Relevant bibliographies by topics / Truss bridges

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Truss bridges'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Truss bridges"

1

Liu, Bo, Xu Meng, Ji Li, and Zhi Tu. "Defect Inspection Technology for Steel Truss Suspension Bridges." Journal of World Architecture 8, no. 2 (May 21, 2024): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jwa.v8i2.6947.

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Steel truss suspension bridges are prone to developing defects after prolonged use. These defects may include corrosion of the main cable or the steel truss. To ensure the normal and safe functioning of the suspension bridge, it is necessary to inspect for defects promptly, understand the cause of the defect, and locate it through the use of inspection technology. By promptly addressing defects, the suspension bridge's safety can be ensured. The author has analyzed the common defects and causes of steel truss suspension bridges and proposed specific inspection technologies. This research is intended to aid in the timely discovery of steel truss suspension bridge defects.
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Istiono, Heri, and Jaka Propika. "Analisa Non-Linier Pada Mekanisme Keruntuhan Jembatan Rangka Baja Tipe Pratt." Borneo Engineering : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/be.v1i2.604.

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Steel truss bridge collapse often occurs, both in Indonesia and in other countries. As a result of the collapse of the bridge is in addition to the casualties also losses from the financial aspects. This collapse caused due to various factors, one of them because of a decrease in the strength of the bridge structure. To minimize required maintenance of the bridge's collapse and to facilitate the maintenance of one of them must be known failure mechanisms existing bridges. In the analysis of this collapse, will be modeled steel truss bridge pratt’s type with long spans is 60 meters. Analysis of the collapse of the steel truss bridge's, utilizing a pushover analysis to analyze the behavior of the bridge structure. Pushover analysis done with give vertical static load pattern at the structure, next gradually increase by a factor until one vertical displacement target of the reference point is reached. The study shows that at model singe span failure occurred on the chord on mid span. The performance level of structure shows all models of bridges in the state are IO, this case based on the target displacement FEMA 356 and the actual ductility occurs in all models of bridges is compliant with SNI 2833-2008.
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Tanvi Dilip Dongare, Prof. Jaydeep Chougale, and Dr. Ajay Radke. "Review of the Analysis and Design of Foot Over Bridge by Using Steel Truss and Girder for Seismic and Wind Conditions with Identifications of Software Applications." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 2, no. 03 (March 20, 2024): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0071.

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A bridge is a structure that crosses a river, a valley, or a railway to connect one location to another. There are numerous kinds of bridges, including cantilever, cable-stayed, suspension, girder, deck slab, arch, and truss bridges. In any design, starting with a preliminary and detailed survey regarding bridge data, the loads that are primarily taken into account are dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load. The methodologies that are accepted in software are modelling, material and section properties defined in software, assigning the material properties and section, boundary conditions applied, applied loading, analysis, and design. The software displays displacement, shear force, and moments. Starting with the deck slab, the loading mechanism moves up to the girder or steel truss, pier, and footing. There are various truss types accessible for design, including the K type, Howe, Pratt, and Warren. The review concludes that, while there are numerous materials available for bridge design, using cold-formed steel will lower project costs and FRP material, which will increase stiffness while reducing weight and strain. This review article applies to any study on the design of foot-over bridges, steel truss bridges, girders, and steel-truss bridges, materials suitable for bridges and their properties with experimental studies, software and load knowledge with codes, and additional research on this subject. The conclusion is that the steel truss may be replaced with a girder bridge when the steel truss is made with a tubular section and a Warren-type truss with material changes.
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Deng, Haiqian. "Research Status and Development Prospect of Steel Truss Bridge Joints." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 10 (August 16, 2022): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v10i.1225.

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In recent decades, with the increasing demand of long-span bridges and the continuous progress of construction technology, steel truss bridges have been more and more widely used. In general, the joint form of steel truss bridge can be divided into two types: splice joint and integral joint. The selections of the joint forms in steel truss bridges have gradually become the focus of the designers and researchers. Based on the engineering cases of steel truss bridges, this paper introduces the characteristics and advantages of the splice joint and the integral joint, respectively. The engineering performances of these two kinds of joints are compared under the same working condition. The corresponding conclusions on joint selection are obtained, and the prospect of joint design for steel truss bridges is proposed.
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Liu, Jiaming. "Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Fatigue Damage in Truss Bridge." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 75 (December 28, 2023): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/08cm4x92.

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Truss bridges are susceptible to fatigue damage due to long-term exposure to external factors. This article mainly analyzes the influencing factors of fatigue damage in truss bridges, including load factors and joint factors. The analysis results indicate that load factors have a significant impact on the fatigue damage of truss bridges. Vehicle loads can cause deformation and stress concentration in bridge structures, leading to the generation of shear stress, which in turn triggers the expansion of stress concentration areas and accumulation of fatigue damage in bridge materials. Additionally, improper vehicle operation, such as overloading, can increase the dynamic strain on the bridge deck, causing deformation and fatigue damage to the main girders. As for joint factors, joints are one of the critical areas for fatigue damage in truss bridges. Stress concentration and deformation at joints increase the risk of fatigue crack formation and propagation. In this way, the life and safety of the bridge can be assessed, and appropriate maintenance and repair measures can be taken to improve the fatigue resistance of the bridge and ensure its safe operation.
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Yu, Tong-Hua. "Concrete trussed arch bridges in China." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 820–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-120.

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In this paper, the following points are presented: the valuable advantages of the concrete trussed arch bridge; the design consideration and simplified analysis of the bridge; the level of secondary stresses induced in the ends of truss members; the application of prestress to tensile members and bending sections of trusses; and different ways of construction of the bridge.A five-span prestressed concrete trussed arch bridge named the Zhushanlu Road Bridge at Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, is described as an example of medium span bridges of the type popularly adopted in Chinese highway system and the municipal construction since the late sixties. Key words: prestressed concrete, hinged truss, thrust, secondary stress, anchorage, pretensioning, precast.
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Li, Huihui, Lian Shen, and Shuwen Deng. "A Generalized Framework for the Alternate Load Path Redundancy Analysis of Steel Truss Bridges Subjected to Sudden Member Loss Scenarios." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101597.

