Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Truies – Lésions et blessures'
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Grégoire, Julie. "Évaluation et quantification des troubles locomoteurs chez la truie reproductrice." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28465/28465.pdf.
Full textGagné, Mathieu, and Mathieu Gagné. "Validation statistique de mesures de gravité des traumatismes craniocérébraux basées sur la classification internationale des maladies." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28113.
Full textTableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2016-2017.
La Classification internationale des maladies (CIM) est le principal système de classification utilisé pour les activités de surveillance des blessures, mais ne contient pas d’information directe sur la gravité des blessures. Des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM peuvent être dérivées empiriquement ou appariées, mais aucune approche n’a été formellement recommandée, notamment pour les traumatismes craniocérébraux (TCC). Deux études ont été menées afin de combler cette lacune. L’objectif de la première étude consistait à examiner de manière systématique les résultats des études qui ont évalué les performances des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière chez les blessés hospitalisés. Cet examen systématique suggère que les mesures de gravité des blessures dérivées empiriquement des codes CIM procurent des capacités de discrimination supérieures à celle des autres candidats examinés. L’ICISS-Multiplicative et le TMPM-ICD offrent une capacité de discrimination plus élevée que les autres mesures considérées. L’objectif de la seconde étude était de comparer la validité prédictive des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC au Québec. Nos résultats indiquent que les mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM affichent une validité acceptable pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC. De manière générale, l’ICISS-Multiplicative a surclassé les autres candidats pour prédire la mortalité à l’hôpital et les admissions en unité de soins intensifs. Sur la base des résultats de ces deux études, nous recommandons que l’ICISS-Multiplicative soit utilisé pour calculer la gravité des TCC dans les bases de données médico-administratives dans lesquelles les diagnostics sont codifiés à l’aide de la CIM.
La Classification internationale des maladies (CIM) est le principal système de classification utilisé pour les activités de surveillance des blessures, mais ne contient pas d’information directe sur la gravité des blessures. Des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM peuvent être dérivées empiriquement ou appariées, mais aucune approche n’a été formellement recommandée, notamment pour les traumatismes craniocérébraux (TCC). Deux études ont été menées afin de combler cette lacune. L’objectif de la première étude consistait à examiner de manière systématique les résultats des études qui ont évalué les performances des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière chez les blessés hospitalisés. Cet examen systématique suggère que les mesures de gravité des blessures dérivées empiriquement des codes CIM procurent des capacités de discrimination supérieures à celle des autres candidats examinés. L’ICISS-Multiplicative et le TMPM-ICD offrent une capacité de discrimination plus élevée que les autres mesures considérées. L’objectif de la seconde étude était de comparer la validité prédictive des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC au Québec. Nos résultats indiquent que les mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM affichent une validité acceptable pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC. De manière générale, l’ICISS-Multiplicative a surclassé les autres candidats pour prédire la mortalité à l’hôpital et les admissions en unité de soins intensifs. Sur la base des résultats de ces deux études, nous recommandons que l’ICISS-Multiplicative soit utilisé pour calculer la gravité des TCC dans les bases de données médico-administratives dans lesquelles les diagnostics sont codifiés à l’aide de la CIM.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the main classification system used for the injury surveillance activities, but contains no direct information on the severity of injuries. ICD-based injury severity measures can be derived empirically or mapped to the Abbreviated Injury Scale, but no approach has been formally recommended, in particular for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two studies were conducted to fill this gap. The objective of the first study was to systematically review the results of studies that have evaluated the performance of the ICD-based injury severity measures to predict in-hospital mortality among injury-related patients. The results of this systematic review suggest that injury severity measures empirically derived from ICD codes provided superior discriminative performance than other mapped candidates. ICISS-Multiplicative and TMPM-ICD predict mortality more accurately than other ICD-based measures. The objective of the second study was to compare the accuracy of ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in TBI patients. Our results indicate that all ICD-based injury severity measures showed acceptable discrimination for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission in TBI patients. ICISS-Multiplicative had generally higher predictive accuracy than alternative ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission. Based on the results of these two studies, we recommend that the ICISS-Multiplicative should be used for TBI severity adjustment in large routinely collected administrative data where TBI are coded with ICD.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the main classification system used for the injury surveillance activities, but contains no direct information on the severity of injuries. ICD-based injury severity measures can be derived empirically or mapped to the Abbreviated Injury Scale, but no approach has been formally recommended, in particular for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two studies were conducted to fill this gap. The objective of the first study was to systematically review the results of studies that have evaluated the performance of the ICD-based injury severity measures to predict in-hospital mortality among injury-related patients. The results of this systematic review suggest that injury severity measures empirically derived from ICD codes provided superior discriminative performance than other mapped candidates. ICISS-Multiplicative and TMPM-ICD predict mortality more accurately than other ICD-based measures. The objective of the second study was to compare the accuracy of ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in TBI patients. Our results indicate that all ICD-based injury severity measures showed acceptable discrimination for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission in TBI patients. ICISS-Multiplicative had generally higher predictive accuracy than alternative ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission. Based on the results of these two studies, we recommend that the ICISS-Multiplicative should be used for TBI severity adjustment in large routinely collected administrative data where TBI are coded with ICD.
Boutin, Amélie. "Stratégies transfusionnelles chez les victimes de traumatismes craniocérébraux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31250.
