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1
Jastreboff, Pawel J., and Margaret M. Jastreboff. "Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) as a Method for Treatment of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Patients." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 11, no. 03 (2000): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748042.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide information about the neurophysiologic model of tinnitus and Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT). With this overview of the model and therapy, professionals may discern with this basic foundation of knowledge whether they wish to pursue learning and subsequently implement TRT in their practice. This paper provides an overview only and is insufficient for the implementation of TRT. Abbreviations: DPOAE = distortion product otoacoustic emission, IHC = inner hair cells, LDL = loudness discomfort level, OHC = outer hair cells, THT = Tinnitus Habituation Therapy, TRT = Tinnitus Retraining Therapy
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Choi, Soon-Je, Minseung Ku, TaeRim Lee, et al. "Purpose, Procedure, and Contents of Counseling according to Tinnitus Interventions." Audiology and Speech Research 17, no. 2 (2021): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.200079.
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Tinnitus refers to the perception of ringing sounds in the ear that are not heard by others. Counseling plays a vital role in tinnitus intervention. Counseling provides correct information about tinnitus and hearing loss, corrects any misunderstandings related to tinnitus, and suggests precise alternative interventions for tinnitus. In this review, we aimed to examine the counseling contents in Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Tinnitus Activities Treatment (TAT) to identify information that could be useful for counseling approaches and contents for the various tinnitus intervention methods. We searched Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, and PubMed for relevant articles. Of the 5,283 articles, 31 were included in the final review of counseling contents for TRT, CBT, and TAT. Based on our findings, we were able to summarize the main contents of counseling in TRT, CBT, and TAT. Although the contents of counseling may vary depending on the individuals with tinnitus, our review provided information that may help audiologists or hearing professionals further understand the fundamentals of counseling for each tinnitus intervention. Our review may serve as a guideline for tinnitus counseling according to tinnitus interventions.
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Huang, Jinhai, Giacomo Savini, Chengfang Wang, et al. "Precision of Corneal Thickness Measurements Obtained Using the Scheimpflug-Placido Imaging and Agreement with Ultrasound Pachymetry." Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/328798.
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Purpose.To assess the reliability and comparability of measuring central corneal thickness (CCT) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) using a new Scheimpflug-Placido analyzer (TMS-5, Japan) and ultrasound (US) pachymetry.Methods.Seventy-six healthy subjects were prospectively measured 3 times by 1 operator using the TMS-5, 3 additional consecutive scans were performed by a second operator, and ultrasound (US) pachymetry measurements were taken. The test-retest repeatability (TRT), coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to evaluate intraoperator repeatability and interoperator reproducibility. Agreement among the devices was assessed using Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement (LoA).Results.The intraoperators TRT and CoV were <19 μm and 2.0%, respectively. The interoperators TRT and CoV were <12 μm and 1.0%, respectively, and ICC was >0.90. The mean CCT and TCT measurements using the TMS-5 were 15.97 μm (95% LoA from −26.42 to −5.52 μm) and 20.32 μm (95% LoA from −30.67 to −9.97 μm) smaller, respectively, than those using US pachymetry.Conclusions.The TMS-5 shows good repeatability and reproducibility for measuring CCT and TCT in normal subjects but only moderate agreement with US pachymetry results. Caution is warranted before using these techniques interchangeably.
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Lebata, Posane Slyvester, Philip Makama Dawuda, and Setsumi Molapo. "Oestrus Synchronization in Merino Sheep Using Intravaginal Sponges, Estrumate PMSG on Oestrus Activity." Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction 45, no. 2 (2024): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.48165/ijar.2024.45.02.10.
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A study was conducted with 204 Merino ewes as experimental units to assess the effectiveness of four estrus synchronization protocols. The ewes were divided into four groups: TRT A (Control), TRT B (Intravaginal sponges for 14 days), TRT C (Double prostaglandin injections on days 0 and 11) and TRT D (Intravaginal sponges for 14 days, a single prostaglandin injection on day 12, plus PMSG). Six rams were used to detect heat, with standing to be mounted as the primary indicator of estrus. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in estrus response rates among the groups: 94.10% for TRT B, 96.20% for TRT D, and 90.20% for both TRT A and TRT C. Additionally, the time from treatment withdrawal to the onset and end of estrus showed no significant variation (p>0.05). The duration of estrus differed significantly among the treatments (TRT D, TRT A, and TRT C) with notable differences at specific time intervals: 48h and 36h for TRT D, and 24h for TRT C (p<0.05). Significant differences were also found between TRT B and TRT D at 48h and 60h post-treatment withdrawal. Additionally, TRT D showed high significance at 24h and 36h intervals. At 72 hours, both TRT C and TRT D were significant, with TRT D remaining significant at 84h (p<0.05). Overall, combination treatment (TRT D) was more effective in synchronizing estrus in Merino ewes, resulting in a higher response rate and shorter interval from treatment withdrawal to estrus onset.
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Suh, Myung-Whan, Moo Kyun Park, Yoonjoong Kim, and Young Ho Kim. "The Treatment Outcome of Smart Device–Based Tinnitus Retraining Therapy: Prospective Cohort Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 11 (January 12, 2023): e38986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/38986.
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Background Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) is a standard treatment for tinnitus that consists of directive counseling and sound therapy. However, it is based on face-to-face education and a time-consuming protocol. Smart device–based TRT (smart-TRT) seems to have many advantages, but the efficacy of this new treatment has been questioned. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy between smart-TRT and conventional TRT (conv-TRT). Methods We recruited 84 patients with tinnitus. Results were compared between 42 patients who received smart-TRT and 42 control participants who received conv-TRT. An interactive smart pad application was used for directive counseling in the smart-TRT group. The smart pad application included detailed education on ear anatomy, the neurophysiological model of tinnitus, concept of habituation, and sound therapy. The smart-TRT was bidirectional: There were 17 multiple choice questions between each lesson as an interim check. The conv-TRT group underwent traditional person-to-person counseling. The primary outcome measure was the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and the secondary outcome measure was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results Both treatments had a significant treatment effect, which comparably improved during the first 2 months. The best improvements in THI were –23.3 (95% CI –33.1 to –13.4) points at 3 months and –16.8 (95% CI –30.8 to –2.8) points at 2 months in the smart-TRT group and conv-TRT group, respectively. The improvements on the VAS were also comparable: smart-TRT group: –1.2 to –3.3; conv-TRT: –0.7 to –1.7. Conclusions TRT based on smart devices can be an effective alternative for tinnitus patients. Considering the amount of time needed for person-to-person counseling, smart-TRT can be a cost-effective solution with similar treatment outcomes as conv-TRT.
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Park, Min, Jeong Yeo, Sun Park, Woong Na, and Du Moon. "Predictive Factors of Efficacy Maintenance after Testosterone Treatment Cessation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 2 (2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020151.
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There is no conclusive evidence as to whether patients with testosterone deficiency (TD) who benefit from testosterone treatment (TRT) must continue the treatment for the rest of their lives. In some patients, the effect of TRT does not maintained after stopping TRT and, some patients show no significant TD symptoms, with normal testosterone levels after TRT cessation. Therefore, we investigated the predictive factors of response maintenance after TRT cessation. A total of 151 men with TD who responded to TRT were followed up for six months after TRT discontinuation. Ninety-two patients (Group I) failed to show response maintenance; 59 patients (Group II) had a maintained response. The groups did not differ in baseline characteristics or the type of TRT (oral, gel, short/long-acting injectables). However, TRT duration was significantly longer (10.7 vs. 5.2 months), and peak total testosterone (TT) level was significantly higher (713.7 vs. 546.1 ng/dL), in Group II than in Group I. More patients regularly exercised in Group II than in Group I (45.8% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that exercise (B = 2.325, odds ratio = 10.231, p < 0.001) and TRT duration (B = 0.153, Exp(B) = 1.166, p < 0.001) were independent predictive factors of response maintenance. In men with TD who respond to TRT, longer treatment periods can improve the response durability after TRT cessation, regardless of the type of TRT. Additionally, regular exercise can increase the probability of maintaining the response after TRT cessation.
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Mañes, Anabel, Josep Jove, Gabriela Antelo, et al. "Thoracic radiotherapy in a cohort study of patients with metastatic small-cell lung neoplasms." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): e20093-e20093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e20093.
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e20093 Background: Thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) for extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients is controversial. Slotman et al. (2015) demonstrated a 2-year overall survival (OS) benefit for patients who received TRT after chemotherapy (CT) and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), but obtaining a median OS of 8 months (m). We wanted to confirm results of Slotman’s work in a real-world setting with higher doses of TRT. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 67 patients with ES-SCLC treated between 1995 and 2015, after completing CT administration. Patients with initial brain metastasis and those who rejected PCI were excluded. All of them received PCI. All patients were followed until death. Disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS) and OS were analyzed and computed with Kaplan-Meier method, groups were compared with log-rank test. Adjusted hazard risk (HR) of death for TRT was estimated through multivariate Cox model. Results: Patients (59 male, 8 female) with median age 64 years (42-79) had a median Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of 80. Twenty-three patients received high doses TRT (mean dose: 45.4 Gy). No significant differences between groups were found in age, gender, KPS, number of metastatic sites, residual thoracic disease or smoke activity. Non-TRT patients had more metastatic lesions. Median OS for TRT-patients was 19.9 m and 11.2 m for non-TRT patients (p = 0.01). DSS was 23.4 m for TRT-patients and 13.5 m for non-TRT patients (p = 0.007). For TRT-patients and non-TRT patients, median DFS were 15.5 and 8.3 m (p = 0.001), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, TRT (p = 0.003, HR 0.35), KPS (p = 0.012, HR 0.95) and residual thoracic disease (p = 0.02, HR 3.30) were independent prognostic factors for survival. The best benefit was obtained for those patients with consolidative TRT (CTRT): OS of 24.7, DSS of 27.4 and DFS of 15.9 m, compared with 13.4 (p = 0.003), 13.9 (p = 0.003) and 8.5 m (p = 0.007), respectively, for patients not treated with CTRT. Conclusions: TRT impacts positively in OS, DSS and PFS and should be administered to ES-SCLC patients who complete CT and PCI. High TRT doses could achieve better results than those described for low TRT doses.
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Yoon, Joonsik, Dong Woo Nam, Deuk Tae Cho, et al. "Effectiveness of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy Based on Mobile Devices for Tinnitus Patients." Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 66, no. 5 (2023): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2022.00815.
