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1
Toalson, Chris. "True west /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11619.
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Dyne, Sarah A. "A True and Lonesome West: The Spaces of Sam Shepard and Martin McDonagh." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/142.
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In this project, I explore how Sam Shepard and Martin McDonagh treat concepts of space (both on stage and within a larger context that expands beyond the theatre), and I seek to identify how underlying anxieties about a mythologized past become manifest in the relationships between characters and landscapes by examining heterotopic and liminal elements in their scripts.
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Gunadi, Nikardi. "Potatoes grown from true seed under differing environments in West Java." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239168.
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Hisada, Toru. "Indigenous development and self-determination in West Papua : socio-political and economic impacts of mining upon the Amungme and Kamoro communities of West Papua /." Saarbrücken, Germany : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/DCARead?standardNoType=1&standardNo=9783639031560:srcdbname=worldcat:fromExternal=true&sessionid=0.
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Tarhule, Andover, and Malcolm K. Hughes. "Tree-Ring Research in Semi-Arid West Africa: Need and Potential." Tree-Ring Society, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262542.
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High-resolution paleoclimatic data for West Africa are needed to provide context for contemporary climatic and ecological dynamics. Six hundred trees (22 botanical families, 43 genera and over 70 species) from semi-arid West Africa were evaluated for their suitability for dendrochronological research; specifically ring development. The samples were classified as 'potentially useful', 'problematic', or 'poor' based on the presence and distinctiveness of annual rings, ability to achieve crossdating between radii using skeleton plots on at least some samples, circuit uniformity, ring wedging, and variability of ring widths. Samples were classified as potentially useful if (a) they exhibited distinctive annual rings that could be identified and counted with little uncertainty and be independently verified by a second person with little or no error, (b) crossdating between radii could be successfully achieved, at least on some samples, (c) the rings were generally consistent throughout the stem cross section, (d) ring wedging was minimal (in the relative sense) or absent, and (e) the ring widths were variable, indicating the possibility of climatic sensitivity. Seven species, including five from the Caesalpiniaceae family (Cassia sieberiana, Cordyla pinnata, Daniella oliveri, Isoberlinia doka, Tamarindus indica), and one each from Mimosaceae (Acacia seyal) and Verbenaceae (Gmelina arborea) families, that most closely satisfied these criteria were classified as 'potentially useful'. The 'problematic' category includes those samples that satisfied some of the criteria but for which greater diligence is required to detect rings. Eight species from three families were classified in this category. Finally those samples on which ring detection appears futile given current methods and techniques were classified as 'poor'. Most of the samples classified as 'potentially useful' belong to three botanical families, Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosacae, and Verbenaceae. These results are consistent with the findings of other studies, and therefore support further investigation of the potential of West African trees for tree-ring analysis focusing on these families. Furthermore, inability to crossdate between trees and to explain several ring anatomical features underscores the pressing need for comprehensive field studies of cambial activity during the growing season, and for the identification of dormant seasons. This requirement, and other difficulties discussed suggest a need for increasing the local dendrochronological expertise in West Africa.
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Kaveh, Farzaneh [Verfasser]. "Wet bioadhesion in tree frogs / Farzaneh Kaveh." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058655930/34.
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Kochenderfer, Jeffrey Davis. "Herbicide Hardwood Crop Trees Release in Central West Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44187.
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Repeated partial cutting in the Appalachian hardwood
region has often favored the development of tolerant
species like American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.)
and stands with a high proportion of cull trees.
Crop tree release is a widely recommended practice to
improve species composition and growth rates in these
unevenaged structured stands. Chemical control offers
some distinct advantages from the standpoint of safety
and residual stand damage, over mechanical methods.
Control of American beech was the primary focus of this
study. Beech is a low value timber tree, normally considered
difficult to control. It is a major competitor to more
valuable trees, especially on better sites in the Appalachians.
Research plots were established in hardwood stands at three sites in central West Virginia to evaluate the effectiveness of glyphosate (Accord), imazapyr (Arsenal AC and Chopper), and triclopyr (Garlon 3A and Garlon 4) using the hack-and-squirt application method and low volume basal spray treatments. In the injection treatments .051 fl oz (1.5 ml) of solution was used per inch of diameter (dbh). The basal spray treatments used 0.101 fl oz (3 ml) of solution per inch of diameter. The following concentrations were used: Accord (65.2%), Arsenal AC (7.5%), Garlon 3A (50%), Garlon 4 (26.25%), and Chopper (6.25% ). These concentrations were determined by using the highest costing injection and basal treatment at the lowest recommended labeled rate as standards, Garlon 3A and Chopper respectively. Eighteen 0.1 acre plots were systematically located at each study site where crop trees were present and to maximize the number of American beech on each plot. Crop trees, mostly black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) were chosen on a 0.025 acre subplot established at each plot center. All beech two inches and larger on the 0.1 acre plots and competing trees touching crop trees were treated in June 1998. The treatments were evaluated in September of 1998 and again in June of 1999. A numerical rating system ranging from 1-7, (0-100% crown affected), which utilized visual symptoms, was used to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment. Trees receiving a rating of 5 (75 % crown control) or greater were considered controlled. The relationship between the kinds of herbicide, application method, and numerical rating were analyzed by means of one-way analysis of variance with an incomplete random factorial design.
The most effective treatments for the three month evaluations were the Accord and Garlon 3A injection treatments.
Average beech crown control ranged from 95-99% for Accord to 96-99% for Garlon 3A across all study sites.
The basal spray treatments were not effective. Average crown control ranged from 1-22%, across all study sites.
Accord, Garlon 3A, and Arsenal AC were the most effective treatments for the 12 month evaluations, with average
beech crown control ranging from 99-100% across all study sites. The imazapyr treatments (Arsenal Ac and Chopper)
had adverse effects on the crop trees and are not recommended for hardwood crop tree release. The cost effectiveness
based on treatment costs and the amount of basal area (BA) controlled were averaged for all study sites. The average
treatment costs based on the 12 month evaluations expressed in dollars/ft2 BA controlled were as follows: Accord ($0.91),
Garlon 3A ($1.04), Arsenal AC ($0.84), Garlon 4 ($15.09), and Chopper ($7.74).
NE-TWIGS was used to predict future composition and value of the projected stands. The stem injection treatments decreased the amount of beech and increased the amount of black cherry sawtimber thereby dramatically increasing the future value of the stands. Real rates of return were calculated for the stem injection (8.81%) and low-volume basal spray (-0.81%).
Master of Science
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Emerson, Paul. "Growth and survival of eleven planted tree species on a reclaimed surface mine in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5582.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 84 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-84).
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Bayala, Jules. "Tree crown pruning as a management tool to enhance the productivity of parklands in West Africa." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247299.
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Dr, Weist Thorsten [Verfasser]. "Tree structures in the geometric representation theory of quivers / Thorsten Dr. Weist." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119936748/34.
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Paré, Souleymane. "Land use dynamics, tree diversity and local perception of dry forest decline in southern Burkina Faso, West Africa /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200878.pdf.
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Gibson, Jacob R. "Individualistic Response of Piñon and Juniper Tree Species Distributions to Climate Change in North America's Arid Interior West." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/908.
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Piñon and juniper tree species have species-specific climatic requirements, resulting in unique distributions and differential responses to climate change. Piñons and junipers co-dominate the arid woodlands of North America as groups with widespread hybridization. Two piñons, Pinus edulis; P. monophylla, and four junipers, Juniperus deppeana var. deppeana; J. monosperma; J. occidentalis; J. osteosperma, are endemic to the midlatitude interior west and form three groups of hybridizing sister species, P. edulis-P. monophylla; J. deppeana var. deppeana-J. monosperma; J. occidentalis-J. osteosperma. Recent droughts have caused widespread mortality among piñons, but have had less impact on junipers and indicate shifts in co-occurrence have already begun in response to global climate change. Within these groups hybridization likely plays an important role in such distribution changes.