Full textOptimal red blood cell transfusion practices remain unclear for patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries. Considering evidences are lacking and scientific experts have expressed divergent opinions, we conducted a systematic review and two cohort studies to evaluate red blood cell transfusion practices in this population. These three studies had for objective to describe red blood cell transfusions frequency, to evaluate potential determinants and to estimate the association between red blood cell transfusions and clinical outcomes, such as mortality. The systematic review allowed to synthetize knowledge currently available in published studies regarding red blood cell transfusion. We observed a high frequency of transfusion across studies, with 36% (95%CI 28 to 44; 23 studies) being transfused at some point during hospital stay. Reported hemoglobin thresholds varied between 60 and 100 g/L. Few studies evaluated potential determinants. No significant difference in mortality between patients who received transfusion or not was observed. However, lenght of stay were longer following transfusions. Our canadian multicenter cohort study highlighted the variability in transfusionnal practices across the country, with transfusion frequencies varying from16 to 35% (mean 28%, 95%CI 27 to 29%). We identified serious extracerebral traumas and anemia as major determinants of transfusions. We also observed an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes (mortality, complications, lenght of stay) in patients who were transfused compared to those who were not, in adjusted statistical models. Our provincial cohort study, using hospital laboratory and pathology data, allowed to characterize the evolution of hemoglobin levels over intensive care unit stay, as well as transfusion practices. We observed a median pre-transfusional hemoglobin level of 81 g/L (IQR 67 to 100). After adjustment, unfavorable outcomes were significantly more frequent in transfused patients than non transfused. We observed a non significant trend toward higher risk ratios of unfavorable outcomes after transfusions in strata of patients with higher hemoglobin levels in most models.
Armion, Clifford Jean Julien. "Le langage des blessures chez Shakespeare." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_armion_c.pdf.
Full textBased on a careful study of the medical, religious and artistic background of Elizabethan England, this thesis means to shed light on the symbolism of wounds in Shakespearian drama and poetry. The tearing or puncturing of the skin is to be considered as a form of linguistic communication obeying to a number of rules and uses. Depending on its place and shape, a wound can signify military glory or cowardice, purification through sacrifice or the dereliction of the murdered body. Beyond this complex symbolism, gashes and the blood flowing from them can also be a means for the playwright to involve his audience in a dramatic experience of participation. Eventually, wounds will be analysed as a non-cultural symbol, the meaning of which is deeply rooted in the collective unconscious
Korkmaz, Sevil Céline. "Etudes fonctionnelles des altérations vasculaires induites par les inhibiteurs de phosphodiestérases de type 4 chez le rat." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3805.
Full textPhosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE4i), which are drugs of major interest in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, induce paradoxically inflammatory vascular lesions in rat which may be related to excessive vasodilatation. To support this hypothesis, three functional approaches in pharmacology in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo were used, focused on mesenteric vascular bed properties. The mesenteric vasculature is particularly sensitive to the vasodilatory properties of PDE4i and a relaxation more important to PDE4i compared to PDE3i was highlighted on mesenteric artery in vitro. Ex vivo studies show that smooth muscular cells were altered 16h after treatment by PDE4i. In vivo studies show 4h after treatment an increase in mesenteric blood flow by vasodilatation. These data support the hypothesis that hemodynamic alterations could contribute to vascular lesions induced by supra-pharmacologic doses of PDE4i
Labe, Alice. "Etude des mécanismes lésionnels de la région abdomino-pelvienne : applications à la traumatologie virtuelle et à la sécurité routière." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22031.pdf.
Full textPelvic and abdominal segments are high complex mechanical structures. Tissues which it contains are very different in terms of composition, mechanical function or mobility. Pelvic or abdominal traumatisms are a frequent pathology mainly due to motor vehicles accidents. The proximity of rigid structures, vital organs and a rich vascularization is considered as a worsening factor. Pelvic fractures and organ lacerations often cause severe haemorrhages leading to a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is vital to clearly understand how such traumatisms initiate and propagate in order to develop effective treatment methods. Finite element models are very attractive candidates for such tasks because of their apparent advantages against experimental methods. The model we have chosen to develop should be a graphical and a mechanical tool which could reproduce injury mechanisms of the pelvis and the abdomen in crash situations. Developing finite element models able to perform such tasks is not trivial. Firstly, one needs a model that accurately reflects the geometry and material properties of the human abdominal and pelvic segments. Particularly, the model should integrate a realistic venous and arterial system. Moreover, mechanical properties should be adapted as well as interactions and dynamic effects. The model geometry was obtained by using a semi-automatic CT-scan image segmentation technique. The model is made of more than 2 million elements, composed of triangular and tetrahedron elements. Element size was set between 1 and 2 mm as a compromise between accuracy (to describe macroscopic failure processes) and computation time (constraints imposed by the solver). Material cards are defined on mechanical data accessible from the literature and on experimental tests able to characterise human biological behaviour tissues. Then, the model should be rigorously validated with experimental measures. Impact simulations on the pelvis highlighted a high complex mechanical behaviour. Realistic failure profiles were obtained which allowed to evaluate pelvic traumatisms. Tolerance thresholds were defined on experimental tests realised on isolated organs. Finally, real crash situations were reproduced with frontal and lateral simulations on the whole model. Results are first compared with experimental data. Then, larger analyses offer data which would not have been accessible experimentally : an injury chronology and an injury evaluation on all abdominal and pelvic organs
Ruel-Laliberté, Jessica. "L'effet de l'âge des culots globulaires transfusés sur le pronostic neurologique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral ABLE-tbi." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67919.
