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Journal articles on the topic 'Truss lattice'
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1
Yu, Guoji, Cheng Miao, Hailing Wu, and Jiayi Liang. "Mechanical performance of heterogeneous lattice structure." Vibroengineering Procedia 50 (September 21, 2023): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23454.
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Heterogeneous lattice structure was constructed with rhombic dodecahedron and octet-truss lattice structures. The rhombic dodecahedron lattice was bending-dominated, while octet-truss lattice was stretching-dominated. The rhombic dodecahedron lattice fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) was compressed by a universal testing machine, which was also investigated by finite element model. Afterwards, the validated numerical model was used to study the designed heterogeneous lattice. Calculations indicates that heterogeneous lattice structures outperform the rhombic dodecahedron lattice structure. The introduction of octet-truss unit cell enhances the mechanical behavior of the heterogeneous lattice structure in terms of Young’s modulus and stress magnitude, which depends on the pattern of octet-truss cells.
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Yang, Yunhui, Libin Zhao, Dexuan Qi, Meijuan Shan, and Jianyu Zhang. "A fuzzy optimization method for octet-truss lattices." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 9 (2019): 1525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-10-2017-0212.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a multiscale fuzzy optimization (FO) method to optimize both the density distribution and macrotopology of a uniform octet-truss lattice structure. Design/methodology/approach The design formulae for the strut radii are presented based on the effective mechanical properties obtained from the representative volume element. The proposed basic lattice material is applied in a normalization process to determine the material model with penalization. The solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method is extended to solve the minimum compliance problem using the optimality criteria. The evolutionary deletion process is proposed to delete elements corresponding to thin-strut unit cells and to obtain the optimal macrotopology. Findings Both numerical cases indicate that the FO results significantly improved in structural performance compared with the results of the conventional SIMP. The deleting threshold controls the macrotopology of the graded-density lattice structures with negligible effects on the mechanical properties. Originality/value This paper presents one of the first multiscale optimization methods to optimize both the relative density and macrotopology of uniform octet-truss lattices. The material model and corresponding optimality criteria of octet-truss lattices are proposed and implemented in the optimization.
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Guo, Hong Wei, Rong Qiang Liu, and Zong Quan Deng. "Dynamic Analysis and Experiment of Beamlike Space Deployable Lattice Truss." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1273.
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The dynamic equivalent continuum model of beamlike space deployable lattice truss which is repetition of the basic truss bay is established based on the energy equivalence. The finite element model of the lattice truss is also developed. Free vibration frequencies and mode shapes are calculated and simulated based on equivalent continuum model and discrete finite element model. The analytical solutions calculated by equivalent continuum model match well with the finite element model simulation results. A prototype of deployable lattice truss consist of 20 truss bays is manufactured. The dynamic response of lattice truss with different truss bays are tested by dynamic vibration experiment, and natural frequencies of lattice truss with different length are obtained from acceleration response curves. The experiment results are compared with simulation results which verifies that the correctness of finite element model, which also validate the effectiveness of equivalent continuum model indirectly.
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Yang, Wen, Jian Xiong, Li-Jia Feng, Chong Pei, and Lin-Zhi Wu. "Fabrication and mechanical properties of three-dimensional enhanced lattice truss sandwich structures." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 5 (2018): 1594–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218789602.
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Topological-reinforcement and material-strengthening were used and employed to improve the mechanical properties of lattice truss sandwich structures. This new type of three-dimensional aluminum alloy lattice truss (named enhanced lattice truss) sandwich structure, with a relative density ranging from 1.7% to 4.7%, was designed and fabricated by interlocking and vacuum-brazing method. The out-of-plane compression and shear properties of the enhanced lattice truss sandwich structures (both as-brazed and age-hardened cores) were experimentally and analytically investigated. Good correlations between analytical predictions and experiment results were achieved. Experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of the enhanced lattice truss cores were sensitive to the unit-cell size and parent-alloy properties (i.e. inelastic buckling and tangential modulus). The compressive and shear characteristics of enhanced lattice truss sandwich structures were discussed and found superior to competing lattice truss structures in low density area (0.046–0.124 g/cm3) of material property charts. The combination of topological-reinforcement and material-strengthening provided a way to achieve lightweight sandwich structures with high specific strengths and low densities.
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Jiang, Wenchun, Zhiquan Wei, Yun Luo, Weiya Zhang, and Wanchuck Woo. "Comparison of Brazed Residual Stress and Thermal Deformation between X-Type and Pyramidal Lattice Truss Sandwich Structure: Neutron Diffraction Measurement and Simulation Study." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 6 (2016): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0046.
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AbstractThis paper uses finite element method and neutron diffraction measurement to study the residual stress in lattice truss sandwich structure. A comparison of residual stress and thermal deformation between X-type and pyramidal lattice truss sandwich structure has been carried out. The residual stresses are concentrated in the middle joint and then decreases gradually to both the ends. The residual stresses in the X-type lattice truss sandwich structure are smaller than those in pyramidal structure. The maximum longitudinal and transverse stresses of pyramidal structure are 220 and 202 MPa, respectively, but they decrease to 190 and 145 MPa for X-type lattice truss sandwich structure, respectively. The thermal deformation for lattice truss sandwich panel structure is of wave shape. The X-type has a better resistance to thermal deformation than pyramidal lattice truss sandwich structure. The maximum wave deformation of pyramidal structure (0.02 mm) is about twice as that of X-type (0.01 mm) at the same brazing condition.
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Queheillalt, Douglas T., and Haydn N. G. Wadley. "Hollow pyramidal lattice truss structures." International Journal of Materials Research 102, no. 4 (2011): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.110489.
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Queheillalt, Douglas T., and Haydn N. G. Wadley. "Titanium alloy lattice truss structures." Materials & Design 30, no. 6 (2009): 1966–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.09.015.
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Xu, Lanhe, Xuche Cao, Xinbo Cui, and Bing Li. "Vibration Attenuation Performance of Meta-lattice Sandwich Structures with Truss-cores." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2252, no. 1 (2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2252/1/012030.