The central objective of this thesis is to forecast the distributions of piñons and junipers endemic to the US under modeled climate change for the 21st century. Species distribution models are built with an emphasis placed on aligning the life cycle dynamics of the species within the temporal and spatial resolution of predictor variables, and within the modeling technique. Two concerns surrounding species distribution modeling are addressed. First, concerns regarding the extent to which species are at equilibrium with the current climate are addressed by incorporating dispersal into the model building process. Second, concerns regarding the potential role of hybridization between closely related species are addressed by building distribution models for each of the three sister species groups as well as the six component species.
Species distribution models exhibited individualistic responses to modeled climate change. Modeled areal loss was greater than gain for all species, which is reflected in changes of co-occurrence. Piñon-juniper richness is forecast to increase in the northern Colorado Plateau, eastern Great Basin, and Rocky Mountains. The sister-species models forecast greater areal gain, and less areal loss, along hybridization zones for P. edulis-P. monophylla and for J. occidentalis-J. osteosperma, but forecast greater areal loss along the periphery of the component species distributions. The sister-species model for J. deppeana var. deppeana-J. monosperma forecasts overall greater areal loss than the component species. In general, forecast changes in latitude and elevation are about one third of the changes inferred, from the fossil record, to have occurred following the transition to the current interglacial ~10,000 years ago.
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Morris, Tracy Catharine. "Tree Composition Along Edaphic and Hydrologic Gradients in Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Forests." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04102005-161445/.
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We sampled seven intact nonriverine wet hardwood forests to establish target ranges for vegetation, soils and hydrology and to examine trends in plant species composition along a wetness gradient. Although quantitative vegetation analysis for this community has been published, broad drainage classes were used to represent a moisture gradient. We investigated trends along a finer-scaled wetness gradient utilizing a novel wetness index that incorporated indicators of saturated soils. Understanding small-scale patterns in plant community composition is useful in planning wetland restoration projects. Although no strong relationship was found between wetness index classes and plant community composition, these data represent the vegetative community supported by soils specific to each wetness class. Absence of this relationship is most likely a result of the dominance of A. rubrum and L. styraciflua in all wetness classes as well as a history of disturbance in each forest and other unknown stochastic variables. For the restorationist hoping to restore a historic nonriverine wet hardwood forest, once known as oak flats, we can suggest guidelines for restoring hydrology to the wetness classes in which we found oaks with high importance.
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Bai, Mei-Ling. "Tree cavity abundance and nest site selection of cavity nesting birds in a natural boreal forest of West Khentey, Mongolia." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2005/bai/bai.pdf.
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Sadovský, Hynek. "Návrh uzlu křídlo-trup kompozitního letounu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232005.
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This master's thesis deals with design, strength calculation and technological solution of wing-fuselage joint for composite four-seater aeroplane certificated by CS-23. Design is focused on optimal space utilization, low weight and simple manufacturing and assembly. Main output is technical documentation consisting of drawings and technological lay-ups. Conceptual design was chosen after analysis and weight estimation. With strenght calculation for composite materials it was possible to design composition of primary parts and also specify manufacture processes. Assigment was solved by unusuall conceptual design, which claims higher precision manufacturing, but it saves weight.
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Johnson, William F. "Survey and Analysis of Local Forestry-Related Ordinances in the Northeast, Mid-West, and Western United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10151.
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In the United States, federal, state, and local forest policies affect many aspects of the forest industry. Regulations from all levels dictate how resource professionals manage the forest resources of the country. This study examines state and local regulatory relationships with a primary focus on local regulations in the Northeast, Mid-West, and western regions of the United States.
A total of 388 local forestry ordinances were identified among the 35 states of the Northeast, Mid-West, and western regions of the United States. The Northeast contains the majority of local forest ordinances with 351. These ordinances are distributed among 8 states and many small local government types. The Mid-West currently embraces fewer local forest regulations with 16 ordinances across 4 states. In the West, 21 local forestry ordinances were found of which most are fostered by comprehensive forest practice acts. The primary objective of most local regulations in all regions is to regulate timber harvesting to some degree. The scope of the remaining local regulations; however, varied by region.
The presence of local regulations has existed for over 30 years, and there are indications that they will have an even greater impact on forest management in the future. In addition, local regulations are steadily becoming more comprehensive in scope, which makes it difficult to determine their impacts. The cumulative impact of local regulation rests not only in the number of ordinances, but also in the area they govern, stringency of provisions, local resource conditions, and degree of enforcement.Master of Science
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Lunn, Simon. "CLASSIFYING DOMINANT PARKLAND SPECIES IN A WEST AFRICAN AGROFORESTRY LANDSCAPE USING PLEIADES SATELLITE IMAGERY." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166250.
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As we move towards a digital based society, technology continues to improve. It is important to take advantage of this to inform and facilitate our sustainable development goals in the most cost-effective and time efficient manner. By utilising the best available technologies, not only can time savings be achieved, but scope of works can be dramatically increased, particularly with ecological data collection. This study will focus on collecting ecological data (tree species) using developing modern technologies (satellites) with the aim of reaching classification accuracies comparable with ground truthed (real life) records. The study area is in central Burkina Faso approximately 30km south of the capital and is generally described as an agroforestry parklands area. The region suffers greatly from poverty and many people are heavily dependent on the agricultural sector and subsistence farming. As these agroforestry parklands are so critical to many people’s livelihoods, it is important to assess the natural resources available within them to provide the best food security management for the people. Tree species locations were overlayed on two satellite images acquired during different stages of the annual growing periods in the agroforestry parklands of the study area. From these images, segmentation of individual tree crowns was done manually and used as the reference data for an object-based classification model, which were assessed for the classification accuracies that can be achieved. Three satellite image scenarios were assessed for classification accuracy, including two single image scenarios and a multi-imagery dataset combining both images. Results indicate that combined images perform the best in terms of overall classification accuracies, closely followed by the end of the wet season growing period. The image acquisition from the end of the dry season was quite poor in comparison, having an overall classification accuracy more than 10% lower than the other scenarios. Of the focus species assessed in this study, Azadirachta Indica was the clear loser in terms of the number of correctly classified individuals from each model scenario. All other focus species were relatively well classified achieving close to or above 60% accuracies in the multi-imagery classification scenario.
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Quince, Gyasi Adrian. "Den Tree Avaliability and Denning Success of Black Bears on Industrial Forest Lands and National Forest Lands in Virginia and West Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33551.
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During 1999-2001, potential den trees and denning success of black bears was investigated on industrial forest lands and national forest lands in Virginia and West Virginia. One hundred and fifty seven potential den trees were found on five study areas, 135 on national forest lands and 22 on the industrial forest lands. Twenty-seven hollow potential den trees were found, 22 on national forest lands and 5 on industrial forest lands. Densities of potential den trees ranged from 12.5/km2 to 437.5/km2 on the national forest lands and on the industrial forest lands the densities ranged from 0-187.5/km2. There were significantly higher densities (F1, 69=5.86, P=0.0181) of potential den trees on the national forest land than on the industrial forest land. There were also significantly (F=2, 68=7.86 P=0.0008) higher densities of hollow potential den trees based on the stand age class. Denning success for females expected to have cubs was 98% (n=46) in tree dens on national forest lands and 100% (n=8) on industrial forest lands. Denning success for females expected to have cubs was 76% (n=55) in ground dens on national forest lands and 80% (n=5) in ground dens on industrial forest lands. Females expected to have cubs on the national forest lands had an overall denning success of 89% (n=80) and on industrial forest lands there was overall, 92% (n=13) denning success. Chi-square tests showed that abandonment of dens by bears was significantly higher (x2=19.02, 1df) in ground dens than in tree dens. Litter sizes were not different from national forest lands and industrial forest lands (t=-0.36, 44df, P=0.84). The mean litter sizes on the national forest lands was 2.55 (SE=0.16) cubs per litter and on the industrial forest land 2.4 (SE=0.22) cubs per litter.Master of Science
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Barker, Martin Gurney. "Water relation and related responses of tree species exposed to rural concentrations of NOâ†2 and SOâ†2 in gaseous and wet deposition." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306292.