Full textIntroduction: Anemia is frequent in critically ill patients with traumatic brain (TBI), often leading to red blood cells (RBC) transfusions. RBC prolonged storage may cause a decreased ability to carry oxygen. Considering the susceptibility of the brain to hypoxemia, the age of RBC transfused to TBI patients may have an impact on outcomes. Methods: We conducted an a priori planned analysis of the TBI patients enrolled (n=217) in the ABLE study, a large multicenter RCT comparing the use of fresh blood to the use of standard issued blood in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Our primary outcome measure was the Glasgow Outcome Scale extended (GOSe); secondary outcomes were ICU, hospital and 6-month mortality. Results: Patient characteristics were comparable between groups. In the fresh group, 73.1% of the patients had an unfavourable neurological outcome (GOSe ≤ 4) as compared to 64.5% in the standard group (P = 0.21). We observed no overall effect of fresh red blood cells on neurologic outcome (OR 1.34 [0.72-2.50]; P = 0.35) but observed differences across prognostic bands with a decreased odds of unfavourable outcome in patients with the best prognosis at baseline (OR 0.33 [0.11-0.96] P = 0.04) but an increased odds in those with intermediate and worst baseline prognosis (OR 5.88 [1.66-20.81]; P = 0.006 and 1.67[0.53-5.30] P = 0.38), respectively. Conclusion: Overall, transfusion of fresh red blood cells was not associated with a better neurological outcome at 6 months. However, we cannot exclude a differential effect according to the patient baseline prognosis.
Pech-Gourg, Laurent. "Troubles digestifs et sports." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11211.
Full textPoisson, Philippe. "Protection intra-buccale : épidémiologie-évaluation biomécanique et physiologique." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21247.
Full textAssy, Coralie. "L'intensité d'utilisation des ressources pour les hospitalisations suite à un traumatisme cranio-cérébral : étude de cohorte multicentrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35010.
Full textWithin universal health systems, the lack of information regarding resource utilisation for acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) care impedes efforts to improve the quality and efficiency of care in this patient population. To address this knowledge gap, a multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in the province of Quebec. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the inter-hospital variation in resource use for TBI admissions, identify patient-level determinants of resource use intensity and evaluate the association between hospital resource use and clinical outcomes for TBI admissions. We included all patients aged 16 and over hospitalized following a TBI in any of 57 the adult trauma centers in Quebec between 2013 and 2016. Overall, the inter-hospital variation in resource use was statically significant. However, when we stratified by activity centers, the operating room and para-clinical services had the highest inter-hospital variations. Inter-hospital variation was greater for patients under 65 years of age and those with severe TBI. Comorbidities, anatomical injury severity, and a transfer to long-term center care following hospital discharge were identified as determinants of high resource use intensity. On a hospital level, high resource use was associated with a low incidence of mortality but a high incidence of complications. This study advances knowledge on resource use in TBI populations. However, further studies should be conducted to determine the factors responsible for inter-hospital variations in resource use including process of care, physician characteristics and trauma center structure.
Deroche, Thomas. "Facteurs de vulnérabilité et de protection face au risque de blessures dans les activités physiques et le sport." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA113003.
Full textWhether people sustain sport injury well depend on their involvement in healthy versus risky behaviors. Several models of health behavior, such as the health belief model (Becker & Maiman, 1975), which holds the role of psychological factors in shaping health behaviors, could provide information about the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of sport injury. This doctoral dissertation aims at testing and enriching these models in sport context. It highlights that risky behaviors such as playing through the pain barrier (study 1), or preventive behaviors such as wearing protective gears are linked with some psychological factors working together: risk perceptions, i. E. The individual belief about the probability that a sport injury will be experienced and about the severity of this injury (study 2); behavioral beliefs, i. E. Personal attitudes and subjective norms towards the behavior considered (study 3). Personality factors seem also crucial in shaping health behaviors because their links with attitudes (study 3) and perceived susceptibility to sport-related injury (study 4 and 5). Finally, athletes’ perception of the injury risk characteristics, the use of cognitive heuristics and personality all influence perceived vulnerability (study 5). These additional factors are likely to expand models of health behavior and could enhance their predictive utility
Loignon, Alexandra, and Alexandra Loignon. "Taux de comorbidité du traumatisme cranio-cérébral et du trouble de stress post-traumatique chez les civils et les militaires : une méta-analyse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37479.
