Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'True and fair view of accounting'
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Walton, Peter James. "Accounting harmonisation and the case of French use of the true and fair view." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1989. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1085/.
Full textAlmásy, Michael. "Accounting and economics: Influence of accounting methods on economic indicators." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72865.
Full textKirk, Ngaire. "The true and fair view concept in New Zealand : a research report presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for 10.799, Massey University, 1998 /." Publications - School of Accountancy (Adobe Acrobat required), 1998. http://www-accountancy.massey.ac.nz/Publications.htm.
Full textHavlůj, Zdeněk. "Kreativní účetnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75490.
Full textMüllerová, Michaela. "Vliv daní na věrný a poctivý obraz účetnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76738.
Full textHübnerová, Eva. "Kreativní účetnictví malých podniků." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162861.
Full textGasbaoui, Julien. "Regard juridique sur les documents comptables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1016.
Full textAccounting records hold a central place within the framework of business life. For a variety of reasons, it is interesting to consider these accounting records within the legal scope. First of all, the drafting of these documents is subjected to a special regulation which keystone is to present a true and fair view of the accounts. The person drafting the accounts should always keep in mind this purpose and the necessary readability of thesaid documents. This aim can sometimes lead this person to depart from the accounting rule. This originality of the implementation of the accounting rule has to be coupled with an originality of the subsequent accounting qualifications. The rights and obligations drawn up within the accounting records are subjected to a reading grid which goes beyond the classical legal categories. This specificity is opening new horizons to the legal expert and leads to a reconsideration of the traditional understanding of the accounting activity. This interest is strengthened at the time of the receipt of the accounting documents which suggests questioning ourselves about the effects of the latter. On the one hand, which is the legal force of an accounting record, in other words, what is its probative force? Can an accounting record be qualified as a legal transaction or perhaps even more as a unilateral contract? On the other hand, what are the traditional functions of the aggregates revealed by the accounting documents? Should these traditional functions be challenged by the IFRS standards? Finally, which sanctions are foreseen as to accounting documents?
Hamid, Fatima Abdul. "Essays on the true and fair view." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288946.
Full textBucheery, Raja Ali M. "True and fair view : an Islamic perspective." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/663/.
Full textHanselová, Aneta. "Využití účetnictví a kompetence při kontrolní činnosti Nejvyššího kontrolního úřadu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206022.
Full textHanberth, Magnus, and Stefan Klein. "Den rättvisande bildens betydelse för kommuners redovisning - i skenet av den dolda pensionsskulden." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7369.
Full textBakgrund: År 1992 trädde en ny kommunallag i kraft vilket innebar flera förändringar av den kommunala redovisningen. År 1997 kom en kommunal redovisningslag och begreppet god redovisningssed fördes in i kommuners redovisning. Seden kantas av särregler som balanskravet och blandmodellen som är politiska beslut och inte är redovisningstekniskt motiverade. Kommunallagens krav på ekonomisk balans trädde i kraft år 2000 och är en av hörnstenarna i kommuners krav på en god ekonomisk hushållning. Balanskravet innebär att kommuner ska visa ett positivt resultat. Sedan balanskravet trädde i kraft har kommuners intresse riktats mot balanskravet i stället för mot det mer långsiktiga kravet på en god ekonomisk hushållning. För att kommuner ska nå upp till balanskravet infördes år 2000 en modell för beräkning av kommunens pensionsskulder benämnd blandmodellen.
Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur kommuner hanterar kravet på en god ekonomisk hushållning i skenet av den dolda pensionsskulden. Beskriva balanskravet och blandmodellen gentemot kravet på att redovisningen ska visa en korrekt bild av kommunens verkliga ekonomiska ställning och resultat, den rättvisande bilden. Samt belysa redovisningens roll och användning i en kommun.
Genomförande: Uppsatsen är genomförd med en kombination av en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ ansats. Studiens kvalitativa del bygger på besöksintervjuer hos fyra utvalda kommuner medan studiens kvantitativa del bygger på ett frågeformulär som skickades ut till 30 kommuner varav 18 svarade. Inom ramen för undersökningen har både primärdata och sekundärdata använts. Primärdata har inhämtas från besöksintervjuer, utskickade frågeformulär och expertiskunskap inom redovisningsområdet. Sekundärdata har bestått av litteratur, artiklar, tidskrifter, utredningar och årsredovisningar.
