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Furman, Filip M., Wojciech Stefan Zgliczyński, Mateusz Jankowski, Tomasz Baran, Łukasz Szumowski, and Jarosław Pinkas. "The State of Vaccine Confidence in Poland: A 2019 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (2020): 4565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124565.
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Vaccination is considered as one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions. This study aimed to assess (1) the attitudes and behaviors towards mandatory childhood vaccination, with particular emphasis on socio-economic factors determining the vaccine confidence among adults in Poland as well as to (2) identify the potential impact of anti-vaccination movement on vaccination coverage among children and adolescents aged ≤19 years. This cross-sectional study was carried in 2019 on a nationwide, representative sample of 1079 individuals aged 18 and over in Poland (53.7% females). Most of the respondents (74.6%) agreed or strongly agreed that mandatory vaccinations are safe, and only 8% of participants neglected the safety of vaccines. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the lowest level of vaccine confidence was observed among participants aged 25–34 years (aOR: 0.48, 95%CI: 0.29–0.80; p = 0.01). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.35; p < 0.001) between trust in doctors and vaccine confidence. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between trust in scientific knowledge and vaccine confidence (r = 0.19; p < 0.001). Also, a negative correlation (r = −0.13; p < 0.001) between trust in horoscopes and vaccine confidence was observed. Most of the parents declared (97.7%), that their children were vaccinated following the national immunization programme. However, 8.5% of parents who currently vaccinated their children declared that they would stop vaccinating children when vaccination obligation will be abolished. This study demonstrates relatively high confidence in mandatory vaccination among adults in Poland. While most of society trusts in vaccine safety, young adults are the least trustful of vaccinations.
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Camposano, John Andrew. "Vaccine Trust as a Public Trust." Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal 20, no. 2 (2019): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192002002.
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In September 2019, the Department of Health declared a polio outbreak after two cases of the paralyzing disease were confirmed in the country. After outbreaks of measles and dengue in the same year, another outbreak of a vaccine-preventable disease has once again put into sharp focus the declining vaccination rates in the Philippines. Declining rates of vaccination have already been a problem in the country, but this has been exacerbated by the Dengvaxia controversy that further pushed the vaccination rates down. The reemergence of polio, after being a polio-free country for 19 years, presents another opportunity to address issues in vaccine trust.
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Aghajafari, Fariba, Laurent Wall, Amanda Weightman, et al. "COVID-19 Vaccinations, Trust, and Vaccination Decisions within the Refugee Community of Calgary, Canada." Vaccines 12, no. 2 (2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020177.
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Refugee decisions to vaccinate for COVID-19 are a complex interplay of factors which include individual perceptions, access barriers, trust, and COVID-19 specific factors, which contribute to lower vaccine uptake. To address this, the WHO calls for localized solutions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake for refugees and evidence to inform future vaccination efforts. However, limited evidence engages directly with refugees about their experiences with COVID-19 vaccinations. To address this gap, researchers conducted qualitative interviews (N = 61) with refugees (n = 45), sponsors of refugees (n = 3), and key informants (n = 13) connected to local COVID-19 vaccination efforts for refugees in Calgary. Thematic analysis was conducted to synthesize themes related to vaccine perspectives, vaccination experiences, and patient intersections with policies and systems. Findings reveal that refugees benefit from ample services that are delivered at various stages, that are not solely related to vaccinations, and which create multiple positive touch points with health and immigration systems. This builds trust and vaccine confidence and promotes COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Despite multiple factors affecting vaccination decisions, a key reason for vaccination was timely and credible information delivered through trusted intermediaries and in an environment that addressed refugee needs and concerns. As refugees placed trust and relationships at the core of decision-making and vaccination, it is recommended that healthcare systems work through trust and relationships to reach refugees. This can be targeted through culturally responsive healthcare delivery that meets patients where they are, including barrier reduction measures such as translation and on-site vaccinations, and educational and outreach partnerships with private groups, community organizations and leaders.
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Jelnov, Artyom, and Pavel Jelnov. "Vaccination policy and trust." Economic Modelling 108 (March 2022): 105773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105773.
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Bade, Verena, Hendrik Schmitz, and Beatrice Baaba Tawiah. "Regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19 in Germany." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0296976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296976.
