with the natural and synthetic stimuli (vowels and consonants) in auditory modality, the visual (lip-reading) and audiovisual stimuli with the static and dynamic faces. The results revealed that the HFA have a categorical precision deficit in the identification of vowels and consonants in auditory and visual modalities, and a speech categorical perception deficit, with an allophonic perception. The categorical precision deficit is less marked for the AS children and they do not seem to have allophonic perception. These data suggest a deficit in the maturation of the cerebral regions implicated in the auditory and visual speech processes in children with autism, mainly in HFA children
Maciel, Soares Julia. "La notion d'autre "suffisamment pareil" dans la rencontre intersubjective : implications dans la prise en charge de l'autisme." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131008.
Full textAutism questions the several theoretical formulations that attempt to understand the processes involved in psychic development. What the French 3i method suggests as a treatment of autism allows to question further the psychoanalytic theory, with which a link can be proposed. Since the goal of the 3i therapeutic sessions is to establish interactions, a few orientations are given to adults to create moments of contact, for instance to imitate the child and to not to say "no" during the sessions. We propose to investigate the reasons of these assumptions in connection with what happens during the first period of the psychic development. When reworking the first intersubjective encounters, we observed that imitation and attunement that characterize them indicate that these encounters are marked by resemblance more then by difference. Our proposition is to consider the other of these first intersubjective encounters as a “similar enough other”. Being autism a clinic of the archaic period of psychic development, we think that this type of encounter where the difference does not stand out points to a type of relation with the other in a way that autistic children could accept. Based upon an autistic child that was seen for 20 months under the 3i method, we discuss the clinical implications of our proposition. The discussion, based upon the principles of the intervention proposed by this method, indicate that based on encounters of this nature, the "similar enough" can become gradually less similar. The progress of the child that was seen under the umbrella of the 3i method allows to infer some therapeutic benefits of this type of encounter, initiated by an other who presents himself at first as similar enough to the child
O autismo questiona as diversas formulações teóricas que se esforçam em compreender os processos implicados no desenvolvimento psíquico. O que propõe o método francês dos 3i como tratamento do autismo permite avançar as questões que o autismo coloca especialmente à teoria psicanalítica, com a qual uma articulação pode ser elaborada. Sendo a interação o objetivo das sessões 3i, algumas orientações são dadas aos adultos que intervém no sentido de criar momentos de encontro, dentre elas a de imitar a criança e a de não dizer “não” nas sessões. Propomos investigar os fundamentos dessas premissas a partir de uma articulação com o que se passa no primeiro tempo da constituição psíquica. Ao retrabalhar os primeiros encontros intersubjetivos, observamos que a imitação e a sintonia que lhes são característicos indicam que esses encontros são marcados mais pela semelhança e menos pela diferença. Nossa proposição é a considerar o outro desses primeiros encontros intersubjetivos como um outro “suficientemente similar” ao sujeito. Sendo o autismo uma clínica do tempo arcaico do psiquismo, pensamos que esse tipo de encontro onde a diferença não figura em primeiro plano remete a um tipo de relação com o outro que as crianças autistas são capazes de suportar. A partir do caso de uma criança autista atendida por 20 meses dentro dos moldes do método dos 3i, discutimos as implicações clínicas da nossa proposição. A discussão, que tem por eixos os princípios de intervenção propostos pelo método dos 3i, indica que a partir de encontros dessa natureza, possíveis à criança autista, o “suficientemente similar” pode tornar-se cada vez menos similar. A evolução do caso da criança atendida nos moldes do método 3i permite inferior alguns efeitos terapêuticos desse tipo de encontro, provocado por um outro que se apresenta inicialmente como suficientemente similar com a criança
Derguy, Cyrielle. "L'ajustement parental dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme. Etude des facteurs de protection et de vulnérabilité et développement d'un programme d'éducation thérapeutique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0374/document.