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Owing to their distinct features, such as structural simplicity and excellent load-carrying capacity, steel truss bridges are widely applied as critical transportation networks. However, many previously designed steel truss bridges that are located in harsh environmental conditions are facing severe challenges of overloading and aging or deteriorating critical structural members due to increasing traffic load and corrosion problems (i.e., chloride-induced corrosion). As a consequence, these overloaded and deteriorated critical members may initialize localized damage (e.g., sudden member failure scenarios) and then trigger a disproportionate collapse (i.e., progressive collapse) of steel truss bridges. To this end, to protect the steel truss bridges from progressive collapse resulting from locally induced damages (e.g., sudden removal of a critical member), this paper proposed a generalized framework to identify the critical members and to qualify the alternate load path (ALP) redundancy of steel truss bridges subjected to sudden member loss of a critical member. Demand-to-capacity ratio (DCR) for linear elastic analysis and strain ratio (SR) for nonlinear dynamic analysis were employed as the design metrics and performance indicators to qualify the ALP redundancy of steel truss bridges. Effectiveness of the proposed framework in qualifying the ALP redundancy of steel truss bridges was demonstrated through the I-35W truss bridge under sudden member removal (MR) analyses. Results obtained from this study may provide beneficial information and could serve as good references for the protection of steel truss bridges that are vulnerable to sudden member loss scenarios.
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Sun, Xiaotong, Yu Xin, Zuocai Wang, Minggui Yuan, and Huan Chen. "Damage Detection of Steel Truss Bridges Based on Gaussian Bayesian Networks." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091463.

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This paper proposes the use of Gaussian Bayesian networks (GBNs) for damage detection of steel truss bridges by using the strain monitoring data. Based on the proposed damage detection procedure, a three-layer GBN model is first constructed based on the load factors, structural deflections, and the stress measurements of steel truss bridges. More specifically, the load factors of the structures are defined as the first-layer network nodes, structural deflections are considered as the second-layer network nodes, and the third-layer nodes of the GBN model are built based on the stress data of the truss elements. To achieve the training for the constructed GBN model, the finite element analysis of the bridge structures under the different load factors is performed. Then, the training of the network is performing by using the maximum likelihood estimation approach, and the optimized network parameters are obtained. Based on the trained network model, the measured load factors and the corresponding stress monitoring data of a limited number of truss elements are considered as input, and the stress measurements of all truss elements of bridges can be accurately estimated by searching the optimized topological information among network nodes. For a steel truss bridge, when the truss elements are damaged, the stress states of the damaged elements will be changed. Therefore, a damage index is further constructed for damage detection of steel truss bridges based on the changed stress states of those damaged elements. To verify the feasible and effective use of the proposed damage detection approach, an 80 m steel truss bridge with various damage cases was conducted as numerical simulations, and the investigation results show that the trained GBN can be accurately used for stress prediction of steel truss bridges, and the proposed damage index with the estimated stress data can be further applied for structural damage localization and quantification with a better accuracy. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the proposed damage detection procedure is accurate and reliable for steel truss bridges under vehicle loads.
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Made, Suangga, and Irpanni Herry. "Aerodynamic performance of long span steel truss bridges in Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 02032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819502032.

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Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago with many major rivers in the big islands of Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Java. As part of its road network, major bridges are constructed to cross these rivers. Considering the span of the bridges and its aesthetic point of view, the application of Long Span Steel Truss Bridges in Indonesia is very popular among others. Its span varies from 70 to 270 meters in length. For long span bridges, aerodynamics is an important aspect for the design and construction of the bridges. In order to ensure the stability of the bridges against the aerodynamic effect of the wind, wind tunnel study and test has been conducted for most of the bridges. This paper presents the parameter and characteristic of several Long Span Steel Truss Bridges in Indonesia, i.e. Tayan Kapuas Bridge, Musi VI Bridge, New Kutai Kartanegara Bridges and Teluk Mesjid Bridge. The bridges will be assessed against BD 49/01. Parameters and assessment results are then compared with wind tunnel results.
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Sun, Zhi Jie, and Yong Qian Liu. "Existing Railway Steel Truss Bridge Static Experimental Analysis Based on Full-Bridge-Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1500–1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1500.

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Combine the specific bridge, an analytical on the bridges static performance studied through the finite element model analysis and field test method. Summary and analyze the displacement and stress variation law of the main truss, longitudinal beams and beams which the bolt and weld superstructure steel truss bridges are effected by static loads, and compared field test results with theory value. Application practice proves that the evaluation standard and inspection of steel truss bridge is appropriate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Truss bridges"

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Carver, Kathleen C. "Repurposing Industrial Railroad Bridges: Linking the Past to the Present." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1403195362.

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Butler, Martin A. "Fracture Critical Analysis Procedure for Pony Truss Bridges." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin155351691314481.

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Akin, Tugba. "Structural Monitoring And Analysis Of Steel Truss Railroad Bridges." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614825/index.pdf.