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Vaccination willingness against COVID-19 is generally perceived as low. Moreover, there is large heterogeneity across and within countries. As a whole, Germany has average vaccination rates compared to other industrialized countries. However, vaccination rates in the 16 different German federal states differ by more than 20 percentage points. We describe variation in vaccination rates on the level of the 400 German counties using data on all vaccinations carried out until December 2022. Around 52-72% of that variation can be explained by regional differences in demographic characteristics, housing, education and political party preferences. We find indications that the remaining part may be due to differences in soft factors such as risk aversion, trust in the German government, trust in science, and beliefs in conspiracy theories regarding the origins of the Corona virus. We conclude that improving the trust in science and the fight against conspiracy theories may possibly be effective tools to improve vaccination rates and effectively fight pandemics.
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Kuzmenko, Olha, and Svitlana Kolomiiets. "Trust in Vaccination as a Factor in Public Health During a Pandemic." Business Ethics and Leadership 5, no. 4 (2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.5(4).90-100.2021.
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The article summarizes the arguments in the scientific debate on public trust in vaccination against COVID-19. The main purpose of the research is to model the trend of changes in the trust in vaccination against COVID-19, analyzing time series by exponential smoothing. The object of the study is the public trust in vaccination against COVID-19. The research aims to model the changing trend of the trust in the vaccination against COVID-19 using time series analysis. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the vaccination problem during the pandemic showed that various psychological, social, economic factors, including trust in official information, affect the level of trust in vaccination. Declining confidence in the authorities, medical institutions, social institutions, and the media significantly impacts the effectiveness of pandemic containment measures. The trust of the population in state institutions in scientifically based information on vaccination provides the necessary level of vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study regarding the changing trend in the level of trust in vaccination against COVID-19 analyzing time series by exponential smoothing in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: 1) Internet users on the issues of “Trust in vaccination against COVID-19”, “Vaccination against COVID-19”, “Trust in vaccination” was carried out using Google Trends; 3) Statistica software package was used to implement exponential smoothing models. Predictive models of exponential smoothing based on the following indicators: “Trust in vaccination against COVID-19”, “Trust in vaccination”, “Vaccination against COVID-19” are constructed. Time series models related to public confidence in COVID-19 vaccination demonstrate the presence of a seasonal component every two weeks. The results of the study can be useful for the development of scientifically sound recommendations to control the vaccination process during a pandemic, to build predictions of the level of trust in vaccination against COVID-19.
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Galdikiene, Laura, Jurate Jaraite, and Agne Kajackaite. "Trust and vaccination intentions: Evidence from Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (2022): e0278060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278060.
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In this paper, we study the relationship between trust and COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Vaccinating a large share of the population is essential for containing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many individuals refuse to get vaccinated, which might be related to a lack of trust. Using unique survey data from Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic, we show that trust in government authorities, science, and pharmaceutical companies are important predictors of individual vaccination intentions. We do not find evidence that trust in strangers, the healthcare system, or the media predict intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
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Yarwood, Joanne, and Louise Letley. "Changing attitudes to childhood immunisation in English parents." British Journal of General Practice 68, suppl 1 (2018): bjgp18X697385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18x697385.
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BackgroundSustained vaccine coverage is essential to protect the population against vaccine-preventable diseases. It requires high level of confidence in the national vaccine programme.AimWe surveyed parental attitudes to childhood vaccinations in 2015 and compared them to attitudes in the previous 10 years.MethodWe randomly selected 275 locations in England. Interviewers identified eligible carers of children aged <5 years and interviewed them. The questionnaire covered all aspects of the immunisation process, vaccines administered in pregnancy and from infancy to pre-school with a maximum of 86 mixed questions.Results1792 parents were interviewed. Confidence in the vaccination programme was high. Only 2% of parents reported refusing vaccination whilst 90% reported vaccinating their children automatically when due. 97% of parents consulted web-based resources for information on vaccination. Parents who used chat rooms or discussion forums for this purpose were significantly more likely to say they had seen something that would make them doubt having their child(ren) immunized (31% compared to 8% amongst all parents). Health professionals and the NHS were seen as the most trusted source of advice on immunisation (90% agreed/strongly agreed with each). Very few parents did not trust these sources (4% and 3% disagreed, respectively).ConclusionHealth professionals remain extremely important in communicating information about vaccination and are highly trusted by parents; a trust that has increased in recent years. Despite most parents seeking information on the Internet, trust in and advice from health care professionals appeared to be key factors influencing parental decisions.