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Background and Objectives Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) is a well-known effective method for tinnitus management by retraining the brain to achieve habituation of tinnitus. The mobile device based TRT can let both clinicians and patients be free from time and space limitations and secure cost-effectiveness. The study aimed to investigate whether the mobile-based TRT is inferior or not to the conventional TRT in treatment outcomes for chronic subjective tinnitus.Subjects and Method A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a single tertiary hospital. Adult patients with chronic subjective tinnitus were enrolled. Pure tone audiometry, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [(STAI), axis1 and axis2], Beck Depression Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a survey for TRT were evaluated. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of tinnitus, and Tnnitogram were compared at the start, then at one month and three months of the treatment. The mobile group was subdivided into the treatment effective group and the refractory group. Demographics, baseline tinnitus severity, and therapy compliance were comparatively analyzed.Results A total of 19 patients for the mobile-based TRT and 21 patients for the conventional TRT were enrolled. THI scores and Tinnitus scores using VAS were significantly reduced in the mobile group after the treatment. Furthermore, THI and STAI were significantly more improved in the conventional group than in the mobile-based TRT at one and three months of the treatment. Also, the effective group of the mobile device based TRT was statistically younger than the refractory group and had a higher understanding of the treatment method.Conclusion The mobile-based TRT could improve THI and VAS scores of tinnitus at one and three months of treatment. However, the conventional TRT showed better outcome than the Mobile-based TRT with respect to THI scores. The mobile-based TRT can be one of different potential options that clinicians can apply to tinnitus patients who cannot follow the conventional TRT or limited candidate. Further improvement of the mobile device based TRT would be needed.
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Khoury, N. S., E. J. Holcomb, J. W. White, and M. Rand. "CONTAINER ELECTROCONDUCTIVITY STRATIFICATION IN METROMIX 350 AFTER HARVEST OF TOP- AND SUBIRRIGATED GERANIUMS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 687h—688. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.687h.
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Excessive electroconductivity measurements have been observed in the surface layer of subirrigated substrates. A hydrophilic gel and rockwool were used as pot mulches in order to reduce the surface layer salt buildup by absorbing the salts and/or reducing evaporation. Six treatments of `Crimson Fire' and `Victoria' CVI geraniums were grown in 11 cm. pots. Treatments were: Trt 1 - top irrigation, N source 20-10-20; trt 2 - subirrigation, N source 20-10-20; trt 3 - subirrigation, N source in equal portions of 20-10-20 and CRF, gel mulch; trt 4 - subirrigation, N source CRF, gel mulch; trt 5 - subirrigation, N source in equal portions of 20-10-20 and CRF, wool mulch; trt 6 - subirrigation, all N source CRF, wool mulch. Pots were divided into 3 equal volume portions. Electroconductivity, as a measure of soluble salt (SS) level, was taken. All treatments had increasing SS levels with increasing pot height. Trt 2 had surface layer salt levels significantly higher than trt 1. `Victoria' trts 3,4,5 and 6 surface layers had significantly lower SS levels than trt 1 surface layers. `Crimson Fire' trt 4's surface layer had significantly lower SS levels than the surface layer of trt 1. Trts 4 and 6 bottom layers of both cultivars had significantly lower SS levels than all other treatments.
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Chamorro-Pareja, Natalia, Ismael Carrillo-Martin, Daniela A. Haehn, et al. "SELF-REPORTED ALLERGY TO THYROID REPLACEMENT THERAPY: A MULTICENTER RETROSPECTIVE CHART REVIEW." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 7 (2020): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0488.
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Objective: To determine patterns of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) and predictable ADRs, to thyroid replacement therapy (TRT). TRT is the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine (LT4) is among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United States, with over 70 million prescriptions annually. Documented immediate DHRs to TRT are rare, with only a few case reports. Methods: An 11-year (2008–2018) retrospective medical chart review of identified patients with self-reported allergy to TRT. ADRs to TRT were divided into immediate DHRs and predictable ADRs. Results: A total of 466 patients were included in our study. We found an overall incidence of ADRs to TRT of 0.3%. Median age was 61.2 years; 85.8% were women, and 94.4% were Caucasian. The principal indication for TRT was autoimmune hypothyroidism (73.6%), followed by postsurgical hypothyroidism (17.4%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (6.7%). Predictable ADR manifestations to TRT were reported more commonly than DHR manifestations (57.5% vs. 42.5%, respectively). The most frequently reported of the former were palpitations (16.4%), nausea/vomiting (9.3%), and tremor (6.3%), while rash (23.8%), hives (9.5%), and pruritus (7.1%) were the most common regarding the latter. Fifty-six percent of the patients with an ADR to TRT tolerated an alternative TRT presentation. Conclusion: In our cohort, the majority of self-reported allergies to TRT were due to predictable ADRs rather than an immediate DHR. Abbreviations: ADR = adverse drug reaction; DHR = drug hypersensitivity reaction; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; LT3 = liothyronine; LT4 = levothyroxine; SCAR = severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction; TRT = thyroid replacement therapy
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Ramadan, Wael, Chrysovalantou E. Xirouchaki, and Abdel-Hady El-Gilany. "The Comparative Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Traditional Resistance Training on Hormonal Responses in Young Women: A 10-Week Intervention Study." Sports 13, no. 3 (2025): 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13030067.
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Background: Hormonal levels in women are influenced by exercise intensity and modality. Methods: This 10-week study compared high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) in 72 young women. Hormonal levels (estrogen, testosterone, FSH, prolactin, and LH) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant increases in estrogen (HIIT: 150%; TRT: 72.3%) and decreases in testosterone (HIIT: 58%; TRT: 49%), FSH (HIIT: 6%; TRT: 7.7%), and PL (HIIT: 5%; TRT: 2.1%). There are no significant changes in LH. Conclusions: HIIT and TRT effectively modulate hormonal profiles, potentially benefiting reproductive and metabolic health.
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Borst, Stephen E., and Joshua F. Yarrow. "Injection of testosterone may be safer and more effective than transdermal administration for combating loss of muscle and bone in older men." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 308, no. 12 (2015): E1035—E1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00111.2015.
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The value of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for older men is currently a topic of intense debate. While US testosterone prescriptions have tripled in the past decade (9), debate continues over the risks and benefits of TRT. TRT is currently prescribed for older men with either low serum testosterone (T) or low T plus accompanying symptoms of hypogonadism. The normal range for serum testosterone is 300 to 1,000 ng/dl. Serum T ≤ 300 ng/dl is considered to be low, and T ≤ 250 is considered to be frank hypogonadism. Most experts support TRT for older men with frank hypogonadism and symptoms. Treatment for men who simply have low T remains somewhat controversial. TRT is most frequently administered by intramuscular (im) injection of long-acting T esters or transdermally via patch or gel preparations and infrequently via oral administration. TRT produces a number of established benefits in hypogonadal men, including increased muscle mass and strength, decreased fat mass, increased bone mineral density, and improved sexual function, and in some cases those benefits are dose dependent. For example, doses of TRT administered by im injection are typically higher than those administered transdermally, which results in greater musculoskeletal benefits. TRT also produces known risks including development of polycythemia (Hct >50) in 6% of those treated, decrease in HDL, breast tenderness and enlargement, prostate enlargement, increases in serum PSA, and prostate-related events and may cause suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Importantly, TRT does not increase the risk of prostate cancer. Putative risks include edema and worsening of sleep apnea. Several recent reports have also indicated that TRT may produce cardiovascular (CV) risks, while others report no risk or even benefit. To address the potential CV risks of TRT, we have recently reported via meta-analysis that oral TRT increases CV risk and suggested that the CV risk profile for im TRT may be better than that for oral or transdermal TRT.
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Van Buren, Nancy L., Anita J. Hove, Tracy A. French, and Jed B. Gorlin. "Therapeutic Phlebotomy for Testosterone-Induced Polycythemia." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, no. 1 (2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa019.
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate therapeutic phlebotomy (TP) requests for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and to highlight the impact to a blood center (BC) or service that provides TP for individuals on TRT. Methods Review of TP requests for individuals on TRT at our BC over a 3-year period from 2014 through 2016, as well as the total number of TP collections. Results Total TPs during 2014, 2015, and 2016 were 475, 500, and 569, respectively. Annual TP collections for patients on TRT were 193, 212, and 239, respectively. TRT patients with TP orders increased 71.4% during this period. After discontinuation of TP services for TRT at our BC, 32% continued to donate as volunteer blood donors at our BC. Conclusions Our BC observed increased TP requests for patients on TRT from 2014 through 2016. Our findings suggest that individuals on TRT may be presenting to BCs as volunteer blood donors to avoid charges for TP.
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Śmiałek, M., B. Tykałowski, D. Pestka, J. Welenc, T. Stenzel, and A. Koncicki. "Three-step Anti-aMPV IgA Expression Profile Evaluation in Turkeys of Different Immunological Status after TRT Vaccination." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 3 (2016): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0064.
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Abstract Maternally derived antibodies (MDA) don not protect turkeys against rhinotracheitis (TRT) but high MDA influences upper respiratory tract (URT) immunity stimulation after avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) vaccination. Humoral immunity can not be considered as an indicator of protection against TRT, but specific antibodies inhibit aMPV replication and alleviate the course of TRT. Scarce reports indicate the role of IgA in protection against TRT. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of MDA on stimulation, antigen specificity acquisition of B lymphocytes, and the production of specific IgA after TRT vaccination of turkeys. The results of our study indicate that MDA on the day of TRT vaccination causes disturbances at different levels of specific humoral immunity expression including antigen specificity acquisition of B IgA+ lymphocytes as well as production and secretion of IgA. Vaccine immunity against aMPV associated with sIgA is well expressed in birds not possessing MDA on the day of TRT vaccination, whereas it is inhibited in MDA+ birds. These results corroborate our previous findings and indicate that MDA could be responsible for TRT vaccination failure. These findings could explain the observed frequency of TRT field outbreaks despite aMPV vaccination of turkey flocks.
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Chang, Nan-Shan. "Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Conferring Cancer Cell Resistance to Tumor Necrosis Factor." Guthrie Journal 64, no. 4 (1995): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/guthrie.64.4.120.
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In a recent study we have shown that both the induction of cellular protein-tyrosine phosphorylation and the secretion of a novel extracellular matrix TNF-resistance triggering (TRT) protein are involved in the TGF-ß1 protection of murine L929 fibrosarcoma cells against the cytotoxic effect of TNF-α in the presence of ActD. TRT activates cellular protein kinases, thereby maintaining relatively high levels of phosphorylation and sustaining the TNF-resistance in L929 cells. In this study it is determined that TNF-resistant cervical carcinoma cells, ME-180 and HeLa, constitutively express TRT, and that TGF-ß1 further upregulates TRT expression. Unlike the TRT secreted from TGF-ß-treated L929 cells, ME-180-derived TRT blocks the cytotoxic action of TNF-α in the presence of ActD and the antiproliferative effects of TNF a alone. HeLa-derived TRT inhibits the cytotoxic but not growth inhibitory effect of TNF-α. These observations suggest that two types of TRT molecules are secreted in the extracellular matrix by ME-180. Conceivably, TRT provides a novel self-defense mechanism for cancer cells to evade TNF killing and immune attack.
