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Journal articles on the topic 'True crime television programs'
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Tetik, Anlı Tuna, and Dilay Özgüven. "Reality Crime Programs in Turkish Television: The Notorious Case of Palu Family on Müge." ATHENS JOURNAL OF MASS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS 7, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajmmc.7-2-4.
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The crime drama has always been popular on radio and television. Following this popular programming type, these programs found its way into reality crime programs. The reality crime programs emerged in U.S television in the late 1980s as the combination of news, crime dramas, and even horror genre. The reality crime programs placed themselves mainly in two formats in the television world. There is a vignette format where actors reenact actual crimes, and another one is the live-action format. It is the 1990s for Turkey to introduce reality television to the audience. One of the popular programs that were first broadcasted on ATV in 2008 hosted by Müge Anlı is the Müge Anlı ile Tatlı Sert. After we discuss the popularity of the reality crime television and the cases from American television, MATS is discussed as a certain criminal case from Turkey. This case is publicly recognized as Palu Family. This article argues how the case of the Palu Family became a televised public psychosis in MATS which is a hybrid reality crime program. With this regard, we will study family violence, sexual abuse, and homicide that have become publicly available to the audience. Keywords: reality TV, reality crime programs, infotainment, crime, Turkish television, Müge Anlı
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Walters, Elizabeth. "Netflix Originals: The Evolution of True Crime Television." Velvet Light Trap 88 (September 2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/vlt8803.
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Platten, David. "Damaged Goods? The Edginess of True Crime." Crime Fiction Studies 3, no. 2 (September 2022): 140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cfs.2022.0071.
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This essay explores the ontological and aesthetic qualities of true crime. With reference to stories set in different regions of the world, produced by writers with hybridised cultural identities, it draws on concepts of ‘truthiness’ (Colbert), ‘depthiness’ (Vermeulen) and ‘eeriness’(Fisher) to show how true crime encodes a neo-modernist aesthetic, marked by attention to place, non-standard verbal forms, and narrative polyphony. However, its ontological dimension also encourages an intense form of participation on the part of the reader-consumer, who, when listening to podcasts or watching television dramas, is fully integrated into the hermeneutic process and might even help solve the crime. My argument is supported by analyses of Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood (1966), David Peace’s 1980 (2001), Haruki Murakami’s Underground (2013), Marlon James’s A Brief History of Seven Killings (2014), Sarah Koenig’s Serial podcast (2014) and the HBO television drama, The Case against Adnan Syed (2019).
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Abbas, Sadia, Lubna Shaheen, and Muhammad Naseem Anwar. "Role of Crime Dramas in Making Opinions about Criminal Justice System of Pakistan." Global Digital & Print Media Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2021(iv-ii).01.
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The objective of this research is to study the impact of crime dramatized television programs on citizens' perceptions of the criminal justice system of Pakistan. The impact of crime-related television programs on criminal justice issues, including perceptions of police,clearance rates, crime, and fear of victimization, is focused. This study illustrated how and to what degree these crime dramas change the perception of common people of different ages, sexes, experiences and educational backgrounds. The Cultivation Theory (Gerbner, 1960) guided the study. This quantitative research is based on a cross sectional survey and data is collected employing the instrument of a valid questionnaire. The random sampling technique has been applied to reach out to the respondents to investigate about their crime programs watching habits as well as their opinions and views on different aspects of the justice system, including police effectiveness and fear of victimization. The data was collected from students of three departments of the University of the Punjab i.e. Law, Criminology,Communication Studies. The data will be analyzed with the help of SPSS.
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Reijnders, Stijn. "The people’s detective: true crime in Dutch folklore and popular television." Media, Culture & Society 27, no. 5 (September 2005): 635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443705055720.
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Soulliere, Danielle M. "PRIME-TIME CRIME: PRESENTATIONS OF CRIME AND ITS PARTICIPANTS ON POPULAR TELEVISION JUSTICE PROGRAMS." Journal of Crime and Justice 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2003.9721182.
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Entman, Robert M. "Blacks in the News: Television, Modern Racism and Cultural Change." Journalism Quarterly 69, no. 2 (June 1992): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900209.
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Local news may be one vehicle through which television helps, inadvertently, both to preserve and to transform cultural values. Content analysis on the evening news on four Chicago television stations over a lengthy period suggests local television responds to viewing tastes of black audiences. However, data on these Chicago television news programs suggest racism still may be indirectly encouraged by normal crime and political coverage that depict blacks, in crime, as more physically threatening and, in politics, as more demanding than comparable white activists or leaders. Ironically, widespread employment of black television journalists suggests to viewers that racial discrimination is no longer a significant social problem. The mix of these two views of blacks encourages modern white racism—hostility, rejection and denial toward black aspirations—the study argues.
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Garland, Tammy S., Ashley G. Blackburn, John A. Browne, and Candace D. Blanfort. "Prime-Time Representations of Female Federal Agents in Television Dramas." Feminist Criminology 13, no. 5 (February 13, 2017): 609–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085117693089.
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Television crime programs not only impart messages regarding the nature of crime and criminal justice but also aid in the creation of stereotypes regarding females working in law enforcement. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes a sample of prime-time crime dramas to examine issues of employment, discrimination, sexualization, and victimization within series episodes. Although portrayals of female law enforcement officers have improved, female characters continue to face issues of discrimination and victimization. The manner in which these messages may be cultivated and disseminated and what this means for consumers, especially women interested in law enforcement careers, are explored.
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Rosenberger, Jared S., and Valerie J. Callanan. "The Influence of Media on Penal Attitudes." Criminal Justice Review 36, no. 4 (December 2011): 435–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016811428779.
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This study examines the influence of crime-related media consumption on individuals’ perceptions of the most important purpose of criminal sentencing, using a statewide survey of 4,245 California residents. Consumption of various forms of crime-related media was regressed on four goals of criminal sentencing (punishment, incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation) using multinomial logistic regression. The results suggest that consumption of television news and crime-based reality programs increased the odds of selecting punishment as the most important goal of criminal sentencing as opposed to rehabilitation. The more hours of television watched, irrespective of genre, the more likely respondents were to support punishment, deterrence, or incapacitation rather than rehabilitation. These results hold even after controlling for various sociodemographic characteristics and experiences with crime such as fear, past victimization, and prior arrests.