Resultat: Studien visar att begreppet god ekonomisk hushållning har haft en positiv effekt på kommuners ekonomi och där balanskravet ses som det mest centrala. Stor osäkerhet råder dock om vilka mål och policies kommuner ska sätta upp för vad som utgör god ekonomisk hushållning. Blandmodellen är ett politiskt beslut som sätter vedertagna redovisningsprinciper ur spel och går emot några av redovisningens kvalitativa egenskaper. Undersökningens respondenter sätter gärna likhetstecken mellan rättvisande bild och god redovisningssed men det skiljer sig mellan undersökningens fyra orter hur begreppen tolkas. Studien visar också att kommuner anser sig vara skuldfria när de har en ansvarsförbindelse för pensioner som i ett flertal fall uppgår till betydande belopp. Kommuner måste ta ansvar för sina pensionsåtaganden genom att fondera medel och inte skjuta över kostnader på nästa generation.
Background: In 1992, the new Local Government Act took effect, which implied several changes for municipal accounting. A municipal accounting law came in 1997, and the concept of generally accepted accounting principles entered into municipal accounting. This practice is marked by special rules such as the “balanced budget requirement” (balanskrav) and the “mixed model” of accounting (blandmodellen), which are political decisions not motivated by accounting. The Local Government Act’s requirement for financial balance took effect in 2000 and is one of the cornerstones in the municipalities’ requirements for good financial management. The balanced budget requirement means that municipalities should show that income exceeds costs. Since the balanced budget requirement took effect, the municipalities have focused their interest on it, instead of on the more long-term requirement for good financial management. In order for municipalities to fulfil the balanced budget requirement, the mixed model, which calculates the municipality’s pension liabilities, was introduced in 2000.
Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to (1) examine how municipalities manage the requirement for good financial management despite hidden pension liabilities, (2) to describe the balanced budget requirement and mixed model in relation to the requirement that accounting records should show an accurate view of the municipality’s true financial position and income/expenditures, the true and fair view, and (3) to illustrate the role and use of accounting in a municipality.
Methods: This essay was carried out through a combination of a qualitative and a quantitative approach. The study’s qualitative component is based on interviews in four selected municipalities, whereas the quantitative component is based on a questionnaire that was sent to 30 municipalities, of which 18 submitted answers. Both primary and secondary data have been used within the framework of the study. The primary data were collected from interviews, mailed questionnaires, and expert knowledge in the accounting field. Secondary data consisted of literature, articles, journals, studies, and annual reports.
Results: The study shows that the concept of good financial management has had a positive effect on the finances of municipalities, and the balanced budget requirement is viewed as the core. There is great uncertainty, however, as to which goals and policies the municipalities should set up to constitute good financial management. The mixed model is a political decision that eliminates generally accepted accounting principles and goes against some of the qualitative properties of accounting. The study’s respondents gladly equate the true and fair view with generally accepted accounting principles, but there are differences in interpretation of the concepts in the four selected municipalities. The study also shows that the municipalities consider themselves free from debt when they have contingent liabilities for pensions, which in several cases total significant amounts. The municipalities must take responsibility for their pension commitments by reserving funds for them, and not shift the costs to the next generation.
Jansson, Maria, Angelica Todoran, and Malm Maria Saleh. "En jämförelse mellan regelverken K2 och K3 : Vilka orsaker ligger till grund för valet av regelverk hos företag?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21617.
Full textThe Swedish Standards Accounting Board, which is responsible for the development of generally accepted accounting principles, started the K-project in 2004, which includes general advice divided into four categories of regulatory framework; K1, K2, K3 and K4. The regulations aim to provide companies with a uniform set of rules to comply with. K3 is the main regulation, but smaller companies, which do not meet the limit values for being classified as a larger company, can choose to apply K2 for their accounting (BFN 2017d).K3 is designed from a user perspective, which means that it contains more accounting options to provide users with a relevant basis for financial decisions. K2, whose purpose is to simplify the preparation of the accounts, is, on the other hand, intended to provide a reliable picture of the company's finances. The simplicity of K2 comes from the fact that it is rule-based and thus have clear directives to follow, unlike K3 which is a principle-based regulatory framework and in some cases requires a more professional assessment by the author (Norberg 2014; SRF konsulterna 2019).With this as a starting point, the purpose of the study is to investigate the causes behind companies' choice between these regulations. With the help of multiple case studies, we have carried out qualitative semi-structured interviews with four small companies and one auditor, in order to achieve our goal. We also received mail responses to the interview questions from one company and one auditor. We have had an inductive approach and collected data to generate results that can contribute to theoretical understanding of the subject. The results of the study show that there are accounting differences that to a certain extent affect companies' choice between K2 and K3, but it has also appeared that claims from the parent company have an influence in the choice. Companies generally do not have sufficient knowledge to decide for themselves which regulation is best suited to them and thus rely heavily on the auditors. Based on the study's results, therefore, we have shifted our focus to instead touching on how the Continental and Anglo-Saxon tradition have influenced the design of the K-regulations. This study is written in Swedish.