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Husna, Cut, Desvi Charyasti, and Devi Darliana. "Exploring Community Trust and Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Banda Aceh, Indonesia." International Journal of Disaster Management 6, no. 2 (2023): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/ijdm.v6i2.31830.
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To mitigate COVID-19 infections and safeguard the community against infection risks, the Indonesian government initiated a national COVID-19 vaccination program. It was observed that the community exhibited a mix of acceptance and reluctance toward the vaccination program due to varying information disseminated through multiple media sources, particularly concerning the issue of halal vaccines and their potential adverse effects. The decision to undergo COVID-19 vaccination is closely tied to the community's confidence in the vaccine's efficacy. Vaccine hesitancy poses a significant obstacle in the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors contributing to the community's trust in the vaccine encompass shared norms and values, willingness to endorse, and perceived efficacy. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between the community's trust in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine and their attitudes toward receiving vaccinations in the region of Banda Aceh. To achieve this, a correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The study's sample consisted of the community residing in the Kuta Alam sub-district of Banda Aceh, totalling 266 participants. Data collection was facilitated through the administration of the "Community Trust in the COVID-19 Vaccine Questionnaire" and the "Community Attitudes Toward Receiving Vaccinations Questionnaire." The collected data underwent analysis utilizing Spearman's rank test. The study's findings demonstrated a significant relationship between the community's trust in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.000) and various dimensions, including shared norms and values (p = 0.000), willingness to endorse (p = 0.000), and perceived efficacy (p = 0.000), all of which exhibited a strong correlation with attitudes toward receiving vaccination. Considering these results, it is crucial to involve healthcare professionals and governmental entities in initiatives aimed at promoting the health benefits and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine. These efforts should prioritize the enhancement of community trust and the broader acceptance of vaccination.
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Zakhour, Ramia, Hani Tamim, Farah Faytrouni, Joanne Khoury, Maha Makki, and Lama Charafeddine. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of influenza vaccination among Lebanese parents: A cross-sectional survey from a developing country." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (2021): e0258258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258258.
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Background A growing number of parents refuse vaccination due to concerns about side effects. Influenza vaccine is no exception and remains one of the most controversial vaccines. Data regarding influenza vaccine uptake and parental knowledge, attitude and practice towards vaccination in the Lebanese population is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of vaccination refusal and potential associated factors among Lebanese parents of school-aged children, in general and with a focus on influenza vaccine. Methods A parent questionnaire was distributed in randomly selected 2 public and 2 private schools from the greater Beirut area during the school year 2017–2018. Questionnaires covered knowledge, attitude (including themes of efficacy, hesitancy and trust), and practice of vaccination in general and influenza vaccine in particular. Results The response rate was 76.5% (306/400). Overall, 29.4% parents reported vaccinating their children against influenza (62.2% in private and 37.7% in public schools). Younger age, paternal employment and higher household income were associated with higher vaccination rates (p = 0.01, 0.02 and <0.0001 respectively). Lack of vaccine recommendation by the physician was the most common reason for not taking it (47%). Parents who accepted influenza vaccination had higher scores in efficacy, hesitancy and trust and were more compliant with other vaccinations. Conclusion One third of parents of school aged children in the greater Beirut area vaccinate their children against influenza. This rate is likely lower in rural remote areas. Physician’s recommendation is the single most important predictor of such vaccination. Future studies tackling physicians’ attitude and practice are needed to help improve influenza vaccination rates in the Lebanese population.
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Zakhour, Ramia, Hani Tamim, Farah Faytrouni, Joanne Khoury, Maha Makki, and Lama Charafeddine. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of influenza vaccination among Lebanese parents: A cross-sectional survey from a developing country." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (2021): e0258258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258258.