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Grabe, Maria Elizabeth. "Tabloid and Traditional Television News Magazine Crime Stories: Crime Lessons and Reaffirmation of Social Class Distinctions." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 73, no. 4 (December 1996): 926–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909607300412.
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In recent times, critics have charged that tabloid news emphasizes and sensationalizes criminal behavior - thereby violating the journalistic ideal of providing objective information to the citizens of a democratic society. Yet, these claims have not been subjected to systematic investigation. This study compares tabloid and traditional broadcast news magazine programs in terms of their emphasis on crime and the content of their crime narratives. Results indicate that tabloid shows are more likely than traditional shows to feature crime stories. Both types of programs give crime stories similar prominence, and the content is relatively similar. However, tabloid shows are more likely than traditional shows to present the criminal as belonging to the middle or upper class. By contrast, traditional shows are more likely to present the criminal as belonging to the working class.
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Wielgus, Alison. "“The Harder I Swim, the Faster I Sink”." Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies 34, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-7584916.
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This essay considers the role that Jane Campion’s Top of the Lake (BBC/SundanceTV, 2013) and Top of the Lake: China Girl (BBC/SundanceTV, 2017) play in the post-network television landscape. Situating the series among the globalized genre of serialized post-network crime shows that feature female detectives, this essay argues that Campion reworks the genre’s fascination with victimized women from her auteurist and Antipodean perspective. While the characterization and actions of the female detective resonate with other programs’ protagonists, Campion challenges dominant discourses of victimized women by intervening in the global circulation of women’s bodies on television. By drawing on Zoë Sofia’s work on female bodies and container technologies, this essay argues that Campion’s use of pregnant victims and her exploration of a female detective’s history as a survivor of sexual assault allow her to interrogate the typical treatment of female corpses within crime television. Through circuitous investigations that leave enough narrative space for detours like the settling of Paradise, where women transform shipping containers into domestic spaces for struggling women, Campion provides a countermodel to crime television focused on forensic progress through a case. Campion similarly takes the container of serialized crime drama that circulates the globe in a post-network television landscape and creates space for women’s stories from the Antipodes. Pausing the narrative to indict the treatment of female victims, Campion also unearths the melodramatic underpinnings of serialized crime dramas that resonate with her own filmography.
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Brookes, Daniel. "‘Tension and release and tension and…’: The Ethics of Narrative and Aesthetic Construction in Contemporary Streaming True Crime Docuseries." Crime Fiction Studies 3, no. 1 (March 2022): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cfs.2022.0059.
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The critical and commercial success of the contemporary American long-form true crime docuseries has rapidly codified a series of narrative practices, particularly in works developed by streaming channels (Netflix, Amazon Prime) and premium cable networks (HBO) promoting quality television as part of their featured output. This article considers ethical concerns arising from the intersection of true crime documentary, narrative prorogation, and audio/visual rhetoric. Focusing primarily on Laura Ricciardi and Moira Demos’ Making A Murderer (2015–2018), I argue that documentaries in this field develop – whilst also depoliticising and depersonalising – the narrative, aesthetic, and intellectual concepts introduced to the field by the so-called ‘New Documentary’. I outline what is at stake in docuseries works intersecting the true crime genre which utilise aesthetic strategies of New Documentary that lack foundation in either the socially-minded counter-narrative or self-critique that has historically underscored their power: namely a narrative capability enriched by a medium demanding content in terms of the durational, but thwarted by the episodic ‘bingeworthy’ form that withholds information, the unyielding commercial demands of the platform, and the clashing of earnest fact-finding with a critical artifice shorn of its reason for deployment.
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Maguire, Brendan. "Image Vs. Reality: An Analysis of Prime-Time Television Crime and Police Programs." Journal of Crime and Justice 11, no. 1 (January 1988): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.1988.9721362.
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Oliver, Mary Beth, and G. Blake Armstrong. "Predictors of Viewing and Enjoyment of Reality-Based and Fictional Crime Shows." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 72, no. 3 (September 1995): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909507200307.
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Telephone surveys were conducted in Virginia and Wisconsin to explore attitudinal predictors of exposure to and enjoyment of reality-based and fictional crime programs. Punitive attitudes about crime, higher levels of racial prejudice, and higher levels of authoritarianism were associated with more frequent viewing and greater enjoyment of reality-based programming, but were unrelated to enjoyment of fictional programming. Reality-based viewing and enjoyment were also more common among younger respondents, respondents with lower levels of education, and respondents who were heavier television viewers.
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Frermann, Lea, Shay B. Cohen, and Mirella Lapata. "Whodunnit? Crime Drama as a Case for Natural Language Understanding." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 6 (December 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00001.
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In this paper we argue that crime drama exemplified in television programs such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation is an ideal testbed for approximating real-world natural language understanding and the complex inferences associated with it. We propose to treat crime drama as a new inference task, capitalizing on the fact that each episode poses the same basic question (i.e., who committed the crime) and naturally provides the answer when the perpetrator is revealed. We develop a new dataset based on CSI episodes, formalize perpetrator identification as a sequence labeling problem, and develop an LSTM-based model which learns from multi-modal data. Experimental results show that an incremental inference strategy is key to making accurate guesses as well as learning from representations fusing textual, visual, and acoustic input.
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Manià, Kirby. "“Translated from the dead”: The legibility of violence in Ivan Vladislavić’s101 Detectives." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 55, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989418787334.
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In light of the contemporary popularity of crime fiction, true crime, and crime television, avid consumers of these kinds of narratives like to think of themselves as amateur detectives — schooled in the discourse of observation and deduction. Readers of crime fiction become accustomed to a kind of formula, comforted in the knowledge that the mystery will be resolved and the perpetrator apprehended. However, this article investigates how a number of stories in Ivan Vladislavić’s 101 Detectives challenge the conventions of legibility in representing crime in post-apartheid South Africa. The mediations of language, reading, and writing as modes of detection are shown in these short stories to come up short. Instead, and through the stylistic and formalistic frame provided by the anti-detective genre, acts of detection are defeated, closure is deferred, and order is not restored. Writing crime and violence reveals a matrix of structural violences in the postcolony, experiences that cannot be “translated from the dead”. The article argues that while violence and crime are not unrepresentable per se, the degree to which they can be “managed” or “contained” by language or fiction is limited.