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Jie, Yamin, Anxin Gu, Pingfu Fu, and Feng-Ming Spring Kong. "Does radiation increase the risk of immunotherapy related pneumonitis in cancer patients with thorax radiotherapy combined immune checkpoint inhibitors: A meta-analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): e15099-e15099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15099.
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e15099 Background: Thorax radiotherapy (TRT) combined with immunotherapy has shown promising results. However, it remains unclear whether TRT would increases the risk of immunotherapy related pneumonitis (IRP). Here, we performed a meta-analysis to compare the rates of IRP in patients treated with TRT to patients treated without TRT. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Two individual researchers conducted the platform searches on the PubMed upto Nov. 4th, 2019. Quality of studies was assessed independently by two researchers using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for randomized clinical trials, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Any disagreements encountered were settled through senior authors. The single rate of pneumonitis along with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% CI were computed using random-effects model after checking the heterogeneity across studies using the Cochran Q chi-square test and the I2 statistic. Data analyses were performed using R version 3.6.2, meta and metafor packages. Results: A total of 62 studies including 14648 patients on IRP were first selected. Thirteen studies had two arms data, 501 patients were in TRT arm, 1185 patients were in non-TRT arm. Two studies including 557 patients were treated with immunotherapy and concurrent/sequential TRT. The remaining 47 studies had no TRT patients or TRT data were unavailable. The pooled rate of any grade IRP of all 62 studies (14648 patients) was 6% (95% CI: 5%-8%). All grades IRP was significantly higher among patients treated with immunotherapy and TRT arm when compared to the non-TRT arm (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.04-2.00, P = 0.030). In the subgroup analysis, no significance difference in IRP rate was found between patients with various cancer types or various types of immune checkpoint inhibitors (p = 0.7033, p = 0.7522, respectively). The rate of IRP in all TRT patients was 18% (95% CI: 13%-24%), comparing to 5% (95% CI: 4%-6%) in control group. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates that TRT combined immunotherapy had an elevated incidence of IRP compared to non-TRT (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.04-2.00, P = 0.030). There remains a lack of data on risk factors of IRP in TRT patients, and future large-scale studies are warranted. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive meta-analysis of IRP for TRT patients.
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Gorgey, Ashraf S., Zachary A. Graham, Qun Chen, et al. "Sixteen weeks of testosterone with or without evoked resistance training on protein expression, fiber hypertrophy and mitochondrial health after spinal cord injury." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 6 (2020): 1487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00865.2019.
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Fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), protein expression, mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were measured following 16 wk of low-dose testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) with and without electrically evoked resistance training (RT) in men with spinal cord injury (SCI). Fiber CSA and protein expression of total GLUT4, total Akt, and phosphorylated Akt increased following TRT + RT but not in the TRT-only group. Mitochondrial CS and SDH increased after TRT + RT but not in TRT-only group.
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Markey, Jazmin A., Wendy Gong, Kasi N. Schneid, et al. "59 Effects of Feeding Nutragen on Clinical Signs and Leukocytes in Calves Following Natural Exposure to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Subsequent Mannheimia Haemolytica Infection." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (2022): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.049.
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Abstract Two experiments (EXP1 and EXP2) evaluated the effects of NutraGen (NG) on calf health following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on d -3 and Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) infection on d 0. For each EXP, steers (BW = 251 ± 38.2 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments (TRT). Treatments included a placebo (CON; EXP1 n = 5; EXP2 n = 5), a placebo fed from d -18 to d -3 followed by NG fed from d -3 to d 28 (CHLG; EXP1 n = 5; EXP2 n = 6), and NG fed from d -18 to d 28 (PREC; EXP1 n = 6; EXP2 n = 5). There was no treatment by time interaction (TRT×TME) or TRT effect for rectal temperatures (RT) or clinical scores (CS) in EXP1 or CS in EXP2 (P ≥ 0.26). There was a TRT×TME for respiration rates (RR) during the first 24 h following Mh infection (P = 0.04), and a tendency for a TRT effect from d -3 to d 14, and overall in EXP1 (P ≤ 0.10). There was a tendency for a TRT×TME for RT from d -3 to d 14 in EXP2 (P = 0.04). There was a TRT effect for RR from d -3 to d 14 and overall in EXP2 (P ≤ 0.05). There was a TRT×TME for leukocytes during the first 24 h following Mh infection in EXP1 (P = 0.03) and overall in both EXP (P ≤ 0.001). There was no TRT×TME or TRT effect for neutrophils (NEU), lymphocytes (LYM), or NEU:LYM in EXP1 (P ≥ 0.19); however, there were multiple TRT×TME and TRT effects for NEU, LYM, and NEU:LYM in EXP2 (P ≤ 0.05). These experiments suggest that NG has the potential to alter clinical and cellular responses during a bovine respiratory disease challenge.
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Mullins, Elizabeth P., Matt H. Poore, April D. Shaeffer, Deidre D. Harmon, and Carrie L. Pickworth. "129 Evaluation of Cotton Gin Byproduct and Whole Cottonseed in Diets for Growing Beef Steers." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (2022): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.072.
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Abstract Cotton byproducts, such as whole cottonseed (WCS) and cotton gin byproduct (CGB) can be utilized as cattle feed. Our objective was to evaluate the feeding value of WCS and CGB when included in a growing ration. Fifty-six yearling steers with a starting body weight of 288±3.8 kg were used in an 84-day trial. Steers were blocked by weight for pen assignments, and treatments were randomly assigned within pen. The nutritionally balanced diets were fed to appetite as total mixed rations through Calan gates. Treatment 1 (TRT 1), was composed of corn silage, ground corn, and soybean meal. Treatment 2 (TRT 2) replaced some of the corn and soybean meal with WCS (15% of the diet DM). Treatment 3 (TRT 3) replaced some of the silage with CGB (25% of the diet DM). Treatment 4 (TRT 4) replaced some of the corn and soybean meal with WCS (15% of the diet DM) and some of the silage with CGB (25% of the diet DM). Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar for TRT 1 and 2, which were lower (P &gt;0.5) compared to TRT 3 and 4 (8.8, 8.5, 11.3, and 10.3±0.24 kg/d for TRT 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Average daily gain did not differ between TRT 1, 2, and 4, but was higher (P &gt;0.5) for TRT 3 (1.27, 1.18, 1.32, and 1.54 ± 0.05 kg/d for TRT 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Gain to feed ratios were highest (P &gt;0.5) for TRT 1 and 2 compared with TRT 3 and 4 (0.16, 0.15, 0.12, and 0.13±0.009, respectively). This study demonstrates that cotton byproducts can be utilized in growing cattle diets to replace a portion of corn, soybean meal, and corn silage while resulting in similar or enhanced performance.
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Abrams, Keith R., Nicholas Latimer, Mayur Amonkar, Ceilidh Stapelkamp, and Michelle Casey. "Adjusting for treatment crossover in the METRIC metastatic melanoma (MM) trial for trametinib: Preliminary analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 9040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.9040.
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9040 Background: In METRIC, a randomized phase III study, trametinib significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR]=0.44 [95% CI 0.31–0.64; p<0.001]) vs chemotherapy (chemo) in patients (pts) with BRAF V600E+ MM and no brain metastases. Median overall survival (OS), a secondary endpoint, has not yet been reached. OS results are likely to underestimate the effect of trametinib as pts progressing on chemo could cross over to experimental treatment (trt). This analysis attempts to adjust for confounding effects of trt crossover on OS in the overall population and first line (1L) subgroup using current METRIC results. Methods: Randomization-based crossover adjustment methods – Rank Preserving Structural Failure Time Models (RPSFTM) and the Iterative Parameter Estimation (IPE) algorithm – were used. We conducted two sets of analyses testing different assumptions regarding the durability of the trt effect. “Trt group” analyses adjusted for crossover under the assumption that the trt effect is maintained until death regardless of trt duration; “On trt – observed” analyses adjusted for crossover under the assumption that the trt effect disappears upon trt discontinuation. Results are presented as HRs. Results: 178 and 95 MM pts were randomized to trametinib and chemo, respectively; 49.5% of chemo pts crossed over to trametinib as of data cut off (Oct. 2011). Median follow-up was 4.9 months and 19.8% deaths occurred across both arms. Crossover adjustment results are presented in the Table. Conclusions: RPSFTM and IPE “trt group” analyses resulted in OS HR point estimates that represented greater trt effects in the overall population and 1L subgroup compared to the unadjusted HRs. Results are exploratory because few deaths have been observed in the current dataset. Future analyses on a mature dataset should produce more robust estimates of the OS trt effect after crossover adjustment. [Table: see text]
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Rosen, Raymond C., Allen D. Seftel, Dustin D. Ruff, and David Muram. "A Pilot Study Using a Web Survey to Identify Characteristics That Influence Hypogonadal Men to Initiate Testosterone Replacement Therapy." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 3 (2016): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315625773.
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Men with hypogonadism (HG) who choose testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may have distinct characteristics that provide insight as to why they may/may not initiate therapy. The aim of the current study was to identify trends in patient characteristics and attitudes in men diagnosed with HG who initiated TRT (TRT+) compared with men who were diagnosed with HG but did not initiate TRT (TRT−). The market research-based online survey conducted between 2012 and 2013 included patients from a Federated Sample, a commercially available panel of patients with diverse medical conditions. The current analysis was composed of two groups: TRT+ ( n = 155) and TRT− ( n = 157). Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and attitudes toward HG and TRT were examined as potential predictors of primary adherence in men with HG; cohorts were compared by using Fisher’s exact test. Significant associations among sexual orientation, relationship status, educational level, presence of comorbid erectile dysfunction, area of residence, and TRT initiation were present ( p ≤ .05). College-educated, heterosexual, married men with comorbid erectile dysfunction living in suburban and urban areas were more likely to initiate treatment. The most bothersome symptoms reported were lack of energy (90% vs. 81%, p = .075), decreased strength and endurance (86% vs. 76%, p = .077), and deterioration in work performance (52% vs. 31%, p = .004); lack of energy prompted men to seek help. Patients (48%) in the TRT+ group were more knowledgeable regarding HG as compared with TRT− respondents (14%, p < .001), and most men obtained their information from a health care professional (89% vs. 82%, p = .074). The current analysis identified distinct demographic and clinical characteristics and attitudes among TRT users compared with men who were diagnosed with HG yet remained untreated.