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Railroad bridges are the most important connection parts of railroad networks. These bridges are exposed to heavier train loads compared to highway bridges as well as various detrimental ambient conditions during their life span. The railroad bridges in Turkey are mostly constructed during the late Ottoman and first periods of the Turkish Republic
therefore, they are generally close to about 100 years of age
their inspection and maintenance works are essential. Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques are widely used around the world in order to increase the effectiveness of the inspection and maintenance works and also evaluate structural reliability. Application of SHM methods on railway bridges by static and dynamic measurements over short and long durations give important structural information about bridge members&rsquo
load level and overall bridge structure in terms of vibration frequencies, deflections, etc. Structural Reliability analysis provides further information about the safety of a structural system and becomes even more efficient when combined with the SHM studies. In this study, computer modeling and SHM techniques are used for identifying structural condition of a steel truss railroad bridge in Usak, Turkey, which is composed of six spans with 30 m length each. The first two spans of the bridge were rebuilt about 50 years ago, which had construction plans and are selected as pilot case for SHM and evaluation studies in this thesis. Natural frequencies are obtained by using 4 accelerometers and a dynamic data acquisition system (DAS). Furthermore, mid span vertical deflection member strains and bridge accelerations are obtained using a DAS permanently left on site and then compared with the computer model analyses results. SHM system is programmed for triggering by the rail load sensors developed at METU and an LVDT to collect mid span deflection high speed data from all sensors during train passage. The DAS is also programmed to collect slow speed data (once at every 15 minutes) for determination of average ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity and all bridge sensors during long term monitoring. Structural capacity and reliability indices for stress levels of bridge members are determined for the measured and simulated train loads to determine structural condition of bridge members and connections. Earthquake analyses and design checks for bridge members are also conducted within the scope of this study.
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Borchers, Stephanie. "Parametric analysis of resilient design of steel truss bridges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99587.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 55).
Designing structures to be resilient to extreme loads has become a topic of interest in recent years, which has been triggered by the progressive collapse of structures in the past. Structural failure due to the lack of resilient design has been particularly prevalent in bridges. The failures have been results of a variety of factors that the bridges have been subjected to. The objective of preventing the occurrence of future collapses has encouraged further research into the design of resilient structures. Two main methods to design for resilience have been implemented in this thesis. These methods include the incorporation of robustness or redundancy into the bridge design. Each method is advantageous over the other in certain circumstances. These methods are both based on linear static analysis procedures. A series of 2D truss bridge models with varying parameters have been analyzed for their performance in damaged states. The damage incurred by the bridges include the removal of a pier and the removal of bridge members. The results of this investigation conclude that the cost of designing a bridge to be resilient is relatively low in comparison to the overall cost of the bridge. Robust bridge designs are generally more effective for bridges with longer spans, whereas designs with redundancy are better suited for shorter spans. As the amount of structural damage that is incurred by a bridge increases, the more redundancy should be built into the structure. These results were shared by all three of the truss topologies that were explored.
by Stephanie Borchers.
M. Eng.
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Yahya, Nurul Fadzlina. "Dynamic amplification of metallic truss railway bridges under fatigue loading." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616318.

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The everyday passage of trains over railway bridges produces fatigue damage at critical bridge locations. The amount of fatigue damage accumulated is very sensitive to the stress ranges producing it. The passage of trains produces dynamic amplification of the internal stresses which depends on the train velocity. Therefore, it is imperative to have a reliable estimation of dynamic effects as these directly affect bridge member stresses. Although this topic is well treated in terms of plate girder bridges and dynamic effects considering the ultimate limit state, less literature is available on the case of tlUSS railway bridges and the fatigue limit state. This thesis addresses this gap of quantifying dynamic effects for everyday train passages and their interaction with the accumulation of fatigue damage in tlUSS railway bridges. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses of a typical metallic tlUSS railway bridge are canied out under the passage of railway freight loading and the effect of different modelling parameters on the intemal forces is qhantified. Subsequently, dynamic amplification factors (DAFs) for all the bridge members are estimated from the FE analyses, under different load models and train velocities, and compared with their bridge code counterparts. Statistical analysis of the estimated DAFs is also employed to propose distributions that capture the variability of the DAF among the bridge members which can then be used for the purposes of probabilistic analysis. Lastly, the effect of dynamic amplification on fatigue damage is explicitly quantified by comparing the damage estimates obtained through the use of codespecific DAFs with the ones obtained in this study.
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Cao, Youyou. "System Redundancy Evaluation for Steel Truss Bridge." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77389.

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In current bridge practice, all tension members in a truss bridge are identified as fracture critical members which implies that a collapse is expected to occur once a member of this type fails. However, there are several examples which show that bridges have remained standing and shown little distress even after a fracture critical member was completely damaged. Due to the high inspection cost for fracture critical members, it would be beneficial to remove fracture critical designation from some tension members. This could be achieved via considering system redundancy. Since there is no clear guidance in existing codified provisions for assessing system redundancy, this research is undertaken to develop simplified analysis techniques to evaluate system redundancy in truss bridges. The proposed system redundancy analysis in this research starts with the identification of the most critical main truss members whose failure may significantly affect the system redundancy. The system redundancy is then measured by the remaining load capacity of a damaged bridge after losing one of the critical members. The bridge load capacity is checked using 3D models with nonlinear features that can capture the progression of yielding and buckling in a bridge system. The modeling techniques are validated through the case studies of the I-35W Bridge and one test span of the Milton-Madison Bridge. Reasonable correlations are demonstrated between the models and the measured data for these two bridges both in an undamaged and in a damaged state. The feasibility of the proposed methodology for system redundancy evaluation is examined by applying the methodology blindly to two other simple truss bridges. The application shows that the proposed methodology can efficiently measure the system redundancy. To improve the system redundancy, this research also proposes sample retrofit strategies for the four example bridges.
Ph. D.
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Bornet, Lucie. "Influence of the ballast on the dynamic properties of a truss railway bridge." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125346.

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To deal with a rapid development of high-speed trains and high-speed railways, constant improvement of the railway infrastructure is necessary and engineers are continuously facing challenges in order to design efficient and optimized structures. Nowadays, more and more railway bridges are built and thus, they require the engineers’ attention both regarding their design and their maintenance. A comprehensive knowledge of the infrastructures and the trains is crucial: their behaviours need to be well known. However, today, the ballast - the granular material disposed on the track and on which the rails lie – is not well known and its effect in dynamic analyses are rarely accounted for. Engineers are still investigating the role played by the ballast in the dynamic behaviour of bridges.  This master thesis aims at quantifying the influence of the ballast on the dynamic properties of a bridge. Is the ballast just an additional mass on the structure or does it introduce any additional stiffness? Thus, this project investigates different alternatives and parameters to propose a realistic and reliable model for the ballast superstructure and the track. For the purpose of this study, a simply supported steel truss bridge located in Poland is studied. The bridge was excited by a harmonic force and the interesting point regarding the experiments is that acceleration measurements were collected before and after the ballasted track setting up on the bridge deck. Then, these data are processed through MATLAB in order to obtain the natural frequencies of the bridge at two different times during its construction. The determined natural frequencies for the un-ballasted case are then compared with analytical values obtained with a 3D finite element model implemented in the software LUSAS. This step aims at calibrating the un-ballasted finite element model so that the bridge is represented as realistically as possible. Once it has been done, a model both for the ballast and the track is proposed using solid elements for the ballast superstructure and beam elements for the rails, the guard rails and the sleepers. Different parameters influencing the natural frequencies and modes shapes of the bridge are testing and it appears that the ballast introduces an additional stiffness through a bending stiffness in the ballast and a change in the support conditions. Finally, the contribution of these parameters is assessed and discussed: the stiffness of the ballast increases the stiffness of the bridge by more than 20% for the 2nd vertical bending vibration mode and the support conditions increase the bridge’s stiffness by more than 15% and 30% respectively for the 1stvertical bending the 1st torsional vibration modes.
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Al-Assaf, Adel. "Flutter analysis of open-truss stiffened suspension bridges using synthesized aerodynamic derivatives." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/Al_Assaf_122306.pdf.