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Tankam, Joan Manjuh. "Pharmaceutical Potentials of Selected Aromatic Spices: Pharmacological and Phytochemical Evaluation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), West African Black Pepper (Piper guineense) and Tree Basil (Ocimum gratissimum)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188722.
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Schumann, Katharina [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittig, and Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Ziska. "Impact of land-use on savanna vegetation and populations of non-timber forest product-providing tree species in West Africa / Katharina Schumann. Gutachter: Rüdiger Wittig ; Georg Ziska." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1044772131/34.
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Bompy, Félix. "Approche écologique et écophysiologique de l’effet des variations saisonnières sur la croissance des arbres dans les forêts côtières inondables des Antilles." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0674/document.
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Les forêts côtières inondables (FCI) des régions tropicales et subtropicales remplissent des fonctions écologiques nécessaires aux écosystèmes marins côtiers situés en aval et aux populations humaines vivant à proximité Aux Antilles, les mangroves et les forêts marécageuses à Pterocarpus officinalis sont structurés par des espèces ligneuses qui ont développé des adaptations particulières à la salinité, à l’inondation et aux substrats meubles sur lesquels elles reposent. Dans des contextes climatiques à forte saisonnalité, les saisons sèches prolongées entraînent de fortes variations de la salinité et du niveau de la nappe, que le changement climatique devrait amplifier. Les modèles climatiques de la région Caraïbe prévoient des saisons sèches plus sèches liées à une baisse des précipitations de 20 à 50 %. Or, la question des capacités de résistance et d’acclimatation des espèces ligneuses des FCI à des variations saisonnières marquées de leur environnement édaphique a été peu traitée dans la littérature scientifique.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été double. Il s’est agi, d'une part, de caractériser la structure et la croissance de faciès de végétation représentatifs des FCI antillaises et de mettre en évidence leurs déterminants. A cet effet, des individus adultes, des espèces ligneuses dominantes des FCI, (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, Pterocarpus officinalis, Rhizophora mangle), dans cinq faciès de végétation sur le gradient terre-mer, ont été suivis sur l'île de Grande-Terre (Guadeloupe). D’autre part, les effets de variations salines extrêmes sur la croissance et l’écophysiologie de ces quatre espèces ont été évalués au stade plantule par une expérience en conditions contrôlées.A travers cette étude, il a été montré que les différences de salinité et de fertilité entre les stationspermettent d’expliquer la composition et la structure des peuplements de FCI. Cette étude a égalementmontré que P. officinalis peut se maintenir dans une gamme de salinité plus large que ne l'indiquait lalittérature.Dans le contexte des Antilles où les marnages sont faibles, la saisonnalité du climat entraine des variations saisonnières importantes d’un ensemble de descripteurs édaphiques tels que le niveau de la nappe, la salinité du sol, le pH et le potentiel RedOx. L’inondation et la salinité des sols sont fortement corrélées aux variations mensuelles des précipitations. Les périodes sèches sont accompagnées de salinités élevées et d’une baisse du niveau de la nappe allant jusqu’à l’exondation des sols dans toutes les stations suivies. Les stress environnementaux liés à la saisonnalité entrainent une baisse de la production primaire. L’accroissement cambial mensuel des individus est fortement corrélé avec les précipitations et l’intensité du vent. Dans les stations de mangrove, la sècheresse édaphique régule la production primaire des palétuviers. En forêt marécageuse, la part de la sècheresse atmosphérique semble plus importante pour expliquer la production de P. officinalis. Aussi, les sècheresses édaphique et atmosphérique doivent être prises en compte toutes deux pour modéliser efficacement la croissance des peuplements des FCI.Lors de la saison sèche, le stress le plus important est le stress hydrique, lié à la diminution de la teneur en eau du sol et à l’augmentation de la salinité, qui entraine des contraintes physiologiques sur les palétuviers (ajustements stomatiques, pertes de surface foliaire et de conductivité hydraulique). Le stress ionique, lié à la toxicité des ions Na+ et Cl-, permet aussi d’expliquer une partie de la contrainte sur l’assimilation en carbone. En saison sèche, l’aération des sols ne se traduit pas par une amélioration des performances de croissance chez toutes les espèces. Aussi, la croissance cambiale maximale de toutes les espèces de FCI est réalisée en saison des pluies lorsque la salinité est faible et les niveaux d’inondation élevésIn tropical and subtropical regions, flooded coastal forests provide essentials goods and services to local communities. In the Antilles, mangrove forests and the Pterocarpus officinalis swamp forest host tree species that are adapted to salinity, flooding and loose substrates. In areas were climatic seasonality is strong, dry seasons lead to strong fluctuations of soil salinity and water table level ; that climate change is likely to make stronger again. Climate model for the Caribbean project drier dry seasons with a decease of 20 to 50 % in annual rainfall amounts. However, resistance and acclimation ability of flooded coastal forest’s species to strong environmental fluctuations still remain poorly studied.This thesis aims two objectives. On the one hand, it aims to characterize the forest structure and monthly growth of vegetation structures representative of the Antillean flooded coastal forests and to highlight their determinants. In this respect, adult trees of the four dominant species of local flooded coastal forest (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, Pterocarpus officinalis, Rhizophora mangle), in five stations along a sea – land gradient were monitored on the Grande-Terre island (Guadeloupe). On the other hand, the effects of salinity variation patterns and salinity levels on growth performances and physiology of seedlings from the four same species were investigated through a greenhouse experiment.This study shows that differences among average salinity and soil fertility explain the vegetation structure of flooded coastal forest. It also extents, in the literature, the range of salinity in which P. officinalis can stand at the tree stage.In the Antilles were tidal range is small, climate seasonality lead to strong edaphic seasonal variations in water table level, soil salinity, pH and RedOx potential. Flooding and soil salinity are strongly correlated to monthly rainfall amounts: dry periods lead to high salinity and to a decrease in water table level under the soil surface. Seasonal environmental stresses lead to a decrease of primary production. Cambial growth was strongly correlated to monthly precipitation and average wind speed. In mangrove stations, edaphic drought determines primary production of mangrove trees, when, in swamp forest stations, atmospheric drought determines an important part of P. officinalis’ primary production.During the dry season, water stress is the more important environmental stress, both by the decrease in soil humidity and the increase in soil salinity, and leads to physiological strains (stomatal adjustment, loss of leaf area and hydraulic conductivity) for mangrove trees. Ionic toxicity of ions Na+ and Cl- also explains a part of the strain on carbon assimilation. During the dry season, re oxygenation of soils via low water table level does not lead to an increase of physiological traits. Thus, maximum cambial growth of all species is observed during the rainy season, when salinity is low and water table level is high.Flooded coastal forest’s species do not have the same ability to recover after a dry episode. In all the studied stations, A. germinans’ cambial growth rises back as soon as the rainy season starts, when, for one station, cambial growth of L. racemosa and R. mangle stay null during the three first month of the rainy season. This low ability to recover after a dry episode is correlated to a stronger impact of the dry season on the physiological traits of these two species.The greenhouse experiment shows that salinity variation patterns are to be taken into consideration for explaining seedlings’ growth and salinity tolerance. A stronger salinity increase impacts the growth of all the studied species; a punctual drop of salinity highlights that flooded coastal forest’s species differ in ability to take advantage of a low salinity episode. These results are coherent with field observations as cambial growth was fairly explained by monthly precipitation
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Boe, Brian Jeffrey. "Evaluating Tree Seedling Survival and Growth in a Bottomland Old-field Site: Implications for Ecological Restoration." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3998/.