Backman, Mikaela. "Revisorernas inflytande : Komponentmetoden, en rättvisande bild och den institutionella teorins förklaring av mindre fastighetsföretags val av principbaserad redovisning." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12276.
Full textNěmec, Petr. "Věrný a poctivý obraz obchodní korporace v účetní závěrce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-383549.
Full textLambert, Sascha. "Die Rolle des 264 Abs. 2 HGB - true and fair view - im deutschen Bilanzrecht /." Berlin : BWV, Berliner Wiss.-Verl, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/486844854.pdf.
Full textau, Rebecca tan@anu edu, and Chyi Woan (Rebecca) Tan. "Accounting for Financial Instruments: An Investigation of Preparer and User Preference for Fair Value Accounting." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051011.123944.
Full textTan, Chyi Woan. "Accounting for financial instruments : an investigation of preparer and user preference for fair value accounting /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051011.123944.
Full textAmse, Sisil, and Tatijana Petkovska. ""A true and fair view" : en jämförelse av hur revisorer, nationellt och individuellt, tolkar begreppet." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6076.
Full textBegreppet ”a true and fair view” finns med i EG: 4:e bolagsrättsdirektiv och i IAS rekommendationer, där det anses att begreppet är en övergripande målsättning med upprättandet av årsredovisningar. För att årsredovisningarna skall kunna visa ”a true and fair view” av företagens ekonomiska situation skall man i speciella fall kunna avvika från regler, råd och rekommendationer med hjälp av tilläggsupplysningar och noter. Denna avvikelse går under namnet ”overriding”. De frågor rörande ”a true and fair view ” som 4:e direktivet inte behandlar är: mening, innebörd, definitioner och kriterier, detta ställer till problem vid framställningar och då revisorer reviderar företagens finansiella rapporter. Innebörden skiljer sig åt då olika människor tolkar begreppet olika vilket kan leda till att jämförelser mellan företagen inte kan göras. Om alla tolkade och gav begreppet en egen definition så skulle det bli meningslöst med företagens finansiella rapporter då man inte vet hur just den som upprättat/reviderat de har för uppfattning om begreppet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka och jämföra hur olika revisorer, nationellt och internationellt, tolkar begreppet ” a true and fair view” och hur de förhåller sig till overriding-regeln. För att kunna belysa och jämföra de olika revisorernas syn på begreppet ”a true and fair view” har vi valt att använda oss av ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Vi har diskuterat problemet med 6 verksamma revisorer, två från England, två från Sverige och en från Makedonien och en från Serbien. Därefter har vi från de samhällsvetenskapliga förutsättningarna och teorin kopplat in empirin. Det vi kom fram till i vår slutsats var bla att begreppet inte är tillämpligt på en internationell nivå i syfte att skapa en homogen marknad då de olika redovisningstraditionerna krockar med varandra. Det var inte bara de nationella redovisningstraditionerna som krockade utan även respondenternas kulturella och individuella medvetande. Som överordnad slutsats av vår studie fann vi att begreppet ”a true and fair view” inte kan användas operationellt inom redovisningen, och speciellt inte som ett överordnat begrepp, eftersom ingen verkar veta vad dess egentliga mening är. Det bör ske genomgripande förändringar i de lagar, regler och rekommendationer som finns idag.
Denoncourt, Janice A. "Patent-backed debt finance : should company law take the lead to provide a "true and fair" view of SME patent assets?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30743/.
Full textJohansson, Mats, and Andreas Thorén. "Vad är rättvisande bild?"Man har väl liksom en helhetskänsla"." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1827.