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Malerba, João Paulo, and Rosângela Fernandes. "“Tem uma hora que você tem que puxar o gatilho!”: discurso de ódio, apologia e incitação ao crime na TV no pós-eleições 2022." Revista Mídia e Cotidiano 18, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 118–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/rmc.v18i1.59929.
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This article analyzes evidence of hate speech, incitement and apology for crime in television news programs in three critical moments of Brazilian democracy. The objective is to investigate the role played by Brazilian TV in the propagation and normalization of hate speech and incitement to criminal practices against the democratic rule of law. To investigate its roots, we examine media-driven penal populism and the conceptual contours of hate speech. Six episodes of the programs "Os Pingo nos Is" and "Alerta Nacional" were analyzed in conjunction with Critical Discourse Studies.
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McIver, Damian. "Representing Australianness: Our National Identity Brought to You by Today Tonight." Media International Australia 131, no. 1 (May 2009): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913100106.
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Since first being broadcast in 1995, Today Tonight has become one of Australia's most watched current affairs programs. It has also arguably become one of the most talked about and controversial programs on Australian television. This article explores the links between Today Tonight and discourses of Australian identity. By placing this program within a theoretical tradition that views television as a cultural storyteller, this article explores the complex and somewhat contradictory representations of the Australian identity made by the Today Tonight text. It will argue that, throughout a range of representations — from the discourse of the ‘Aussie battler’ to contrasting depictions of Australian society under threat and in decay, or as a place of opportunity — Today Tonight maintains a steady focus on ‘ordinary Australians’ as its main target audience and the bearers of our true national identity.
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Muhammad Abdul Qadir Al-Balula, Dr Khaled, and Dr Alargam Mohamad Algailani. "Sudanese Viewer Exposure to National Television and achieved gratifications." علوم الاتصال 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 81–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/cs.v7i1.2114.
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Sudanese Viewer Exposure to National Television and achieved gratifications is a study conducted to determine the follow-up level achieved by the channel’s viewers during the period from March 2020 to March 2021. The study dealt with the extent of the audience's interest for Sudanese Television channels, the types of programs that are most followed, the media services provided by the Sudanese National Television channel, and the satisfaction it may achieve in the field of news, discussions, and entertainment among the channel's audience.
The study followed the analytical and descriptive statistical approach where several results concluded, the most important of which are: Sudanese National Televisions on the top of the viewers list favorites followed by Blue Nile channel and Sudanese 24 Channel. It also found that 53.2% of the study viewers’ samples prefers to follow News and political content programs.
The study recommended the Sudanese National TV’s management providing an atmosphere to exercise true freedom, having more discussions through TV interviews while paying attention to content and presentation. It is also necessary to provide opportunities for the various political and cultural groups to present and discuss issues and allow them to contribute in finding solutions. A proposal is underway to establish specialized channels in the various programs and with an independent administration away from the government's dominance, budget, and direct executive authority.
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Sienaert, Pascal. "Based on a True Story? The Portrayal of ECT in International Movies and Television Programs." Brain Stimulation 9, no. 6 (November 2016): 882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2016.07.005.
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Barata, Hugo, and Júlio Alves. "Re[PLAY] As imagens televisionadas do futebol como material videográfico." International Journal of Film and Media Arts 7, no. 2 (December 13, 2022): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24140/ijfma.v7.n2.08.
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The space dedicated to football in several and different television programs in which this industry is debated is often taken by the search for the “true image”, the image that proves the origin of the penalty, the image that supports the warning of the red card, or the image that betrays the irregularity of the goal. All these moments are, today, the target of thousands of hours of commentary in the television space, demonstrating a huge bias on the power of images repeated ad nauseum, there even being a moment where some formats of this type of program were questioned due to the « noise” and the “toxicity” that arose in such confrontations of ideas. This investigation aims to create an artistic object (filmic/video/installation) that explores the condition of the manipulable image-file that arises in this type of programs, and where it is often scrutinized, edited, altered, decontextualized, etc., in an incessant search for determination of a truth-moment.
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Sulistyati, Mardian. "Mitos Kecantikan (Ketegangan Citra Perempuan di Bawah Budaya Televisi)." FUADUNA : Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/fuaduna.v3i1.2365.
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<p><em>The competition of the television industry in Indonesia creates open spaces for the image of women with the aesthetic standards they create. Television now is no longer just a medium of entertainment but as an ideal female image construction. Beautiful rules are no longer focused on women-only programs but have penetrated the entertainment, religious, reportage, politics, sports, economy, and crime segments. This research is to answer the problem of women's image presented on television, the influence and response are generated; also, the strategies in managing their identity. Applicatively, this research applies the Identity Management Theory pioneered by William R. Cupach and Tadasu Todd Imahori. This theory is used to dismantle the process of identity formed, maintained, and changed in a relationship. This study found several keywords that formulated the concept of managing women's self-identity. These keywords are: force dead/stiff, cornered/alienated; dilemma; and unstable for the context of cultural conflict, and approach; adjustments; and rejuvenation for the completion phase.</em></p>
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Robinson, Paul H., and Muhammad Sarahne. "After the Crime." New Criminal Law Review 24, no. 3 (2021): 367–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2021.24.3.367.
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Although an offender’s conduct before and during the crime is the traditional focus of criminal law and sentencing rules, an examination of post-offense conduct can also be important in promoting criminal justice goals. After the crime, different offenders make different choices and have different experiences, and those differences can suggest appropriately different treatment by judges, correctional officials, probation and parole supervisors, and other decision makers in the criminal justice system. Positive post-offense conduct ought to be acknowledged and rewarded, not only to encourage it but also as a matter of fair and just treatment. This essay describes four kinds of positive post-offense conduct that merit special recognition and preferential treatment: the responsible offender, who avoids further deceit and damage to others during the process leading to conviction; the debt-paid offender, who suffers the full punishment deserved (according to true principles of justice rather than the sentence actually imposed); the reformed offender, who takes affirmative steps to leave criminality behind; and the redeemed offender, who out of genuine remorse tries to atone for the offense. The essay considers how one might operationalize a system for giving special accommodation to such offenders. Positive post-offense conduct might be rewarded, for example, through the selection and shaping of sanctioning methods, through giving preference in access to education, training, treatment, and other programs, and through elimination or restriction of collateral consequences of conviction that continue after the sentence is completed.
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Kneebone, Ronald, Daniel J. Dutton, and Ali Jadidzadeh. "Youth, Crime, and the Potential Cost Offset to Housing First Programs." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 65, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): 82–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj-2023-0051.