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Abstract In recent years, lattice sandwich structures with truss-cores have shown great potential in lightweight, high load-bearing and multifunctional applications. However, there is still a lack of research on the vibration attenaution characteristics of such structures. In this paper, combined with the design concept of elastic metamaterial with the lattice truss-core sandwich structures, a meta-lattice sandwich structure with double-layer pyramidal truss core is proposed to realize superior vibration attenuation performance. Theoretical and numerical investigations are conducted on the bandgap mechanisms of the proposed meta-lattice structures. The efficient vibration suppression within the bandgap range is verified by numerical simulations. The results of this paper are of reference value for the design and engineering application of the lattice truss structure for vibration attenuation.
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Xu, Lanhe, Xuche Cao, Xinbo Cui, and Bing Li. "Vibration Attenuation Performance of Meta-lattice Sandwich Structures with Truss-cores." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2252, no. 1 (2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2252/1/012030.
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Abstract In recent years, lattice sandwich structures with truss-cores have shown great potential in lightweight, high load-bearing and multifunctional applications. However, there is still a lack of research on the vibration attenaution characteristics of such structures. In this paper, combined with the design concept of elastic metamaterial with the lattice truss-core sandwich structures, a meta-lattice sandwich structure with double-layer pyramidal truss core is proposed to realize superior vibration attenuation performance. Theoretical and numerical investigations are conducted on the bandgap mechanisms of the proposed meta-lattice structures. The efficient vibration suppression within the bandgap range is verified by numerical simulations. The results of this paper are of reference value for the design and engineering application of the lattice truss structure for vibration attenuation.
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Zhang, Zhijia, Bowen Yang, Yongjing Wang, Jun Ma, Qiancheng Zhang, and Jiankai Jiao. "Effect of High Temperature on the Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured CoCrNi Medium-Entropy Alloy Octet-Truss Lattice Materials." Metals 15, no. 4 (2025): 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15040341.
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In this study, the effect of high temperature on the mechanical performance of CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy octet-truss lattice material fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is investigated by compressive test and numerical simulation method. The results reveal that the strength and energy absorption performance of CoCrNi octet-truss lattice material with a hollow truss are higher than those of ones with a solid truss; however, they diminish by 30% and 50%, respectively, as temperature rises from 25 °C to 600 °C. As the temperature rises, the potential barrier for dislocation slip decreases, making it easier for dislocations to move at high temperatures and thus reducing the strength. CoCrNi octet-truss lattice materials present the failure mechanism of progressive collapse at varied temperatures. Meanwhile, the mechanical performance of the experimental testing agreed well with numerical simulation results. The numerical results show that the strength and energy absorption properties of the CoCrNi lattice materials increase as the relative density, however, decreases with increasing temperature. Additionally, CoCrNi octet-truss lattice materials maintain exceptional energy absorption performance at varied temperatures.
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Karamoozian, Aminreza, Chin An Tan, and Liangmo Wang. "Homogenized modeling and micromechanics analysis of thin-walled lattice plate structures for brake discs." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 2 (2018): 423–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218757670.
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Periodic cellular structures, especially lattice designs, have potential to improve the cooling performance of brake disk system. In this paper, the method of two scales asymptotic homogenization was used to indicate the effective elastic stiffnesses of lattice plates structures. The arbitrary topology of lattice core cells connected to the back and front plates which are made of generally orthotropic materials, due to use in brake disc design. This starts with the derivation of general shell model with consideration of the set of unit cell problems and then making use of the model to determine the analytical equations and calculate the effective elastic properties of lattice plate concerning the connected back and front plates. The analytical and numerical method allows determining the stiffness properties and the internal forces in the trusses and plates of the lattice. Three types of core-based lattice plates, which are pyramidal, X-type and I-type lattices, have been studied. The I-type lattice is characterized here for the first time with particular attention on the role that the cell trusses and plates plays on the stiffness and strength properties. The lattice designs are finite element characterized and compared with the numerical and experimentally validated pyramidal and X-type lattices under identical conditions. The I-type lattice provides 4% higher strength more than the other lattice types with 9% higher truss fraction coefficient. Results show that the stiffness and yield strength of the lattices depend upon the stress–strain response of the parent alloy of trusses and plates, the truss mass fraction coefficient, the face carriers thickness and the core elements parameters. The study described here is limited to a linear analysis of lattice properties. Geometric nonlinearities, however, have a considerable impact on the effective behavior of a lattice and will be the subject of future studies.
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Putra, I. Ketut Adi Sentana, Sigit Puji Santosa, Tatacipta Dirgantara, and Annisa Jusuf. "Analisis Struktur Octet-Truss Lattice Sebagai Struktur Penyerap Energi pada Subfloor Helikopter." Mesin 27, no. 2 (2019): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/mesin.2018.27.2.5.
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Semakin meningkatnya penggunaan helikopter dalam transportasi udara menyebabkan semakin meningkatnya peluang terjadinya kecelakaan. Sebagian besar kecelakaan pada helikopter adalah jatuh dan merusak bagian bawah struktur badan helikopter (subfloor) akibat beban dinamik [1]. Untuk meningkatkan keamanan perlu dilakukan kajian crashworthiness pada helikopter. Salah dengan mengoptimalkan struktur penyerap energi. Peningkatan energi serap dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan geometri lattice sebagai struktur penyerap energi. Dilakukan studi perbandingan beberapa konfigurasi lattice dan didapatkan octet-truss lattice memiliki potensi yang baik untuk struktur penyerap energi tabrak. Pada pekerjaan ini difokuskan untuk melakukan studi mengenai karakteristik respon octet-truss lattice ketika dikenakan beban impak dan pengaplikasiannya pada struktur subfloor helikopter dengan metode elemen hingga. Analisis numerik dilakukan sebagai studi perbandingan efektifitas penyerapan energi dengan konfigurasi struktur cruciform, struktur octet-truss lattice bertumpuk unifom dan struktur octet-truss lattice bertumpuk double taper. Material yang digunakan dalam simulasi numerik berupa paduan alumunium AlSi-12. Setelah dilakukan simulasi numerik dengan metode elemen hingga akan dilihat struktur mana yang mempunyai specific energy absorb tertinggi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur lattice dengan konfigurasi double taper memiliki specific energy absorb tetinggi sebesar 34.44 kJ/kg. Dari hasil pemodelan elemen hingga didapat konfigurasi octet-truss lattice dengan double taper memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai struktur penyerap energi dimasa depan.