Full textBackground: Sweden’s membership in the EU affected the Swedish accounting regulation. Three EU-directives was implemented in the Swedish accounting regulation. This also meant that the concept "true and fair view" was introduced in the new "Årsredovisningslagen". The concept is not clearly defined and therefore the interpretation may differ amongst accountants.
Purpose: The purpose with the study is to understand the meaning of "true and fair view" and to find out how accountants use the concept. The purpose is also to investigate which factors contribute to achieve a "true and fair view".
Method: The method used to gather information was a qualitative interview investigation.
Conclusions: Our result shows that there is no difference between the concept"true and fair view"in Sweden and the Swedish GAAP. Our result also shows that additional information should be emphasized.
Nilsson, Sandra, and Matilda Karlsson. "Komponentavskrivning enligt K3-regelverket : upplevelse och tillämpning av metoden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17155.
Full textBjelevac, Belma, Ida Emet, and Hana Karamehmedovic. "Verkligt värde : Hur tillämpas verkligt värde på förvaltningsfastigheter i förvaltningsbolags koncernredovisning?" Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9822.
Full textDatum: 2010-06-03
Kurs: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 hp (FÖA300)
Lärosäte: Mälardalens högskola, Västerås
Institution: Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling
Titel: Verkligt värde -Hur tillämpas verkligt värde på förvaltningsfastigheter i förvaltningsbolags koncernredovisning?
Författare: Belma Bjelevac, Ida Emet, Hana Karamehmedovic
Handledare: Riitta Lehtisalo
Examinator: Cecilia Lindh
Problemformulering: Vilka värderingsmetoder finns för fastställandet av verkligt värde och vilken är den vanligast förekommande samt mest lämpliga metoden idag hos de undersökta fastighetsbolagen?
Hur förhåller sig de undersökta bolagen till begreppen försiktighetsprincipen och rättvisande bild vid värdering av deras förvaltningsfastigheter till verkligt värde?
Syfte: Syftet med studien är att genom en empirisk undersökning få en ökad insikt om hur de undersökta fastighetsbolagen i sin koncernredovisning fastställer och redovisar det verkliga värdet på sina förvaltningsfastigheter.
Metod: Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ undersökning genomförd med hjälp av mejlintervjuer med tre fastighetsbolag samt studerande av deras årsredovisningar.
Slutsats: De undersökta bolagen tillämpar en avkastningsbaserad metod, vilken kan ses som mest lämplig i den rådande ekonomiska situationen. Verkligt värde speglar en mer rättvisande bild än vid värdering till anskaffningsvärde, dock tas inte hänsyn till försiktighetsprincipen i lika stor utsträckning.
Nyckelord: Försiktighetsprincipen, förvaltningsfastighet, IAS 40, rättvisande bild, verkligt värde
Lindqvist, Malin, and Louise Sjögren. "Komponentavskrivning : revisorer och allmännyttiga fastighetsförvaltande företag." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10399.
Full textBusinesses should communicate a true and fair view in their financial statements. The Board of Accounting decided to change the accounting rules, which was made to simplify for Swedish companies and to achieve a better accounting. This shift in accounting norms was called the K-project. One of the regulations, K3, contains a practically new valuation method in Sweden, which is the component depreciation. Component depreciation will result in that companies report in a clearer way what is happening in the business. In this way it achieves a more accurate picture. The method has been well debated and criticized, mainly because the cost is very high for such a small benefit, but also because component depreciation does not seem to contribute to an improved reporting. The real estate industry is the most vulnerable sector, as they have many properties to consider which will result in even more components.The purpose of this study is to investigate if the component depreciation as an asset valuation method has contributed to a more accurate picture of reality. To measure this, we have chosen to conduct interviews in which we collect opinions about the method. We interviewed five public real estate management companies and five auditors about what they think about the component depreciation.The results we have produced are that opinions differ. All respondents agree that the component depreciation theoretically contribute to a more accurate picture, but not always practically. We can interpret a pattern. If real estate management companies from the beginning has made a thorough and well-made transition and has come further in the process today, they also sees the value of the method. For auditors, it is difficult to interpret any pattern, more than that the auditors opinions may be influenced by the environment.
Lundquist, Mathias, and Linda Söderholm. "K3-regelverkets krav på komponentavskrivning : Vägen till en mer rättvisande redovisning?" Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-20003.