Full textLa fréquence et les facteurs de risque entourant le développement d’un trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) après un traumatisme cranio-cérébral (TCC) sont méconnus. Étant davantage disposés à subir des blessures physiques et à vivre des expériences potentiellement traumatiques, les militaires pourraient être plus à risque de présenter la comorbidité TCC-TSPT. Le présent mémoire vise à documenter la fréquence du TSPT après un TCC, les mécanismes expliquant le développement de cette double condition, ses particularités symptomatologiques ainsi que les conditions la favorisant. Une recension systématique et une méta-analyse ont été réalisées pour déterminer si les adultes ayant subi un TCC présentent plus de risque de développer un TSPT que ceux sans TCC ayant vécu une expérience similaire, et si ce risque est plus élevé chez les militaires comparativement aux civils. Un objectif secondaire vise à déterminer les facteurs augmentant les risques de présenter ce double diagnostic. Les résultats de la méta-analyse de 33 études suggèrent que le risque de TSPT est 2,68 fois plus élevé (27%) après un TCC qu’en l’absence d’une telle blessure (11%). De plus, les militaires avec un TCC présentent 4,18 fois plus de TSPT (37%) que ceux sans TCC, comparativement à 1,26 pour les civils (16%). Le risque de présenter le double diagnostic varie selon la méthodologie des études (objectifs liés au TSPT, groupe de comparaison) et les caractéristiques spécifiques des participants (pays d’origine, sexe, type d’événement traumatique). La présence d’un TCC représente un facteur de risque pour le développement d’un TSPT, et ce, spécialement chez les militaires et les vétérans. La cooccurrence de ces deux troubles complique le portrait des patients, la charge des proches et le travail des cliniciens. Ce double diagnostic requière une collaboration interdisciplinaire étant donné la complexité du portrait des personnes ayant été soumises à un trauma autant physique que psychologique.
The risk of developing a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the factors that may affect the manifestation of both disorders in a same individual remain to be clarified. Military personnel (including veterans who have been active members) are at higher risk of physical injuries and exposure to potentially traumatic events and could be particularly susceptible to display the TBI-PTSD comorbidity. This dissertation aims to depict the frequency of PTSD after TBI, the mechanisms behind the development of this dual diagnosis, its symptomatic particularities and risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine if adults with TBI are at greater risk of developing PTSD than other trauma-exposed populations, and if this risk is even greater in military than in civilian populations. A secondary aim was to determine the factors that increase the probability to experience PTSD after TBI. Results from the 33 studies that were included in this meta-analysis suggest that the risk of developing PTSD is 2.68 times greater (27%) after TBI than when there is no such head injury (11%). Moreover, individuals with TBI are 4.18 times more likely to have a diagnosis of PTSD than those without TBI when they are in the military (37%), compared with 1.26 for civilians (16%). The risk of PTSD after TBI is concurrently attributable to the methods of the included studies (objectives focused on PTSD diagnosis, type of comparison group) and to participants’ characteristics (country, sex, type of traumatic event). TBI diagnosis represents greater risk for PTSD, especially in military and veteran settings. The dual diagnosis of TBI and PTSD complicates the patients’ portrait, the burden of the caregivers and the clinicians’ work. The combination of these disorders requires an interdisciplinary collaboration, as physical and psychological traumas are closely intertwined.
The risk of developing a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the factors that may affect the manifestation of both disorders in a same individual remain to be clarified. Military personnel (including veterans who have been active members) are at higher risk of physical injuries and exposure to potentially traumatic events and could be particularly susceptible to display the TBI-PTSD comorbidity. This dissertation aims to depict the frequency of PTSD after TBI, the mechanisms behind the development of this dual diagnosis, its symptomatic particularities and risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine if adults with TBI are at greater risk of developing PTSD than other trauma-exposed populations, and if this risk is even greater in military than in civilian populations. A secondary aim was to determine the factors that increase the probability to experience PTSD after TBI. Results from the 33 studies that were included in this meta-analysis suggest that the risk of developing PTSD is 2.68 times greater (27%) after TBI than when there is no such head injury (11%). Moreover, individuals with TBI are 4.18 times more likely to have a diagnosis of PTSD than those without TBI when they are in the military (37%), compared with 1.26 for civilians (16%). The risk of PTSD after TBI is concurrently attributable to the methods of the included studies (objectives focused on PTSD diagnosis, type of comparison group) and to participants’ characteristics (country, sex, type of traumatic event). TBI diagnosis represents greater risk for PTSD, especially in military and veteran settings. The dual diagnosis of TBI and PTSD complicates the patients’ portrait, the burden of the caregivers and the clinicians’ work. The combination of these disorders requires an interdisciplinary collaboration, as physical and psychological traumas are closely intertwined.
Dubosq, Annie. "Les traumatismes sportifs chez les enfants : étude analytique et épidémiologique à partir de 149 cas d'hospitalisation recensés lors de l'année 1988 dans le service de chirurgie infantile du CHU de Caen." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3019.
Full textHamy, Barbara. "Les lésions encéphaliques aiguës chez les boxeurs : étude médico-légale : à propos d'une observation anatomo-clinique." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUEM008.
Full textMercier, Éric. "La valeur pronostique de la protéine S-100B et de l'énolase neurone-spécifique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral modéré ou grave : revues systématiques et méta-analyses." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26963.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to determine the prognostic value of S-100ß protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) following a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two systematic reviews and meta-analysis were performed to find the studies having evaluated the link between a level of those biomarkers and the mortality or the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Of the 9228 citations, 41 and 26 studies were finally included respectively for S-100ß protein and NSE. We observed a significant association between blood levels of S-100ß protein and NSE and an unfavorable outcome such as the mortality or the GOS ≤ 3. A 100% specificity serum level threshold for mortality was between 1.38 to 10.50 µg/L for the S-100ß protein. The association showed consistent results despite the presence of significant extracranial injuries.
Faure, Sylvane. "Processus lexicosémantiques et hémisphère cérébral droit : dysfonctionnements et potentialités après lésions cérébrales." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10032.