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Housing First (HF) is an approach that emphasizes providing housing as a precondition for assisting people experiencing homelessness. To the extent that housing reduces contacts with police, HF may reduce criminal behaviour and so reduce costs borne by the justice system. This may be particularly true for youth whose homelessness often forces them to adopt survival behaviour that exposes them to police and bylaw enforcement officers. Using regression analysis, we employ linked administrative data sets from police and from HF programs to examine how interactions of youth with police change following admission to a HF program. An important contribution of our study is the use of administrative police records rather than self-reported data on the number of criminal incidents and their severity. Unconditional quantile regression is used to observe HF’s effect on changes in both the number and severity of criminal incidents. Controlling for demographic characteristics of youth and for type of housing program and using administrative police records as opposed to self-reported police interactions, we find only weak evidence to suggest that the number of criminal incidents falls following admission to a HF program and only weak evidence of a fall in the seriousness of crimes.
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Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din, Sadaf Zahra, and Khayam Hassan. "Exploration of Public Perception regarding Crime Raid Shows of Pakistani TV News Channels: An Ethical Perspective." Global Mass Communication Review II, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2017(ii-i).04.
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Effects of television are very gigantic and enormous in terms of influencing the mind-set of audience through multiple tactics i.e., presentation styles, formats, language or even contents itself. However, crime and violence constitute major portion of media content and on the other hand, have significant impacts while producing changes in the behaviours of the audience as a result of constant exposure. Key objective of this study was to inquire that what audience actually thinks about crime raid shows broadcasted on Pakistani TV channels and the content presented in these programs by relating it with ethical standards. Residents of Multan city were taken as population of the study on which results had been generalized; moreover, sample of 480 was drawn from the population to collect data. Findings however happened to explain that media surely exaggerated the ratio of crime events occurred in reality which afterwards caused of fear, aggression and violent behaviors among the audience as a consequence. Moreover, viewers were also of the view that there must be substantial restrictions for media practitioners at times of presenting crime or violence as media should recognize its responsibility towards citizens and society.
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Fountaine, Susan, Margie Comrie, and Christine Cheyne. "Empty Heartland: The Absent Regions on New Zealand Television." Media International Australia 117, no. 1 (November 2005): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0511700111.
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Each night, two-thirds of New Zealanders tune into prime-time national news on free-to-air channels TV One and TV3. This paper argues, however, that viewers get a very limited view of their nation on the box. While the archetypal Kiwi identity reflects ties to ‘the land’ and accompanying values of self-sufficiency and resourcefulness, television news is preoccupied with urban happenings, and tells heartland stories from a city perspective. Content analysis shows overseas stories are a third of network news, and well over half of the rest comes from Auckland and Wellington. Regional coverage is largely restricted to crime or human interest, and there is an absence of rural news. Since 1990, New Zealanders have had no regional news programs to fill these gaps. The government has, until recently, reneged on funding promises for local television, relying instead on TVNZ's charter objective to ‘reflect the regions to the nation’. The paper considers the success of this policy, and its implications for the heartland and national identity.
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Ahmad, Waqar, Javed Iqbal, and Zafar Habib. "THE HETEROGENEOUS EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ON THE CRIME RATE: MICRO EVIDENCE FROM UNION COUNCIL LEVEL DATA." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i4.284.
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Crime seems to be firmly related to the level of education. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of educational attainment (independent variable) on crime rate (dependent variable) at a local level of union council. Data on 376 individuals have been worked through uni-variate and bi-variate analysis. The sample has been drawn through stratified random sampling to make sure valid illustration representing all strata at the union council. At a uni-variate level, it has alluded that lack of religious knowledge amplifies the crime rate, however youth gangs, an open business of drugs, weapons display, and physical fights are significant manifestations of illiteracy. Lack of awareness regarding crime, lack of formal and informal education, absence of implementation of true law and order are considered to be additional factors in the intensification of the crime rate. At bi-variate level, the study further assesses that youth gangsters, lack of awareness regarding crime, and lack of formal and informal education have been found highly significant associated ( 0.000), while lack of religious knowledge was found significant ( 0.006) with crime in society. The notable conclusion of the study is that youth gangsters, lack of awareness, lack of formal and informal education, poor socialization of children, and absence of law and order situation are contributing factors towards amplification of crime at societal levels. In the light of the conclusion, the study recommends that a uniform system of education should be introduced to create avenues for a tolerant and peace-abiding society. Furthermore, government and non-governmental organizations should introduce various economic (microfinance schemes), social (behavior change programs), and political programs (right to assembly, rule of law, right to demand services) particularly aimed at youth and poor segments of the society. Keyword: Heterogeneous effect, educational attainment, crime in Society, crime rate.
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Coulthard, Lisa, Tanya Horeck, Barbara Klinger, and Kathleen McHugh. "Broken Bodies/Inquiring Minds: Women in Contemporary Transnational TV Crime Drama." Television & New Media 19, no. 6 (April 27, 2018): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476418768001.
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This special issue concentrates on a dominant trend in contemporary transnational crime television: quality dramas featuring serial criminals who break the bodies/psyches of young women or children, thereby attracting the inquiries of female detectives who have suffered trauma themselves. This trend has generated resources, industrial partnerships, avid viewers, and, importantly for the authors here, feminist commentary across continents. We reframe the debate over whether these shows are feminist or misogynist by exploring staples of transnational language that underwrite their popularity in disparate national markets. In fact, we address the paradoxical gender-based violence and female empowerment at their core as crucial to their transnational legibility by tracking recurring elements that circulate a gendered and raced lingua franca rooted in fundamentals of media aesthetics: strategies of storytelling and genre, modes of perception, and the production of affect. Ultimately, these programs raise questions about cultural currencies of televised feminism in the digital era.
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SZALAY, MICHAEL. "Pimps and Pied Pipers: Quality Television in the Age of Its Direct Delivery." Journal of American Studies 49, no. 4 (October 7, 2015): 813–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875815001759.