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In order to assess the enhancement of seedling survival and growth during drought conditions, five-hundred bare-root seedlings each of Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckl.) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) were planted each with four soil amendments at a Wildlife Management Area in Lewisville, Texas. The treatments were a mycorrhizal inoculant, mulch fabric, and two superabsorbent gels (TerraSorb® and DRiWATER®). Survival and growth measurements were assessed periodically for two years. Research was conducted on vegetation, soil, and site history for baseline data. Both superabsorbent gels gave significant results for Shumard oak survival, and one increased green ash diameter. For overall growth, significant results were found among DRiWATER®, mycorrhizae, and mulch treatments.
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Bleby, Timothy Michael. "Water use, ecophysiology and hydraulic architecture of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) growing on mine rehabilitation sites in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0004.
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[Truncated abstract. Please see the pdf format for the complete text. Also, formulae and special characters can only be approximated here. Please see the pdf version for an accurate reproduction.] This thesis examines the water use, ecophysiology and hydraulic architecture of Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) growing on bauxite mine rehabilitation sites in the jarrah forest of south-western Australia. The principal objective was to characterise the key environment and plant-based influences on tree water use, and to better understand the dynamics of water use over a range of spatial and temporal scales in this drought-prone ecosystem. A novel sap flow measurement system (based on the use of the heat pulse method) was developed so that a large number of trees could be monitored concurrently in the field. A validation experiment using potted jarrah saplings showed that rates of sap flow (transpiration) obtained using this system agreed with those obtained gravimetrically. Notably, diurnal patterns of transpiration were measured accurately and with precision using the newly developed heat ratio method. Field studies showed that water stress and water use by jarrah saplings on rehabilitation sites were strongly seasonal: being greatest in summer when it was warm and dry, and least in winter when it was cool and wet. At different times, water use was influenced by soil water availability, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and plant hydraulic conductance. In some areas, there was evidence of a rapid decline in transpiration in response to dry soil conditions. At the end of summer, most saplings on rehabilitation sites were not water stressed, whereas water status in the forest was poor for small saplings but improved with increasing size. It has been recognised that mature jarrah trees avoid drought by having deep root systems, however, it appears that saplings on rehabilitation sites may have not yet developed functional deep roots, and as such, they may be heavily reliant on moisture stored in surface soil horizons. Simple predictive models of tree water use revealed that stand water use was 74 % of annual rainfall at a high density (leaf area index, LAI = 3.1), high rainfall (1200 mm yr-1) site, and 12 % of rainfall at a low density (LAI = 0.4), low rainfall (600 mm yr-1) site, and that water use increased with stand growth. A controlled field experiment confirmed that: (1) sapling transpiration was restricted as root-zone water availability declined, irrespective of VPD; (2) transpiration was correlated with VPD when water was abundant; and (3) transpiration was limited by soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance when water was abundant and VPD was high (> 2 kPa). Specifically, transpiration was regulated by stomatal conductance. Large stomatal apertures could sustain high transpiration rates, but stomata were sensitive to hydraulic perturbations caused by soil water deficits and/or high evaporative demand. No other physiological mechanisms conferred immediate resistance to drought. Empirical observations were agreeably linked with a current theory suggesting that stomata regulate transpiration and plant water potential in order to prevent hydraulic dysfunction following a reduction in soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance. Moreover, it was clear that plant hydraulic capacity determined the pattern and extent of stomatal regulation. Differences in hydraulic capacity across a gradient in water availability were a reflection of differences in root-to-leaf hydraulic conductance, and were possibly related to differences in xylem structure. Saplings on rehabilitation sites had greater hydraulic conductance (by 50 %) and greater leaf-specific rates of transpiration at the high rainfall site (1.5 kg m-2 day1) than at the low rainfall site (0.8 kg m-2 day1) under near optimal conditions. Also, rehabilitation-grown saplings had significantly greater leaf area, leaf area to sapwood area ratios and hydraulic conductance (by 30-50 %) compared to forest-grown saplings, a strong indication that soils in rehabilitation sites contained more water than soils in the forest. Results suggested that: (1) the hydraulic structure and function of saplings growing under the same climatic conditions was determined by soil water availability; (2) drought reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration by reducing whole-tree hydraulic conductance; and (3) saplings growing on open rehabilitation sites utilised more abundant water, light and nutrients than saplings growing in the forest understorey. These findings support a paradigm that trees evolve hydraulic equipment and physiological characteristics suited to the most efficient use of water from a particular spatial and temporal niche in the soil environment.
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Barkhem, Josefin. "Vilka länder får synas i engelskböckerna? : En undersökning hur engelskspråkiga länder framställs i läroböcker för årskurs tre." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35357.
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This study investigates whether students of year three get the chance to learn about cultures in places and contexts where English is used, through textbooks. The focus is whether the diversity of the English speaking cultures is shown or if a western centered image dominates. Postcolonial theory is the base of the investigation. As an analysis method, content analysis has mostly been used but also critical discourse analysis. The results show that Great Britain is the country that is most frequently represented in all books, but also that in general few cultures are brought up or explained. The purpose of this study is to investigate how English speaking parts of the world and contexts are represented in English books for year three.
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Klinka, Karel, Pal Varga, Louise E. M. de Montigny, and Christine Chourmouzis. "The structure of single- and mixed-species, second-growth stands of Western hemlock and Western redcedar." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/708.
Full textAbstract:
The structure of a forest stand is characterized by: (a) species composition, (b) age, (c) size (diameter and height), and (d)
spatial (horizontal and vertical) arrangement of the trees. Depending on the species, site, and disturbance history, the
stand structure varies with time, thus providing a snapshot of a particular development stage.
Research on growth and stand structure has shown that the spatial distribution of trees is one of the key determinants of
stand productivity. Forest inventories and ecological surveys carried out in British Columbia (BC) have shown that the
structure of naturally established, unmanaged stands varies from simple (single-species, single-storied, and even-aged) to
complex (multi-species, multi-storied, and uneven-aged). Only a few studies have quantitatively characterized this range
of structural complexity, with nearly all studies focusing on old-growth stands.
BC forest policy requires that harvested areas be regenerated with a mixture of tree species whenever a mixture is suited
to the site. This policy is based upon the assumption that under appropriate conditions, increases in stand productivity,
reliability, and/or biodiversity can be attained in mixed-species stands. This assumption has not yet been tested for forest
ecosystems. One mechanism by which different tree species can reduce crown competition for light is through vertical
separation (the development of multiple canopy strata). Canopy stratification is not easily recognized in mixed-species
stands, particularly when species have similar shade tolerance and height growth patterns, and no quantitative methods
have been developed to detect stratification.
The diameter frequency distribution of two-storied stands have been characterized by inverted J-shaped as well as modal
curves. Although it would be more appropriate to characterize stand structure by height frequency distributions, these
distributions have not been developed. We suggest that (i) a stand is stratified if there are distinct, quantitatifiable modes
in the size distribution; either diameter, height, or crown height, and (ii) height or crown height distributions will be the most
sensitive measures.
To characterize the structure of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) (Hw) and western redcedar (Thuja
plicata Donn ex D. Don in Lamb.) (Cw) second-growth stands, and to investigate its influence on tree growth, we (1)
described and compared size (diameter, height, and crown height) frequency distributions in single- and mixed-species
stands, (2) determined whether mixed-species stands develop a stratified canopy, and (3) examined whether interactions
between hemlock and redcedar affect tree growth.
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Zubair, Muḥammad. "An application of theory of planned behaviour and logistic regression models to understand farm level tree planting and its determinants in the district of Dera Ismail Khan of Pakistan's North West frontier province." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391267.