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El-Khani, Aala, Kim Cartwright, Wadih Maalouf, et al. "Enhancing Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) with Parenting Skills: RCT of TRT + Parenting with Trauma-Affected Syrian Refugees in Lebanon Utilising Remote Training with Implications for Insecure Contexts and COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168652.
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Child psychosocial recovery interventions in humanitarian contexts often overlook the significant effect that caregivers can have on improving children’s future trajectory. We enhanced the well-established, evidenced-based child trauma recovery programme Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) intervention with parenting sessions, i.e., TRT + Parenting (TRT + P), which aims to improve parent mental health and their ability to support their children’s mental health. We describe the findings of a three-arm randomised controlled trial comparing enhanced TRT + P vs. TRT and waitlist. The primary aim was to test if children in the enhanced arm of the programme show improved child and caregiver mental health. We recruited 119 Syrian refugee children and one of their caregivers in Beqaa Valley in Lebanon. They were randomised to the TRT, TRT + P, or waitlist control group. Data were collected at baseline and 2 weeks and 12 weeks post intervention. Training of facilitators was via remote training from the United Kingdom. Results showed a highly consistent pattern, with children in the enhanced TRT + P group showing the greatest levels of improvement in behavioural and emotional difficulties compared to children in the TRT or waitlist control groups. Caregivers in the TRT + P group also reported significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress. Findings indicate that the addition of the evidence-based parenting skills components has the potential to enhance the effects of interventions designed to improve children’s mental health in contexts of trauma, conflict, and displacement. Implications for COVID-19 remote learning are also discussed.
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Carwell, D. B., B. R. Scott, G. T. Gentry, K. R. Bondioli, and R. A. Godke. "70 REFREEZING POST-THAWED GOAT SEMEN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 1 (2011): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab70.
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The ability to successfully refreeze caprine sperm could provide a means of salvaging semen that was mistakenly thawed. The objective of this study was to compare treatment post-thaw semen parameters of twice-frozen caprine semen. Frozen semen from six mature Boer bucks (range in age from 2 to 6 years) was utilised for this experiment. Semen from each buck was extended in an egg yolk-based extender and packaged in 0.5-mL plastic straws before freezing and stored in liquid nitrogen. Three units of frozen semen from each buck was randomly allotted to each of four treatments as follows: (A) thaw and evaluate (control), (B) thaw, then plunge into liquid nitrogen, thaw, and evaluate, (C) thaw, incubate for 3 min at 37°C, slow cool and freeze, thaw, and evaluate, and (D) thaw, incubate for 5 min at 37°C, slow cool and freeze, thaw, and evaluate. Post-thaw parameters included total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), membrane integrity (MI), and sperm abnormalities (AB). To obtain MI and AB, samples were stained with an eosin-nigrosin stain. A computerized programmable freezer was used to refreeze semen samples in treatment (Trt) C and Trt D. During the slow cooling portion of the protocol, samples were allowed to equilibrate at 38°C, then cooled to 4°C at a rate of 0.30°C min–1, and then held for 5 min. Samples were then cooled to –8°C at a rate of 15°C min–1, seeded, and cooled to –10°C at 15°C min–1, samples were then ramped to –80°C at 30°C min–1 before plunging into liquid nitrogen. Results indicate that post-thaw TM was significantly greater for Trt A (60%) when compared with Trt B, C, and D (0.05, 35, and 39%, respectively). Mean TM were not different between Trt C (35%) and Trt D (39%) but were greater than that for Trt B (0.05%). The PM for post-thaw semen in Trt A was also significantly greater (P < 0.05) when compared with that for Trt B and C (0.05 and 25%); however, no difference was found for mean PM for Trt A (47%) and Trt D (30%), nor were differences found between Trt C (25%) or Trt D (30%). Membrane integrity was higher in Trt A (27%) when compared to Trt B (2.2%). No differences in membrane integrity where found between Trt A, C, and D (27, 13, and 14%, respectively). Additionally, no differences were found between Trt B, C, and D for membrane integrity. Sperm morphology were not different were found with across all treatment groups. These results (i.e. Trt C and D) indicate that semen from mature Boer bucks can undergo a second freeze thaw cycle and still retain motility without dramatically affecting sperm morphology and membrane integrity. These findings indicate that directly plunging recently thawed semen back into liquid nitrogen should not be used for artificial insemination.
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Gammoh, Emily, Alexandra Clark, Samaneh Dowlatshahi, Erika Hoffman, Laura Potoski, and R. Harsha Rao. "Changing Prescribing Behavior of Primary Care Providers (PCPs) to Reduce Risk of Vascular Events (VEs) During Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) By Improving Access Through Electronic Consultation and Incorporating Education on Ordering and Interpreting Testosterone (T) Levels in a Lab Order Set." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A755—A756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1536.
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Abstract Introduction: Endocrinologists at this institution have adhered since 2008 to a policy governing who and when to prescribe TRT, akin to Endocrine Society guidelines. The policy, which does not apply to PCPs, excludes patients with a history of VEs (MI/CAD, CVA, VTE, PVD) &lt;1y prior (absolute contraindication [CI] to TRT), or 1-3y prior (relative CI), and recommends strict diagnostic criteria, based on ≥2 early AM T levels by LC/MS/MS, with Total T &lt;200ng/dl, or calculated bioavailable T &lt;100ng/dl; or free T by Equilibrium Dialysis &lt;5ng/dl. Data showed that 6 of 7 patients prescribed TRT by PCPs prior to 2014 (812/945 [85.9%]) did not meet criteria, and 3 of 10 had a prior VE (283/945[30.1%]). To change PCP prescribing behavior, two initiatives were implemented. One, in 7/2014, offered E-consultation to increase access to endocrinology input (EC ACCESS), and the other, in 5/2018, installed a Lab Order (LO) set with Education on how to order and interpret T levels (LO EDU). Objective: To determine the impact of the initiatives on TRT prescribing behavior and the risk of VEs. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of TRT prescribing behavior (adhering to diagnostic criteria and abiding by contraindications) before (2008-2014) and after implementation of EC ACCESS (2015-5/2018) and LO EDU (6/2018-6/2020) initiatives, and the impact on VE incidence. Results: TRT prescriptions decreased from 945 Pre-ACCESS (~135/y) to 121 after EC ACCESS (~31/y; p&lt;0.001), and 61 (~31/y) after LO EDU. Endocrine input into TRT decisions increased from 164/945 (17.4%] Pre-ACCESS to 67/121 (55.4%) with EC ACCESS, and even further to 51/61 (83.6%; p&lt;0.001) with LO EDU. The initiatives changed TRT prescribing behavior in 3 significant ways. First, PCPs were more likely to use ≥2 early AM T levels by LC/MS/MS when considering TRT (Pre-ACCESS: 196/945 [20.7%]; EC ACCESS: 62/121 [51.2%]; LO EDU: 47/61 [77%]; p&lt;0.001). Second, strict diagnostic criteria were more likely to be met in those prescribed TRT (Pre-ACCESS:133/945 [14.1%]; EC ACCESS: 43/121 [35.5%]; LO EDU: 41/61 [67.2%]; p&lt;0.001). Third, TRT was much less likely to be prescribed in those with prior VEs (Pre-ACCESS: 283/945 [30.1%]; EC ACCESS: 19/121 [15.7%]; LO EDU: 8/61 [13.1%]; p&lt;0.001). The changes in TRT prescribing behavior effected by the EC ACCESS and LO EDU initiatives were associated with a significantly lower incidence of VEs on TRT (Pre-ACCESS: 142/945 [15%]; Post-ACCESS: 17/182 [9.3%]; p=0.043), despite a significantly longer mean (±SE) TRT duration (Pre-ACCESS: 22±0.7mo; Post- ACCESS: 26±1mo; p=0.0158) Conclusion: Changes in TRT prescribing behavior after EC ACCESS and amplified by LO EDU resulted in a 75% reduction in total TRT prescriptions, a nearly 5-fold increase in appropriate TRT (meeting strict criteria), and a 2.5-fold decrease in contraindicated TRT (with prior VEs). These changes were associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of VEs during TRT.
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Franco, Alessandro, and Paolo Conti. "Clearing a Path for Ground Heat Exchange Systems: A Review on Thermal Response Test (TRT) Methods and a Geotechnical Routine Test for Estimating Soil Thermal Properties." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112965.
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The performance of ground heat exchanger systems depends on the knowledge of the thermal parameters of the ground, such as thermal conductivity, capacity, and diffusivity. The knowledge of these parameters often requires quite accurate experimental analysis, known as a thermal response test (TRT). In this paper, after a general analysis of the various available types of TRT and a study of the theoretical basics of the method, we explore the perspective of the definition of a simplified routine method of analysis based on the combination of a particular version of TRT and the routine geotechnical tests for the characterization of soil stratigraphy and the ground characteristics. Geotechnical analyses are indeed mandatory before the construction of new buildings, even if limited to 30 m below the ground level or foundation base when piles are needed. The idea of developing TRT in connection with geotechnical test activity has the objective of promoting the widespread use of in situ experimental analysis and reducing TRT costs and time. The considerations presented in the present paper lead to reconsidering a particular variety of the TRT, in particular, the versions known as thermal response test while drilling (TRTWD) and TRT using heating cables (HC-TRT).
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Akil, Hussein, Mercedes Quintana, Jérémy H. Raymond, et al. "Efficacy of Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Using [131I]ICF01012 in 3D Pigmented BRAF- and NRAS-Mutant Melanoma Models and In Vivo NRAS-Mutant Melanoma." Cancers 13, no. 6 (2021): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061421.
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Purpose: To assess the efficiency of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), alone or in combination with MEK inhibitors (MEKi), in melanomas harboring constitutive MAPK/ERK activation responsible for tumor radioresistance. Methods: For TRT, we used a melanin radiotracer ([131I]ICF01012) currently in phase 1 clinical trial (NCT03784625). TRT alone or combined with MEKi was evaluated in three-dimensional melanoma spheroid models of human BRAFV600E SK-MEL-3, murine NRASQ61K 1007, and WT B16F10 melanomas. TRT in vivo biodistribution, dosimetry, efficiency, and molecular mechanisms were studied using the C57BL/6J-NRASQ61K 1007 syngeneic model. Results: TRT cooperated with MEKi to increase apoptosis in both BRAF- and NRAS-mutant spheroids. NRASQ61K spheroids were highly radiosensitive towards [131I]ICF01012-TRT. In mice bearing NRASQ61K 1007 melanoma, [131I]ICF01012 induced a significant extended survival (92 vs. 44 days, p < 0.0001), associated with a 93-Gy tumor deposit, and reduced lymph-node metastases. Comparative transcriptomic analyses confirmed a decrease in mitosis, proliferation, and metastasis signatures in TRT-treated vs. control tumors and suggest that TRT acts through an increase in oxidation and inflammation and P53 activation. Conclusion: Our data suggest that [131I]ICF01012-TRT and MEKi combination could be of benefit for advanced pigmented BRAF-mutant melanoma care and that [131I]ICF01012 alone could constitute a new potential NRAS-mutant melanoma treatment.