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This essay examines the fascination with bodily conversion that characterizes recent HBO programming. Dramas and comedies like True Blood, Veep, Silicon Valley, and True Detective describe human forms in various states of transformation: into a menagerie of supernatural creatures, polling data, digital information and, even, the landscape of the American South. These transformations anticipate and seek to rationalize the exchange of the programs in which they appear into and out of diverse forms of Time Warner brand equity – even as they rehearse anxieties that the network's famed “quality” diminishes in the face of such exchanges. Female characters bear the brunt of this reflexivity; their forcibly contorted and monetized bodies figure the temporary material form assumed by otherwise liquid equity as it moves within Time Warner and, ultimately, over Internet lines and into the viewer's home. The network's famed misogyny is, in this respect, self-conscious and idiosyncratic, and reveals something essential about the incoherence of HBO's parent company at the moment that the network discovers new pathways for the direct distribution of its product.
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Widiastuti, Ni Made Ayu, Anak Agung Sagung Shanti Sari Dewi, and Sang Ayu Isnu Maharani. "English Development as a Second Language in Relation with TV Exposure." Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture 5, no. 1 (June 6, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ljlc.2018.v05.i01.p03.
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The aims of this study are to know the role of young learner’s parents in choosing good and educating television program for their child, and to describe the effects of TV exposure in their child’s English language development. A five-year-old young learner who lives in Denpasar was observed in 2017. The data were collected by giving a questionnaire to the young learner’s parents in order to get the description of the effects of the television programs to her language development. As it is a following research of the previous research on English vocabulary acquisition, the results of the observation of the young learner and the interview with her parents that have already been done are used to support the analysis of this small research. The collected data were analysed descriptively based on approaches from Barr, et.al. (2010), Christakis (2009), and March (2004) about English language acquisition and language development of young children. The results show that the young learner’s parents have the important role in choosing good and educating television program for her. It can be seen from the choices of cartoon movies as one of the television programs that is educating as well as entertaining for a child in her age, the intensive accompaniment when she was watching the movies, the limitation of television watching time, and also the parents’ assistance in order to help her understand the stories and vocabulary meanings. It is true that good content, context, and the amount of daily TV viewing time as well as parental assistance will be beneficial for the young learner’s second language development in informal learning situation. The effectiveness of watching cartoon movies has led her to gain the positive second language development in her bilingual condition, although English code-switching in Indonesian sentences sometimes occur.
Keywords: SLA, English, language development, TV exposure, cartoon movies
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Powell, Julie M. "Dead but Not Buried." French Historical Studies 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2024): 319–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-11025087.
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Abstract On April 12, 1919, Paris police arrested Henri Désiré Landru, a man who had spent the last four years of war luring women into engagements and confiscating their assets. Many of them were never seen again. Landru, charged with their murders, became an international media sensation—the inspiration for popular crime stories, including books, articles, films, television and radio programs, and theatrical performances, from his execution in 1922 to 2020. This article examines these stories for the revealing ways they bring together conceptions of war and violent crime. It considers a 1926 nonfiction account of Landru by the South African journalist and military veteran William Bolitho, the film Monsieur Verdoux (1947) written by Charlie Chaplin, Claude Chabrol's film Landru (1963), and a 2006 graphic novel by Christophe Chabouté. These narratives suggest, and this article argues, that stories about Landru—and the multiple murders he committed for profit—have served, at various times and in various places, as vehicles for critiquing warfare and the societies that embrace it.
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Carroll, Raymond L., and C. A. Tuggle. "The World Outside: Local TV News Treatment of Imported News." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400110.
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This study sought to determine whether stations located in larger or smaller markets gave different treatment to news and to resolve whether disparities noted among small and large television market news programs extended to their treatment of news imported from outside the market. McManus's economic model of inexpensive, passive discovery held true over the journalistic model of active surveillance in smaller markets, where stations not only devoted less time to news than those in larger markets, but a greater proportion of their news content was imported, thus passively discovered. The larger the market size, the more active the discovery. Some evidence that imported news supplants strictly local news in smaller television markets was found. Furthermore, although major-, large-, and medium-market stations devoted higher proportions of their news hole to sensational and human interest news, stations in the smallest markets imported a greater proportion of sensational/human interest news than they originated locally.
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Dixon, Travis L. "Good Guys Are Still Always in White? Positive Change and Continued Misrepresentation of Race and Crime on Local Television News." Communication Research 44, no. 6 (April 2, 2015): 775–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650215579223.
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A content analysis of a random sample of Los Angeles television news programs was used to assess racial representations of perpetrators, victims, and officers. A series of comparisons were used to assess whether local news depictions differed from outside indicators of social reality. In a significant departure from prior research, they revealed that perpetration was accurately depicted on local TV news. Blacks, in particular, were accurately depicted as perpetrators, victims, and officers. However, although Latinos were accurately depicted as perpetrators, they continued to be underrepresented as victims and officers. Conversely, Whites remained significantly overrepresented as victims and officers. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of incognizant racism, ethnic blame discourse, structural limitations, and the guard dog perspective of news media.
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Skakavac, Tatjana. "Social networks and juvenile delinquency." Civitas 10, no. 1 (2020): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/civitas2001072s.
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Ever since the beginnings of history, it was impossible to imagine a society free of the widespread influence of various means of human communication. This is especially true of modern society. Different types of media shape individual development, their thinking, attitudes and behaviours, in a good as well as in bad way. For this reason, countless criminological and psychological studies have been done to comprehend and explain the influence of mass media on crime incidence rate. This topic has increasingly occupied scholars and has been the subject of conferences and panel discussions worldwide. Until recently, television was the most influential medium, exerting enormous influence on the younger generations. However, with the emergence of the Internet and social media, the audience's attention has been hijacked by social networks content, primarily targeting young people - and not just at scheduled times, but throughout the day. This paper will discuss the etiological influence of social media on juvenile delinquency phenomenon.
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Bjelajac, Željko, and Aleksandar Filipović. "Profile of Contemporary Criminal Investigator in Film and Television Content." Kultura polisa 19, no. 1 (April 14, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2022.19.1r.1bf.