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Kim, Seon Il, Yong Jae Kim, JaeHyoung Yun, and Wonhyoung Ryu. "MnO2-Modified 3D-Printed Lattice Photo-Bioelectrode for Photosynthetic Energy Conversion from Spinach Thylakoids." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 45 (2022): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01451884mtgabs.
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Photosynthetic bio-solar energy conversion has been widely investigated as a promising potential in the field of renewable energy due to its high internal quantum efficiency. Thylakoid membranes (TMs) are organelles in chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs. Once photosynthesis begins photosynthetic electrons (PEs) were generated, and they were transferred via proteins embedded in TMs by sequential redox reactions. To efficiently collect PEs, several approaches were reported to improve electrical connections such as carbon nanotube modified electrode [1], graphene oxide (GO)/TMs composites [2], or ruthenium oxide (RuO2) modified electrode [3]. As another approach, TM-alginate films were electrosprayed on SU-8 micro-pillar electrode to enlarge the electrochemical surface area between TMs and electrode [4]. However, the previous works were still limited in using two-dimensional electrodes with a marginal increase of electrode surface area. In this study, we aimed to maximize the electrochemically-active surface of TM-decorated bioelectrodes using 3D-printed polymeric lattices. We designed an octet-truss lattice structure with a high specific surface area. For the large surface area of the electrode with a high volume fraction, a strut diameter of the lattice was set to be 0.4 mm in the unit cell of an octet-truss lattice with a total length of 2.5 mm. To maximize light transmission, the octet-truss lattice was 3D-printed with a clear resin using stereolithography (SLA). To grant electrical conductivity on the hydrophobic nature of poly(urethane dimethacrylate) resin, poly(dopamine) (PDA) was polymerized as a binder on SLA-printed lattices followed by immersion in the 1.3 wt% of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) solution for 30 min. After immersion in PEDOT:PSS solution, PEDOT:PSS coated lattice was gently dried to remove the remaining solution with N2 gun and annealed in a vacuum oven at 120 ℃ for 15 min. On the other hand, the intrinsic electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS is lower than 1 S/cm. Therefore, to enhance the conductivity of annealed PEDOT:PSS layer, PEDOT:PSS coated lattice was immersed 5 wt% of ethylene glycol (EG) solution. Then, EG-treated PEDOT:PSS coated lattice was annealed in a vacuum oven as above described. Due to the removal of surplus insulating PSS chains and reorientation of PEDOT chains, the resistance of EG-treated PEDOT:PSS coated lattice was measured thousands of times lower than no treated lattice. A manganese oxide (MnO2) was electrochemically deposited for improved attachment to TMs at 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl for 2 min. Then, TMs of 1 mg chl/ml were drop-cast on MnO2/PEDOT:PSS/PDA octet-truss lattice electrode. Each intermediate product was carefully analyzed using SEM, optical microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The PE currents from TM/MnO2/PEDOT:PSS/PDA octet-truss lattice electrode were measured and compared to a flat electrode and with different layers of lattice structures. With 2 layers of TM/MnO2/PEDOT:PSS/PDA octet-truss lattice electrode, the PE currents were increased 4 times compared to PE currents of the flat electrode. Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT) (No. 2020R1A2C3013158), and the Human Resources Development program (No.20204030200110) of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. References [1] Dmitry Pankratov, et al, Electrochimica Acta, 2019, 310, 20-25 [2] HyeIn Shin, et al, Applied Surface Science, 2019, 481, 1 [3] Hyeonaug Hong, et al, Advanced Sciences, 2021, 7, 20 [4] Seon Il Kim, et al, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12, 54683-546934
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Wei, Nan, Hongling Ye, Xing Zhang, Jicheng Li, and Boshuai Yuan. "Vibration Characteristics Research of Sandwich Structure with Octet-truss Lattice Core." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2125, no. 1 (2021): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2125/1/012059.
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Abstract Lattice sandwich beams are often subjected to vibrations when they are used. The aim of this study was to explore the vibration characteristics of the octet-truss lattice core sandwich beam by translating discrete octet-truss core to the continuous homogenization material. The natural frequencies of which are obtained by theoretical calculation and numerical simulation. The theoretical solutions are in good agreement with the numerical results. It demonstrates that the theoretical approach is effective to compute the natural frequency. Furthermore, the influences of truss member radius and thin sheets ply on the natural frequencies are also discussed. The outcomes indicate that the octet-truss lattice core sandwich beam’s natural frequencies are controlled via selecting the appropriate truss member radius and the face sheets thickness.
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Sui, Qianqian, Changliang Lai, and Hualin Fan. "Buckling failure modes of one-dimensional lattice truss composite structures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 13 (2017): 2565–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017716194.
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To reveal compression buckling, flexural buckling and torsional buckling of one-dimensional lattice truss composite columns, parameterized finite element modelling and theoretical analyses were carried out. Global and local buckling modes of six-node lattice truss composite columns in compression were revealed by finite element modelling. The buckling styles and the critical buckling forces depend on the column length, the constraints, and the bay length. For flexural and torsional lattice truss composite columns, local buckling is the dominant failure mode. The flexural or torsional buckling moment is related to the bay length and independent of the column length. The moment decreases when the bay length gets longer. Including all these factors, theoretical models were proposed based on equivalent column theory. These models correctly predict the buckling force or moment. Imperfection analyses indicate that the lattice truss column is sensitive to imperfections when the column fails at local buckling and non-sensitive at global buckling.
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Li, Bing, Yongquan Liu, and Kwek-Tze Tan. "A novel meta-lattice sandwich structure for dynamic load mitigation." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 6 (2017): 1880–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217727144.