Full textAzzi, Roméo. "Les traumatismes duodéno-pancréatiques fermés : à propos de deux observations." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11013.
Full textJavouhey, Etienne. "Enfants victimes de l'insécurité routière : épidémiologie des traumatismes et séquelles." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10001.
Full textRobin, Christophe François. "Lésions de la coiffe des rotateurs chez le paraplégique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M026.
Full textVinit, Stéphane. "Plasticité post-lésionnelle du réseau nerveux respiratoire : analyse fonctionnelle et moléculaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30073.
Full textThis doctoral work focuses on anatomo-functional and/or molecular plasticity processes after unilateral high spinal cord injury leading to respiratory deficit. A spinal cord injury restricted to the lateral area was sufficient to abolish hemidiaphragm activity. However, after short post-lesional time-lapse (7 days), an ipsilateral phrenic activity was detected that depends on crossed spinal pathways located laterally in the contralateral spinal cord and on ipsilateral afferents. After 3 months post-injury, this phrenic activity was reinforced by new active median bulbospinal pathways. At the molecular level, the respiratory axotomized neurons (and some non-axotomized neurons) express c-Jun after a spinal cord injury, revealing an intrinsic plasticity potential. Around the spinal injury, the levels of plasticity associated proteins (GAP-43 and BDNF) decreased. These results demonstrate that the respiratory system is endowed with an important plasticity potential after spinal cord injury with interesting potentialities for testing repair strategies
Marjoux, Daniel. "Mécanismes de lésion de la tête humaine en situation de choc." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MARJOUX_Daniel_2006.pdf.
Full textHerzhaft, Laurent. "Ruptures et perforations de l'oesophage." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3068.
Full textRousseaux, Marc. "L'amnésie des lésions thalamiques unilatérales." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0303.
Full textThe concept of thalamic amnesia has been founded on the description of amnesic syndromes associated to selective uni ou bilateral lesions, and by the description of the lesions associated to the korsakoff syndrome (dorso-median nucleus). However, several incertainties persist. They concern the main anatomo-clinical correlations (left or right, antero-internal or postero-external lesions), the influence of the associated cognitive deficits, the possible selectivity of amnesia. Those problems were investigated in thirteen patients with unilateral vascular lesion. The main results are the following. 1- obvious cognitive deficits are associated to left and right lesions, more severe in the first ones, with the exception of the primary attention and spatial data treatment. Deficits are also more severe in antero internal lesions. 2- cognitive troubles include attention, reasoning and concept formation, spatial data treatment, and more discreetly language, in his lexical and supra segmentary (discourse) aspects. 3- a short term memory deficit is observed, at nearly the same level than long term (anterograde) amnesia. In the "retrograde" amnesia events (temporal and spatial references) are principally affected (without temporal gradiant), semantic deficits are more discreete
Dubeau, Serge. "De la difficulté du diagnostic et du choix thérapeutique d'une lésion musculaire chez le sportif de haut-niveau." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M116.
Full textCouture, Camille. "Étude de la guérison des plaies cornéennes in vitro et in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70365.
Full textThe cornea is a unique tissue due to its transparency, a crucial feature allowing proper light transmission to the retina. However, because of its position at the outer surface of the eye, the cornea is subjected to traumas that may alter vision quality. Such traumas may affect the capacity of corneal stem cells to regenerate the tissue. In that case, visual acuity is greatly reduced or even abolished. Corneal wound healing is a complex process that involves extracellular matrix remodeling as well as many cellular processes such as migration, proliferation, differentiation and cell-cell communication. The goal of this thesis was to study the molecular and cellular processes that occur during corneal wound healing. To do so, human tissue-engineered corneas as well as primary corneal cells cultivated as monolayers were used to study corneal wound healing. Using these in vitro models, we established that corneal wound healing processes could be significantly accelerated by inhibiting the protein CREB while activating the protein AKT. The pharmacological agents used were C646, a CREB inhibitor, and SC79, an AKT agonist. These pharmacological agents were also used in vivo in a rabbit wound model. After establishing the best method for creating reproducible corneal wounds, we showed that the lowest concentrations of C464 and SC79 tend to accelerate the healing. As exosomes are well known to participate in cell-cell communication during wound healing, we isolated these small extracellular vesicles secreted by either corneal epithelial cells, corneal fibroblasts and corneal endothelial cells. Their impact on the corneal wound healing process was therefore investigated. Taken together, the results presented in this thesis lead to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular processes that take place during corneal wound healing. Based on these novel and promising results, we worked on the development of an innovative treatment that may significantly reduce the wound healing time and therefore the risk of complications. This new therapeutic approach is an encouraging opportunity to improve the treatment currently offered to patients suffering from corneal wounds.
Hugard, Daniel. "Prévention et traitement des lésions maxillo-faciales dues aux radiations ionisantes." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11001.
Full textWarlop, Florent. "Ischémie digitale et volley-ball : à propos d'une observation. Enquête en milieu sportif et revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M168.
Full textSilvestre, de Ferron Pierre. "Les lésions oesogastroduodénales après ingestion d'eau de Javel." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3514.
Full textFredette, Anny, and Anny Fredette. "La présentation clinique et le profil de course d'un échantillon de militaires présentant des douleurs aux membres inférieurs lors de la course à pied." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38222.