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Baillargeon, Jacques, Randall James Urban, Wei Zhang, et al. "Testosterone replacement therapy and hospitalization rates in men with COPD." Chronic Respiratory Disease 16 (September 11, 2018): 147997231879300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479972318793004.
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Testosterone deficiency is common in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may exacerbate their condition. Research suggests that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may have a beneficial effect on respiratory outcomes in men with COPD. To date, however, no large-scale nationally representative studies have examined this association. The objective of the study was to assess whether TRT reduced the risk of respiratory hospitalizations in middle-aged and older men with COPD. We conducted two retrospective cohort studies. First, using the Clinformatics Data Mart—a database of one of the largest commercially insured populations in the United States—we examined 450 men, aged 40–63 years, with COPD who initiated TRT between 2005 and 2014. Second, using the national 5% Medicare database, we examined 253 men, aged ≥66 years, with COPD who initiated TRT between 2008 and 2013. We used difference-in-differences (DID) statistical modeling to compare pre- versus post-respiratory hospitalization rates in TRT users versus matched TRT nonusers over a parallel time period. DID analyses showed that TRT users had a greater relative decrease in respiratory hospitalizations compared with nonusers. Specifically, middle-aged TRT users had a 4.2% greater decrease in respiratory hospitalizations compared with nonusers (−2.4 decrease vs. 1.8 increase; p = 0.03); and older TRT users had a 9.1% greater decrease in respiratory hospitalizations compared with nonusers (−0.8 decrease vs. 8.3 increase; p = 0.04). These findings suggest that TRT may slow disease progression in patients with COPD. Future studies should examine this association in larger cohorts of patients, with particular attention to specific biological pathways.
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Ruigrok, Eline A. M., Nicole S. Verkaik, Erik de Blois, et al. "Preclinical Assessment of the Combination of PSMA-Targeting Radionuclide Therapy with PARP Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer Treatment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (2022): 8037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148037.
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Prostate specific membrane antigen targeted radionuclide therapy (PSMA-TRT) is a promising novel treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, PSMA-TRT cannot be used for curative intent yet, thus additional research on how to improve the therapeutic efficacy is warranted. A potential way of achieving this, is combining TRT with poly ADP-ribosylation inhibitors (PARPi), which has shown promising results for TRT of neuroendocrine tumor cells. Currently, several clinical trials have been initiated for this combination for PCa, however so far, no evidence of synergism is available for PCa. Therefore, we evaluated the combination of PSMA-TRT with three classes of PARPi in preclinical PCa models. In vitro viability and survival assays were performed using PSMA-expressing PCa cell lines PC3-PIP and LNCaP to assess the effect of increasing concentrations of PARPi veliparib, olaparib or talazoparib in combination with PSMA-TRT compared to single PARPi treatment. Next, DNA damage analyses were performed by quantifying the number of DNA breaks by immunofluorescent stainings. Lastly, the potential of the combination treatments was studied in vivo in mice bearing PC3-PIP xenografts. Our results show that combining PSMA-TRT with PARPi did not synergistically affect the in vitro clonogenic survival or cell viability. DNA-damage analysis revealed only a significant increase in DNA breaks when combining PSMA-TRT with veliparib and not in the other combination treatments. Moreover, PSMA-TRT with PARPi treatment did not improve tumor control compared to PSMA-TRT monotherapy. Overall, the data presented do not support the assumption that combining PSMA-TRT with PARPi leads to a synergistic antitumor effect in PCa. These results underline that extensive preclinical research using various PCa models is imperative to validate the applicability of the combination strategy for PCa, as it is for other cancer types.
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Potluri, Hemanth K., Carolina A. Ferreira, Joseph Grudzinski, et al. "Antitumor efficacy of 90Y-NM600 targeted radionuclide therapy and PD-1 blockade is limited by regulatory T cells in murine prostate tumors." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 10, no. 8 (2022): e005060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-005060.
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BackgroundSystemic radiation treatments that preferentially irradiate cancer cells over normal tissue, known as targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), have shown significant potential for treating metastatic prostate cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the ability of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to sensitize tumors to T cell checkpoint blockade. Combining TRT approaches with immunotherapy may be more feasible than combining with EBRT to treat widely metastatic disease, however the effects of TRT on the prostate tumor microenvironment alone and in combinfation with checkpoint blockade have not yet been studied.MethodsC57BL/6 mice-bearing TRAMP-C1 tumors and FVB/NJ mice-bearing Myc-CaP tumors were treated with a single intravenous administration of either low-dose or high-dose 90Y-NM600 TRT, and with or without anti-PD-1 therapy. Groups of mice were followed for tumor growth while others were used for tissue collection and immunophenotyping of the tumors via flow cytometry.Results90Y-NM600 TRT was safe at doses that elicited a moderate antitumor response. TRT had multiple effects on the tumor microenvironment including increasing CD8 +T cell infiltration, increasing checkpoint molecule expression on CD8 +T cells, and increasing PD-L1 expression on myeloid cells. However, PD-1 blockade with TRT treatment did not improve antitumor efficacy. Tregs remained functional up to 1 week following TRT, but CD8 +T cells were not, and the suppressive function of Tregs increased when anti-PD-1 was present in in vitro studies. The combination of anti-PD-1 and TRT was only effective in vivo when Tregs were depleted.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the combination of 90Y-NM600 TRT and PD-1 blockade therapy is ineffective in these prostate cancer models due to the activating effect of anti-PD-1 on Tregs. This finding underscores the importance of thorough understanding of the effects of TRT and immunotherapy combinations on the tumor immune microenvironment prior to clinical investigation.
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Zheng, Wen, and Xie Ben Wei. "Study of Vibration Fault Diagnosis on TRT." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.925.
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TRT unit is very important mechanical equipment in steel industry. It not only embodies in saving energy utilization of blast furnace gas, but also can stabilize a top pressure, reduce smelted fluctuation, and make the blast furnace more stable. Therefor, to implement TRT unit vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis is quite necessary. The vibration fault diagnosis of TRT is researched on this paper. Virtual instrument, modern signal detection and analysis technique, order analysis as well as the high-speed rotor dynamic balance technology are studied on TRT unit. At present, lots of enterprises use the vibration signal detection to ensure the safe running of the equipment and promptly eliminate the hidden danger. It has a great effect on research of TRT fault diagnosis system and security of the safe operation on TRT units.
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Bacevičienė, Rasa, Laura Valonytė, and Jonas Čeponis. "The Effect of Physiotherapy in Addition to Testosterone Replacement Therapy on the Efficiency of the Motor System in Men With Hypogonadism." Medicina 49, no. 2 (2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina49020013.
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Background and Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the addition of physiotherapy to testosterone replacement therapy provides added benefit in improving functional capacity of the motor system in men with hypogonadism. Material and Methods. The study involved 3 groups of subjects: group 1, healthy men (n=20); group 2, men with hypogonadism who underwent testosterone replacement therapy with physiotherapy (TRT+PT) (n=8); and group 3, men with hypogonadism who underwent testosterone replacement therapy alone (TRT) (n=10). Physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]) and body composition (X-SCAN analysis) were analyzed; the vertical jump test (Leonardo Mechanography®) was applied. Results. The application of testosterone replacement therapy together with physiotherapy for 6 months significantly increased the maximum and relative power of jump in the subjects in the TRT+PT group; however, in the TRT group, no statistically significant difference was observed. The maximum jump height for the subjects in the TRT+PT group significantly increased 6 months after the intervention; however, in the TRT group, this index remained unaltered. The lean body mass of the subjects in the TRT+PT group increased (P<0.05); however, in the TRT group, it did not change. The relative fat body mass in the TRT+PT group decreased significantly (P<0.05), but, in the TRT group, it had a tendency to increase, though insignifi cantly. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the application of testosterone replacement therapy together with physiotherapy (1 hour twice weekly) in men with hypogonadism may lead to earlier and better results in comparison with testosterone replacement therapy applied alone.
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Lapenna, Ruggero, Egisto Molini, Laura Cipriani, et al. "Long-Term Results of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Patients Who Failed to Complete the Program." Audiology Research 11, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/audiolres11010001.
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Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the results of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) in patients who did not complete the program. Methods: We divided 90 patients who failed to complete the TRT program were into 3 groups: 36 patients who only completed the first phase of the TRT program (Missing group; M), 34 patients who attended counselling for less than 6 months (Noncompliant group; NC) and 20 patients who attended counselling for more than 6 months but did not complete the TRT program (Compliant group; C). The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), tinnitus Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) and a questionnaire regarding the reasons for dropout were obtained through a telephone survey. Results: Telephonic THI and VAS scores were significantly lower than the initial scores in the M and C groups but not in the NC group. Patients who were unsure about the effectiveness of TRT were prevalent in the NC group, and the poorest long-term THI results were registered in those patients. Conclusions: A fundamental cause of very poor TRT results was when patients were unsure about TRT. On the other hand, a single counselling session could be effective in reducing tinnitus annoyance in patients who accepted the TRT approach and trusted its efficacy.
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Koshcheev, D. A., and O. Yu Isopeskul. "Perm region tourism clusters evolvement in 2010–2022: assessments, results and prospects." Regional nye issledovaniya 83, no. 1 (2024): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2024-1-8.
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The present investigation proposes one of the first analyses of complex formation and cluster activity within Perm region tourism sector in 2010–2022. The parameters mentioned, were taken in conjunction with the system of regıonal cluster policy measures of the same term. The present investigation was based on EDA of Perm region tourism recreation territories (TRT)statistics. The TRT within Perm region legislation is considered as the territories when tourism clusters can be created. The analyses mentioned were supplied with content analysis of news media publications, official document on regional cluster policy and the results of author’s opinion pulls of 2015–2022. The investigation showed that regional cluster policy did not have any sustainable effect on complex formation and cluster activity in TRT. Moreover, real tourism clusters in 2010–2022 were identified only in two from seven TRT. Other TRT had protoclusters only. Drawing from complex formation and cluster activity indicators, using kmeans method, we divided existing TRT into four groups. For each TRT group we proposed tourism development recommendations and (where it is necessary) tourism cluster / protocluster development recommendations.