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People have been fascinated by detective novels and complicated investigations since the advent of the detective novel as a literary form in the mid-19th century. The progenitors and early popularizers of this genre, such as Edgar Allan Poe and Arthur Conan Doyle, prepared the ground for later authors of this popular genre. In the meantime, from the beginning to the present day, the techniques and methods of criminal investigations have been immeasurably improved. Criminal and detective fiction has followed innovations, so it has always remained relevant and representative in relation to real-life investigative techniques and methods. Significant development of the TV series as a medium and a massive increase in the quality of the recorded program through a significantly more serious approach and involvement of professionals from the film industry, somewhere since the beginning of the XXI century, has led to a change in approach to procedural and criminal TV series. Instead of the previously trendy but unrealistic and pseudo-scientific procedural programs and detectives whose characterization did not correspond to reality, a new wave of crime series has emerged that is significantly more grounded in reality and faithfully shows the methods and modalities of investigative actions and personalities of criminal investigators. We aim to identify common professional and psychological characteristics of subject investigators using media content analysis, narrative analysis, characterization analysis, and other appropriate analytical methods, and to propose a profile of a modern criminal investigator who, very importantly, corresponds with investigators in real life.
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Maulana, Katon Fajar, and Ami Setyaningrum. "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA MEDIA OT ATAS PEMBERITAAN TIDAK BENAR BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 40 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERS." Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 26, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v26i2.7802.
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The purpose of this paper is to deeply understand criminal offense committed by the press for having announces that chief editor of the private television has caught by KPK hand fishing operation with the aim of making bombastic news, of course, the mass media in this case OT media will have a huge advantage over the news. The results showed that OT media in informing the US was caught in the KPK hand fishing Operation (KPK HFO) be accountable for their crime by the Press Law because; Based on the news that is not true, which stating that the US was caught KPK, the online media has violated Article 5 (1) of the Press Law, which determines that the national press is obliged to proclaim the events and opinions with respect religious norms and a sense of decency community as well as the presumption of innocence. In this case the media OT violates the presumption of innocence; Media OT does not carry out the role of the press as set forth in the provisions of Press law Article 6 letter C, which develop public opinion based on information that is precise, accurate, and true. Coverage improper done by media OT impressed incite people to cause controversy among the public; to determine Corporate criminal liability of the OT media is by using the theory of criminal liability Vicarious Liability, because the subject is corporate crime after the devolution of criminal liability of its officers, in this case the editor in chief in accordance with the explanation of Article 12 in conjunction with Article 18 of the Press Law. Based on the Fault made by the OT media, the online media can be penalized as provided for in Article 18 of the Press Law, which is subject to a maximum fine of Rp. 500,000,000.00.
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Pivnitskaya, Olga V. "A True Teacher Is the One from Whom You Want to Learn All Your Life." Musical Art and Education 8, no. 3 (2020): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862//2309-1428-2020-8-3-149-158.
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This article is an attempt to show the beginning of Eduard Borisovich Abdullin’s creative path in the pedagogy of music education, in particular, his experience in teaching as an artistic director and conductor of the choir studio “Melodia” of the Palace of Pioneers in the city of Podolsk, Moscow Region. As a graduate student of the Lenin Moscow State Pedagogical Institute, the young teacher achieved tremendous creative success: the choir studio under his direction performed in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory, the Column Hall of the House of Unions, the P. I. Tchaikovsky Concert Hall, in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses; toured in the cities of the USSR and European countries. On the first television channel, two hour-long television programs were shown. The studio of the State House of Radio Broadcasting and Sound Recording has released educational records. For almost half a century, the “Melodiya” studio continued to meet with its leader, and all members of the choir strove to attend them in order to meet their Teacher again. Special attention is paid to the significance of the fundamental works by Eduard Borisovich Abdullin, which became the basis for the pedagogical interpretation by the author in his research activities of the conceptual provisions of the methodology of pedagogy of music education. The sequential expansion of the problem field of the conducted musical pedagogical research is described: from the theoretical substantiation of the model for the development of the Central Russian folk song tradition by children to the formation of a new direction of research searches associated with the use of various vocal techniques at the junction of different genres.
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Xiong, Lin, Christopher Nyland, and Kosmas X. Smyrnios. "Testing for cultural measurement equivalence in research on domestic and international tertiary students' fear of crime." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 50, no. 3 (September 24, 2015): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865815604197.
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Objectives Education institutions routinely instruct students on how to remain safe from crime. We hold that this instruction and much of the associated practice might be problematic, because none of the researchers who have contrasted the fears and the victimization avoidance strategies of domestic and international students have tested for cultural measurement equivalence. This study aims to examine, whether cultural measurement equivalence exists when domestic and international tertiary students respond to fear of crime-related measures. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 1170 tertiary students across four Melbourne-based universities, Australia. Multiple group confirmatory factor analyses with covariance and mean structures, using structural equation modeling, were used to test whether the same constructs were measured across international and local tertiary students. Results The two cohorts hold the same conceptual frame of reference when responding to the measurement items. However, the cohorts display different true score values in relation to a number of questionnaire items associated with fear of crime, perceptions of safety, and avoidance behavior. Conclusions This study suggests that researchers need to render testing for cultural measurement equivalence standard practice, when undertaking cross-cultural studies of student safety and that such practice should also be incorporated into student safety programs.
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Schumacher, Heidemarie, Karin Schoen, and Michelle Mattson. "From the True, the Good, the Beautiful to the Truly Beautiful Goods. Audience Identification Strategies on German "B-Television" Programs." New German Critique, no. 78 (1999): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/488457.
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Lapuk, Ekaterina V. "Czech Republic television: genre and thematic features of TV news in 1989-2021." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 28, no. 2 (December 15, 2023): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2023-28-2-306-317.
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The author applies the content analysis to study 1608 video news of the Czech TV in 1989, 2005 and 2021. The studies of two categories “Genre” and “Thematic” were conducted. The hypotheses about the increase of negative information in TV news and the rise of entertainment content is tested. Much attention is given to seeking changes in the genres of TV news, which occur as a result of media convergence and the expansion of user-generated content. The greatest genre diversity was found in the modern period (2021), the lowest genre diversity was noted in 1989, when seven out of ten media texts were prepared in the “short note” genre. User-generated content brought only minor changes to the TV news genres. Over time, the role of PR-texts in TV news increases: the number of announcements increases more than tenfold between 1989 and 2021. Previous research indicate that mass media have a tendency to focus on violent and negative content. In the context of the TV news topics, it is demonstrated that nowadays there is an increase to some extent in news on crime and incidents and a slight decrease of the political agenda compared to 1989. Besides, it is reported that the number of sports TV news has significantly decreased, that confirms the trend of differentiation of the audience by TV programs focused on a single subject and specialty (or cable) channels.