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Hedric, Andrew C. "Dynamic Behaviors of Historical Wrought Iron Truss Bridges – a Field Testing Case Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822751/.

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Civil infrastructure throughout the world serves as main arteries for commerce and transportation, commonly forming the backbone of many societies. Bridges have been and remain a crucial part of the success of these civil networks. However, the crucial elements have been built over centuries and have been subject to generations of use. Many current bridges have outlived their intended service life or have been retrofitted to carry additional loads over their original design. A large number of these historic bridges are still in everyday use and their condition needs to be monitored for public safety. Transportation infrastructure authorities have implemented various inspection and management programs throughout the world, mainly visual inspections. However, careful visual inspections can provide valuable information but it has limitations in that it provides no actual stress-strain information to determine structural soundness. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has been a growing area of research as officials need to asses and triage the aging infrastructure with methods that provide measurable response information to determine the health of the structure. A rapid improvement in technology has allowed researchers to start using new sensors and algorithms to understand the structural parameters of tested structures due to known and unknown loading scenarios. One of the most promising methods involves the use of wireless sensor nodes to measure structural responses to loads in real time. The structural responses can be processed to help understand the modal parameters, determine the health of the structure, and potentially identify damage. For example, modal parameters of structures are typically used when designing the lateral system of a structure. A better understanding of these parameters can lead to better and more efficient designs. Usually engineers rely on a finite element analysis to identify these parameters. By observing the actual parameters displayed during field testing, the theoretical FE models can be validated for accuracy. This paper will present the field testing of a historic wrought iron truss bridge, in a case study, to establish a repeatable procedure to be used as reference for the testing of other similar structures.
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Wang, Liang. "Innovative damage assessment of steel truss bridges using modal strain energy correlation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53177/1/Liang_Wang_Thesis.pdf.

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As a part of vital infrastructure and transportation network, bridge structures must function safely at all times. Bridges are designed to have a long life span. At any point in time, however, some bridges are aged. The ageing of bridge structures, given the rapidly growing demand of heavy and fast inter-city passages and continuous increase of freight transportation, would require diligence on bridge owners to ensure that the infrastructure is healthy at reasonable cost. In recent decades, a new technique, structural health monitoring (SHM), has emerged to meet this challenge. In this new engineering discipline, structural modal identification and damage detection have formed a vital component. Witnessed by an increasing number of publications is that the change in vibration characteristics is widely and deeply investigated to assess structural damage. Although a number of publications have addressed the feasibility of various methods through experimental verifications, few of them have focused on steel truss bridges. Finding a feasible vibration-based damage indicator for steel truss bridges and solving the difficulties in practical modal identification to support damage detection motivated this research project. This research was to derive an innovative method to assess structural damage in steel truss bridges. First, it proposed a new damage indicator that relies on optimising the correlation between theoretical and measured modal strain energy. The optimisation is powered by a newly proposed multilayer genetic algorithm. In addition, a selection criterion for damage-sensitive modes has been studied to achieve more efficient and accurate damage detection results. Second, in order to support the proposed damage indicator, the research studied the applications of two state-of-the-art modal identification techniques by considering some practical difficulties: the limited instrumentation, the influence of environmental noise, the difficulties in finite element model updating, and the data selection problem in the output-only modal identification methods. The numerical (by a planer truss model) and experimental (by a laboratory through truss bridge) verifications have proved the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed damage detection scheme. The modal strain energy-based indicator was found to be sensitive to the damage in steel truss bridges with incomplete measurement. It has shown the damage indicator's potential in practical applications of steel truss bridges. Lastly, the achievement and limitation of this study, and lessons learnt from the modal analysis have been summarised.
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Books on the topic "Truss bridges"

1

Robert, Klopp, ed. Truss bridges. Stuttgart: IRB Verlag, 1989.

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Harris, David W. Truss fun. 2nd ed. Lakewood, CO: BaHa Enterprises, 2003.

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Harris, David W. Truss fun. Lakewood, CO: BaHa Enterprises, 1999.

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Pradeep, Kumar. A structural analysis of patented Bollman suspension trusses. Morgantown: Institute for the History of Technology & Industrial Archaeology, Constructed Facilities Center, West Virginia University, 1992.

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Greene County Historical Society (Greene County, Ohio)., ed. Covered wooden truss bridges of Greene County, Ohio: A collection of photos and data of a vanishing era. Xenia, Ohio: Greene County Historical Society, 1998.

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Miller, Ann Brush. Survey of metal truss bridges in Virginia. Charlottesville, Va: Virginia Transportation Research Council, 1997.

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American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures. Guide specifications for strength design of truss bridges (load factor design), 1985. Washington, D.C. (444 N. Capitol St., N.W., Suite 225, Washington 20001): American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 1986.

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W, Roeder C., ed. Fatigue cracking of riveted steel tied arch and truss bridges. [Olympia]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1998.