Full textIntroduction: L’incidence annuelle des blessures à la course à pied est élevée et l’influence des paramètres d’entrainement sur le développement des blessures demeure incertaine. Objectifs: 1) Décrire la présentation clinique et le profil de course chez des militaires présentant des douleurs aux membres inférieurs (MIs) lors de la course à pied, 2) explorer l’association entre les changements récents des paramètres d’entrainement (volume ou intensité) et le type de diagnostic. Méthodologie: Étude descriptive transversale effectuée auprès de militaires présentant des douleurs aux MIs lors de la course à pied. Les principales mesures de résultats de l’évaluation en physiothérapie incluaient : localisation et diagnostic de blessure, paramètres d'entrainement à la course (volume, durée, fréquence, intensité) et changements récents de ces paramètres avant l’apparition de la blessure. Des analyses statistiques descriptives, des tests de Khi-carré et des analyses de correspondances multiples ont été effectuées. Résultats: Chez les 107 militaires inclus, les blessures étaient principalement localisées au genou (47,6%), à la jambe distale (20,6%) et au pied/orteils (16,8%). Les diagnostics plus fréquents étaient: syndrome fémoropatellaire (26,2%), périostite (11,2%), fasciite plantaire (9,3%). Près de la moitié des participants couraient moins de 15 kilomètres/semaine et la majorité couraient moins de 2 heures/semaine (62,6%). La majorité des particiants ont rapporté des changements récents dans leurs paramètres d’entrainement (75,7%) qui ont précédé l’apparition de la blessure. Aucune association n’a été identifiée entre la présence d’un changement récent du volume de course (c2(4)=2,849; p=, 606), ou de l’intensité (c2(4)=1,381; p=, 855) et le diagnostic. Conclusion: Dans cette étude, les blessures étaient surtout localisées au genou ou à la jambe distale et le diagnostic le plus fréquent était le syndrome fémoropatellaire. La majorité des coureurs ont rapporté des changements récents dans leurs paramètres d’entrainement qui ont précédé l’apparition de la blessure, mais le type de changement récent n'était pas associé au diagnostic.
Background: The yearly incidence of running-related injuries (RRIs) is high and the influence of running parameters on the development of injury is unclear. Objectives: 1) Describe the clinical presentation and running profile among military members who presented lower limb running-related pain, and 2) explore any association between recent changes in running parameters (volume or intensity) and specific RRI diagnoses. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on military members who presented lower limb running-related pain. The main outcome measures collected during a physiotherapy evaluation were: injury location and diagnosis, running parameters (volume, duration, frequency, intensity) including recent changes in training prior to injury onset. Descriptive statistical analyses, chi-square tests and multiple correspondence analysis were conducted. Results: Among the 107 participants included in the study, most injuries were located at the knee (47.6%), lower leg (20.6%) or foot/toe (16.8%). The most common diagnoses were patellofemoral pain (26.2%), medial tibial stress syndrome (11.2%) and plantar fasciopathy (9.3%). Nearly half of the participants ran less than 15 km per week and most runners ran less than 2 hours/week (70.5%). The majority of participants reported recent changes in their training parameters (75.7%) prior to injury onset. No association was found between recent changes in running volume ((χ2(4) =2.849; p=0.606), or intensity ((χ2(4) =1.381; p=0.855)) and the diagnosis. Conclusion: The most common injuries were located at the knee or lower leg and the most frequent diagnosis was patellofemoral pain. The majority of runners reported previous RRI, as well as recent changes in their running parameters just prior to injury onset, but unique types of recent changes were not associated with specific diagnoses
Background: The yearly incidence of running-related injuries (RRIs) is high and the influence of running parameters on the development of injury is unclear. Objectives: 1) Describe the clinical presentation and running profile among military members who presented lower limb running-related pain, and 2) explore any association between recent changes in running parameters (volume or intensity) and specific RRI diagnoses. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on military members who presented lower limb running-related pain. The main outcome measures collected during a physiotherapy evaluation were: injury location and diagnosis, running parameters (volume, duration, frequency, intensity) including recent changes in training prior to injury onset. Descriptive statistical analyses, chi-square tests and multiple correspondence analysis were conducted. Results: Among the 107 participants included in the study, most injuries were located at the knee (47.6%), lower leg (20.6%) or foot/toe (16.8%). The most common diagnoses were patellofemoral pain (26.2%), medial tibial stress syndrome (11.2%) and plantar fasciopathy (9.3%). Nearly half of the participants ran less than 15 km per week and most runners ran less than 2 hours/week (70.5%). The majority of participants reported recent changes in their training parameters (75.7%) prior to injury onset. No association was found between recent changes in running volume ((χ2(4) =2.849; p=0.606), or intensity ((χ2(4) =1.381; p=0.855)) and the diagnosis. Conclusion: The most common injuries were located at the knee or lower leg and the most frequent diagnosis was patellofemoral pain. The majority of runners reported previous RRI, as well as recent changes in their running parameters just prior to injury onset, but unique types of recent changes were not associated with specific diagnoses
Luxembourger, Olivier. "Traumatismes hépatiques : principes diagnostiques et thérapeutiques actuels d'après une revue de la littérature et à propos d'une série de 61 patients." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6420.
Full textPellegrin, Philippe de. "Lésions ano-rectales graves provoquées par des suppositoires de diantalvic : revue de la littérature à propos d'une observation personnelle." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN11184.