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Aedh Alreshidi, Nasser, Muhammad Rahim, Fazli Amin, and Abdulaziz Alenazi. "Trapezoidal type-2 Pythagorean fuzzy TODIM approach for sensible decision-making with unknown weights in the presence of hesitancy." AIMS Mathematics 8, no. 12 (2023): 30462–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.20231556.
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<abstract> <p>Motivated by the concept of type-2 fuzzy sets, we introduce a novel framework known as trapezoidal type-2 Pythagorean fuzzy sets (TRT-2-PFSs), an extension of triangular fuzzy sets. Basic operations like addition and scalar multiplication of two TRT-2-Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (TRT-2-PFNs) are defined. We also explore comparative analysis and distance measurements between two TRT-2-PFNs. A methodology for evaluating unknown weight vectors and criteria weights is proposed. Building upon TRT-2-PFSs, an extension of the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision-making) method is developed to address intricate decision-making challenges. Ultimately, the newly introduced TRT-2-PFS-based TODIM technique is employed to tackle multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems.</p> </abstract>
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Aglan, Mostafa, Sumanth Khadke, and Brendan Connell. "Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in patients with locoregional prostate cancer (LPC) treated with prior androgen deprivation therapy (ADT): A single center review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): e24045-e24045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e24045.
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e24045 Background: In LPC, ADT may be combined with radiation therapy (RT) for 4-24 months. Post-ADT, a significant proportion of men experience prolonged hypogonadism. TRT can alleviate symptoms and improve metabolic outcomes. Contrary to longstanding concerns, there is no substantial evidence of increased prostate cancer recurrence in patients (pts) treated with single modalities (surgery or RT). However, sparse data ( < 100 cases published to our knowledge) exist regarding recurrence risk of LPC with TRT after prior ADT, where baseline T levels may fall below the androgen receptor saturation point. Methods: We retrospectively abstracted clinical data from hospital records of men with stage I – IVA PC, treated with prior concurrent ADT and RT and subsequently received TRT between January 2014 and September 2023. Extracted data included demographics, cancer diagnosis/staging, ADT/TRT treatment details and PSA and clinical outcomes. The co-primary endpoints were change in PSA and incidence of PC recurrence. Results: 21 pts met criteria. Median age was 77. ISUP Grade Groups (GG) included: GG1: 2, GG2: 2, GG3: 8, GG4: 2, and GG5: 7. AJCC 8th ed. stages were: I: 2, II: 7, III: 7, IV-A: 5. The median duration of prior ADT was 8 months (IQR 5 – 17) and the median interval from RT to TRT was 19 months (IQR: 12 – 44). Prior to TRT, the median testosterone level was 30.5 ng/dL (IQR: 17-76). TRT formulations included: injection: 6, oral: 4, topical: 13. The median follow-up period from the start of TRT was 13 months, and the median duration on TRT was 10 months (IQR: 5-22). TRT was ongoing in 15 (71.4%) pts and discontinued in 6 (28.6%). Reasons for discontinuation included testosterone recovery (1), hospice (not PC related) (2), no perceived benefit (2), MD concern for PSA rise (1). After TRT, the median testosterone level was 336 ng/dL (IQR: 207-462). Median PSA pre- and post-TRT were undetectable and 0.08 ng/dL, respectively. None of the subjects experienced PC recurrence or PC-specific mortality. One pt showed PSA bounce without recurrence. Median BMI was unchanged before (28.3 kg/m2) and after (27.7 kg/m2) TRT (p = 0.48). Due to the nature of the study, quality of life measures and metabolic parameters could not be systematically abstracted. Conclusions: In men with LPC who remained hypogonadal long-term after prior ADT and RT, we found that TRT was not associated with a significant rise in median PSA and no cases of PC recurrence were documented. This included many with a history of very high-risk cancers (eg. GG ≥ 4, Stage ≥ III). This study adds to the sparse existing literature in this clinical setting and together they support the case for a prospective trial utilizing TRT in patients who remain hypogonadal after ADT and radiation.
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Halim, Andrew, Edi Handoko, and Ahmad Dian Wahyudiono. "Efektivitas Tinnitus Retraining Therapy terhadap Perbaikan Nilai Tinnitus Handicap Inventory dan Visual Analogue Scale Penderita Tinitus." Sport Science and Health 7, no. 4 (2025): 185–98. https://doi.org/10.17977/um062v7i42025p185-198.
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Abstract: The aim this study to determine whether TRT is more effective than guided counseling in reducing Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores in tinnitus patients. The experimental study with a pre and post control group design involved twenty tinnitus subjects divided into two groups: the TRT group and the guided counseling group. THI and VAS scores were measured before the intervention, as well as in the second and fourth weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test to assess changes within each group and an unpaired t-test to compare effectiveness between groups. This study found that TRT was more effective than guided counseling in reducing THI and VAS scores in tinnitus patients. In the TRT group, significant reductions in THI and VAS scores occurred in every measurement period, whereas in the control group, significant reductions were observed only in certain periods. Comparisons between groups showed a greater percentage reduction in THI and VAS scores in the TRT group, particularly in the early stages of the study. TRT is more effective than guided counseling in reducing THI and VAS scores in tinnitus patients. These findings support the implementation of TRT as a more optimal therapy in Indonesia, although further development of facilities and medical personnel training is needed for wider application. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah TRT lebih efektif dibanding konseling terpimpin dalam menurunkan nilai THI dan VAS penderita tinitus. Penelitian eksperimental dengan desain pre and post control group ini melibatkan dua puluh subjek tinitus yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok TRT dan kelompok konseling terpimpin. Pengukuran nilai THI dan VAS dilakukan sebelum intervensi, serta pada minggu kedua dan keempat setelah intervensi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t berpasangan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan dalam kelompok serta uji t tidak berpasangan untuk membandingkan efektivitas antar kelompok. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) lebih efektif dibandingkan konseling terpimpin dalam menurunkan nilai THI dan VAS pada penderita tinitus. Pada kelompok TRT, penurunan nilai THI dan VAS signifikan terjadi di setiap periode pengukuran, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol, penurunan signifikan hanya terjadi pada periode tertentu. Perbandingan antar kelompok menunjukkan persentase penurunan nilai THI dan VAS yang lebih besar pada kelompok TRT, terutama pada periode awal penelitian. TRT lebih efektif dibandingkan konseling terpimpin dalam menurunkan nilai THI dan VAS pada penderita tinitus. Temuan ini mendukung penerapan TRT sebagai terapi yang lebih optimal di Indonesia, meskipun masih diperlukan pengembangan fasilitas dan pelatihan tenaga medis agar terapi ini lebih luas diterapkan.
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Hwang, William L., Andrzej Niemierko, Henning Willers, Florence K. Keane, and Justin F. Gainor. "Immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) in metastatic lung cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and thoracic radiotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 9079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.9079.
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9079 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but are associated with unique IRAEs, including pneumonitis (PNS). Thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) is also associated with PNS but it is unknown whether TRT+ICI increases the risk of PNS or other IRAEs. Furthermore, low serum LDH levels are associated with better response/survival to ICI but its potential role as a biomarker for IRAEs is unexplored. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 164 pts with metastatic lung cancer (95% NSCLC, 5% SCLC) consecutively treated at our institution from 2013-2016 with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and a minimum of one month follow-up, except in cases of rapid death from an IRAE ( n =4). Pts were grouped according to TRT received (+ vs -). IRAE grades were assigned using NCI CTCAE v4.0. Outcomes were compared using Fisher’s exact test and two-sided Student’s t-test. Results: Baseline characteristics such as age, gender, smoking status, supplemental oxygen requirement, median number of chemotherapy lines prior to ICI (1 vs 1), median ICI cycles (5 vs 3), and median follow-up after ICI initiation (8 vs 7 months) were similar in the +TRT ( n = 73) and -TRT ( n =91) groups. Rates of grade ≥ 2 IRAEs (18.1 vs 14.4%, p = 0.67), all-grade PNS (8.2 vs 5.5%, p= 0.54), and grade ≥ 2 PNS (4.1 vs 3.3%, p = 1) were not significantly different between the +TRT and -TRT cohorts. Mean TRT dose was similar between those pts who developed PNS and those who did not (55.8 vs 55.9 Gy). In the +TRT group, 85% received TRT a median of 8.6 months before ICI. Among 7 pts (10%) who had concurrent TRT+ICI, none developed symptomatic PNS. Patients who developed grade ≥ 2 IRAEs ( n= 26) had significantly higher mean serum LDH before initiation of ICI than patients who did not (283 vs 214, ref 98-192 IU/L, p= 0.03). Conclusions: TRT in lung cancer pts receiving ICI was not associated with increased risk of PNS in this series. LDH may be a negative predictive biomarker as pts who suffered grade ≥ 2 IRAEs had significantly higher baseline LDH than those who did not. Larger cohorts and prospective studies would be helpful to validate these findings.
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Higgins, Kristin Ann, Xinyan Zhang, Renjian Jiang, et al. "Survival outcomes in extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients treated with thoracic radiation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 8565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.8565.
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8565 Background: The benefit of consolidation thoracic radiation in extensive stage small cell lung cancer (E-SCLC) remains unclear. This study utilized the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to evaluate overall survival outcome (OS) for patients receiving chemotherapy (CT) alone for E-SCLC versus CT + thoracic radiation (TRT). Methods: The NCDB was queried to capture patients (pts) with stage E-SCLC from 2010-2013. Patients with brain metastases at diagnosis were excluded, as were patients receiving radiation prior to initiation of chemotherapy. Univariate association of OS was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and log-rank tests. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to compare treatment with CT only to CT + TRT. Propensity score matching method was also implemented to reduce treatment selection bias. All analyses were performed using SAS Version 9.4. Results: A total of 14,367 (12,019 received CT, 2,348 received CT + TRT) pts were included in the analysis. Patient characteristics included a median age of 66 years; 66 years for pts receiving CT, and 63 for pts receiving CT + TRT (p < 0.001). Male gender comprised 51% of pts; 52% in CT group versus 49% in CT + TRT (p < 0.001). Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score was zero in 53% of all patients; 52% in the CT group versus 57% of CT + TRT group (p < 0.001). In the CT + TRT group, the median total thoracic radiation dose was 45 Gy. On multivariate analysis, CT only was associated with an increased risk of death relative to CT+ TRT (HR 1.74 [1.65 – 1.84], p < 0.001). 5 year OS was 7% vs. 2% for CT + TRT versus CT alone (p < 0.001). On propensity matched analysis, CT + TRT was associated with better 5-year OS compared to CT alone (8% vs. 2%; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis of propensity matched samples, chemotherapy alone continued to be associated with worse survival (HR 1.76 [1.62 – 1.91], p < 0.001). Conclusions: For E-SCLC, CT alone as standard of care is associated with worse survival relative to CT + TRT.