Full textAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are the second most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. Disability is present throughout life and has major implications for the individual functioning but also on the family environment, especially on parents. As highlighted by the last French Autism Plan, it is crucial to develop support programs for parents. The goal of this research is to study the adjustment and parental needs in ASD in order to develop and evaluate a therapeutic education program. Three studies were carried out successively using a qualitative method (Study 1) or quantitative method (Studies 2 and 3). The first study aimed at identifying needs in two groups: parents of children with ASD compared to parents of typically developing children (N = 162). Support targets were formulated from reported needs by parents with ASD child in the following areas: material, information, parental guidance and emotional support. Our second study considered the determinants of parental adjustment in ASD (N = 115). The contextual variables were more involved in parental adjustment than individual measures. From a contextual perspective, the characteristics of the family environment and children school access are important determinants of adjustment. From an individual perspective, comorbidities in children and a broader autism phenotype in parents were associated with lower parental adjustment. Finally, the last study developed and evaluated the impact of therapeutic education program to parents of children with ASD (N = 40). The program consists in seven group-structured sessions. Good acceptability as well as significant improvements in quality of life and depressive symptoms was noted. In conclusion, the parents’ needs and adjustment difficulties confirm the relevance to support fathers and mothers of children with ASD. From a prevention way, it is important to early and continually assess support needs and parental adjustment. This assessment should be based on a global vision of parental status and to consider individual and contextual aspects. These elements are present in the ETAP program, which appears as a promising device to support parents of children with ASD. A theoretical model of parental adjustment in ASD is proposed from the results of the three components of this research
Godin, Julie. "Interventions visant à améliorer l'engagement ludique dans les interactions sociales des enfants d'âge préscolaire présentant un Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA) : une "scoping study"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26129.
Full textPreschool-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience significant difficulties engaging in meaningful play. Enabling their playful engagement in social interactions, the foundation of social play, is an important objective for occupational therapists. However, little is known about which interventions promote this competency. This thesis presents the results of a conceptual clarification exercise in which several key behaviors associated with the construct of playful engagement in preschool-aged children with ASD were identified, plus the results of a scoping study which revealed a considerable number and variety of strategies as well as intervention approaches that are coherent with the promotion of playful engagement. These results provide specific guidance to occupational therapists about how to promote the meaningful social interactions of young children with ASD and provide different strategies that may be embedded by parents in their daily interactions with their children. Several directions for future research are presented.
Burnel, Morgane. "Évolution des liens entre théorie de l'esprit, syntaxe et fonctions exécutives au cours du développement chez les personnes avec ou sans troubles du spectre autistique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS055.
Full textTheory of Mind (ToM), that is to say the ability to predict and interpret others’ behavior based on their mental states (e.g., thoughts, desires, beliefs) is affected in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). According to the literature, several syntactic and executive abilities are likely to be implied in mental state understanding. In this thesis, we were interested in the role of the syntax of embedding (i.e., Complement Sentences, CS; Relative Clause Sentences, RCS) and in the role of Executive Functions (EF) such as inhibition, flexibility and Working Memory (WM). The main goals of this thesis were to (1) Assess ToM development beyond False Belief (FB) attribution and independently from language in children with or without ASD, (2) Determine the syntactic and executive components that are the most useful for ToM, (3) Highlight the evolution of the links between syntax, Executive Functions (EF) and ToM during development (4) Identify the existence of syntactic and executive deficits, as well as the nature of compensation strategies for ToM in ASD. The long term goal was to allow the development of remediation protocols for ToM targeting cognitive abilities which underlie it depending on people’s age. For that purpose, we ran several behavioral studies in children and adults with or without ASD using ToM tasks entailing reduced verbal and executive demands. Our work lead to the creation of a tool enabling the assessment of ToM development beyond FB tasks while minimizing the impact of confounding variables such as language. Our findings highlighted a particular role of CS and WM in ToM during childhood but not during adulthood, suggesting that these cognitive abilities are useful for ToM development rather than ToM reasoning per se. Our results did not always highlight the existence of syntactic and executive deficits in ASD and thus illustrated the marked heterogeneity of these skills in this population but also importance of using ecological tasks to assess subtle deficits. Moreover, the study of the nature of compensation strategies for ToM in ASD turned out to be more challenging than expected and we propose that this may have resulted from the difficulty to precisely identify peoplewho implement them
Wantzen, Prany. "La mémoire chez l’adolescent avec autisme : électrophysiologie, cognition et prise en charge." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP071.