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Grapin, Scott. "Grind the ink, wet the brush, dance the pine tree reading and writing nature with Gary Snyder's Riprap and Mountains and rivers without end /." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1564017691&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Sanidad, Wilfredo B. "Comparative studies of the water use characteristics of native tree species growing on a rehabilitated mine site in the wet - dry sub - tropics of Queensland /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17423.pdf.
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Cline, Nathan Lyle. "Wet-Thermal Time and Plant Available Water in the Seedbeds and Root Zones Across the Sagebrush Steppe Ecosystem of the Great Basin." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4384.
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Following wildfires, plant materials are direct-seeded to limit erosion and annual weed invasion. Seedlings often fail to establish because selected plant materials are not always well adapted to local soil moisture and temperature conditions. In an effort to help improve plant materials selection and to evaluate sites potential revegetation, we have worked toward developing methodology to predict germination and root growth based on site specific soil moisture and temperature conditions. First, we characterized the seedbed environment of 24 sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) steppe sites throughout the Intermountain West to determine the wet-thermal time of five temperature ranges relevant to germination response and thermal-time model accuracy (Chapter 1). Second, we predicted potential germination for 31 plant materials at those same sites (Chapter 2). Third, in preparation to predict root growth at multiple sites, we characterized the drying patterns and the associated plant-available water for in the seedling root zone across nine woodland (Juniperus spp. and Piñus spp.) sites (Chapter 3). For all of these studies, we determined the effects of tree reduction and tree infilling phase at time of tree reduction. Our key findings are that seedbeds generally sum most wet-thermal time at temperature ranges where the germination rates fit thermal accumulation models quite well (R2 ≥ 0.7). The majority of plant materials summed enough wet-thermal time for a potential germination at most sites during the fall, early spring, and late spring. Soil drying primarily occurs from the soil surface downward. Drying rates and Plant available water associated with the first drying event increased with increasing soil depth. Root zone (1-30 cm) plant-available water increased before and decreased after the first spring drying event with increasing soil depth. Tree removal with increasing pretreatment tree infilling phase generally added progress toward germination, plant available water, and wet-thermal time in the seedbed and root zones of the sagebrush steppe in the Great Basin. Because soil moisture and temperature does not appear to be limiting for potential germination, combining germination and root growth models to create a more comprehensive model may allow for a more robust prediction for seedling survival. For either root growth or combined germination and root growth models, plant available water and wet-thermal time before the first spring drying period hold the most potential for successfully predicting seedling survival.
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Edmondson, Jesse R. "The Meteorological Significance Of False Rings In Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus Virginiana L.) From The Southern Great Plains, U.S.A." Tree-Ring Society, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622614.
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The growth rings of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) often contain a high frequency of
false intra-annual growth bands, which complicates the dendrochronology of this species. However, exactly dated false rings replicated among many trees can reflect major weather changes during the growing season. Sixty-one trees from two sites (Oklahoma and Kansas) were dated and used to compile replicated chronologies of false rings at both locations extending from AD 1700–2000. False-ring events during the modern instrumental era were compared with the daily weather data from nearby stations. Significant false-ring events occurred at both locations during years that experienced a dramatic late-growing season weather reversal, when an extended period of high temperatures and drought was followed by prolonged cool and wet conditions. Synoptic weather maps for these events indicate that all ten replicated false-ring events in the instrumental era occurred during the highly unseasonable penetration of a cold front into the region. However, none of the significant false-ring events occurred in the same year at both sites. These separate false-ring chronologies indicate that there may be phenological differences in the timing of radial growth in redcedar between Kansas and Oklahoma, and that the weather conditions responsible for false-ring formation often occur at the
mesoscale and do not often impact central Kansas and northcentral Oklahoma simultaneously.
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Câmara, Francisco Mickael de Medeiros. "Fenologia, produção e qualidade da água de coqueiro anão sob adubação potássica no Oeste Potiguar." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/114.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-26Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Phenology may be defined as the study of periodicals events of plant s life, depending on their reaction to environmental conditions, and its importance is related to the management that can be developed for crops in response to these results. Aiming to evaluate the phenology of the coconut tree, an experiment was carried in the didactic orchard of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido-UFERSA. The experimental area consisted of four-year old coconut trees of green dwarf variety, propagated by seeds and planted at a spacing of 7.5 m x 7.5 m, irrigated by microsprinkler. We selected randomly forty plants for which we made every week phenological observations during the period of January to October 2015. We analyzed as following variables: plant height, length and diameter of stem, leaf n°14 length, emission of 2nd, 3rd and 4th raceme, number of living leaves, total plants inflorescence, average number of fruits with 5, 6, 7 and 8 months of age, total number of fruits and percentage of abortion in the raceme with 5, 6, 7 and 8 months old. The vegetative and reproductive traits are influenced by the age of the plant as well as the climatic conditions
A fenologia pode ser definida como o estudo dos eventos periódicos da vida da planta em função da sua reação às condições do ambiente, e sua importância está relacionada ao manejo que pode ser desenvolvido para as culturas em função desses resultados. Com o objetivo de avaliar a fenologia do coqueiro, um experimento foi conduzido no pomar didático da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido-UFERSA. A área experimental foi composta por coqueiros da variedade anão verde com quatro anos de idade, propagadas via sementes e plantadas no espaçamento de 7,5 m x 7,5 m, irrigadas por microaspersão. Foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, quarenta plantas, para as quais foram realizadas as observações fenológicas semanalmente, durante o período de janeiro a outubro de 2015. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: altura da planta, comprimento e diâmetro do estipe, comprimento da folha n° 14, emissão do 2º, 3° e 4° cacho, número de folhas vivas, número de inflorescências totais por planta, número médio de frutos com 5, 6, 7 e 8 meses de idade, número de frutos totais e porcentagem de abortamento de frutos do cacho com 5, 6, 7 e 8 meses de idade. Os caracteres vegetativos e reprodutivos são influenciados pela idade da planta, assim como pelas condições climáticas
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Ferreira, Antonio William Johannes. "Ware en valse bekerings : Christelike etiese perspektief op die gebruik van die Tien Gebooie in evangelisasie / Antonio William Johannes Ferreira." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8443.
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This study discusses true and false conversions and the use of the Ten Commandments
in evangelism, viewed from the starting point of a Christian ethical perspective.
The use of the Ten Commandments in Evangelism is affirmed by Jesus Himself and
also by Jesus’ apostles after His ascension to heaven. The validity of the Ten
Commandments is eternal. The modern evangelist has been caught by the snares of
Satan with regards to the Ten Commandments. The power of the Ten Commandments
in evoking a true sense of sin is being undermined by a sly plan of Satan that causes
enmity between the Law and grace. It has basically brought about two schools of
thought: those who use the Ten Commandments, and those who reject it. Those who
use the Ten Commandments, however, run the risk of using the law in an illegitimate
way, and this is termed as “legalism”. On the other hand, those who reject the Ten
Commandments are guilty of “Antinomianism”, that literally means “anti-law”.
Consequently, all the underlying principles, which God had laid down for the use of the
Ten Commandments, are being blatantly disregarded. Instead, the workings and
efficacy of the Ten Commandments are exclusively replaced by love and grace. False
conversions are the result in both cases. Satan achieves his goal.
In opposition to this is the legitimate use of the Ten Commandments as the only means
of preventing false conversions. God designed the Ten Commandments in such a way
as to firstly reveal His holiness as the only standard that a sinner must meet. As the
standard requires absolute holiness and perfection, it brings about a sense of sin. This
is because no person can fulfill the standard. Without a true sense of sin, no person can
be saved. Within the framework of the Ten Commandments, evidence of the person’s
love towards God is comprised through the upholding of the Ten Commandments. The
Ten Commandments cannot save anyone, but if the person loves Jesus, they will keep
His commandments; a sign of true conversion. The goal of this study was to determine whether any guidelines can be composed to
help Evangelists prevent or minimize false conversions, in a Biblically justified manner.