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In this article, a novel meta-lattice sandwich structure is proposed and designed for impulsive wave attenuation and dynamic load mitigation. This original meta-lattice truss core sandwich structure has a similar configuration as a normal lattice sandwich structure, except that its truss bars are composed of meta-lattice truss unit cells. The design philosophy of locally resonant elastic metamaterials is integrated into the meta-lattice truss unit cell whereby a relatively heavier metal core (the resonator) is coated with a soft material layer (rubber coat), which is then connected to an outer shell. Based on this unique construction, several frequency band gaps are created by the locally resonant behavior of the specially designed resonators, in which stress waves within the stopping band gaps are not able to propagate through the material. Analytical spring-mass model is employed to predict the frequency band gaps, whereas numerical finite element simulation is utilized to model the continuum structure under impulsive loadings. The impact response, wave attenuation, and stress distribution contours between normal sandwich structure and meta-lattice sandwich structure are compared and analyzed. The mechanisms of wave mitigation and energy absorption by the internal resonators are thoroughly investigated. Results evidently show that the proposed meta-lattice sandwich structure has a more superior ability for impact mitigation and higher kinetic energy absorption capability due to the locally resonant behavior of the internal resonators.
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Li, Yifan, Huaiyuan Gu, Martyn Pavier, and Harry Coules. "Compressive behaviours of octet-truss lattices." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 16 (2020): 3257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220913586.
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Octet-truss lattice structures can be used for lightweight structural applications due to their high strength-to-density ratio. In this research, octet-truss lattice specimens were fabricated by stereolithography additive manufacturing with a photopolymer resin. The mechanical properties of this structure have been examined in three orthogonal orientations under the compressive load. Detailed comparison and description were carried out on deformation mechanisms and failure modes in different lattice orientations. Finite element models using both beam elements and three-dimensional solid elements were used to simulate the compressive response of this structure. Both the load reaction and collapse modes obtained in simulations were compared with test results. Our results indicate that three-dimensional continuum element models are required to accurately capture the behaviour of real trusses, taking into account the effects of finite-sized beams and joints.
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Després, Nathaniel, Edward Cyr, and Mohsen Mohammadi. "A performance metric for additively manufactured microlattice structures under different loading conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 9 (2018): 1814–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420718793916.
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A rapidly evolving design technology in additive manufacturing is microlattice (or microarchitectured) materials. Investigating the performance of microlattices under different loading conditions is a key element for implementing this new technology into mechanical components used in different industries. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of five different microlattices under four standard modes of loading along with a combined loading scenario was investigated. The four standard modes of loading that were considered are tension, compression, simple shear, and bending. The combined loading scenario was simultaneous shear and compression. The lattice structures (i.e. octet-truss, diamond, pyramid, block lattice truss, and cubic truss) were modeled and meshed using Autodesk Inventor and Fusion 360. Constraints and the elastic loading conditions for the structures were applied to the models in Fusion 360 and static finite element simulations were performed using Autodesk Nastran software. The results of all simulations were collated and a performance function was derived from the maximum stress and stiffness results and mass of the structures. The two highest performing structures (octet-truss and cubic lattice) according to the derived metric were then combined. The octet lattice performed well under shear and the combined loading cases, while the cubic lattice performed well under tension, compression, and bending. Simulations were repeated and the performance metric was then used to show that the combination of these structures, known as the Warren truss, had improved performance as a result.
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Sun, Fangfang, Qing Zheng, Hualin Fan, and Daining Fang. "The Mechanical Properties of Hierarchical Truss-Walled Lattice Materials." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 02 (2017): 1750027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500272.
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To construct a hierarchical lattice structure (HLS), truss wall is introduced into ordinary lattice structure (OLS). Young’s modulus, yield strength and buckling stress of HLSs were evaluated theoretically. Failure maps of different HLSs were plotted and compared based on the theoretical analyses. It is indicated that mechanical behaviors of hexagonal HLSs made of triangular lattice walls can be greatly enhanced by the hierarchical wall structure, while properties of triangular HLSs are weakened, except the anti-buckling resistance. When HLSs are made of bending-dominated honeycomb walls, their properties will be reduced, indicating that hierarchical structure should be appropriately designed to make ultra-light structures benefit from this construction. This viewpoint is strengthened by the discussions on the performances of high order lattice structures, where only bending-dominated HLSs with stretching-dominated lattice wall benefit from the hierarchy.
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Gao, Yu, Tao Zeng, Dai Ning Fang, and Shi Yan. "Design on Thermal Protection Structure of C/SiC Lattice Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.808.
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A new double-layer lattice structure based on C/SiC composite material is described and being investigated as a means to increase the service temperature of thermal protection structure. The design incorporates a C/SiC double-layer sandwich comprising two pyramidal truss cores. The outer layer of the sandwich structure is the thermal protection layer, which can make the heat redistribute. The internal layer is the insulation layer, which can decrease the temperature of the hot components and increase their reliability. The temperature field of C/SiC lattice thermal protection structures with different geometrical parameters was calculated by the finite element software ANSYS. It is found that the thermal behavior of the double-layer lattice thermal structure is affected by the truss geometry, such as truss length and inclination angle. The thermal protection capacity of C/SiC lattice structure is analyzed and compared with the equivalent solid structure. The results indicated that C/SiC lattice thermal protection structure has lower density and better thermal protection property than the traditional thermal protection structures.
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Saigal, Anil, and John Tumbleston. "Stress-Strain Behavior of an Octahedral and Octet-Truss Lattice Structure Fabricated Using the CLIP Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1142 (January 2017): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1142.245.
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In the rapidly growing field of additive manufacturing (AM), the focus in recent years has shifted from prototyping to manufacturing fully functional, ultralight, ultrastiff end-use parts. This research investigates the stress-strain behavior of an octahedral-and octet-truss lattice structured polyacrylate fabricated using Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) technology based on 3D printing and additive manufacturing processes. Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) is a breakthrough technology that grows parts instead of printing them layer by layer. Lattice structures such as the octahedral-and octet-truss lattice have recently attracted a lot of attention since they are often structurally more efficient than foams of a similar density made from the same material, and the ease with which these structures can now be produced using 3D printing and additive manufacturing. This research investigates the stress-strain behavior under compression of an octahedral-and octet-truss lattice structured polyacrylate fabricated using CLIP technology
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Kooistra, Gregory W., and Haydn N. G. Wadley. "Lattice truss structures from expanded metal sheet." Materials & Design 28, no. 2 (2007): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2005.08.013.
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Fan, H. L., F. N. Jin, and D. N. Fang. "Nonlinear mechanical properties of lattice truss materials." Materials & Design 30, no. 3 (2009): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.05.061.