Full textAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by difficulties in social communication with restricted and repetitive behaviors. ASD are associated with structural, functional and connectivity brain abnormalities that contribute to atypical cognitive functioning in this population. This work includes three projects aimed at characterizing the neurocognitive profile of ASD adolescents and young adults and proposing new rehabilitation programs. The first shows abnormal resting-state brain connectivity using electroencephalography that can account for the multimodal integration difficulties that directly impact introspection processes. The second project deepens the study of introspection processes in the context of autobiographical memory (ABM). The data collected confirm the ABM difficulties in ASD adolescents, with an atypical sensory profile, but also the existence of a positive effect of prompting and visual cues during recall. Beyond, our work highlights the importance of ABM rehabilitation, used as a key vector in social interactions. Then, the third project concerns the creation of an ABM rehabilitation program based on an individual and collective approach. Preliminary results show a beneficial effect on the social identity of adolescents with autism. ABM is, therefore, very relevant to study in autism, integrating a unique and ecological multimodal dimension, and an interesting tool of rehabilitation
Kondombo-Traoré, Fatimata. "L'utilisation des indices de développement de l'échelle de Vineland entre l'enfant autiste et ses parents : entre évaluation et remaillage des liens." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR086.
Full textThe institutional practice in day hospital for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders is discussed here. The main objective focuses on a psychological intervention based on the rating with the VABS (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales) that takes into account the issues of both parents and caregivers to lead them to a better understanding of the impact of symptoms on the child and on the relationships. Double assessment of the scale on parents and on caregivers was conducted to collect their representations on the child disorder as well as their representations on his skills and his emerging potential. The function of the VABS on the mediation of the institutional follow-up of a six young people, including two girls and four boys, affected with autism spectrum disorders is illustrated. Results, which are based on the observation and analysis of sixteen protocols, point out the benefits of changing our clinical practice to a plural and integrative institutional approach, especially while tackling the assistance of parents confronted to autism spectrum disorders. Furthermore, outcomes on a group clinical experience, with seven participants composed of parents and foster families caring daily of children with ASDs, are also presented
Charles, Émilie. "Les préalables à l’émergence des échanges de regards spontanés avec l’autre chez l’enfant autiste." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4456&f=29084.
Full textEye contact and attention express an active investment in others during social interaction. The gaze movement reflects an instinctive game between corporality and otherness. It also introduces an intersubjective space. A glance directed to others makes perceptible the intangible characteristics of this relational movement between one and others. The goal of the present thesis work is to question and identify prerequisites that support the emergence of eye contact for the autistic child. Our study shows that autistic children do not practice mandatory eye-contact avoidance. The sensory integration difficulties identified in autism, which are related to modulation, adjustment and synchronization, prevent the gaze from being supported by other sensorialities. Whereas the other's eye acts like a mobile mirror allowing identification, the autistic child can't fully take advantage of it depending on the evolution of his sensorial integration. The physical and subjective construction of the child remains precarious, as do the learning of relational implicit and communication. Nevertheless, thanks to qualitative and systematic micro-analysis of relational exchanges within a semi-structured situation as part of a standardized evaluation test, we identified precursors to the emergence of spontaneous and intersubjective eye contact in autistic children aged 2 to 4 years. Those sensorimotor precursors of the investment of the own body and emotional sharing, can be mobilized in the transferential link, in order to support the relaunch of the gaze's participation in figuration processes, but also to promote increasingly spontaneous and intentional gazes in intersubjective communication. This suggests interesting therapeutic avenues
Lemaire, Mathieu. "Particularités des réponses émotionnelles dans le trouble bipolaire et chez l'adulte avec autisme." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3312.
Full textInterest in emotional disturbances is relatively recent in psychiatry despite its high prevalence in mental disorders. Very few studies have explored global emotional process, which includes subjective, physiological and expressive responses and usually measures only one aspect of emotional process. Understanding emotional disturbances in neuropsychiatric disorders is essential because it may be a target of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. The aim of our work was to study the different components of emotional responses in two psychiatric disorders, bipolar disorder and autism. Results are only available for bipolar disorder. No difference was found between euthymic bipolar patients and controls regarding subjective emotional response. Symptomatic bipolar patients evidenced increased affective reactivity to neutral pictures and reduced maintenance of subjective affective responses to all pictures. Upon viewing positive pictures, pupil dilation was significantly lower in euthymic patients compared to controls. Patients, regardless of their symptomatic status, were comparable to healthy individuals in terms of voluntary control of affective responses during experiential suppression. Due to our results and conflicting results in the literature, we built a study aiming to explore the different components of emotional responses in laboratory setting but also in real life, in bipolar disorder and autism, for a better global understanding of emotional process even at an individual level
Belley, Stéphanie. "Les effets de l'accompagnement du technicien en éducation spécialisée sur les interactions sociales d'un élève présentant un trouble du spectre autistique au préscolaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28053.