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Liengswangwong, V., J. A. Bonner, E. G. Shaw, et al. "Limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: patterns of intrathoracic recurrence and the implications for thoracic radiotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 12, no. 3 (1994): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1994.12.3.496.
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PURPOSE This analysis was performed to determine the most appropriate volume that should be encompassed by thoracic radiation treatments (TRTs) for patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LSSCLC) who have responded to initial chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of all patients (N = 67) with LSSCLC who were not entered onto a research protocol and were treated at our institution between the years of 1982 and 1990 was performed. Fifty-nine of 67 patients had adequate information regarding the size of the tumor before the start of chemotherapy (computed tomographic [CT] scan of chest or chest x-ray), the size of the tumor before TRT, and the TRT field size based on a simulation radiography. All 59 patients were treated with cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy, and TRT was generally delivered concomitantly with chemotherapy following two to three cycles of chemotherapy alone. RESULTS Of 59 patients, 28 were treated with TRT field sizes that encompassed postchemotherapy tumor volumes, and 31 patients were treated with TRT field sizes that encompassed prechemotherapy tumor volumes (defined as a volume that included at least a 1.5-cm margin on the prechemotherapy tumor volume). Nineteen patients had an intrathoracic recurrence of disease as the first site of recurrent small-cell carcinoma: 10 of 31 patients treated with TRT fields that encompassed prechemotherapy tumor volumes and nine of 28 patients treated with TRT fields that encompassed postchemotherapy tumor volumes. For the 28 patients treated with TRT fields that encompassed postchemotherapy tumor volumes, the greatest distance that the prechemotherapy tumor volume (without margins) extended beyond the edge of the TRT field was 0.5 to 5.0 cm, with a median of 2.5 cm. All 19 of the intrathoracic recurrences were in-field failures, although two patients (one prechemotherapy volume and one postchemotherapy volume) did have concurrent pleural effusions. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the use of TRT fields that encompass postchemotherapy tumor volumes does not increase the risk of marginal failures or intrathoracic failures outside the TRT field.
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A, T. Edward, Linda My Huynh, Maxwell M. Towe, Kaelyn See, Farouk El Khatib, and Faysal A. Yafi. "Is there a role for testosterone replacement therapy in reducing biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): 5085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.5085.
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5085 Background: Historically, the use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has not been recommended in men with a history of prostate cancer (PC). However, low testosterone levels are significantly associated with metabolic complications, decreased sexual function, and (more recently) high-grade PC. In 2009, in hopes of improving sexual function outcomes in men following radical prostatectomy (RP), we began treating low-risk patients with TRT. The current study examines the impact of TRT on biochemical recurrence (BCR). Methods: Between December 2009 and June 2018, a cohort of 850 patients underwent RP by a single surgeon. 152 (18%) men were postoperatively placed on TRT for recovery of sexual function. All data was prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. TRT patients were proportionately matched to 419 control patients by pathologic Gleason Grade Group (GGG) and stage. Univariate and multivariate comparisons were used to compare rates and time to BCR (two consecutive PSAs ≥ 0.2 ng/dl); Cox regression modeling was used to generate a survival function at the mean of covariates. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative PSA, age, prostate weight, pathologic GGG and stage between the control versus TRT groups. Median follow-up time was 3 years in both groups. 7/152 (4.6%) and 39/419 (9.3%) patients experienced BCR in the TRT versus control groups, respectively (unadjusted, p=0.068). In adjusted time to-analysis, TRT was an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival, after controlling for GGG, p-stage, preoperative FT and PSA. A patient on TRT was approximately 53% less likely to experience a BCR (OR: 0.534, 95%CI: 0.288-0.993). Conclusions: After accounting for pathologic GGG, stage, and other significant covariates, the use of TRT independently reduced recurrence post-RP. These results suggest the need for a multi-center randomized control trial.
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Sandhu, Mansur A., Sandra Jurek, Susanne Trappe, Martin Kolisek, Gerhard Sponder, and Jörg R. Aschenbach. "Influence of Bovine Serum Lipids and Fetal Bovine Serum on the Expression of Cell Surface Markers in Cultured Bovine Preadipocytes." Cells Tissues Organs 204, no. 1 (2017): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000472708.
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To establish the influence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and bovine serum lipids (BSL) on cell differentiation marker expression, bovine adipose-derived stem cells from subcutaneous tissue were incubated for 14 days in 4 types of differentiation media containing 10% FBS and 10 µL/mL BSL (TRT-1), no FBS and 10 µL/mL of BSL (TRT-2), 10% FBS and no BSL (TRT-3), or no supplements (TRT-4). Cells were subjected to Nile red staining, immunocytochemistry (CD73, CD90, CD105, DLK1, FabP4), and quantitative real-time PCR (CD73, CD90, CD105, FabP4). The number of cells presenting FabP4 and the percentage of mature adipocytes with large lipid droplets were increased in TRT-2, accompanied by a robust increase in FabP4 mRNA abundance and a decrease in DLK1-positive cells. In preadipocytes, CD73 was present around the nucleus and translocated towards cell membranes during differentiation. Although the percentage of CD73-positive cells was not different among treatments, its mRNA abundance, immunocytochemical staining intensity, and translocation towards cell membranes were decreased when the medium contained no FBS (TRT-2 and TRT-4). All cells showed a diffuse distribution of CD90 and CD105 and remained positive for these markers irrespective of the treatment. However, the CD90 and CD105 mRNA abundance was decreased in TRT-2 and TRT-4; i.e., in media containing no FBS. The presence of FBS increased the absolute number of cell nuclei as assessed by DAPI fluorescence. Our results suggest that bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes display typical stem cell markers. The differentiation into mature adipocytes is promoted by BSL, whereas FBS endorses cell proliferation.
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Li, Shu-ying, Ya-ling Zhao, Yu-fan Yang, et al. "Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Endocrinology 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4732021.
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Background. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is commonly used for the treatment of hypogonadism in men, which is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (Mets). Recent compiling evidence shows that TRT has beneficial metabolic effects on these patients. Objective. A meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of TRT on cardiovascular metabolic factors. Methods. We conducted a systemic search on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI and selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to include. The efficacy of TRT on glycemia, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and body weight was meta-analyzed by Review Manager. Results. A total of 18 RCTs, containing 1415 patients (767 in TRT and 648 in control), were enrolled for the meta-analysis. The results showed that TRT could reduce HbA1c (MD = −0.67, 95% CI −1.35, −0.19, and P = 0.006 ) and improve HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) (SMD = −1.94, 95% CI −2.65, −1.23, and P < 0.0001 ). TRT could also decrease low-density lipoprotein (SMD = −0.50, 95% CI −0.82, −0.90, and P = 0.002 ) and triglycerides (MD = −0.64, 95% CI −0.91, −0.36, and P < 0.0001 ). In addition, TRT could reduce body weight by 3.91 kg (MD = −3.91, 95% CI −4.14, −3.69, and P < 0.00001 ) and waist circumference by 2.8 cm (MD −2.80, 95% CI −4.38, −1.21 and P = 0.0005 ). Erectile dysfunction (measured by IIEF-5) did not improve, while aging-related symptoms (measured by AMS scores) significantly improved. Conclusions. TRT improves glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid parameters in hypogonadism patients with T2DM and MetS, partially through reducing central obesity.
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Okada, Keisuke, Hideaki Miyake, Takaki Ishida, et al. "Improved Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated With Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Japanese Men With Late-Onset Hypogonadism." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 5 (2016): 1403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316652843.
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) and to identify parameters predicting the efficacy of TRT in improving LUTS. This study included 60 consecutive Japanese men who were diagnosed with LOH and subsequently received TRT between January 2009 and December 2014. In this series, 250 mg of testosterone was injected intramuscularly every 3 or 4 weeks in all patients. The following parameters were retrospectively reviewed: body mass index (BMI), Aging Male Symptom (AMS) score, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function–5 (IIEF-5) score, residual urine volume, prostate volume, serum levels of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and total- and free-testosterone levels before and 6 months after TRT. No significant differences were observed in BMI, residual urine volume, or prostate volume between surveys before and after TRT. The AMS score, IPSS, and IIEF-5 score were significantly improved and significant increases were noted in the serum levels of PSA and total- and free-testosterone levels after TRT. An analysis of IPSS subscores documented the significant improvement in storage symptom scores, but not in voiding symptom scores after TRT. Multivariate analyses of parameters assessed in this study identified the pretreatment AMS score, posttreatment IIEF-5 score, and prostate volume as independent predictors of improvements in IPSS following TRT. This study revealed that TRT appeared to have considerable therapeutic effects on LUTS, particularly on storage symptoms, in men with LOH.
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Parmar, Romir P., Austin Cronen, Clayton Hui, Michael Stickels, Evan Lederman, and Anup Shah. "Testosterone Replacement Therapy Is Not Associated with Greater Revision Rates in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 4 (2025): 1341. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041341.
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Background/Objectives: Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has become increasingly common, particularly for patients with symptomatic hypogonadism or individuals undergoing gender-affirming therapy. The current literature is inconclusive on the association between TRT and orthopedic surgery. This study sought to examine outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in patients receiving TRT. Methods: A retrospective cohort of RSA patients from 2010 to 2022 was queried using the PearlDiver database. Patients were included if they underwent RSA with at least 2 years of follow-up. Patients who underwent at least 90 days of TRT prior to their surgery were matched by Charlson Comorbidity Index, age, and gender to a control cohort. Univariate analysis using chi-squared tests and Student’s t-tests were used to compare demographics outcomes between groups. Results: A total of 1906 patients were identified who used TRT within 90 days of undergoing RSA, and these patients were matched to a control cohort of 1906 patients. Patients who used TRT within 90 days did not have significantly different rates of revision RSA (12.01%) compared to those without use (11.02%) (p = 0.335). Furthermore, between the TRT group and the control group, PJI rates (1.42% vs. 1.63%; p = 0.597) and periprosthetic fracture rates (0.58% vs. 1.05%, p = 0.105) were not significantly different. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that TRT use within 90 days of RSA does not increase the rates of revision, fracture, or infection. These results can assist surgeons when evaluating patients on TRT who also may be candidates for RSA.