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Vanvelet, H. E. Bridge calculations. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Bennett, Lola. Photographs, written historical and descriptive data: Shelburne Falls bridge, spanning the Deerfield River on Bridge Street, Shelburne/Buckland, Franklin County, Massachusetts. Washington, D.C: Historic American Engineering Record, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Truss bridges"

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Borah, Sushmita, and Amin Al-Habaibeh. "The Use of Photovoltaic Solar Panels to Reduce Temperature-Induced Bridge Deformations." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 301–9. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_28.

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AbstractCivil infrastructure such as bridges undergo deformations such as displacement and strain due to environmental temperature variations. Temperature causes deformations equal to or larger than that due to traffic load on bridges. This research evaluates whether the deformations due to temperature load on bridges can be minimised by incorporating photovoltaic solar panels on the bridge surface. The panels can be attached to the bridge truss, piers, and the periphery of the deck excluding the pavement, i.e., excluding bridge superstructure elements under direct traffic load to avoid wear and tear of the solar panels. The hypothesis is that solar panels will generate electricity from solar radiation and the bridge elements underneath the panels will experience less temperature load. The truss will experience smaller deformations and thereby increasing its lifespan. This hypothesis is tested with a laboratory experiment on a bridge truss. A combination of solar panels is attached to the surface of an Aluminium truss. The truss is subjected to 1-h heating and cooling cycles created using infrared lamps. The truss is monitored with linear variable differential transformers and thermocouples. Displacements and surface temperature of the truss are recorded. Results have shown a 34.0% reduction in displacement due to the installation of solar panels. The temperature of the truss has been also reduced by 15–25.6%. This research shows the benefit of integrating renewable energy means in infrastructure such as bridges to reduce temperature-induced structural deformations. Such integration can enhance the bridge lifespan along with generating green energy to electrify the bridge or the local area.
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Farago, B. "Rehabilitation of Steel Truss Bridges in Ontario." In Bridge Evaluation, Repair and Rehabilitation, 555–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2153-5_40.

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Giles, Ryan Kent, Robin Kim, Billie F. Spencer, M. Nathan, Anne M. Newmark, Lawrence A. Bergman, Carol K. Shield, and Steven C. Sweeney. "Structural Health Indices for Steel Truss Bridges." In Civil Engineering Topics, Volume 4, 391–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9316-8_38.

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Bujnak, Jan, Patricia Duratna, and Abdelhamid Bouchair. "Behaviour of Steel-Concrete Composite Truss Beams." In The Eight International Conference "Bridges in Danube Basin", 279–86. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03714-7_21.

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Siriwardane, Sudath C. "Sustainable Maintenance of Steel Truss Bridges: A Conceptual Framework." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 499–509. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9749-3_44.

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Casper, Hans-Joachim. "The First Fully Welded Integral Tube-Truss Bridge of Germany." In The Eight International Conference "Bridges in Danube Basin", 163–72. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03714-7_11.

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Buitrago, Manuel, Elisa Bertolesi, Pedro A. Calderón, and José M. Adam. "Fatigue Assessment and Structural Health Monitoring of Steel Truss Bridges." In Data Driven Methods for Civil Structural Health Monitoring and Resilience, 58–75. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003306924-3.

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Chen, Churong, Zhenyu Feng, Weiyu Mao, and Yikang Zhang. "Numerical simulation and comfort assessment of aluminum alloy truss pedestrian bridges." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures Volume 2, 325–31. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003363217-41.

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Hidaka, Nao, Naofumi Hashimoto, Tetsuya Nonaka, Makoto Obata, Kazuya Magoshi, and Ei Watanabe. "Construction of a Practical Finite Element Model from Point Cloud Data for an Existing Steel Truss Bridge." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 1147–58. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.114.

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The objective of this paper is to develop a semi-automatic method for constructing a practical finite element model from point cloud data of an entire span of a through-type steel truss bridge. In the first step, we introduced practical finite element models for truss bridges based on structural experiments and numerical analyses of a sway bracing located at the end support. We also proposed a basic method for semi-automatically constructing a finite element model of a sway bracing using point cloud data. This method was then extended for an entire of steel truss bridge. The point cloud data is converted to individual data structures which, in turn, are connected to construct a whole structure. The main members, such as upper chords, lower chords, and diagonals, are converted to fiber-based models by automatically creating central axis lines and cross-sections from the point cloud. The slab is converted to shell models by obtaining surfaces and thickness from the point cloud. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by comparing the analysis results from the finite element model manually created from the design drawing (drawing-model) with those obtained from the model generated by this method (point-cloud-model). The proposed method is more efficient than reading drawings and creating the models manually, and it was confirmed that the point-cloud-model shows response values close to those of the drawing-model within the design load. However, the reproducibility of the response values with more than the design load remains an issue, which can be solved by tuning plate thickness
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Hidaka, Nao, Naofumi Hashimoto, Tetsuya Nonaka, Makoto Obata, Kazuya Magoshi, and Ei Watanabe. "Construction of a Practical Finite Element Model from Point Cloud Data for an Existing Steel Truss Bridge." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 1147–58. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.114.

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The objective of this paper is to develop a semi-automatic method for constructing a practical finite element model from point cloud data of an entire span of a through-type steel truss bridge. In the first step, we introduced practical finite element models for truss bridges based on structural experiments and numerical analyses of a sway bracing located at the end support. We also proposed a basic method for semi-automatically constructing a finite element model of a sway bracing using point cloud data. This method was then extended for an entire of steel truss bridge. The point cloud data is converted to individual data structures which, in turn, are connected to construct a whole structure. The main members, such as upper chords, lower chords, and diagonals, are converted to fiber-based models by automatically creating central axis lines and cross-sections from the point cloud. The slab is converted to shell models by obtaining surfaces and thickness from the point cloud. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by comparing the analysis results from the finite element model manually created from the design drawing (drawing-model) with those obtained from the model generated by this method (point-cloud-model). The proposed method is more efficient than reading drawings and creating the models manually, and it was confirmed that the point-cloud-model shows response values close to those of the drawing-model within the design load. However, the reproducibility of the response values with more than the design load remains an issue, which can be solved by tuning plate thickness
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Conference papers on the topic "Truss bridges"

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Fukunaga, Susumu. "Seismic retrofit for the truss bridges of the Seto-Ohashi Bridges." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.0994.