The research indicates that without the use of the Ten Commandments during
evangelism, many false conversions will ensue.
The conclusion of this research is that false conversions can be prevented or minimized
through the legitimate use of the Ten Commandments during evangelism.Thesis (PhD (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Berthold, Dirk. "Soil chemical and biological changes through the N2 fixation of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) - A contribution to the research of tree neophytes." Doctoral thesis, Göttingen, 2005. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2005/berthold.
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Schua, Karoline, Stefan Wende, Sven Wagner, and Karl-Heinz Feger. "Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties in a Mixed Stand of Spruce and Birch in the Ore Mountains (Germany)—A Case Study." Molecular Diversity Preservation International, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29148.
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A major argument for incorporating deciduous tree species in coniferous forest stands is their role in the amelioration and stabilisation of biogeochemical cycles. Current forest management strategies in central Europe aim to increase the area of mixed stands. In order to formulate statements about the ecological effects of mixtures, studies at the stand level are necessary. In a mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the Ore Mountains (Saxony, Germany), the effects of these two tree species on chemical and microbial parameters in the topsoil were studied at one site in the form of a case study. Samples were taken from the O layer and A horizon in areas of the stand influenced by either birch, spruce or a mixture of birch and spruce. The microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, pH-value and the C and N contents and stocks were analysed in the horizons Of, Oh and A. Significantly higher contents of microbial N were observed in the Of and Oh horizons in the birch and in the spruce-birch strata than in the stratum containing only spruce. The same was found with respect to pH-values in the Of horizon and basal respiration in the Oh horizon. Compared to the spruce stratum, in the birch and spruce-birch strata, significantly lower values were found for the contents of organic C and total N in the A horizon. The findings of the case study indicated that single birch trees have significant effects on the chemical and microbial topsoil properties in spruce-dominated stands. Therefore, the admixture of birch in spruce stands may distinctly affect nutrient cycling and may also be relevant for soil carbon sequestration. Further studies of these functional aspects are recommended.
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Schua, Karoline, Stefan Wende, Sven Wagner, and Karl-Heinz Feger. "Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties in a Mixed Stand of Spruce and Birch in the Ore Mountains (Germany)—A Case Study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-192202.
Full textAbstract:
A major argument for incorporating deciduous tree species in coniferous forest stands is their role in the amelioration and stabilisation of biogeochemical cycles. Current forest management strategies in central Europe aim to increase the area of mixed stands. In order to formulate statements about the ecological effects of mixtures, studies at the stand level are necessary. In a mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the Ore Mountains (Saxony, Germany), the effects of these two tree species on chemical and microbial parameters in the topsoil were studied at one site in the form of a case study. Samples were taken from the O layer and A horizon in areas of the stand influenced by either birch, spruce or a mixture of birch and spruce. The microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, pH-value and the C and N contents and stocks were analysed in the horizons Of, Oh and A. Significantly higher contents of microbial N were observed in the Of and Oh horizons in the birch and in the spruce-birch strata than in the stratum containing only spruce. The same was found with respect to pH-values in the Of horizon and basal respiration in the Oh horizon. Compared to the spruce stratum, in the birch and spruce-birch strata, significantly lower values were found for the contents of organic C and total N in the A horizon. The findings of the case study indicated that single birch trees have significant effects on the chemical and microbial topsoil properties in spruce-dominated stands. Therefore, the admixture of birch in spruce stands may distinctly affect nutrient cycling and may also be relevant for soil carbon sequestration. Further studies of these functional aspects are recommended.
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Serrano, Dafne Isaac. "Effect of Evapotranspiration Rate on Almond Yield in California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1955.
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Since 2011, California has been under drought conditions. These conditions have not only affected water availability for farmers, but also production. California’s second most valuable crop, almonds, has been affected by drought conditions. This study used three models (Model 1-3) to describe almond yield variability from year to year and almond yield variability within a year in Kern County, CA. The study evaluated 185 almond farms that were classified in three locations (east side, west side and north west side). The years of the study were 2011 (wet year) and 2013-2015 (drought condition years). Model 1 determined a functional regression between almond yield and annual evapotranspiration during the 4 years of the study. The R2was 7.9%, meaning low association between both variables and high unexplained variability (92.1%). Model 2 evaluated year to year variation. A regression function between almond yield and annual evapotranspiration after adjusting for location, precipitation, chilling hours and year was made. The R2of this model 62.6%, and all the variables used had a p2was higher than Model 1; however, there was high unexplained variability (47.4%). Model 3 evaluated within-year variation. A regression function between almond yield and annual evapotranspiration after adjusting for tree age and location (east, west and northwest side) was made for each year (2011 and 2013 -2015). Coefficient of variation of evapotranspiration and soil available water storage were analyzed as additional variables in Model 3; however, they were not introduced in Model 3 due to the low increase in R2 in each year (2 of Model 3 for each year were, 60.4%, 49.7%, 53.8% and 53.2% for the years 2011, 2013-2015, respectively. Model 3 also had high unexplained almond yield variability in each year (39.6%-50.3%). This high unexplained variability leads to introduce additional variables to the functional regression model for further studies. Identifying these additional variables and having a functional regression model with high R2 would lead to understand howlow evapotranspiration could potentially lead to a positive response on yield in drought conditions; thus, making farmers improve water use efficiency and hence, lowering production cost. However, the high unexplained variability clearly indicates that evapotranspiration is only one of many factors that influence yield. If improved yield is an important outcome, future studies must examine large- scale almond-producing farms with multiple agricultural system variables.
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Schua, Karoline, Stefan Wende, Sven Wagner, and Karl-Heinz Feger. "Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties in a Mixed Stand of Spruce and Birch in the Ore Mountains (Germany) - A Case Study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-173719.
Full textAbstract:
A major argument for incorporating deciduous tree species in coniferous forest stands is their role in the amelioration and stabilisation of biogeochemical cycles. Current forest management strategies in central Europe aim to increase the area of mixed stands. In order to formulate statements about the ecological effects of mixtures, studies at the stand level are necessary. In a mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the Ore Mountains (Saxony, Germany), the effects of these two tree species on chemical and microbial parameters in the topsoil were studied at one site in the form of a case study. Samples were taken from the O layer and A horizon in areas of the stand influenced by either birch, spruce or a mixture of birch and spruce. The microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, pH-value and the C and N contents and stocks were analysed in the horizons Of, Oh and A. Significantly higher contents of microbial N were observed in the Of and Oh horizons in the birch and in the spruce-birch strata than in the stratum containing only spruce. The same was found with respect to pH-values in the Of horizon and basal respiration in the Oh horizon. Compared to the spruce stratum, in the birch and spruce-birch strata, significantly lower values were found for the contents of organic C and total N in the A horizon. The findings of the case study indicated that single birch trees have significant effects on the chemical and microbial topsoil properties in spruce-dominated stands. Therefore, the admixture of birch in spruce stands may distinctly affect nutrient cycling and may also be relevant for soil carbon sequestration. Further studies of these functional aspects are recommended.
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Wachs, Marina-Elena, Theresa Scholl, Gesa Balbig, and Katharina Grobheiser. "Textile Engineering ›SurFace‹: Oberflächenentwurf von der taktilen zur grafischen zur taktilen Erfahrbarkeit im Design Engineering der Zukunft." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75865.