Full textRungen, Paramasiven. "Enrichissement des modèles physique et numérique de la tête en vue de mieux représenter la cinématique cérébrale lors d'un choc." Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b00ed601-11b3-442f-848c-8e354581a8a5.
Full textCurrent scientific research have revealed the importance of brain injuries through experimental tests performed on human cadavers and animals. The main drawbacks lie in the cumbersome preparation of the subjects, the non-repetitiveness of the tests and mainly the too old age of the donors. With animal tests, we know that their morphology is totally different to human beings and it is not that simple to correlate the obtained results to human response. The experimental protocol presented in this research work is based on the development of a 2D head model. We made a physical head model where an equivalent brain is represented (silicon gel material). The head model is impact loaded in a pure rotation movement and digital image tracking is used to identify the deformation pattern induced in the equivalent brain material. Strain calculations are then made with Lagrange description so as to measure the various deformation zones. The results are used to validate corresponding 2D and 3D FE models. These models have been improved with the representation of various sub-structures (ventricles and CSF) so as to evaluate their respective influences on brain kinematics. This has led to a considerable reduction of deformation inside the brain as well as on its surface by inducing a relative movement. Finally, we have developed a motorcycle accident reconstruction methodology. An accident reconstruction which represents a motorcycle/car lateral impact has been done as well as its corresponding multibody model validated. The applied loads obtained from the dummy's head have been applied to the 3D FE head models so as to study the resulting intra-cranial head behaviour
Dupuis, Isabelle. "Atteinte des processus attentionnels et récupération fonctionnelle après lésion cérébrale." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11394.
Full textFischer, Raphaël. "Analyse vibratoire de la colonne cervicale humaine : Caractérisation et modélisation physique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/FISCHER_Raphael_2004.pdf.
Full textGodbout, Charles. "Blessures tendineuses : pistes de traitement et caractérisation du processus de réparation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26789/26789.pdf.
Full textParadis-Giroux, Andrée-Anne. "Les effets du traumatisme crânio-cérébral léger et du vieillissement normal sur les mécanismes neuronaux de l'encodage épisodique selon la charge attentionnelle : études en potentiels évoqués." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26401.
Full textWith the aging population, the incidence of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in elders will probably increase. Even though the presence of persistent cognitive disabilities after a MTBI still remain controversial, a few studies having manipulated the attentional load during encoding have detected subtle alterations of cognitive functioning several years post-MTBI. Indeed, it is currently well accepted that diagnostic tools used in clinical and research settings, such as neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging techniques, are not sufficiently sensitive to detect chronic impairments induced by MTBI. However, the event-related potentials (ERP) technique is an efficient approach to identify the neurophysiological alterations caused by MTBI. The current thesis aimed to determine the effects of divided attention (Study 1), normal aging (Study 1) and MTBI (Study 2) on the different ERP solicited during encoding. The results of Study 1 demonstrate that the addition of a secondary task during episodic encoding interfere with attentional capture of the stimulus and with efficient use of encoding strategies. Moreover, encoding under divided attention requires a greater solicitation of executive functions in order to sustain encoding in elders. This activity is not observed in young adults. In addition, the elders struggle to use encoding strategies. These findings further support the decrease of attentional resources in aging’s theory, but some executive dysfunctions were also observed. Study 2 aimed to identify the persistent effects of MTBI on ERP in encoding among elders. The results show that the elders with a MTBI have working memory impairments due to a slowed processing speed and a decline in use of compensation mechanisms, normally observed in healthy elders. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the causes of age-related memory decline and to the identification of diagnostic tools which are further sensitive to the chronic effects of MTBI. This in-depth knowledge on these effects can allow the identification of effective interventions to preserve or improve cognition in elders with or without MTBI.
Bastien, Dominic. "Rôle du récepteur purinergique P2X4R et de l'IL-1 dans la moelle épinière lésée." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25741.
Full textSpinal cord injury (SCI) leads to neuroinflammation-mediated damage and repair. The work presented in this thesis studied the cells and molecules initiating the inflammatory response in the injured spinal cord, in particular glial cells and cytokines. We investigated the role of purinergic receptor P2X4R and cytokines of the IL-1 family, IL-1α and IL-1β, in neutrophil and proinflammatory (M1) monocyte recruitment, tissue damage and locomotor function recovery after SCI. First, we showed that P2X4R is expressed in neurons of the normal spinal cord, and that activation of this receptor after SCI induces caspase-1 cleavage and production of mature IL-1β. We provided evidence that P2X4R-KO mice have impaired caspase-1 activation, resulting in decreased IL-1β levels and reduced neutrophil and M1 monocyte infiltration. Importantly, P2X4R-KO mice exhibited significant improvements in tissue sparing and locomotor behavior. These results suggest that P2X4R plays an essentiel role in neurodegeneration after SCI. Next, we showed that IL-1α is rapidly produced by microglia after SCI, and that this is followed by production of IL-1β by infiltrating neutrophils and monocyte-derived M1 macrophages. Despite the fact that the infiltration of these immune cell types was equally reduced in IL-1α-KO, IL-1β-KO and WT mice, IL-1α-KO mice exhibited significantly better locomotor recovery as early as day 1 post-SCI compared to the other two mouse lines. Transcriptome analysis of SCI tissue identifed transcripts that were specifically regulated in IL-1α-KO mice exclusively, including the neuronal survival factor TOX3. We confirmed by immunofluorescence that TOX3 is overexpressed by CC1+ oligodendrocytes from IL-1α-KO mice. These results suggest that oligodendrocytes from these mice would be less sensitive to cell death after injury, thus leading to sparing of spinal cord white matter and better functional recovery.