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Yardim, Meltem, Levent Deniz, Mehmet Akif Saltabas, and Nilufer Celik. "Effect of Thyroxine Replacement Therapy on Serum Maresin 1 and NF-kB Levels in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis." Diagnostics 15, no. 10 (2025): 1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101248.
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Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of thyroxine replacement therapy (TRT) on serum Maresin 1 and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) levels in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Methods: A total of 90 patients were included in this study, 60 with HT and 30 without. Patients in the HT group were divided into two groups according to whether they received TRT. Group 1 included 30 patients who underwent TRT, and Group 2 comprised 30 patients who were newly diagnosed with HT, either euthyroid or hypothyroid. The analysis included serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), Maresin 1, and NF-kB. Results: The serum NF-kB level in the TRT group was significantly higher than that in the control and non-TRT groups. In the subgroup analysis of patients who did not receive TRT, the serum NF-kB level in euthyroid patients was significantly lower than that in hypothyroid patients. Maresin 1 levels in the control group were significantly higher than those in patients who did and did not receive TRT. The serum Maresin 1 level in the TRT group was significantly lower than that in the untreated group. Maresin 1 levels were higher in the euthyroid group than in the hypothyroid group. TPOAb levels were positively correlated with NF-kB and negatively correlated with Maresin 1. Conclusions: TRT maintains the euthyroid state in patients with HT, but may not contribute positively to the pro-anti-inflammatory balance in these patients.
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Sheikh, Saad, Asoke Dey, Sujay Datta, et al. "Role of radiation in extensive stage small cell lung cancer: a National Cancer Database registry analysis." Future Oncology 17, no. 21 (2021): 2713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2020-1095.
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The role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) and thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer remains controversial. The authors examined the National Cancer Database and identified patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer with no brain metastasis. Patients were excluded if they died 30 days from diagnosis, did not receive polychemotherapy, had other palliative radiation or had missing information. A propensity score-matched analysis was also performed. A total of 21,019 patients were identified. The majority of patients did not receive radiation (69%), whereas 10% received PCI and 21% received TRT. The addition of PCI and TRT improved median survival and survival at 1 and 2 years (p ≤ 0.05). The propensity score-matched analysis confirmed the same overall survival benefit with both PCI and TRT. This registry-based analysis of >1500 accredited cancer programs shows that PCI and TRT are not commonly utilized for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients who are treated with multiagent chemotherapy. The addition of PCI and TRT significantly improves overall survival in this otherwise poor prognostic group. Further research is needed to confirm the role of PCI and TRT, especially in the era of improved systemic therapy.
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Kim, Young-Lae, So-Hee Lee, Gi-Hwal Son, Jong-Suh Shin, Min-Ji Kim, and Byung-Ki Park. "Effect of Rumen-Protected L-Tryptophan or L-Ascorbic Acid on Plasma Metabolites and Milk Production Characteristics of Lactating Holstein Cows during Summer Conditions." Animals 14, no. 12 (2024): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14121820.
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This study investigated the effects of rumen-protected L-tryptophan or L-ascorbic acid supplementation on the productivity of lactating Holstein cows during a high-temperature period. Thirty cows were assigned to three dietary groups: control (CON), treatment 1 (TRT 1; rumen-protected L-tryptophan, 20 g/cow/d), and treatment 2 (TRT 2; rumen-protected L-ascorbic acid, 20 g/cow/d). As the high-temperature period progressed, the decrease in milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) in the TRT 1 and TRT 2 groups was lower than that in the CON group. The total protein level in the plasma of the TRT 1 group was higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). Milk melatonin concentration was higher in the TRT 1 group than in the CON and TRT 2 groups (p < 0.05). Thus, the present results indicate that rumen-protected L-tryptophan or L-ascorbic acid has positive effects in preventing declines in DMI and milk yield by reducing heat stress in Holstein cows. In particular, rumen-protected L-tryptophan is considered effective in increasing the melatonin concentration in milk.
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Nelson, Ariel Ann, Kristin Riemersma, Kathryn A. Bylow, Michael Holt, and Deepak Kilari. "Impact of pre-treatment hemoglobin (Hgb) on outcomes in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with lutetium-177-PSMA-617 (Lu-177)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (2023): e17065-e17065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e17065.
Full textAbstract:
e17065 Background: The Phase 3 VISION and TheraP trials excluded men with Hgb≤ 9 g/dL or blood transfusion within 30 days of Lu-177. Patients (pts) with mCRPC who are eligible for Lu-177 are often pancytopenic due to marrow infiltration and previous cytotoxic therapy. Clinicians are often faced with the dilemma of packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (Tx) to meet “eligibility requirements" of Lu-177. The impact of low Hgb levels on treatment (trt) outcomes is unclear. Methods: We retrospectively identified pts with mCRPC who received at least one cycle of Lu-177 between July 2022 and January 2023 at a single institution. Demographic, disease, laboratory and trt characteristics were recorded. Pts with Hgb level ≤10 g/dL or who received RBC Tx up to 14 days prior to the first Lu-177 dose were compared to pts with a pre-trt Hgb level ≥10 g/dL and no prior PRBC Tx. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Time to trt discontinuation was defined as the time from the first Lu-177 cycle until progressive disease per treating physician (clinical, radiographic, PSA progression) or adverse effect necessitating cessation and compared using the Kaplan Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were utilized to assess the association of Hgb ≤ or ≥ 10 g/dL on the risk of trt discontinuation. Results: 51 pts were included, median follow up was 5.75 months, median age 70 years, 90% Caucasian. 49% (n = 25) had Gleason 9 /10 disease. Median number of prior trt was 4. 94% (n = 48), received prior docetaxel and 39% (n = 20) received prior cabazitaxel. 27% (n = 14) of pts had either Hgb≤10 or received a RBC Tx prior to trt. Of these, 50% of pts (n = 7) had stopped Lu-177 prior to completion of 6 cycles. Median number of cycles was 3. Reasons for trt cessation included clinical decline (n = 4), PSA or radiographic disease progression (n = 2), cytopenia (n = 1). Of pts who had Hgb ≥10 (n = 37), most (86%) are in ongoing trt, 11% (n = 4) have stopped trt due to progressive disease, 1 pt died. Pts with Hgb≤10 had a shorter time to trt discontinuation, 4.5 months (95% CI: 4.43- NA) vs not reached for those with Hgb≥10, p = 0.004 and an increased risk of trt discontinuation HR = 1.65 (95% CI: 1.53-18.09, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Pre-trt Hgb≤10 g/dL may be associated with worse outcomes in pts with mCRPC undergoing trt with Lu-177 and caution should be exercised. A larger data set and longer follow up is needed to further investigate outcomes in this pt population. Multivariable analysis is planned. [Table: see text]
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Potluri, Hemanth, Carolina Ferreira, Joseph Grudzinski, et al. "594 Combination of antigen-specific vaccination and targeted radionuclide therapy improves anti-tumor efficacy in a murine prostate model." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (2021): A624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.594.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundWhile checkpoint blockade has been unsuccessful in prostate cancer trials, the approval of Sipuleucel-T demonstrates the value of antigen-specific vaccination approaches for this disease. We have studied a DNA vaccine specific for the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor (pTVG-AR) as a more scalable vaccination approach, though its efficacy is likely limited by the immunosuppressive prostate microenvironment. External beam radiotherapy has been shown to sensitize poorly responsive tumors to immunotherapy, but is infeasible for patients with widely metastatic disease. Our group has developed a compound called NM600 that can deliver radiation to all cancer sites simultaneously, similar to other targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) approaches. In this study, we used TRT in combination with pTVG-AR to improve anti-tumor efficacy in a murine prostate cancer model.Methods6-week old male C57BL/6 mice were implanted subcutaneously with TRAMP-C1 cells. pTVG-AR or the empty vector were administered weekly from the day after tumor implantation. An intravenous injection was administered of 50 (”low-dose”) or 250 μCi (”high dose”) of 90Y-NM600, estimated to deliver a dose of 3.1 Gy or 15.5 Gy to 300 mm3 tumors, respectively. In one study, this TRT treatment was repeated once after three weeks. Groups of mice (n=5) were euthanized at several time points for flow cytometry analysis of the tumors. Separate cohorts (n=7) were followed for survival.ResultsLow-dose TRT administered once in combination with pTVG-AR (median survival 91 days) significantly improved survival more than low-dose TRT alone (median survival 59 days; p=.049) or pTVG-AR alone (median survival 59 days; p=0.01). Low-dose TRT plus pTVG-AR was also superior to high-dose TRT plus pTVG-AR (median survival 67 days; p=0.05). We next examined the effect of giving high-dose TRT twice in combination pTVG-AR. We found that the combination of fractionated TRT and pTVG-AR greatly slowed tumor growth unlike fractionated TRT alone (p=0.03). High-dose TRT + pTVG-AR caused a two-fold increase in CD86 expression on dendritic cells (p=0.0009) on Day 3 and a 10% increase in effector memory CD8+ T cells (p=0.002) on Day 1 compared to TRT alone. This combination also resulted in T cells with 3-fold lower PD-1 expression (p=4e-7) and 2-fold lower TIGIT expression (p=0.01).ConclusionsThese data suggest that the combination of antigen-specific vaccination and TRT can be an effective treatment for cancers that are refractory to immunotherapy. This combination may act through increasing co-stimulation by dendritic cells, leading to a more active cytolytic CD8+ T cell population.
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Athavale, Aakriti Sanjay, Pankaj Kumar Sahu, Roohie Singh, and Rashmi Natraj. "Android software-based tinnitus retraining therapy: efficacy in treatment of refractory tinnitus." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 8, no. 9 (2022): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20222166.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tinnitus is described as a perception of sound in the absence of a sound stimulus. Despite the availability of a number of management strategies, the cure for tinnitus remains elusive. Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) combines sound therapy with directive counselling to address subjective tinnitus. This study was done to assess the efficacy of TRT in management of subjective tinnitus that is refractory to various tinnitus treatment strategies. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of Android software TRT in management of refractory tinnitus and to observe the association of hearing status on response to TRT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational, analytical cohort study of 51 patients undergoing smartphone-based TRT. The assessment tools included comprehensive audiometric evaluation, two self -administered questionnaires tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and tinnitus functional index (TFI) which were assessed at baseline (0), 6 weeks and at 12 weeks of TRT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical data analysis revealed significant improvement in perceived severity of tinnitus following TRT, reflected by improvement of THI and TFI scores (statistically significant, p&lt;0.05). Mean pure tone average threshold was 22.1Hz. Additionally, no significant association was found between the hearing loss and the severity of tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is significant improvement in self-perceived disability and severity following TRT as measured using THI and TFI. The results confirm the efficacy of TRT in management of patients with refractory tinnitus. </p>