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Background A growing number of parents refuse vaccination due to concerns about side effects. Influenza vaccine is no exception and remains one of the most controversial vaccines. Data regarding influenza vaccine uptake and parental knowledge, attitude and practice towards vaccination in the Lebanese population is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of vaccination refusal and potential associated factors among Lebanese parents of school-aged children, in general and with a focus on influenza vaccine. Methods A parent questionnaire was distributed in randomly selected 2 public and 2 private schools from the greater Beirut area during the school year 2017–2018. Questionnaires covered knowledge, attitude (including themes of efficacy, hesitancy and trust), and practice of vaccination in general and influenza vaccine in particular. Results The response rate was 76.5% (306/400). Overall, 29.4% parents reported vaccinating their children against influenza (62.2% in private and 37.7% in public schools). Younger age, paternal employment and higher household income were associated with higher vaccination rates (p = 0.01, 0.02 and <0.0001 respectively). Lack of vaccine recommendation by the physician was the most common reason for not taking it (47%). Parents who accepted influenza vaccination had higher scores in efficacy, hesitancy and trust and were more compliant with other vaccinations. Conclusion One third of parents of school aged children in the greater Beirut area vaccinate their children against influenza. This rate is likely lower in rural remote areas. Physician’s recommendation is the single most important predictor of such vaccination. Future studies tackling physicians’ attitude and practice are needed to help improve influenza vaccination rates in the Lebanese population.
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Lazić, Milica, Ivana Pavlović, Sandra Ilić, and Kaja Damnjanović. "Vaccination stance in adolescents and emerging adults: The role of trust and knowledge." Psiholoska istrazivanja 26, no. 2 (2023): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/psistra26-43292.
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The present study investigates the predictive contribution of generalized trust (in a relatively large circle of unfamiliar others, e.g., the authorities, healthcare system, alternative medicine) and particularized trust (in significant others, such as family members and friends) and vaccination knowledge in explaining the youth's vaccination intention, as well as the moderating role of vaccination status in the previously mentioned relationships. A total of 835 adolescents and emerging adults (aged 15 to 25, Mage = 18.35, SD = 2.86) from Serbia completed the measures of vaccination intention and vaccination status, generalized and particularized trust, and vaccination knowledge. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the prior uptake of the vaccine against the coronavirus (vaccination status) was the best predictor of the youth's intention to receive the coronavirus vaccine in the future (vaccination intention). In addition, trust in the authorities and media, trust in the health-care system and science, and knowledge about vaccines stood out as significant positive predictors, while trust in alternative medicine and God('s will) negatively influenced the behavioural intention to vaccinate. Contrary to expectations, trust in the family and friends did not contribute to the explanation of the AEA's intention to get vaccinated. Besides, no moderating role of vaccination status was detected; regardless of the vaccination status, the same determinants of the AEA's vaccination intention were registered. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the light of the importance of the development of evidence-based national vaccination programmes for young people that can have a preventive role in a period of global confidence crisis.
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Keselman, Alla, Catherine Arnott Smith, Amanda J. Wilson, Gondy Leroy, and David R. Kaufman. "Cognitive and Cultural Factors That Affect General Vaccination and COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes." Vaccines 11, no. 1 (2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010094.
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The development of COVID-19 vaccines is a major scientific accomplishment that has armed communities worldwide with powerful epidemic control tools. Yet, COVID-19 vaccination efforts in the US have been marred by persistent vaccine hesitancy. We used survey methodology to explore the impact of different cognitive and cultural factors on the public’s general vaccination attitudes, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, and COVID-19 vaccination status. The factors include information literacy, science literacy, attitudes towards science, interpersonal trust, public health trust, political ideology, and religiosity. The analysis suggests that attitudes towards vaccination are influenced by a multitude of factors that operate in a complex manner. General vaccination attitude was most affected by attitudes towards science and public health trust and to a lesser degree by information literacy, science literacy, and religiosity. Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines were most affected by public health trust and to a lesser extent by general trust, ideology and attitudes towards science. Vaccination status was most influenced by public health trust. Possible mediating effects of correlated variables in the model need to be further explored. The study underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between public health trust, literacies, and sociocultural factors.
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Diržytė, Aistė, Gintarė Gulevičiūtė, Aelita Skaržauskienė, Monika Mačiulienė, and Asta Zelenkauskaitė. "Uncovering the links between internet usage, trust in science, and vaccination based on the cross-national online survey-2 wave 5 panel." Medijske studije 15, no. 30 (2025): 72–88. https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.15.30.4.