Crişan, Melania Ioana. "Etude échographique et anatomopathologique des lésions d'appareil fléchisseur profond du doigt dans le pied du cheval." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2077.
Full textLavoie-Dugré, Sarah. "L'influence de l'âge sur le fonctionnement psychologique à la suite d’un traumatisme crânio-cérébral (TCC) léger ou modéré/sévère chez l'adulte." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26112.
Full textJeudy-Troadec, Véronique. "L'épaule douloureuse de l'adulte : sous forme de kit d'enseignement." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23079.
Full textLussier, Jacques. "Vitesse de traitement de l'information et évaluation précoce chez les accidentés vasculaires cérébraux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ41954.pdf.
Full textEnoh, Rita. "Traumatismes dentaires et urgences médicales chez l'enfant au cabinet dentaire." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20008.
Full textDusfour, Bernard. "Les contusions du duodénum : un retard diagnostique, ses conséquences." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11145.
Full textBrudy, Véronique. "Evolution des conceptions thérapeutiques en matière de traumatisme hépatique : étude sur 80 cas aux centres hospitaliers de Montpellier et Perpignan." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11164.
Full textKovacsik, Hélène. "Apport de la tomodensitométrie tridimensionnelle dans l'exploration des traumatismes du rachis cervical en phase aigue." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11140.
Full textTestemale, Patrick. "Traumatismes oculaires par débroussailleuses : à propos de trente-cinq cas." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3076.
Full textLandois, Philippe. "Étude de la traumatologie chez 60 cavaliers de CSO de 1ère catégorie : aspects médico-légaux." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3590.
Full textMerjaneh, Mays. "Évaluation du rôle des microvésicules de myofibroblastes de plaie dans l'angiogénèse." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27763.
Full textThe healing process is complex and highly regulated by many factors. The differentiation of dermal fibroblasts (Fb) into myofibroblasts (Wmyo) is very important for wound healing. The Wmyo accelerates wound closure by their contraction. Also, these cells play a central role in the reconstruction of the extracellular matrix. Our team has already shown that Wmyo strongly stimulate angiogenesis, more than Fb and that Wmyo produce microvesicles (MVs). In literature, MVs produced by budding of the plasma membrane of the cells play a role in intercellular communication. By analyzing the proteome of these MVs, I have demonstrated that MVs contain proteins capable of stimulating angiogenesis. Our hypothesis was that MVs produced by Wmyo could influence angiogenesis. Our objectives were to evaluate the role of MV produced by Wmyo on angiogenesis by evaluating the response of endothelial cells (EC) according to the three fundamental mechanisms of blood capillary formation: proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, as well as the formation of tubular structures. Finally, we have studied their mechanism of interaction and action on the target EC. Our results showed that the presence of MVs isolated from Wmyo induces a significant and dose-dependent increase of the proliferation and migration of microvascular endothelial cells of the skin (MVEC) while promoting the formation of tubular structures on Matrigel ®. Also, the internalization of MVs is through endocytosis, and MVs action on EC migration seems to be dependent on protein translation. In conclusion, we have shown that MVs produced by Wmyo are favorable to an angiogenic development, widening the role of Wmyo during wound healing. We have also shown that the interaction of MVs with EC seems to include the pathway of endocytosis and their role seems to pass via protein translation.
Turcotte-Brousseau, Audrey-Anne. "Comparaison du déclin fonctionnel chez les personnes âgées ayant subi un traumatisme mineur avec ou sans atteinte crânienne : une étude de cohorte prospective multicentrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27495.
Full textIntroduction: The consequences of minor trauma involving a head injury (MT-HI) in independent older adults are largely unknown. Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare the functional decline of older adults who have sustained a MT-HI to those who have sustained a minor trauma without head injury. Method: It is a post-Hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study from eight Canadian emergency department. Patients included were: aged 65 years or older, previously independent, presenting to the emergency department (ED) for a minor trauma, and discharged within 48 hours. The primary outcome was the functional decline measured with a validated test: the Older Americans’ Resources and Services scale. The cognitive function was also compared between the two groups. Finally, we explored the influence of a concomitant injury on the functional decline in the MT-HI group. Results. All 926 eligible patients were included in the analyses: 344 MT-HI patients and 582 minor trauma without head injury. After six months, the functional decline was similar in both groups, 10.8% and 11.9% respectively (RR=0.79 [95% CI: 0.55-1.14]). The proportion of participants with mild cognitive disabilities was also similar, 21.7% and 22.8% respectively (RR=0.91 [95% CI: 0.71-1.18]). Furthermore, for the group of patients with a MT-HI, the functional outcome was not statistically different with or without the presence of a co-injury (RR= 1.35 [95% CI: 0.71-2.59]). Conclusion. This study did not seem to demonstrate that the occurrence of a MT-HI is associated with a worse functional or cognitive prognosis than other minor injuries without a head injury in an elderly autonomous population six months after injury. The presence of a co-injury did not seem to influence the functional decline in the MT-HI group.
Bellver, Landete Victor. "The role of microglia in spinal cord injury : identification, importance and therapeutic implications." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40163.
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