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In original seismic design of the Seto-Ohashi Bridges, an inland near-field earthquake was not considered. And there is concern that large-scale earthquakes would occur in the near future. Therefore seismic retrofit for truss bridges of the Seto-Ohashi Bridges has started. In the seismic retrofit design for the truss bridges, it was decided that seismic response of overall bridge was reduced firstly and the truss members were strengthened by additional stiffeners secondly. The stiffeners were attached to the truss members by bolting, because it was difficult to ensure quality of field welding. As inner surface of the closed box-section truss members has no coating, drilling bolt holes in the members was thought to increase the probability of corrosion of the members. Therefore it was decided to apply airtightness measures for the inside of the closed box-section members after their drying.
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Kaneda, Takao, Masahiro Nishitani, Kazuo Endo, and Hiroki Murakami. "Seismic retrofit of a truss bridge in Seto-Ohashi bridges." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0125.

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<p>This paper reports that isolation rubber bearings were newly installed instead of existing steel bearings as seismic retrofit in a truss portion of the Hitsuishijima viaduct in the Seto-Ohashi Bridges, which is unprecedented method for highway-railway combined bridges in Japan. For the truss bridge, seismic performance evaluation was conducted and it was found that some members were damaged. In order to minimize retrofit work over the railway tracks, the isolation of truss girder was selected. For the truss girder isolation, the constraining effect of the long rail and the running safety of the train were studied. In the retrofit work, in order to minimize the impact on the expressway, railway tracks, and utility facilities, the structural change of the isolation rubber bearings and the displacement of truss girder caused by jacking up had to be studied. The support structure was adopted with a knock-off mechanism, and the effects of jacking up were confirmed by FEM analysis.</p>
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Bouvet, Caroline, Thierry Delémont, and Pierre Moïa. "Lanciau Bridge – First spatial tubular truss railway bridge." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2767.

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<p>The old Lanciau bridge, constructed in 1904, needed to be replaced by a new bridge which would allow for a continuous ballasted track.</p><p>The new bridge was designed with a view to maintaining the spirit of the old one by keeping a truss structure, while modernizing it both from the point of view of its shape (spatial triangular truss with variable height) and its sections (pipes). It took advantage of the presence of the concrete trough to connect this to the steel truss, in order to increase the rigidity of the bridge with the composite effect.</p><p>This bridge is one of the very first railway bridges made of tubular truss, which provides a pure and smooth design thanks to its compact and pure assembling nodes.</p><p>The new truss structure is really the key point of this bridge because of the tubular nodes which do not meet any standards. In particular, the fatigue resistance analysis of the 3D tubular nodes required the application of very specific documentation and results from PhD’s, as well as the use of volume finite element computations.</p><p>The new Lanciau bridge is now ready to service MOB panoramic trains, and to continue the tradition of Swiss alpine steel railway bridges.</p>
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Biliszczuk, J., J. Hołowaty, and J. Rabiega. "Stefan Bryła – Polish Creator of the First Welded Road Bridges." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0197.

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<p>The first two welded road bridges in Poland were designed by Stefan Bryła, Professor at the technological universities in Lwów and later in Warsaw. The bridges became operational in 1929 and 1931, respectively. The first bridge is of a truss structure and is the first welded structure of this type in Europe, and indeed the world’s first road welded truss bridge. It became a listed monument in 1968. It was in service up to 1977, when it was relocated due to insufficient horizontal clearance. The second bridge is of a plate girder structure and it is still operational. The two welded road bridges are located over the Słudwia river near Łowicz, central Poland. In 2019, ninety years have passed since the first welded bridge in Poland became operational, while December 2018 saw the 75th anniversary of Professor Stefan Bryła’s tragic death. To mark these occasions, this paper briefly presents the Professor’s design and structural work, and discusses the stories of the first two welded bridges in Poland.</p>
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Van Bogaert, Philippe. "Deformation compatibility during erection of steel bridges: case of a 2-span railway truss bridge." In IABSE Symposium, Istanbul 2023: Long Span Bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/istanbul.2023.0426.

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<p>Often insufficient attention is given to the compatibility of the deformations of steel bridges during their assembly on the construction site, especially if continuity, due to bending moments, is to be ensured at the level of intermediate supports. This does require to compensate during assembly the difference in the angular rotations at the location of the support points. The effect is especially noticeable with longer spans or with flexible superstructures. In the case of the construction of a double railway bridge over the Albert Canal (Belgium), the above was an important issue. The bridges are in the shape of a classic Warren truss girder. An unusual process was followed for the assembling on site. In the first phase, the entire lower chord, including the bridge deck, was built and supported in all nodes of the truss. The sloping diagonal bars are connected to this and the upper member of the truss is then mounted on top. In such construction the diagonal bars tend to twist and bending moments are created in the lower truss nodes. Gaps may appear in the upper nodes, due to the unequal displacements of the members to be connected. Calculations must show whether stress-free corrections can be made for the fabrication of the various bars, thus avoiding stresses due to the erection process. This example clearly shows that the compatibility of the components of steel bridges during their assembly must be determined in detail and that efficient measures are needed to compensate for defects.</p>
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Borjigin, Sudanna, Kai-Chun Chang, Norihiko Ogura, and Tomoki Shiotani. "Numerical Examination in Bridge Responses due to Fracture of Truss Member in a Steel Truss Bridge under Vehicle Loadings." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1442.

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<p>This study investigated the bridge responses and modal parameters of a steel truss bridge based on FE analysis considering vehicle loadings and aimed to propose an adjustable damage scenario for a loading test on the target bridge. The idea of this study is that the modal parameters and stress distribution identified under assumed damage scenario can provide useful information to decide artificial truss member cut-off patterns and to ensure the bridge safety in the vehicle loading tests. A three-dimensional FE model is constructed using commercial FE analysis software suite for calculating modal parameters (natural frequencies and mode shapes) and maximum internal member force of the bridges. The eigenvalue analysis and static loading analysis were conducted with intact bridge and damaged bridge whose member fracture is simulated by removing one vertical, diagonal member, or two vertical members, in order to find the most severe condition for cutting locations where largest axial force occurs. Results show that variation in modal frequency and mode shape due to different damage scenario are conspicuous. Effect of cut-off pattern changes of damage scenarios are observable by comparing the analysis results between intact and damaged bridge. Finally, two vertical steel members are determined to be cut off in the field loading test.</p>
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Venturi, Giorgia, Peter Simonsson, and Peter Collin. "Strengthening old steel railway bridges: a review." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1718.