Full textResearch question: What are the perceptions of real estate companies and auditors regarding the new requirement of component depreciation? - Does it lead to a better accounting seen from the concepts of relevance and a true and fair view, if so, how? How is the accounting in real estate companies affected by the new requirement of component depreciation? Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe what real estate companies and auditors think of the new requirement of component depreciation in Sweden. The study also tries to determine if component depreciation leads to a fairer accounting. Method: The study is based on a qualitative research method. The primary data used in the study has been collected through interviews with real estate companies and auditors. The secondary data used in this study was collected through a thorough literature study. Conclusion: Component depreciation leads to a fairer accounting compared to todays practice. A larger portion of the real estate companies’ maintenance costs will be activated in the balance sheet. Component depreciation leads to a more unified management of maintenance costs.
Danielsson, Åsa, and Tony Sjölund. "En rättvisande bild : - vad innebär det för svenska företag?" Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-248.
Full textDen historiska utvecklingen av redovisningen kännetecknas av två olika traditioner, den anglosaxiska och den kontinentala. De har utvecklats åt olika håll eftersom de bygger på två olika civilrättsliga system. I syfte att harmonisera redovisningen i medlemsstaterna har EU utfärdat ett antal bolagsrättsliga direktiv. Det mest grundläggande av dessa, det fjärde, innehåller ett krav på att årsredovisningen skall ge en rättvisande bild av företagets ställning och resultat. Eftersom det inte finns någon definition på vad en rättvisande bild innebär har begreppet fått en varierande tolkning i de olika länderna. Då Sverige blev medlem i EU skrevs begreppet ”rättvisande bild” in i den nya årsredovisningslagen. Syftet med vårt arbete har varit att mot bakgrund av de olika redovisningstraditionerna beskriva och analysera hur begreppet rättvisande bild tolkas och tillämpas i svenska företag. Vi har valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ metodansats. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom en intervju-undersökning bland företag och en intervju med en revisor. Resultatet av undersökningen visar bland annat att företagen och revisorn tolkar rättvisande bild samstämmigt trots avsaknaden av en definition och att deras tolkning av begreppet stämmer bra överens med hur det är beskrivet i ÅRL och i förarbetena till denna. Vi kan se ”rättvisande bild” som ett mål för årsredovisningen som kan uppnås med hjälp av lagar, rekommendationer och god redovisningssed.
The development of accounting is distinguished by two different accounting traditions, the Anglo-Saxon and the Continental European tradition. They have taken different directions since they are founded on different legal systems. In order to harmonize accounting between the member states the EU has issued a number of Directives on Company Law. The most fundamental is the Fourth Directive. It contains a requirement that the annual accounts shall give a true and fair view of the company's assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss. Since there is no definition of the meaning of ”a true and fair view”, the interpretation has come to vary among the member states. As Sweden entered the EU, the requirement of a “true and fair view” was implemented in Årsredovisningslagen (the Annual Accounts Act). The purpose of this thesis has been to, in the light of the different accounting traditions, describe and analyze how the concept of ”a true and fair view” is interpreted and applied by Swedish companies. To do this a qualitative method has been used. We have conducted a survey among companies and an interview with an auditor. The results show, among other things, that the companies and the auditor interpret “true and fair view” unanimously, despite the lack of a definition. The interpretation corresponds well to how the requirement is described in Årsredovisningslagen. We can see ”true and fair view” as an objective for the annual accounts which can be achieved by complying with laws, recommendations and “good accounting practice”.
Broberg, Anna Maria, and Joakim Åkerberg. "Komponentavskrivning enligt K3-regelverket : Hur identifierar fastighetsbolag komponenterna?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9580.