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Das Textile-Engineering steht innerhalb der Digitalisierungsphase der vierten industriellen Revolution, vor der Herausforderung, die taktile Erfahrbarkeit von physischen Oberflächen in digitale tools zu übersetzen. Hierbei stehen scheinbar analoge Entwurfsmethoden des Skizzierens, mit dem Duktus im Konflikt mit den digitalen Entwurfsflächen und -räumen. Wie können wir digitale Materialbibliotheken so verwenden, dass diese der „wahren“ Oberflächen(-Ästhetik), entsprechend unseren physisch erlebbaren Welten entsprechen? Wir entwickeln die interaktiven Entwurfsräume der Zukunft „sur face“, über das „Gesicht“ des Materials. Mittels Matrix und digitalem Duktus und im vis à vis von analogen und digitalen vernetzt designen, kommen wir der Anforderung von human centred design der textilen Zukunftswelten näher.
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Harper, William L. "Retelling the myth Sam Shepard's True west and The late Henry Moss /." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1810.pdf.
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Hsiang-ju, Cheng. "Demystifying the American Dream--On Sam Shepard's True West and Angel City." 2000. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0021-2603200719105346.
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Cheng, Hsiang-ju, and 鄭翔嬬. "Demystifying the American Dream--On Sam Shepard's True West and Angel City." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13571722471620844667.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
英語研究所
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Abstract As a national myth, the American Dream has profoundly influenced American literary works and the transformations of this Dream, to a great extent, reflect the historical contexts of different periods. Therefore, how American writers come to terms with this cultural heritage when the society has undergone a great change becomes a burning issue. Growing under its mesmerizing power, Sam Shepard does not unreservedly accept the Dream. He scrutinizes closely this subject and stages its problematics. By analyzing his plays, we could have a better understanding of the American Dream in this post-modern age. Briefly, this study is divided into three chapters. The first chapter includes a survey of the changes in the nature of the American Dream. The impacts of several important historical events on the Dream and the dissolution of the modern American playwrights toward it are carefully investigated. A short summary of Shepard’s biography, his emergence on the American stage, and the influence of the film industry on him are all introduced in this chapter. The second chapter focuses on the last of Shepard’s family trilogy, True West (1980). Since the West has always become the symbolic place where Americans project their unfulfilled dreams, True West first questions the traditional demarcation of the West and the East. What we have is the endless versions of the West and every utterance becomes potentially a site of struggle. By examining the nature of language, this thesis holds that the search for a "True West" is marked by failure because language never transmits transparently. The last chapter discusses how this collective unconsciousness is manufactured, recycled and disseminated through an analysis of the play, Angel City (1976). In this play, we find the screen has replaced the West as the nurturing bed for the American Dream. Hollow simulacra penetrate all aspects of human life and these bigger-than-life images reframe the multitude's positions of identifications. Shepard makes his audience alert to “the unseen hand” behind this inflated myth and to its power of interpellation. By obstructing our habitual mode of thinking, Shepard frees us from an idealized American past and brings us into a world of heteroglossia. By laying bare the mechanism of the Dream industry, Shepard indicates our limits but he never feels discouraged. Instead, only by discovering our confinement can we re-examine our present conditions. Though he is unable to abandon his cultural heritage, his deft language, original images and frequent appropriation of American popular culture all exhibit his conscious attempts to voice the experience of the American people and to demystify the American Dream.
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Watt, Diane Lilian. "The disintegration of a dream : a study of Sam Shephard's family trilogy, Curse of the starving class, Buried child and True west." Diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17851.
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The family trilogy, Curse of the Starving Class, Buried
Child and True West, presents Sam Shepard's strong bond with
his culture and his people, illustrates an intense connection
with the land, and reveals a deep longing for the
traditions of the past, through the dramatisation of the
betrayal of the American Dream. Although obviously part of
the American tradition of family drama, Shepard never completely
conforms, subverting the genre by debunking the
traditional family in order to make a statement about the
present disintegration of the bonds of family life and
modern American society. In the trilogy Shepard decries the
loss of the old codes connecting with his despair at the
debasement of the ideals of the past and the demise of the
American Dream. Finally, the plays insist on the importance
a new set of tenets to supplant the sterile ethics of modern
AmericaM.A. (English)
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Pedersen, Brian S. "Tree mortality in midwestern oak-hickory forests : rates and processes." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36619.
Full text
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Yang, Ya-Ping, and 楊雅萍. "Comparison in Predawn Leaf Water Potential and Photosynthetic Capacity between Dry and Wet Season in Saplings of Ten Tree Species Inhabit at West Coast of Hengchun, Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04049235165534839992.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
森林系所
99
In Hengchun area of southern Taiwan, the dry season lasts from November of each year to mid May of the next year. This research compared the seasonal variations, from dry season to rainy season, of predawn water potential (PWP) and photosynthetic capacity (Acap) in ten tree species, including nine saplings of native tree species and one invasive species, Leucaena leucocephala. These results would provide information on the physiological and morphological responses to prolonged water deficiency of these tested species. Field measurements showed that sapling of Pittosporum pentandrum did not suffer water stress since its PWP during dry season (December 2009 to May 2010) was only -0.09 MPa less than during rainy season; PWP of L. leucocephala and Melanolepis multiglandulosa decreased only -0.47 MPa, while PWP of Gelonium aequoreum, Broussonetia papyrifera, Planchonella obovata, and Hibiscus tiliaceus decreased -0.63 to -0.89 MPa. On the other hand, PWP of Ehretia resinosa, Allophylus timorensis, and Aglaia formosana dropped at least -1.35 MPa, indicating that these species experienced severe water stress. All tested species showed significantly lower Acap in dry season than in rainy season. Comparing the measurements of Acap during dry season versus rainy season in each species, P. pentandrum could maintain at around 88%; L. leucocephala and M. multiglandulosa could maintain at above 70%; M. multiglandulosa, E. resinosa, B. papyrifera, and A. timorensis showed above 60%; yet Acap of P. obovata, G. aequoreum, and A. formosana in dry season had only half of their Acap in rainy season, showing that their physiological activities were obviously inhibited. During the dry season, some leaves in saplings of E. resinosa, and more than half of the leaves in saplings of B. papyrifera and A. timorensis, would turn yellow and fall, while the other 7 species remain green. Overall, P. pentandrum could still maintain similar physiological performances in dry season as compared to in rainy season, but A. formosana physiological activities was significantly decreased in dry season. The invasive species, L. leucocephala, maintained its water potential and photosynthetic capacity during dry season at relatively higher levels, exhibiting its strong competitive capability.
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Starheim, Colette Christiane Angela. "Regional scale tree-ring reconstructions of hydroclimate dynamics and Pacific salmon abundance in west central British Columbia." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3362.
Full textAbstract:
Long-duration records are necessary to understand and assess the long-term dynamics of natural systems. The purpose of this research was to use dendrochronologic modelling to construct proxy histories of hydroclimatic conditions and Pacific salmon abundance in west central British Columbia. A multi-species regional network of tree ring-width and ring-density measurements was established from new and archived tree-ring chronologies. These chronologies were then used in multivariate linear regression models to construct proxy records of nival river discharge, summer temperature, end-of-winter snow-water equivalent (SWE), the winter Pacific North America pattern (PNA) and Pacific salmon abundance.
All proxy hydroclimate records provide information back to 1660 AD. Reconstructions of July-August mean runoff for the Skeena and Atnarko rivers describe below average conditions during the early- to mid-1700s and parts of the early-, mid- and late-1900s. Models describe intervals of above average river discharge during the late-1600s, the early-1700s and 1800s, and parts of the early- and mid-1900s. Fluctuations in proxy reconstructions of July-August mean temperature for Wistaria and Tatlayoko Lake, May 1 SWE at Mount Cronin and Tatlayoko Lake and October-February PNA occurred in near synchrony with the shifts described in runoff records. Episodes of above average runoff were typically associated with periods of enhanced end-of-winter SWE, below average summer temperature and positive winter PNA.