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<p>Strengthening old bridges is an increasingly relevant strategy for risk prevention and operation continuity in management of infrastructures. Transportation networks are subjected to progressively stricter environmental and load conditions, leading to a growing number of deficient structures, also due to aging and deterioration. However, employable resources are finite, from both economical and environmental points of view. For these reasons, strengthening opportunities should be considered as a viable option, improving bridges behaviour with low economical and environmental impact. With this perspective, a selection of some of the most interesting strengthening techniques for old truss railway bridges is presented. To address effective solutions, the most frequent problems in old truss railway bridges are first presented. Literature analysis and experts’ interviews were conducted and compared to results obtained from a representative bridge cluster. Different solutions addressing highlighted problems are then collected and qualitatively evaluated, in terms of efficacy on structural behaviour and typical construction requirements. Finally, general remarks and recommendations based on collected evidence are presented.</p>
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Venturi, Giorgia, Peter Simonsson, and Peter Collin. "Strengthening old steel railway bridges: a review." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1718.

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<p>Strengthening old bridges is an increasingly relevant strategy for risk prevention and operation continuity in management of infrastructures. Transportation networks are subjected to progressively stricter environmental and load conditions, leading to a growing number of deficient structures, also due to aging and deterioration. However, employable resources are finite, from both economical and environmental points of view. For these reasons, strengthening opportunities should be considered as a viable option, improving bridges behaviour with low economical and environmental impact. With this perspective, a selection of some of the most interesting strengthening techniques for old truss railway bridges is presented. To address effective solutions, the most frequent problems in old truss railway bridges are first presented. Literature analysis and experts’ interviews were conducted and compared to results obtained from a representative bridge cluster. Different solutions addressing highlighted problems are then collected and qualitatively evaluated, in terms of efficacy on structural behaviour and typical construction requirements. Finally, general remarks and recommendations based on collected evidence are presented.</p>
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Täljsten, Björn, Thomas Blanksvärd, Gabriel Sas, Niklas Bagge, Jonny Nilimaa, Cosmin Popescu, Lennart Elfgren, Anders Carolin, and Jens Häggström. "Bridges Tested to Failure in Sweden." In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.064.

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Five bridges of different types have been tested to failure and the results have been compared to analyses of the load-carrying capacity using standard code models and advanced numerical methods. The results may help to make accurate assessments of similar existing bridges. There it is necessary to know the real behaviour, weak points, and to be able to model the load-carrying capacity in a correct way.<p> The five bridges were: (1) a strengthened one span concrete road bridge - Stora Höga ; (2) a one span concrete rail trough bridge loaded in fatigue – Lautajokk; (3) a two span strengthened concrete trough railway bridge - Övik; (4) a one span railway steel truss bridge -Åby; and (5) a five span prestressed concrete road bridge - Kiruna. The unique results in the paper are the experiences of the real failure types, the robustness/weakness of the bridges, and the accuracy and shortcomings/potentials of different codes and models for safety assessment of existing structures.
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Williams, William F. "Retrofit Railings for Historic Metal Truss Bridges." In Structures Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41031(341)41.

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Reports on the topic "Truss bridges"

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Malone, Brian, Mark Heffron, and J. Ramirez. Analysis and Load Testing of Two Steel Through Truss Bridges in Indiana. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313146.

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Han, Fei, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Mehdi Marashi, Timothy Wells, and Mir Zaheer. Verification of Bridge Foundation Design Assumptions and Calculations. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317084.

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The Sagamore Parkway Bridge consists of twin parallel bridges over the Wabash River in Lafayette, IN. The old steel-truss eastbound bridge was demolished in November 2016 and replaced by a new seven-span concrete bridge. The new bridge consists of two end-bents (bent 1 and bent 8) and six interior piers (pier 2 to pier 7) that are founded on closed-ended and open-ended driven pipe piles, respectively. During bridge construction, one of the bridge piers (pier 7) and its foundation elements were selected for instrumentation for monitoring the long-term response of the bridge to dead and live loads. The main goals of the project were (1) to compare the design bridge loads (dead and live loads) with the actual measured loads and (2) to study the transfer of the superstructure loads to the foundation and the load distribution among the piles in the group. This report presents in detail the site investigation data, the instrumentation schemes used for load and settlement measurements, and the response of the bridge pier and its foundation to dead and live loads at different stages during and after bridge construction. The measurement results include the load-settlement curves of the bridge pier and the piles supporting it, the load transferred from the bridge pier to its foundation, the bearing capacity of the pile cap, the load eccentricity, and the distribution of loads within the pier’s cross section and among the individual piles in the group. The measured dead and live loads are compared with those estimated in bridge design.
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Xu, Jin, Jiliang Li, Nuri Zeytinoglu, and Jinyuan Zhai. Application of Computational Tools to Spaghetti-Based Truss Bridge Design. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316883.

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Higgins, Christopher. Experimental Tests and Numerical Analyses of Steel Truss Bridge Gusset Connections. Portland State University Library, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.76.

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Lloyd, Jason B., Leslie E. Campbell, Francisco J. Bonachera Martín, and Robert J. Connor. Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of the Strength of Selected Truss Members from the Approach Spans of the Winona Bridge. Purdue University, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316925.

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Noack, Anika. Knowledge and Technology Transfer under Digital Conditions: Transfer Intermediaries in Eastern Germany and the Role of Digital Means, Trust and Face-to-Face Interactions. Technische Hochschule Wildau, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15771/innohub_4.