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Kuzmin, Stanislav I., and Evgeniya S. Chukanova. "Organized Crime in the Soviet and Russian State, and the Need for Its Neutralization." Ugolovnaya yustitsiya, no. 18 (2022): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23088451/18/22.
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The article discusses issues related to the functioning of an organized criminal community in the Soviet and modern Russian state. The process of criminalization of Russian society after the collapse of the USSR is traced. In order to weaken the criminal influence on law-abiding citizens, especially young people, it is very important to suppress the propaganda of the “romance” of a criminal lifestyle in the media. Modern Russian society needs works, television programs, and films that would show what colossal harm the criminal bosses and leaders of criminal groups and their followers inflict on the people; how, drawing into the orbit of their influence, they morally cripple adolescents and youth; the tragedy of a person who has bought on the “romance” of the underworld. Without significant support from the media, the efforts of law enforcement agencies in confronting the underworld will be useless. The initiative put forward by the president of the country will undoubtedly entail an intensification of the struggle against the leaders in the criminal hierarchy. However, it will hardly be possible to suppress organized crime with the help of criminal law measures alone. For these purposes, it is also necessary to widely use the experience of applying organizational and preventive measures used in different years in the fight against the criminal community.
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Groombridge, Nic. "Entertaining Crime: Television Reality Programs. Edited by Mark Fishman and Gray Cavender (New York: Alldine De Gruyter, 1998. 218 pp. £43.95 hb)." British Journal of Criminology 40, no. 4 (September 2000): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.4.766.
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Slater, Michael D., and Parul Jain. "Teens' Attention to Crime and Emergency Programs on Television as a Predictor and Mediator of Increased Risk Perceptions Regarding Alcohol-Related Injuries." Health Communication 26, no. 1 (January 31, 2011): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2011.527625.
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Klochkov, Volodymyr. "Forms of interaction of the general prosecutor’s office with the mass media." Legal Ukraine, no. 8 (October 2, 2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2020-8(212)-7.
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The article investigates that the prosecutor’s office should carry out information activities in order to implement the principle of publicity, protection and protection of human rights and freedoms, and the interests of the state. It is substantiated that the forms of interaction of the prosecutor’s office with the media (hereinafter – the media) are: a press conference, placement of materials in the media; briefing; distribution of press releases; interview; Round Table; press tour; placing information materials on the website; performances by employees on television broadcasts and radio programs; placement of information materials in new media; inviting media representatives to a meeting. It was determined that the prosecutor’s office should have a high level of professionalism, which in turn would facilitate the correct and justified formulation of the answers to the questions posed by journalists and other media representatives. In particular, the article emphasizes the relevance of the investigation of criminal offenses involving the media. Has actuality of placement of materials in mass media. Important information allows to increase the level of legal culture of the population, to establish partnerships with the institutions of civil society. It is established that the basis of criminal responsibility is the commission of a person with a dangerous act that contains a crime. It includes: object, objective side, subject, subjective side. The absence of one of these elements does not constitute a criminal offense. Key words: forms of interaction, Prosecutor General’s Office, mass media, journalists, publicity, human rights, crime.
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Filonenko, Anastasia. "Reality Show in Modern System of Mass Communication (Based on Ukrainian Reality Shows)." Current Issues of Mass Communication, no. 22 (2017): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2312-5160.2017.22.08-18.
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The purpose of our study was to understand the nature of the reality show phenomenon in the system of mass communication through analysis of Ukrainian media market of reality shows. For this purpose we have used a broad methodological base: a descriptive method for identifying the features of reality show and journalism, a bibliographic method for processing scientific sources, an inductive method to determine the functioning of reality show, the method of comparative analysis to understand relationship between journalism and reality show, historic-typological method to classify reality shows, methods of generalization and structuring to develop a modern structure of mass communication. The main results of the research are the following: we found that reality show is a product of journalistic activity; the concept of “reality show” and “reality television” is clearly determined. Reality show is a format of a television product in which the actions and emotions of true people in real-life or in specially modelled situations are observed, characterized by accomplishment of unusual actions and constant commentary on everything that happens to them. This category includes competitions, dating, makeover, etc. Reality TV is a type of television program that demonstrates non-played situations in which real people, whether ordinary citizens or politicians and stars of show business, find themselves. The value of our research is that the correlation between reality show, its types and reality TV is clearly established. Reality TV consists of: 1) reality shows; 2) studio/gaming shows (talk show, late night show, game show), 3) broadcasting events (sports, music events, awards ceremony, etc.). Reality TV belongs to the category of entertainment television. In this study the classification of reality shows has been improved, a whole series of functions of the reality show programs has been identified (entertainment, information, recreation, education, social integration and public control), it is proved that reality show has a great potential in the context of mass communication.
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Alcívar Molina, Silvio Alejandro, Manuel Martínez Casanova, María Alejandra Alcívar Guillen, and Luis Ernesto Paz Enrique. "LA CULTURA POPULAR TRADICIONAL EN ECUADOR Y LA COMUNICACIÓN EDUCATIVA DESDE LAS TELEVISIONES COMUNITARIAS." Revista Cognosis. ISSN 2588-0578 2, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/cognosis.v2i1.280.
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Los procesos de construcción colectiva deben abordarse desde actividades educativas, tanto para aprender las rutinas de la televisión como para comprender la naturaleza de la participación en los medios de comunicación. El reflejo de la cultura popular y tradicional es vital para nutrir los mensajes de las programaciones que se diseñen. Se plantea como objetivos del estudio: identificar las expresiones de la cultura popular y tradicional en los medios de televisión locales del Ecuador y examinar la influencia de la cultura popular y tradicional en el medio televisivo local para el logro de una práctica de comunicación educativa. El estudio que se presenta y clasifica como investigación aplicada. Tiene un aporte teórico al identificar el sustento para lograr una verdadera televisión local educativa a partir del reflejo de la cultura popular y tradicional. Se combinan metodologías con enfoque cualitativo. Se emplean métodos en los niveles teórico y empíricos. Como técnica para la recogida de información se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica. Se concluye que el reflejo de la cultura popular y tradicional en los medios televisivos locales a través de la comunicación educativa favorecería las tradiciones nacionales y familiares del Ecuador.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Cultura popular; Cultura tradicional; Educación sobre medios de comunicación; Ecuador; Televisión educativa
TRADITIONAL POPULAR CULTURE IN ECUADOR AND EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION FROM COMMUNITY TELEVISION
ABSTRACT
Collective construction processes must be approached from educational activities, both to learn the routines of television and to understand the nature of participation in the media. The reflection of popular and traditional culture is vital to nurture the messages of the programs that are designed. The objectives of the study are: to identify the expressions of popular and traditional culture in the local television media in Ecuador and to examine the influence of popular and traditional culture in the local television medium for the achievement of an educational communication practice. The study is presented and classified as applied research. It has a theoretical contribution in identifying the support to achieve a true local educational television from the reflection of popular and traditional culture. Methodologies are combined with a qualitative approach. Methods are employed in the theoretical and empirical levels. As a technique for the collection of information was used the bibliographic review. It is concluded that the reflection of popular and traditional culture in the local television media through educational communication would favor the national and family traditions of Ecuador.