Full textProblem background and problem formulation: Component depreciation is part of BFN's general council also called K3, which became mandatory from the year 2014. In this comparative study we focus on how family owned and municipally owned real estate companies apply the component method, as they may have different motives to run their businesses. We therefore came up with the following problem formulations: In the identification of the number of components, what criteria do the family owned and municipally owned real estate companies have? How do these real estate businesses use the concept of true and fair view when selecting the number of components? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a model to explain which criteria family owned and municipally owned real estate companies takes into account when discriminating the number of components according to the K3 regulations. Method: Because the area is unexplored, the study has an exploratory purpose. The study was conducted with a triangulation, where we first did a pilot study to find out if the real estate companies had sufficient knowledge to answer our questions. This was followed by a qualitative study with seven interviews and one mail interview. Analysis and conclusion: Both family owned and municipal owned real estate companies consider the long-term aspects in the identification of number of components. The real estate companies have, because of the uncertainty they have experienced when identifying the components, widely followed the guidelines made by professional organizations. The municipally owned real estate companies have increasingly cooperated with other real estate companies when selecting the number of components. The real estate companies think that the concept of true and fair view will improve in the future as it creates a more uniform method of application of the component method.
Ström, Evelina, and Frida Jansson. "Mindre företags redovisning : Revisorns syn på komplexitet kopplat till K2." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20550.
Full textProblem background and problem formulation The Annual Accounts Act sets out size requirements regarding which regulations companies should apply. Smaller companies have the opportunity to apply K2, which is a simplified set of rules that exists for smaller companies with simpler conditions, or K3, which is the main set of rules. In previous research, it is mentioned that smaller companies can be too complex to report according to K2 despite the fact that they meet the size requirements set by the Annual Accounts Act. The concept of complexity has therefore been problematized and examined empirically to find aspects that may lead to smaller companies being considered too complex to report according to K2 that they no longer present a true and fair view of the company's financial position and also why a complex company still chooses to report according to K2. Purpose and Method The purpose of the study is to explore which aspects according to auditors makes a smallercompany that reports according to K2, considered too complex to give a true and fair view of the company's financial position and also explore why auditors think that companies choose to report according to K2 even though they are too complex. A qualitative method has been used where interviews with auditors have been performed. Analysis and conclusion The study was able to show that auditors define the concept of true and fair view in different ways, as all auditors who participated in the study have given different interpretations of the concept. A theme that has been present in all interpretations has been that true and fair viewmeans that the company's financial position must reflect reality as far as possible. According to the auditors, the aspects that emerged in the study, which could make a smaller company too complex to apply K2, may be linked to self-generated intangible assets, tangible assets, revaluation and deferred tax liabilities. The fact that the company still reports according to K2 despite the fact that they are too complex according to the auditors, the empirical evidence indicates that this is due to the cost of changing regulations, lack of time, ignorance within the company and that the company operates in a limited market where there is no need for more details.
Bříza, Michal. "Transformace účetní závěrky podniku v souladu s Mezinárodními standardy účetního výkaznictví." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223422.
Full textJohan, Axelsson, Kristoffer Ersson, and Jesper Karlsson. "De internationella musikbolagens redovisning av immateriella tillgångar : Vad kan de svenska bolagen tillämpa i jakten på rättvisande bild?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23672.
Full textSyfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och förklara hur internationella musikbolag redovisar sina immateriella tillgångar för att på så sätt kunna undersöka huruvida liknande metoder kan tillämpas på den svenska marknaden. Metod: Studien har utgått från en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med en abduktiv ansats. Insamlad data kommer främst från sekundärkällor i form av tillstrykta koncernredovisningar. Slutsats: De svenska musikbolagen aktiverar sina immateriella tillgångar delvis eller inte alls, trots att dessa tillgångar i form av musikkataloger, rättigheter, kontrakt och förskott är de som genererar intäkter hos företagen. Studien har resulterat i en beskrivning av hur bolagen gör på internationell nivå enligt IASB och FASB’s regelverk. I och med denna redogörelse har vi funnit brister i sättet de svenska bolagen upprättar sin redovisning enligt årsredovisingslagen. I analysen påtalas dessa brister och i vilken mån dessa internationella standarder kan tillämpas hos de svenska bolagen för att på så sätt ta steget mot en mer rättvisande bild samt en harmoniserad och jämförbar redovisning.
Jonsson, Linnéa, and Clara Svensson. "En Ex-Ante Analys av IFRS 16." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17029.