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Even before the corona pandemic broke out in 2020, the role of digitalisation became more and more apparent within Knowledge and Technology Transfer (KTT) processes. Since the pandemic,intermediary organisations that bridge the distance between academia and the world of business to pave the way for successful university-industry linkages have not primarily been able to build on face-to-face-encounters to create those relations. Based on an ongoing research project, this paper examines how digitally mediated communications potentially enhance or limit knowledge and technology transfer that is primarily based on face-to-face interactions.On the one hand, the use of digitally mediated communications seem to foster the spatial expansion of networks, save travel times and costs and foster a special form of social inclusion. University-industry-relations, on the other hand,still rely on a positive evaluation of face-to-face contacts and geographical proximity for trust to develop between heterogeneous partners. Here, actors with bridging functions like transfer scouts are vital in enabling a regular communicative exchange to create commitment, social cohesion and cooperation in digital contexts. Although the relevance of digitalised transfer processes has been increasing over time, an important set of activities, involving face-to-face contacts and co-location, currently still plays a major role for transfer intermediaries in university-industry-relations.
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Turmena, Lucas, Flávia Guerra, Altiere Freitas, Alejandra Ramos-Galvez, Simone Sandholz, Michael Roll, Isadora Freire, and Millena Oliveira. TUC Urban Lab Profile: Alliance for the Centre of Recife, Brazil. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/hcyv7857.

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After almost two years in operation, the challenges and key achievements of the TUC Urban Lab established in Comunidade do Pilar in Recife, Brazil, provide valuable lessons for sustaining ongoing activities, accelerating broader transformations and guiding similar efforts elsewhere: 1. DEVELOPING A PLACE-BASED APPROACH AND BUILDING MUTUAL TRUST: Meaningful participation is contingent upon establishing and maintaining trust between UL facilitators and participants. In the case of Comunidade do Pilar, overcoming initial distrust and skepticism required tailoring UL activities to residents’ needs and linking those to climate action, while increasing presence in the territory and creating safe spaces for equal participation. The strengthening of a place-based approach has been a key contributor to the UL’s achievements. 2. NAVIGATING PARTICIPATION IN REALITY: Participation is often less smooth than planned. Facilitators must consider fluctuations in the frequency and manner of participation and develop strategies to adapt the UL process accordingly. Open dialogues and clear communication are essential. The UL is not a static organization but a flexible arrangement with the potential to bridge diverse interests and aspirations, linking local needs with the climate change agenda. 3. IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES TO WIDEN THE IMPACT: The UL in Comunidade do Pilar strives to foster long-term outcomes through small-scale experiments. Incremental changes nurture individual and collective capacities, laying the foundation for broader and deeper transformations. However, scaling up learnings depends on institutionalizing changes and garnering support from decision-makers, which can be challenging.
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Ortiz, Verónica, Rosa Rodriguez, and Joaquin Tintoré. Lessons learnt from the EuroSea public engagement activities. EuroSea, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.5.

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The overall goal of this report is to analyse the EuroSea itinerant exhibition as a case study of public engagement activity. Aimed at the general public, this modular and itinerant exhibition raises awareness about the EuroSea project while also promoting ocean literacy and highlighting the importance of ocean observing and forecasting. Public engagement plays a crucial role in Horizon 2020, the EU's research and innovation funding program. It aims to bridge the gap between researchers and society, ensuring that their work is aligned with societal needs and values. This involves bringing together various stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, industry representatives, civil society organizations, NGOs, and citizens, to foster inclusive and transparent dialogue. The benefits of public engagement are evident in the research and innovation process. It stimulates creativity and innovation, brings ocean science to a broader audience, builds trust and credibility and promotes ocean literacy and empowerment among citizens. Within Horizon 2020, the EuroSea Communication Work Package 8 focuses on public engagement activities related to ocean observing and forecasting, among other activities. To raise awareness about the EuroSea project and ocean observation, the EuroSea itinerant exhibition was created. This exhibition features printed panels, audiovisuals, and a photobooth that could be adapted and translated for different locations. The exhibition has been presented at 8 events and locations across Europe, aiming to engage the general public, promote ocean literacy, and emphasize the importance of ocean observation and forecasting. This report specifically focuses on three events targeted to the general public where the EuroSea exhibition was showcased: 1) 2022 European Researcher’s Night. 2022, September 30th in Palma (Mallorca, Spain); 2) 25th Galway Science & Technology Festival. 2022, November 13th in Galway (Ireland); and 3) 10th ‘Science for all’. 2023, May 11-13th in Palma (Mallorca, Spain). (...) (EuroSea Deliverable, D8.5)
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FRP Deck - Rehabilitation of a Steel Truss Bridge. Purdue University, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315720.

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A STUDY OF COLLAPSE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND RESISTANCE OF LOADED CABLE-SUPPORTED PIPE STRUCTURE SUBJECT TO A SUDDEN BREAK OF CABLE MEMBER. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.7.

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Cable-supported pipe system (CSPS) provides a suitable system of structure for meeting the stringent structural requirements of pipeline bridges. However, due to a composite action of cable with truss and pipe members, the sudden failure of its structural member may lead to undesired vibratory response and collapse. The occurrence of a sudden break of the CSPS structural member is characterized by spontaneous dynamics and internal force rearrangement. The present study aims to investigate parametrically the collapse susceptibility and resistance of scaled down CSPS model in the event of a sudden break of the cable member by combined experimental and numerical procedures. The displacement of the structure, the pattern of internal force rearrangement, and dynamic responses were comparatively evaluated. Experimental results depict imminent cable failure under load and attendant dynamic response, but without a total collapse of the CSPS structure. Critical members causing large dynamic response amplitudes were identified and the mitigation of collapse was evaluated. Dynamic increasing factor (DIF) methods was utilized for the evaluation of the dynamic response of the sudden cable break resulting from the pattern of responses between the cable members and the rest of the CSPS structure. Comparison with provisions in other studies shows higher values DIF of the CSPS cable members which led to proposed evaluation using dynamic factor (DF). Thus, the dynamic factors for the sudden break of various cable members along the span and the errors were also estimated considering the parametric of design variables which will enable easy utilization during the structural process of CSPS.
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