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Queheillalt, Douglas T., and Haydn N. G. Wadley. "Pyramidal lattice truss structures with hollow trusses." Materials Science and Engineering: A 397, no. 1-2 (2005): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.048.
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George, T., V. S. Deshpande, and H. N. G. Wadley. "Hybrid carbon fiber composite lattice truss structures." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 65 (October 2014): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.06.011.
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Queheillalt, Douglas, Vikram Deshpande, and Haydn Wadley. "Truss waviness effects in cellular lattice structures." Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures 2, no. 9 (2007): 1657–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/jomms.2007.2.1657.
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Tran, Brian, Karl A. Fisher, Jenny Wang, Chuck Divin, and Gabriel Balensiefer. "Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurement and modeling of additively manufactured octet truss lattice cubes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015784.
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Advancement of additive manufacturing technological readiness requires high throughput evaluation capabilities that can keep pace with the development of complex parts. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is an acoustic technique that provides rapid holistic probing of a part by tracking fundamental mechanical resonance modes. In this work, the RUS responses of additively manufactured Ti-5553 octet truss lattice cubes were characterized using experimental measurements and three-dimensional finite element models. Varying percentages of missing struts were designed into the lattices as controlled defects and were verified using X-ray computed tomography. Experimental measurements of density and Young’s modulus were treated as input parameters in a homogenous anisotropic continuum model. The continuum model was compared with experimental RUS measurements, thus evaluating the potential for a simplified approximation of the octet truss lattice. [This work was supported by US DOE LLNL-LDRD 20-SI-001 and was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.]
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Ma, Wanqi, Yangwei Wang, Qingtang Li, Bingyue Jiang, and Jingbo Zhu. "Design and Evaluation of the Mechanical Performance of Hollow BCC Truss AlSi10Mg Lattice Structures." Metals 15, no. 4 (2025): 464. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15040464.
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Lattice materials demonstrate exceptional advantages in lightweight design applications due to their low mass density, high specific strength, and customizable topology. Inspired by the hollow vascular bundle structure of bamboo, this study develops four bio-inspired lattice configurations through two key modifications to conventional body-centered cubic (BCC) structures: Z-axis (loading direction) strut reinforcement and strut hollowing. The specimens were fabricated using AlSi10Mg powder via selective laser melting (SLM) technology, followed by the systematic evaluation of the compressive properties and the energy absorption characteristics. The experimental results reveal that the synergistic combination of Z-strut reinforcement and hollow design significantly enhances both the compressive resistance and the energy absorption capacity. The optimized BCC-5ZH configuration (5 Z-struts with full hollowing) achieves remarkable performance metrics at 0.5 g/cm3 density: yield strength (16.78 MPa), compressive strength (27.91 MPa), and volumetric energy absorption (10.4 MJ/m3). These values represent 236.9%, 283.4%, and 239.3% enhancements, respectively, compared to the reference BCC lattices with an equivalent density. Z-strut integration induces homogeneous stiffness distribution throughout the lattice architecture, while strut hollowing increases the effective moment of inertia. This structural evolution induces a failure mode transition from single shear band deformation to dual X-shaped shear band propagation, resulting in enhanced deformation sequence regulation within the lattice system.
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Trudel, Eric, and Mostafa S. A. ElSayed. "Conformal Wireframe Nets for Trimmed Symmetric Unit Cells in Functionally Graded Lattice Materials." Applied Mechanics 2, no. 1 (2021): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech2010006.
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Tessellating a periodic unit cell of lattice material to fill a design space in complex geometries has many challenges arising from their computer-aided design (CAD) modeling intricacy. A solution to this difficulty is the use of trimmed micro-truss lattice structures with a conformal net. This paper presents a novel algorithm for constructing conformal lattice net as wireframe of one-dimensional line segments suitable for Bravais cubic symmetric truss-based topologies. The novel algorithm is an excellent candidate when dealing with lattice structures using cubic, body-centered cubic (BCC), face-centered cubic (FCC), and/or diamond unit cell configurations. The wireframe structure is easily transferred into one-dimensional beam elements for microscale optimizations to obtain a functionally graded lattice material. It is shown that introduction of the lattice net resulted in a significant reduction in the mass of the optimized design.
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Kirsanov, Mikhail N. "ONE FEATURE OF THE CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS OF THE LATTICE GIRDER." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 14, no. 4 (2018): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2018-14-4-90-97.
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The problem of the deflection of a planar symmetric statically determinable truss with a double lattice depending on the number of panels was solved in an analytical form. The angle of inclination of the ascending and descending rods of the truss is different. A load is applied to the truss, evenly distributed over the nodes of the lower chord. Special operators of the Maple computer math system and the induction method were used to generalize individual particular solutions to an arbitrary case. Formulas are obtained for the forces the most compressed and stretched truss rods. Cases of kinematic variability of the structure are revealed. A picture of the possible speeds of truss nodes in these cases is constructed. The asymptotic behavior of the deflection is found with a large number of panels and a fixed span length. The deflection was determined by the formula of Maxwell – Mohr.
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Seharing, Asliah, Abdul Hadi Azman, and Shahrum Abdullah. "Finite element analysis of gradient lattice structure patterns for bone implant design." International Journal of Structural Integrity 11, no. 4 (2020): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-03-2020-0028.
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PurposeThe objective of this paper is to identify suitable lattice structure patterns for the design of porous bone implants manufactured using additive manufacturing.Design/methodology/approachThe study serves to compare and analyse the mechanical behaviours between cubic and octet-truss gradient lattice structures. The method used was uniaxial compression simulations using finite element analysis to identify the translational displacements.FindingsFrom the simulation results, in comparison to the cubic lattice structure, the octet-truss lattice structure showed a significant difference in mechanical behaviour. In the same design space, the translational displacement for both lattice structures increased as the relative density decreased. Apart from the relative density, the microarchitecture of the lattice structure also influenced the mechanical behaviour of the gradient lattice structure.Research limitations/implicationsGradient lattice structures are suitable for bone implant applications because of the variation of pore sizes that mimic the natural bone structures. The complex geometry that gradient lattice structures possess can be manufactured using additive manufacturing technology.Originality/valueThe results demonstrated that the cubic gradient lattice structure has the best mechanical behaviour for bone implants with appropriate relative density and pore size.