Full textTo this day, in Quebec, it is estimated that one in every 115 children is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Noiseux, 2011). Along with the current context of their steady increase, the number of those who are integrated into a regular classroom continues to grow. Given their distinct needs, schools tend to favor the presence of a Special Education Assistant (TES) in the regular classroom in order to support students in developing their autonomy and learning (SRSEAS, 2007). In despite of the initial objectives and the individual intervention of the TES, a review of the literature revealed adverse effects that may be associated with excessive student management, which may accentuate differences between peers and them. This paper presents the results of a descriptive study to illuminate the individual support practices of the special education technician when working with preschool students with ASD in order to gain a better understanding of these practices. The results also look at the effects of these practices on the evolution of the social interactions of the students targeted during a school year. These results provide specific guidance to school boards to promote the academic and social success of students with ASD integrated in the regular classroom.
Richa, Sami. "L'information des parents des enfants autistes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20672.
Full textPaquet, Aude. "Profil neuro-psychomoteur des enfants présentant un Trouble du Spectre Autistique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H110.
Full textMotor disorders have been described in the Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), however all children with ASD show no decrease in motor performances. The nature and origin of motor disturbances in ASD are unclear. Neurodevelopmental processes linked to the maturation of the central nervous system, are not really explored in ASD, but these processes underlie motor performances. Few studies trat of an acute semiology of motor abnormalities in ASD and the existence of a neuro-developmental trajectory of neuro-psychomotor functions is not known in children with ASD. The aim of this study is to highlight the semiology of psychomotor disorders among children with ASD, using a French standardized neurodevelopmental assessment tool (NP-MOT) (Vaivre-Douret, 2006). Evaluations of the first instances (psychiatric; psychological; understanding; psychomotor) were supplemented by a standardized assessment battery of neuro-developmental psychomotor functions (NP-MOT). The identification of a neuro-psychomotor clinical profile, identification of problems or discrepancies compared to a standard reference, the identification of potentially affected brain functions in ASD should provide a better understanding of the origin and nature the observed disorders in ASD. The results, more and more numerous concerning motor skills in these children, should be able to be analyzed in light of cognitive or neuro-cognitive assessments and should allow to refine the profile of development and thereby enable a better understanding of the nature of autism among a comorbidity other possible malfunctions
Bernard, Carline. "La perception auditive et le développement linguistique chez les individus neurotypiques, présentant un trouble du spectre autistique, ou ayant le syndrome de Williams : le rôle de la prosodie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB188/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis was to explore the linguistic prosody perception at different processing levels (from a purely acoustic low-level processing to a more abstract and linguistic level), in three different populations: neurotypical participants, participants with Autism Spectrum Disorders and participants with Williams-Beuren syndrome. Linguistic prosody carries lexical, morphosyntactic and pragmatic informations in all languages of the worlds. The acoustical prosody properties (duration, intensity, and pitch variations) are easily available in the speech input, unless other more abstract structural properties that are related to it. For this reason, prosody processing plays a crucial role during language acquisition, by bootstrapping the acquisition of those abstract properties. Prosody perception and its role during language acquisition is more and more understood in typical development. By contrast, very little is known about atypical development. Two groups are particularly interesting because they present relatively opposite linguistic profiles: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Williams syndrome (WS). Individuals with ASD are known to have qualitative alteration of communication (of up to ¿l¿absence quasi-totale de langage¿) and social interaction. By contrast, people with WS have a relatively well-developed language and good social communication skills: their language abilities (phonology, morphology, syntax) are relatively preserved, although their perception and production often appear to be atypical. For this reason, comparing these two populations allows us on one hand to test contrasted predictions and on the other hand to ask deficit specificities questions. The aim of the thesis was thus to draw the whole area between low-level acoustic perception and prosodic linguistic features. This project was divided into three main parts. First, we measured auditory discrimination thresholds (Exp.1). Second, we tested prosodic pattern preference in contact with native language (iambic-trochaic law, ITL) (Exp.2&3). Third, we investigated discrimination abilities and preference in a phrasal domain (bootstrapping mechanism) (Exp.4). To this end, we met more than 470 participants (of which more than 170 ASD participants and 17 WS participants), aged from 3 to 60 years old. Results support