A history of Pacific salmon abundance was reconstructed for four species of salmon (chinook, sockeye, chum and pink) that migrate to coastal watersheds of west central British Columbia. Proxy records vary in length and extend from 1400 AD, 1536 AD and 1638 AD to present. Salmon abundance reconstructions varied throughout the past six centuries and described significant collapse in population levels during the early-1400s, the late-1500s, the mid-1600s, the early-1700s, the early-1800s and parts of the 1900s.
Wavelet analyses of reconstructed hydroclimate and salmon population records revealed low- and high-frequency cycles in the data. Correlation analyses related reconstructions to atmospheric teleconnection indices describing variability in North Pacific sea surface temperatures and the Aleutian Low pressure centre. To a lesser degree, relationships were also established between reconstructions and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Results thus confirm the long-term influence of large-scale ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns on hydroclimate and Pacific salmon abundance in west central British Columbia.
The reconstructions introduced in this thesis provide insights about the long-term dynamics of the west central British Columbia environment. Several reconstructions presented in this thesis provide novel contributions to dendrohydroclimatic and paleoecologic research in Pacific North America. Proxy runoff records for the Skeena and Atnarko rivers are the first to be constructed for nival-regime basins in British Columbia. The models of Skeena River runoff and Mount Cronin SWE are additionally the first reconstructions of runoff and snowpack in Pacific North America based on a ring-density chronology, demonstrating the significant contribution that wood density measurements can make to dendrohydroclimate research. The models of Pacific salmon stocks are the first to utilize climate-sensitive tree-ring records to construct a history of regional salmon abundance and thus represent a significant advancement to paleoecological modelling.Graduate
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Chang, Shin-Chen, and 張世振. "Relationships between tree ring width change and climate at Ta-Wu mountain areain the south-west Taiwan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66713978024542131977.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔英科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
94
Abstract Ring-width chronologies of Taiwania cryptomerioides and Taiwania hemlock from Bai-Ta-Wu and Great Ghost Lake in south-west Taiwan were developed. Ring-width chronologies of Taiwania cryptomerioides were significantly correlated with the previous winter temperature (previous November to January) and plum rains (May to June) respectively. Ring-width RES chronology was correlated with the August-October temperature. Ring-width chronologies of Taiwania hemlock were significantly correlated with August-September temperature. The August-September temperature reconstructions form T. hemlock indicated that the cooler periods during late-17th, late-19th and mid-20th century, and the warmer periods during early-17th and early-20th century. The ring-width chronologies of Taiwania cryptomerioides and Taiwania hemlock also show that larger ring-width index values are associated with El Niño events, whereas narrower ring-widths are associated with La Niño events. The results also show that the ring-width chronologies of two species were not only influenced by the climatic factors, but also by the disturbance of January maximum sustained wind speed.
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-Shan, Hua, and 蔡華山. "An Evaluation Model for Tree-Planting for Scenic Highways --Study of Southern Section of West Coast Highway." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15339136471349155733.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
營建工程所
96
Road construction leads to shortened distances between urban and rural areas and contributes to economic development and social progress. However, it has a harmful effect on the natural environment and landscape along the route. Together with rising income and broadening outlook, society’s road needs are no longer limited to attaining transport functions but widened to include considerations of landscape, environment, and ecological conservation as well. Trees by the roadside are very important for the design of road landscape. Through proper planning, they not only bring about better views and improved environments affected by traffic but also comprise green corridors that connect ecosystems in the countryside and cities, resulting in an overall upgrading of the surroundings and changing the image of roads for the better. Through a study in the literature, this research compiled a list of ten factors that influence the effectiveness of tree planting in coastal areas: soil conditions, weather, location, suitable species, quality of sapling, transplanting, correct season, protection measures, and maintenance. A questionnaire survey of experts involving the analytical hierarchy process method was conducted to obtain the weights for each of these factors. Through statistical analyses, the four most important factors found are soil conditions (0.235), weather (0.190), location (0.082), and suitable tree species (0.210), having a total weight of 0.717. Then, based on the relative weights of these four factors, a fuzzy evaluation model was proposed. Real cases were used to illustrate the model and to establish the minimum acceptance score for tree planting in coastal highways, which sets a basis of effectiveness prediction and provides a reference for both designers and contractors in decision making for greening and landscaping.
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Verbree, Cheryl. "Soil and Mold Influences on Fe and Zn Concentrations of Sorghum Grain in Mali, West Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11523.
Full textAbstract:
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies affect an estimated 3 billion people worldwide and are linked with cognitive and physical impairments, maternal and child mortality rates, and decreased adult work activity. To combat this "hidden" hunger, plant breeders in Mali are working to increase sorghum grain Fe and Zn concentrations. The objective of this study was to investigate soil and mold influences that affect Fe and Zn uptake and accumulation in sorghum grain. In southern Mali, soils from participatory sorghum variety trials and areas of different parent material and proximity to Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) trees were analyzed for diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Zn and related soil properties, and sorghum grain was analyzed for Zn concentration. An inoculation trial was also performed at College Station, TX to determine if sorghum grain infected by the mold Curvularia lunata significantly increased grain Fe concentrations.
DTPA-extractable Zn concentration was highly variable with high concentrations found in soils under Shea tree canopies with high pH and organic carbon and derived from mafic, high Zn-content parent material. However, these high concentrations did not significantly affect grain Zn concentrations in sorghum grown outside of the canopy. Groundnut grown underneath the canopy is likely to be affected and warrants further investigation. In many cases, soil DTPA-extractable Zn concentrations were at deficient levels, thus hampering its correlation to sorghum grain Zn concentration and potentially limiting the expression of genetic Zn biofortification. Knowledge of soil DTPA-extractable Zn concentrations or basic soil properties such as pH, organic carbon, and soil parent material may aid in the location of suitable available Zn fields and overall biofortification efforts.
Grain Fe concentration was not significantly related to Curvularia lunata percent recovery or grain mold rating, but instead showed a relatively high variance by panicle, digestion batch, and grain subsample. Additional work is needed to address these sources of Fe variation so as to determine better if mold affects grain Fe concentrations.
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Earnshaw, Jacob Thomas Kinze. "Cultural forests of the Southern Nuu-chah-nulth: historical ecology and salvage archaeology on Vancouver Island's West Coast." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7291.
Full textAbstract:
Cedar, represented by Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) and Yellow Cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) was known as the “Tree of Life” to the Nuu-chah-nulth on Vancouver Island’s west coast, and most other groups of the Pacific Northwest. This thesis investigates the Culturally Modified Trees (CMTs), or more specifically Tapered Bark Strips (TBS), created through the extraction of cedar bark removed for all manner of material goods. CMTs are now the most common archaeological site type within British Columbia. Current regional chronologies have inherent biases that make interpretations difficult. The chronologies created through Archaeological Impact Assessments (AIAs) are weighted heavily to the contact period and the highest frequency of use corresponds with indigenous population collapse rather than peak. Investigations are made into the true distribution of existing CMT features.
This thesis details the survey of 16 recent old growth cedar clearcuts which found extensive unrecorded CMT features that have recently been logged throughout the southern Nuu-chah-nulth study region. Half of all TBS scars in exposed stumps were found embedded within healed trees, otherwise invisible to archaeologists. Comparing all AIA report dates (surveyed prior to logging activity) with all post-impact assessments surveys it was found the latter contain a greater and older distribution of scarring events corresponding to high First Nations populations before the contact period. The study also compares CMT chronologies with local histories, investigates the antiquity of Northwest Coast CMTs and the indigenous management of cedar trees to maximize bark harvests. The findings of this research hint at the expanded extent of anthropogenic forests in the Northwest Coast, the inadequate recording and heritage protections of CMTs, and what it all means for Aboriginal Land Rights in British Columbia.Graduate
0324 0740 0329
kinze.earnshaw@gmail.com