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Ghahramanzadeh Asl, Hojjat, and Derya Karaman. "The novelty design method in lightweight structures with low effective elastic modulus." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 10, no. 2 (2024): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2024.02.002.
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Lightweight structures are of great interest in industrial areas such as automotive, aerospace, and biomedical due to their lightness, and superior mechanical performance. The advantages of lightweight structures are increased with the spread of additive manufacturing and design them in various geometries. Beam-based structures and triply periodic minimal surface structures are currently used to extend these advantages. In this study, it is aimed to create die models of beam-based structures in order to contribute to the geometric diversity for lightweight structures. By designing the die lattice structures of the beam-based structures, the comparison of the mechanical performance of basic lattice and die lattice structures with the same porosity was carried out. For FCC, CFCC, and Octet-Truss lattice structures, basic lattice and die lattice structures are designed on scaffolds in 5x5x5 array with 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% porosity. Numerical data were obtained for Ti6Al4V with compression tests simulated by applying pressure in the -y direction. According to numerical analyses, the effective elastic modulus decreased due to the increased porosity in both structure models. The CFCC and Octet Truss scaffolds have different force transmission performances. Likewise, this situation is observed in die lattice structures, but the force transmission with the surfaces reveals the difference of the structures. The effective elastic modulus of basic lattice structure with 80% porosity of the Octet Truss structure is approximately twice that of the die lattice structure. Thus, the use of die lattice structures will provide advantages for the design of lightweight structures with low elastic modulus.
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Abusabir, Ahmed, Muhammad A. Khan, Muhammad Asif, and Kamran A. Khan. "Effect of Architected Structural Members on the Viscoelastic Response of 3D Printed Simple Cubic Lattice Structures." Polymers 14, no. 3 (2022): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030618.
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Three-dimensional printed polymeric lattice structures have recently gained interests in several engineering applications owing to their excellent properties such as low-density, energy absorption, strength-to-weight ratio, and damping performance. Three-dimensional (3D) lattice structure properties are governed by the topology of the microstructure and the base material that can be tailored to meet the application requirement. In this study, the effect of architected structural member geometry and base material on the viscoelastic response of 3D printed lattice structure has been investigated. The simple cubic lattice structures based on plate-, truss-, and shell-type structural members were used to describe the topology of the cellular solid. The proposed lattice structures were fabricated with two materials, i.e., PLA and ABS using the material extrusion (MEX) process. The quasi-static compression response of lattice structures was investigated, and mechanical properties were obtained. Then, the creep, relaxation and cyclic viscoelastic response of the lattice structure were characterized. Both material and topologies were observed to affect the mechanical properties and time-dependent behavior of lattice structure. Plate-based lattices were found to possess highest stiffness, while the highest viscoelastic behavior belongs to shell-based lattices. Among the studied lattice structures, we found that the plate-lattice is the best candidate to use as a creep-resistant LS and shell-based lattice is ideal for damping applications under quasi-static loading conditions. The proposed analysis approach is a step forward toward understanding the viscoelastic tolerance design of lattice structures.
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Hussain, Sajjad, Wan Aizon W. Ghopa, S. S. K. Singh, Abdul Hadi Azman, and Shahrum Abdullah. "Experimental and Numerical Vibration Analysis of Octet-Truss-Lattice-Based Gas Turbine Blades." Metals 12, no. 2 (2022): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020340.
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This paper aims to investigate the utilization of octet truss lattice structures in gas turbine blades to achieve weight reduction and improvement in vibration characteristics, which are desired for turbine blades to improve the efficiency and load capacity of turbines. A solid blade model using NACA 23012 airfoil was designed as reference. Three lattice-based blades were designed and manufactured via additive manufacturing by replacing the internal volume of solid blades with octet truss unit cells of variable strut thickness. Experimental and numerical vibration analyses were performed on the blades to establish their suitability for potential use in turbine blades. A maximum weight reduction of 24.91% was achieved. The natural frequencies of lattice blades were higher than those of solid blades. A stress reduction up to 38.6% and deformation reduction of up to 21.5% compared with solid blades were also observed. Both experimental and numerical results showed good agreement with a maximum difference of 3.94% in natural frequencies. Therefore, apart from being lightweight, octet-truss-lattice-based blades have excellent vibration characteristics and low stress levels, thereby making these blades ideal for enhancing the efficiency and durability of gas turbines.
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Ostoja-Starzewski, Martin. "Lattice models in micromechanics." Applied Mechanics Reviews 55, no. 1 (2002): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1432990.
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This review presents the potential that lattice (or spring network) models hold for micromechanics applications. The models have their origin in the atomistic representations of matter on one hand, and in the truss-type systems in engineering on the other. The paper evolves by first giving a rather detailed presentation of one-dimensional and planar lattice models for classical continua. This is followed by a section on applications in mechanics of composites and key computational aspects. We then return to planar lattice models made of beams, which are a discrete counterpart of non-classical continua. The final two sections of the paper are devoted to issues of connectivity and rigidity of networks, and lattices of disordered (rather than periodic) topology. Spring network models offer an attractive alternative to finite element analyses of planar systems ranging from metals, composites, ceramics and polymers to functionally graded and granular materials, whereby a fiber network model of paper is treated in considerable detail. This review article contains 81 references.
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Neils, Andrew, Liang Dong, and Haydn Wadley. "The small-scale limits of electron beam melt additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V octet-truss lattices." AIP Advances 12, no. 9 (2022): 095021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094155.