and complete literature for typical development: first we confirm the developmental pattern for discrimination thresholds and their improvement with age, in French-speaking participants (Exp.1); second, we confirm that French-speaking children, adolescents and adults are ITL sensitive (Exp.2&3). Furthermore, we evidence a bootstrapping mechanism language-dependent, showing a frequency-based phrases discrimination more than a prosody-based words discrimination (Exp.4). In addition, our results bring to light a different prosody perception in our two atypical populations. Indeed, individuals with ASD having autism (not Asperger syndrome) seem to have higher discrimination thresholds compared to typical controls (Exp.1). Moreover, only individuals with Asperger syndrome seem to be ITL sensitive for duration (the more relevant prosodic cue for language acquisition in French), unless participants with others ASD and participants with WS. This thesis thus bring new data concerning typical development in a large age sample, and contribute in the understanding of the origin of the atypical language development found in some populations
Fernandez, Arnaud. "Exploration du profil clinique et génétique des patients atteints de schizophrénie précoce et de leurs apparentés au 1er degré - un protocole d’étude familiale et multicentrique en population française : Protocole GenAuDiss." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2021COAZ6010.
Full textEarly-onset schizophrenia (EOS) is a rare, severe and neurodevelopmental form of schizophrenia beginning before the age of 18. In order to better understand the complex genetic basis of this disorder, we have developed a pilot project with the main objective of clinically and genetically characterize EOS patients presenting additional neurodevelopmental disabilities. Given the clinical and genetic overlap of EOS with other neurodevelopmental disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), we paid particular attention to the genes involved in neurodevelopment.This is a multi-center study carried out from April 2014 to May 2023 in a paediatric population. Inclusion criteria are: age 7-22 years, a diagnosis of EOS (K-SADS-PL DSM-5) with premorbid autistic symptoms (ADI-R 0-5 years) and IQ > 40; parents and siblings are included. Clinical profile explorations are performed using standardized tools (KSADS-PL and PANSS) and included neurocognitive assessments (WISC-V/WAIS-IV), the search for psychiatric co-morbidities, neurodevelopmental disorders and associated extracerebral somatic pathologies. The exploration of the genetic profile consists in identifying genetic mutations by a hierarchical approach searching for Fragile-X Syndrome (PCR), CGH-array and, in case of negativity of the previous examinations, DNA sequencing (exome) in trio (mother, father, child). Finally; we proceed to the prioritization of genes by combining multiple bioinformatics tools.20 subjects were included: 15 boys and 5 girls. The mean age of onset of the disorder was 8.90 years (+/-2.30). Psychiatric comorbidities (DSM-5) were ADHD (15/20 patients), anxiety disorders (14/20) and ASD (13/20). The mean IQ was 70.26 (+/-18.09). Language delay and school disruption were noticed in 18/20 patients. The main associated somatic condition was asthma (15/20 patients). Genetically, we report a 10q26.3 324 kb microduplication in one patient (with familial segregation), encompassing part of the INPP5A gene. We have shown that its homologue 5PtaseI is specifically expressed in the Drosophila central nervous system. Furthermore, we have identified, through DNA sequencing of 9 exomes of patients in trio (27 subjects with mother, father and child) and bioinformatics tools, the presence of variants in genes belonging to the Wnt, cadherin and cholecystokinin signaling pathways.In our EOS patients, we have shown a large clinical heterogeneity with psychiatric co-morbidities and neurodevelopmental disorders systematically associated. INPP5A is expressed in the brain (human, mouse and Drosophila), is highly conserved between species and encodes a InsP3 5-phosphatase whose hydrolysis products mobilize intracellular calcium, essential for the morphogenesis of dendritic spines in neurons. The alteration of this process, by the InsP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway, is found in both schizophrenia and ASD, strengthening the link between these disorders. In addition, we have made the first description of the potential involvement of the Wnt, Cadherin and Cholecystokinin signaling pathways in EOS. The already described involvement of these different pathways in other neurodevelopmental and/or psychiatric disorders underlines the genetic heterogeneity of this disorder. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of EOS and paving the way for specific therapeutic interventions will require systematic and large-scale: 1) definition of the precise syndromic diagnosis of EOS with an exact age of onset and determination of the premorbid neurodevelopmental phenotype, psychiatric comorbidities and associated extracerebral somatic pathologies; 2) genetic evaluation using a hierarchical approach up to whole genome sequencing; 3) data sharing between teams on an international scale with the constitution of specific, comparable, genetic, and molecular databases correlated to the precise phenotypes of the different forms of EOS
Grossard, Charline. "Evaluation et rééducation des expressions faciales émotionnelles chez l’enfant avec TSA : le projet JEMImE Serious games to teach social interactions and emotions to individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Children facial expression production : influence of age, gender, emotion subtype, elicitation condition and culture." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS625.