Full textBackground: The new standard for lease accounting, IFRS 16, was introduced January 1st, 2019. Until this date, companies that comply with IFRS have had the choice to report leasing agreements as financial or operating leases. Before IFRS 16, the majority of lease agreements have been reported as operating leases, not least in the industrial sector where machines and properties are frequently used. In accordance with IFRS 16, all leasing agreements will instead be reported as a right-of-use asset in the balance sheet. The objective of IFRS 16 is that the accounting of leases should accurately reflect the company's actual financial position and give a true and fair view of the business. However, there are critics of the new standard, who consider it an “unnecessary evil”. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether IFRS 16 will fulfill its objectives and reduce information asymmetry between companies and investors, or if it is only an "unnecessary evil". Methods: In order to generalize the effects of IFRS 16 in the industrial sector, this paper was conducted with a quantitative approach. To fulfill the purpose of the paper, we used a capitalization method for operating leases, to examine how the financial statements and ratios of 30 listed companies may be affected by IFRS 16. A regression analysis was conducted to test the correlation between operating lease accounting and a company's market value in order to observe how IFRS 16 may affect investors' business valuation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the financial ratios most effected by IFRS 16, are the balance ratios, regardless of the size of the companies. Performance ratios and liquidity ratios are only significantly affected for medium-sized and large listed industrial companies. The study also shows that IFRS 16 will not reduce information asymmetry between companies and investors, as the information on operating leases is already disclosed in the notes. However, IFRS 16 will fulfill its function for less sophisticated investors and reduce the costs of adjusting the financial statements for investors. We can therefore conclude that IFRS 16 is not an "unnecessary evil".
Cederlund, Jessica, and Katarina Liedman. "Leasing : Harmonisering av leasingredovisning." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10408.
Full textLeasing is a popular financing method and has received a lot of criticism for its accounting because it is not representing a true and fair view. This problem was one of the things on the agenda of the convergence project between IASB and FASB. The prime criticism is aimed for those companies that report under US GAAP where the standard is easy to manipulate by classify the leases as operating. The operating contracts are providing a deceptive picture by avoiding the balance sheet. The reason way this is deceptive are because the leased asset generates income for the company.The purpose of the study is to conduct a deeper discussion about the future leasing standard and its impact. Since the standard has not yet been put into use, the study contributes to increase knowledge in the area for the future standard. The study is based on a qualitative approached with quantitative and qualitative data. Different approached has been considered when collecting empirical data. The empirical data process information about leasing and calculations on the expected impact of the new standard and also discussions with the respondents.The result indicates that the new standard have a significant influence on the companies that have a large proportion of operating leases. The outcome also indicates how the key figures solidity and debt to equity ratio is being impaired through a capitalizing of operating leases. The outcome gives an increased true and fair view of the leasing standard. However financial engineering can disrupt the true and fair view.The study covers a deeper discussion about a controversial subject, but it was not until January this year the standard was publicly presented. The study therefore contributes with relevant information to the final product of the convergence project for leasing and a discussion about alternative financial engineering.This thesis is written in Swedish.
Gustafsson, Johanna, and Karolin Ryberg. "Redovisning till verkligt värde av förvaltningsfastigheter : En rättvisande bild?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15092.
Full textPurpose: The purpose is to analyse how fair value accounting of investment property affect the true and fair view of a company. Background: Valuing fixed assets at historical cost has for a long time been the preferred choice in Europe. Although this method is reliable it is not considered to contribute to a true and fair view of a company. This can however fair value accounting (FVA) be considered to do as it creates relevance in the financial reports. On the other hand, FVA can also be associated with reduced reliability, volatility in profits and procyclicality. FVA was first adopted by the investment property industry in 2005 when IAS/IFRS was imposed in Sweden. This industry is characterised by its volatile property values, which are preferably to be valued at fair value. This raises the question of whether the values of the investment properties really are fair? Method: In order to answer the purpose a qualitative method was used. The deductive approach enabled a comparison between existing theories and empirical material gathered through in-depth interviews. The interviews were non- standardised and conducted with four authorised auditors from the four largest auditing firms, and a fair value expert. Conclusion: FVA of investment property contributes to the true and fair view of a company in terms of relevance and comparability. Since shareholders are the primary users of financial information FVA can also be considered understandable. The valuation method does however have a negative affect on the true and fair view due to considerable deficiencies in reliability. If relevance can be considered to make up for these deficiencies, it can be argued that FVA contributes to the true and fair view of a company.
NOVÁKOVÁ, Lucie. "Dopady vybraných změn účetní legislativy na vykazování a porovnávání dat." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394550.
Full textŠVAMBERK, David. "Techniky kreativního účetnictví - aspekty vypovídací schopnosti účetních výkazů sestavených dle mezinárodních standardů účetního výkaznictví." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367449.