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The emergence of powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes, such as electron beam melting (EBM), enables the one step manufacture of microarchitected metamaterials from topology optimized models. However, many applications are optimized by low relative density lattices with slender trusses whose diameter approaches small multiples of largest powder particles, potentially resulting in surface roughness. The thermal history experienced by alloy powders also modifies the alloy microstructure, and thus mechanical behavior, posing a significant challenge to metallic metamaterial designs and fabrication. We therefore build and characterize the multiscale structure and mechanical properties of EBM manufactured Ti–6Al–4V octet truss lattices with strut diameters approaching the particle diameter-imposed fabrication limit. We measure the dependence of their relative density, elastic modulus, and compressive strength on the fabrication process-controlled truss topology and microstructure, and compare them to identical smooth surface structures made from an annealed, wrought version of the same alloy built using a snap-fit assembly method. Micro-x-ray tomography confirmed that the lattice strut surfaces were covered with partially melted powder particles, resulting in about 29% of the lattice mass that inefficiently supported the applied loads. The use of a powder bed held at a temperature of 600–700 °C also resulted in a lamellar α/β phase microstructure with an elastic modulus, yield strength, and a ductility that were less than the equiaxed α/β microstructure of snap-fit assembled structures. However, the higher tangent modulus of the lamellar AM processed alloy resulted in significant strengthening of EBM lattices that failed by inelastic buckling during compression. The ability to increase the alloy tangent modulus during an EBM build process therefore provides a promising approach for increasing lattice compressive strength and therefore compensates for surface roughness induced losses.
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Xu, Jun, Yaobo Wu, Xiang Gao, Huaping Wu, Steven Nutt, and Sha Yin. "Design of composite lattice materials combined with fabrication approaches." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 3 (2018): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318785710.
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Lattice materials can be designed through their microstructure while concurrently considering fabrication feasibility. Here, we propose two types of composite lattice materials with enhanced resistance to buckling: (a) hollow lattice materials fabricated by a newly developed bottom-up assembly technique and the previously developed thermal expansion molding technique and (b) hierarchical lattice materials with foam core sandwich trusses fabricated by interlocking assembly process. The mechanical performance of sandwich structures featuring the two types of lattice cores was tested and analyzed theoretically. For hollow lattice core material, samples from two different fabrication processes were compared and both failed by nodal rupture or debonding. In contrast, hierarchical lattice structures failed by shear buckling without interfacial failure in the sandwich struts. Calculations using established analytical models indicated that the shear strength of hollow lattice cores could be optimized by judicious selection of the thickness of patterned plates. Likewise, the shear strength of hierarchical foam core truss cores could be maximized (with minimal weight) through design of truss geometry. The bottom-up assembly technique could provide a feasible way for mass production of lattice cores, but the design about how to assembly is critical. Hierarchical lattice cores with foam sandwich trusses should be a suitable choice for future lightweight material application.
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Christensen, Richard M. "The Three-Dimensional Analog of the Classical Two-Dimensional Truss System." Journal of Applied Mechanics 71, no. 2 (2004): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1651090.
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The octet-truss lattice system of Fuller and examined by Deshpande, Fleck and Ashby is here reasoned to be the most fundamental form for a three-dimensional truss system, placing it as the three-dimensional analog of the classical two-dimensional truss system. Useful applications may be possible from nanometer scales up to space station scales, in addition to the usual scales of interest in materials science.
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Williams, P. A., H. A. Kim, and R. Butler. "Bimodal Buckling of Optimised Truss-Lattice Shear Panels." AIAA Journal 46, no. 8 (2008): 1937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.29034.
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Fu, Z., L. Schlier, N. Travitzky, and P. Greil. "Three-dimensional printing of SiSiC lattice truss structures." Materials Science and Engineering: A 560 (January 2013): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.09.107.
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Deshpande, V. S., N. A. Fleck, and M. F. Ashby. "Effective properties of the octet-truss lattice material." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 49, no. 8 (2001): 1747–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5096(01)00010-2.
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Watts, Seth. "Elastic response of hollow truss lattice micro-architectures." International Journal of Solids and Structures 206 (December 2020): 472–564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2020.08.018.
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Liu, Feng, and Kang Li. "Optimal Design Analysis of Prestressed Composite Space Truss." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.178.
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More than 40 prestressed composite space truss models of different dimensions are built with APDL design language, and the span, height, lattice number, prestressed value, section area of the chord, width and height of ribbed beam are chosen as design variables. With selecting total cost as objective function, constraint conditions such as strength, rigidity, stability, section size, prestressed limit and structural deflection are also considered, we conduct optimal design for structures by means of zero order optimization. From the results of regression analysis, the optimal span-to-height ratio, lattice number and empirical formula of optimal prestressed value can be found out for designers’ references.
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Zhang, Xiaolong, Shengjie Sun, Xiao Kang, Zhixin Huang, and Ying Li. "Dynamic Response and Energy Absorption of Lattice Sandwich Composite Structures Under Underwater Explosive Load." Materials 18, no. 6 (2025): 1317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18061317.
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This study investigates the underwater explosion resistance of aluminum alloy octet-truss lattice sandwich structures using shock tube experiments and LS-DYNA simulations. A systematic analysis reveals key mechanisms influencing protective performance. The sandwich configuration mitigates back plate displacement through quadrilateral inward deformation, exhibiting phased deformation responses between face plates and back plates mediated by lattice interactions. Increasing the lattice relative density from 0.1 to 0.3 reduces maximum back plate displacement by 22.2%. While increasing the target plate thickness to 1.5 mm reduces displacement by 47.6%, it also decreases energy absorption efficiency by 20% due to limited plastic deformation. Fluid–structure interaction simulations correlate well with 3D-DIC deformation measurements. The experimental results demonstrate the exceptional impact energy absorption capacity of the octet-truss lattice and highlight the importance of stiffness-matching strategies for enhanced energy dissipation. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design of underwater protection structures.
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Et.al, Seong-Gyu Cho. "FEM analysis of 3D lattice structures of ABS material." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (2021): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2060.