KEYWORDS: Popular culture; Traditional cultures; Education for communication; Ecuador; Educational television.
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Hafifah, Siti. "Penerapan Prinsip Kerja sama Di Dalam Percakapan Antara Iqbaal D Ramadhan Dan Najwa Shihab: Kajian Pragmatik." DIALEKTIKA: JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN BUDAYA 10, no. 1 (July 29, 2023): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/dia.v10i1.4871.
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Currently, there are many discussion broadcast programs discussing exciting and interesting topics both on YouTube and on television. An example of a discussion broadcast program is the Mata Najwa program which is broadcast on television and Youtube. These activities involve participants performing speech acts. Speech acts are individual psychological symptoms in language. A discussion broadcast on YouTube or on television will be watched by the community, and for that participants need to apply the principle of cooperation in communicating. The application of the principle of cooperation in communication will make communication smooth and directed. This study aims to describe the application of the principle of cooperation and its benefits in the discussion between Iqbaal D Ramadhan and Najwa Shihab at the Mata Najwa: One Special Purpose of Independence on August 20, 2020. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with listening technique. The resulting data is in the form of audio which is then transcribed into text. The data analysis stage uses a classification technique into several maxims, after which the data is presented and conclusions are made. The result of this research is to find 9 conversations that apply the cooperative principle and are classified into several maxims, namely the maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, and the maxim of manner. And the benefit of applying these maxims in a broadcast is to shorten the time in carrying out conversations and participants try to only say what is true and relevant. This research also discusses things that violate the principle of cooperation, includina g: the existence of implicatures and humor, as well as the influence of cultural and situational factors that can expand the topic of conversation.
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Vagle, Jeffrey. "Tightening the OODA Loop: Police Militarization, Race, and Algorithmic Surveillance." Michigan Journal of Race & Law, no. 22.1 (2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.22.1.tightening.
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This Article examines how military automated surveillance and intelligence systems and techniques, when used by civilian police departments to enhance predictive policing programs, have reinforced racial bias in policing. I will focus on two facets of this problem. First, I investigate the role played by advanced military technologies and methods within civilian police departments. These approaches have enabled a new focus on deterrence and crime prevention by creating a system of structural surveillance where decision support relies increasingly upon algorithms and automated data analysis tools and automates de facto penalization and containment based on race. Second, I will explore these militarized systems, and their effects, from an outside-in perspective, paying particular attention to the racial, societal, economic, and geographic factors that play into the public perception of these new policing regimes. I will conclude by proposing potential solutions to this problem that incorporate tests for racial bias to create an alternative system that follows a true community policing model.
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Cohen, Mark A. "Willingness to Pay to Reduce White-Collar and Corporate Crime." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 6, no. 2 (2015): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2015.43.
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Consumer protection and financial regulatory agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) regulate various types of consumer, investor and financial frauds. Whether required or not, rulemaking proceedings oftentimes include some form of benefit-cost analysis. Thus, the benefits of proposed regulations – whether fully quantified or not – are an increasingly important component of rulemaking decisions. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the impact on victims in some cases includes significant time and financial hardships and even pain, suffering, and reduced quality of life. Further, the existence of these offenses causes nonvictims to take costly precautionary behavior and might even inhibit legitimate business activities. Yet, little is known about the true costs of consumer and financial crimes other than the out-of-pocket monetary losses incurred by victims. To the extent society wishes to optimally deter such crimes, without better data on nonmonetary costs, any benefit-cost analyses of criminal justice or prevention programs designed to reduce these crimes will inevitably underestimate program benefits. This paper provides an initial framework and empirical estimates of the willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce four types of white-collar and corporate offenses – consumer fraud, financial fraud, corporate crime, and corporate financial crime. Utilizing a contingent valuation survey approach that has been used to estimate the cost of street crimes, the average WTP for a 10% reduction in each of these four offenses is estimated to range between $35 and $85 per household. In the case of consumer fraud and financial fraud, where estimates of prevalence are available, this translates into a WTP of $1200 per consumer fraud and $12,000 for financial fraud. In contrast, the out-of-pocket costs to victims of consumer fraud have been estimated to average about $100, and about $200 to $250 for various types of financial frauds. These figures also compare favorably to the WTP for a reduced household burglary of $19,000.
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Pape, Toni. "Moving in stealth: On the tracking shot as a technique for imperceptibility." Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 14, no. 1 (March 2019): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749602018816876.
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This article explores recent uses of the tracking shot in various media. Examples drawn from television, video games and video art reveal that recent audiovisual media have frequently used a particular kind of tracking shot that follows an individual through a complex environment. This article argues that this tracking shot contributes to an aesthetic of stealth, that is, a perceptual attunement to notions of imperceptibility and secrecy. The stealth tracking shot can thus be seen as one of the aesthetic principles that articulate discourses of securitisation. The argument proceeds in three steps. First, the article shows that this specific use of the tracking shot takes inspiration from third-person video games. An analysis of the stealth game Splinter Cell: Blacklist (2013) shows how the mobile ‘following camera’ allows the viewer to perceive the avatar in his or her environment. Then, in an analysis of the unbroken tracking shot in True Detective (2014), it is demonstrated how this kind of tracking shot contributes to a reformulation of the notions of law enforcement underlying crime fiction. Specifically, the tracking shot is related to the notion of stealth democracy. Finally, the article considers Hito Steyerl’s video ‘Guards’ to show that the aesthetic principles of stealth operate not only in individual media objects but more generally in public spaces and institutions such as museums and art galleries. To conclude, the article situates the stealth tracking shot in a more general consideration of the politicality of media aesthetics.