Full textThe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in socials skills, as emotion recognition and production. Several studies focused on emotional facial expressions (EFE) recognition, but few worked on its production, either in typical children or in children with ASD. Nowadays, information and communication technologies are used to work on social skills in ASD but few studies using these technologies focus on EFE production. After a literature review, we found only 4 games regarding EFE production. Our final goal was to create the serious game JEMImE to work on EFE production with children with ASD using an automatic feedback. We first created a dataset of EFE of typical children and children with ASD to train an EFE recognition algorithm and to study their production skills. Several factors modulate them, such as age, type of emotion or culture. We observed that human judges and the algorithm assess the quality of the EFE of children with ASD as poorer than the EFE of typical children. Also, the EFE recognition algorithm needs more features to classify their EFE. We then integrated the algorithm in JEMImE to give the child a visual feedback in real time to correct his/her productions. A pilot study including 23 children with ASD showed that children are able to adapt their productions thanks to the feedback given by the algorithm and illustrated an overall good subjective experience with JEMImE. The beta version of JEMImE shows promising potential and encourages further development of the game in order to offer longer game exposure to children with ASD and so allow a reliable assessment of the effect of this training on their production of EFE
Lortie, Mélissa. "La représentation auditive motrice reflétée par la négativité de discordance chez l’enfant présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13742.
Full textMirror-neuron system (NMS) has been suggested to underlie action understanding, which is believed to be involved in higher social functions such as empathy and imitation. Numerous studies have also provided indirect evidence supporting the existence of a MNS in the human brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetoenceophalography and electroencephalography (EEG). As evidence relating MNS function with social cognition accumulated, its dysfunction was proposed to underlie social impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although some studies have reported structural and/or functional data supporting this hypothesis, it remains controversial. Indeed, the techniques used to probe MNS activity often require the participant to understand the task, display sustained attention and present spared visual cognitive functions, which could be altered in ASD population. This, in turn, could partly explain differences in MNS activity found between invididuals with ASD and neurotypical participants. The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) protocol has recently been proposed as a viable tool to assess MNS activity using action-related sounds. This relatively short oddball paradigm does not require visual, attentional or language skills and can be performed with minimal electrode installation (minimal use of 4 electrodes). This action-related MMN may therefore be well-suited to investigate MNS function in very young children or populations with mental disabilities, such as ASD. The first article of this thesis assessed the convergent validity of the action-related MMN protocol with a mu rhythm suppression paradigm, which is the most commonly used EEG measure of MNS activity. To do so, both protocols were consecutively administered in healthy adults in the same experimental session. While both techniques successfully 4 modulated the fronto-central and central brain regions using action-related stimuli, they did not correlate significantly. This suggests that the two techniques may not probe the same aspects of MNS function. The second article aimed at investigating MNS activity in children with ASD using the action-related MMN protocol. Data were compared to age-matched typically developing children. We show that children with ASD present an opposite pattern to that of control children : whereas MMN latencies are shorter for action-related sounds compared to control sounds in neurotypical children, the opposite pattern is observed in children with ASD. Furthermore, although the two groups present different response patterns with regards to action-related sounds, they repond similarly to control sounds. For amplitude measurements, children with ASD display reduced amplitude to action-related sounds produced by the mouth compared to neurotypical children. In summary, this thesis aimed at determining whether and action-related MMN protocol could be used to measure MNS activity in neurotypical adults and children, as well as in ASD children. The action-related MMN could potentially be used as a biological biomarker of ASD pending further studies.