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FDM is a typical additive manufacturing method. Since FDM is a method of stacking layers one by one, it generally has a flat lattice structure. In this study, by checking the distribution of stress and deformation for several lattice structures made of ABS material, it is intended to find a structure with better mechanical properties with less material. Several three-dimensional lattice structures are modeled using parametric modeling. Subsequently, a constant pressure is applied to the same area to check the stress and strain distribution. A structure with a low maximum stress value in the stress concentration region and a small amount of deformation will have the best mechanical properties. To do this, parametric modeling is performed using Inventor to model four three-dimensional lattice structures. Afterwards, use Ansys Workbench to check the stress and deformation distribution. Looking at the stress distribution, stress concentration occurred in the truss supporting the upper surface of the SC structure. In the BCC and PTC structures, stress concentration occurred at the point where the upper surface and the truss met. In the FCC structure, it can be seen that the load is distributed throughout the truss structure. Looking at the deformation distribution, both the SC and BCC structures show similar amounts of deformation. It was confirmed that the FCC structure had less maximum deformation than the PTC structure with the thickest truss. Unlike previous studies, it was confirmed that the higher the internal filling rate, the better the mechanical properties may not come out. The FDM method can obtain different mechanical properties depending on the internal lattice structure as well as the internal filling rate. In a later study, we will find a new calculation algorithm that applies variables by FDM characteristics using the data obtained by printing the actual specimen.
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Lee, Jun Hak, Seong Je Park, Jeongho Yang, Seung Ki Moon, and Jiyong Park. "Crack Control in Additive Manufacturing by Leveraging Process Parameters and Lattice Design." Micromachines 15, no. 11 (2024): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15111361.
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This study investigates the design of additive manufacturing for controlled crack propagation using process parameters and lattice structures. We examine two lattice types—octet-truss (OT) and diamond (DM)—fabricated via powder bed fusion with Ti-6Al-4V. Lattice structures are designed with varying densities (10%, 30%, and 50%) and process using two different laser energies. Using additive-manufactured specimens, Charpy impact tests are conducted to evaluate the fracture behavior and impact energy levels of the specimens. Results show that the type of the lattice structures, the density of the lattice structures, and laser energy significantly influence crack propagation patterns and impact energy. OT exhibits straighter crack paths, while DM demonstrates more random fracture patterns. Higher-density lattices and increased laser energy generally improve the impact energy. DM consistently outperformed OT in the impact energy for angle specimens, while OT showed superior performance in stair specimens. Finally, a case study demonstrates the potential for combining OT and DM structures to guide crack propagation along predetermined paths, offering a novel approach to protect critical components during product failure.
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Li, Ming Tian, Xia Ting Feng, and Hui Zhou. "2D Vector Cellular Automata Model for Simulating Fracture of Rock under Tensile Condition." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.705.
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Based on the cellular automata of the plane truss structure, a 2D cellular automata model is presented to simulate the fracture of rock at meso-level. Cellular automata are made up of cell, states, lattice, neighbor and rule. Rock is divided into lattice in which each lattice point presents a cell. Each cell is assumed to connect with several cells, which are called as its neighbors, in virtue of truss elements. The truss elements can adopt some different simple local laws, i.e. constitutive law, which may be elastic or elastic-plastic and the simple fracture rule. It also can adopt different mechanical properties, which present their heterogeneity and anisotropy. This model can make full use of the advantages of cellular automata such as its intrinsic parallelism, localization and so on. In the meantime, as a powerful tool to analyze the nonlinear, complex system, cellular automata can be used to study the nonlinear, complex fracture process. The model is used to simulate the direct tensile of the rock plates, the complete fracture process and the stress-strain curves are attained which are accordance with the experiment.
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Kim, Sang Woo, and Dae Yong Kim. "Analytical Investigation on Optimum Member Angle of Lattice Truss Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.537.
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Metallic sandwich panels based on lattice truss structure have been developed for a wide range of potential applications with their lightweight and multi-functionality. The study focused on the analytical approach to investigate compression and shear characteristics of pyramidal and tetrahedral truss unit cells. With various unit cell models which have the same weight per unit area but different member angle, analytical solutions for effective stiffness and strength have been predicted and compared with each other. The results showed that there are the most optimal core configuration to maximize effective mechanical properties.
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Chen, Xueshan, Wei Tian, Xiaoke Jin, and Chenyan Zhu. "Preparation and Load-Bearing Capacity of Lattice Cell Warren Truss Slot Resin-Stiffener-Reinforced Foam Sandwich Material." Materials 16, no. 7 (2023): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072729.
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This study optimized and proposed a Warren truss slot-hole structure with a double-sided, square shallow slot and vertical and horizontal corrugated symmetry, achieved with inclined holes based on the stability and a good bearing capacity of an inclined strut truss structure. The tetrahedral truss lattice cells were obverse and reverse-staggered in the central core of the structure. Compared with the double-sided, square shallow groove cylindrical straight hole, the resin consumption of the Warren truss slot holes was similar to that of a vacuum-assisted resin infusion; however, the external flat compression force of the Warren truss slot holes on the resin stiffener structure doubled, and its bending contact force increased by approximately 1.5 times. Furthermore, the resulting Warren truss-slotted resin structure exhibited a late failure time. Compared with the double-sided, square shallow groove cylindrical straight hole foam-core sandwich composite, the Warren truss slot resin-stiffener-reinforced sandwich composite exhibited an increase of 4.7 kN in the flat compression load, an improvement of ~40% in flat compressive strength performance, an increase of ~0.58 kN in the bending load, and an improvement of ~60% in the bending strength, demonstrating its better bearing strength performance.
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Teng, Fei, Yongguo Sun, Shuai Guo, Bingwei Gao, and Guangbin Yu. "Topological and Mechanical Properties of Different Lattice Structures Based on Additive Manufacturing." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (2022): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071017.
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The appearance and development of additive manufacturing technology promotes the production and manufacture of parts with more complex designs and smaller sizes and realizes the complex topology that cannot be made by equal-material manufacturing and submanufacturing. Nowadays, the application of tri-periodic minimal surface (TPMS) in topology optimization design has become a new choice, and, because of its excellent structure and properties, has gradually become mainstream. In this paper, the mechanical properties of four different topologies prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) using 316L stainless steel powder were investigated, including two TPMS sheet structures (Primitive surface, Gyroid surface) and two common lattice structures (Bcc lattice, truss lattice). The mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, yield stress, plateau stress, and toughness) were compared by numerical simulation and compression experiment. It can be concluded from the results that the mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of the specimen are mainly related to the type of lattice, though have little relationship with unit thickness at the same relative density. The Gyroid curved structure showed the best mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity, followed by the truss lattice structure. By comparison, the mechanical properties of the traditional Bcc lattice structure and the Primitive surface structure are poor, and the deformation mechanism of these two structures is uncertain and difficult to control.