Full textKLEČKOVÁ, Jitka. "Metody kreativního účetnictví, modely a jejich využití." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174037.
Full textVALDMANOVÁ, Dominika. "Rozhodování uživatele účetní závěrky o finanční pozici podniku." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403702.
Full textDOKOUPILOVÁ, Lenka. "Detekce výskytu účetních chyb a podvodů." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-375979.
Full textFrancisco, Maria Matilde da Costa Lavouras. "A transparência nas demonstrações financeiras: a 'true and fair view' e o 'fair value' na tributação das empresas." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/23899.
Full textO presente trabalho pretende constituir um contributo para o estudo dos problemas que no actual contexto decorrem da adopção das denominadas Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IAS/IFRS) sobretudo ao nível das implicações que dos conceitos de ‘true and fair view’ e ‘fair value’ podem decorrer para a transparência das demonstrações financeiras. A escolha do tema, actual porquanto relacionado por alguns com a grave crise económica e financeira iniciada na segunda metade do ano de 2007 serve de pretexto para incursões mais ou menos alongadas sobre questões relacionadas com as prespectivas de relacionamento entre o Direito e a Contabilidade e a perda desta última das prerrogativas que tradicionalmente se lhe encontravam reservadas de regulação através de standars aplicativos e verdadeiramente constitutivos e conceitos com conteúdo técnico insindicável quer pela administração tributária quer em muitos casos pelos tribunais. Todas estas dimensões implicaram a análise da teia de relações entre o direito e a contabilidade com especial incidência sobre a problemática emergente da adopção da ‘true and fair view’ e do ‘fair value’ numa perspectiva orientada por argumentos económicos que assumem relevo preponderante no tratamento das questões jurídicas. Procurou trazer-se para o centro da discussão a problemática do tratamento diderenciado dado às normas contabilísticas, colocando-as a salvo da sindicância jurisdicional, para sustentar precisamente o inverso. Ao submeter estes dois conceitos a um tratamento idêntico ao dos demais conceitos jurídicos, sem no entanto perder o referente técnico de que as mesmas se encontram imbuídas. Para além disso importava sobretudo determinar ainda se e em que medida a informação contabilística elaborada com respeito à ‘true and fair view’ e ao ‘fair value’ é capaz de fornecer a destinatários diversificados, e sobretudo ao estado informação suficiente, necessária e adequada aos objectivos traçados para a política fiscal.
The aim of this study is to determine the problems that arise in the current context of the adoption of the International Accounting Standards (IAS / IFRS) particularly the implications of the concepts of 'true and fair view' and 'fair value' related to the transparency of financial statements. The theme – topical because of its association with the economic and financial crisis that started in the second half of 2007 – is chosen as a point of departure to tackle issues related to the relationship between Law and Accounting, and the loss of the latter’s traditional prerogatives of regulation, by means of standards applications and truly constitutive technical concepts that cannot be controlled either by the administration or by the courts. All these dimensions occurred in the specific relationships between law and accounting with particular focus on the emerging issue related to the adoption of the concepts of true and fair view and fair value. The analysis is guided by economic arguments that assume overriding importance. In consequence we refute the traditional treatment given to accounting standards usually safe from outsider control, submitting these two concepts the same treatment as the other legal concepts, but without losing the technician referent. Furthermore it was important to also determine whether and to what extent accounting information developed regarding the 'true and fair view' and the 'fair value' is able to provide to all the stakeholders and the Government, information that is sufficient, necessary and appropriate for the targets set for tax policy.
ČERVENKOVÁ, Klára. "Možnosti detekce rizika podvodu a účetních chyb v podmínkách českých účetních předpisů." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-375978.
Full textCotting, René. "Rechnungslegung von latenten Ertragsteuern im Konzernabschluss nach einem True-And-Fair-View : mit Darlegungen und Interpretationen der SFAS 109, IAS 12 und der FER 11 und Empfehlungen zu deren Verbesserung /." 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015171923&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textŠTEFANOVÁ, Veronika. "Vybrané problémy zemědělského účetnictví, jejich odraz v praxi a návrhy na řešení." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-175479.
Full textŠIROKÁ, Nikola. "Možnosti identifikace rizika účetních podvodů a nesprávností ve finančních výkazech." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-381527.
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