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Previous research to some extent evidenced the links between trust in science and vaccination, but the links between trust in science, vaccination, and Internet usage, have not been explored in depth yet. The purpose of this study was to examine the links between Internet usage, trust in science, and vaccination, based on data derived from the CROss-National Online Survey-2 (CRONOS-2) Wave 5 panel fielded in 11 European countries. The findings revealed males’ significantly higher general trust in science in comparison to females, but no significant gender differences were observed in Internet usage or trust in different disciplines or statements made by scientists. Next, vaccinated individuals demonstrated significantly higher general trust in science, higher trust in scientific disciplines, and significantly higher trust in statements made by scientists than not-vaccinated individuals. Furthermore, this study revealed some weak but statistically significant positive correlations between Internet usage and general trust in science, trust in scientific disciplines, and trust in statements made by scientists, and a negative link between Internet usage and age. General trust in science, trust in scientific disciplines, and trust in statements made by scientists’ subscales were significantly positively intercorrelated. SEM analysis revealed that Internet usage itself does not have a significant effect on vaccination, but Internet usage has a significant positive effect on trust in science, and trust in science has a significant positive effect on vaccination.
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Kowalski, Elias, Andreas Stengel, Axel Schneider, Miriam Goebel-Stengel, Stephan Zipfel, and Johanna Graf. "How to Motivate SARS-CoV-2 Convalescents to Receive a Booster Vaccination? Influence on Vaccination Willingness." Vaccines 10, no. 3 (2022): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030455.
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(1) Background: Booster vaccinations for SARS-CoV-2 convalescents are essential for achieving herd immunity. For the first time, this study examined the influencing factors of vaccination willingness among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and identified vaccination-hesitant subgroups. (2) Methods: Individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were recruited by telephone. They completed an online questionnaire during their home isolation in Germany. This questionnaire assessed the vaccination willingness and its influencing factors. (3) Results: 224 home-isolated individuals with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the study. Vaccination willingness of home-isolated SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with asymptomatic or moderate course was 54%. The following factors were associated with significantly lower vaccination willingness: younger age, foreign nationality, low income, low trust in vaccination effectiveness, fear of negative vaccination effects, low trust in the governmental pandemic management, low subjective informativeness about SARS-CoV-2, support of conspiracy theories. (4) Conclusions: The vaccination willingness of home-isolated SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with asymptomatic or moderate symptomatic course was low. Motivational vaccination campaigns should be adapted to individuals with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and consider the vaccination-hesitant groups. Vaccination education should be demand-driven, low-threshold, begin during the acute infection phase, and be guided for example by the established 5C model (“confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, collective responsibility”).
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Bilyk, Valentyna, Alla Dimitrova, Dmytro Havrychenko, Valentyna Stelmakhivska, and Tetyana Vorontsova. "THE MAIN ASPECTS OF COUNTERING PANDEMIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES THROUGH VACCINATION IN THE CONTEXT OF PROTECTING HEALTH AND OVERCOMING PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 11 (2022): 2785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202211212.
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The aim: Study of opinions and attitudes of citizens towards vaccination, identification of the reasons for the refusal of vaccination, the main psychological barriers. Materials and methods: As a result of the analysis the main reasons for the refusal of vaccination were systematized into 5 groups. For practical clarification of the main reasons for the refusal of vaccination, we conducted a survey of citizens of the family medicine outpatient clinic in one of the Ukrainian cities. A total of 30 respondents took part in the survey. Results: The results of the survey were systematized, according to which it was found that today there is still a negative attitude towards vaccination, although some of the respondents who have a positive attitude towards vaccination are much larger in the context of today’s pandemic realities. The main reason for not vaccinating is a lack of trust and confidence in vaccine safety. Conclusions: To date, vaccination, including against COVID-19, is the only method of combating the pandemic. The identified reasons for the refusal of vaccination, according to the authors, are due to the lack of proper informatization of the population and the low level of trust in global and national medical institutions.
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VASILE, Marian, Gabriel JDERU, and Darie CRISTEA. "Trust in the Public Health System and Seasonal-Influenza Vaccination." Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, no. 71 E (February 26, 2024): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.71e.7.
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Human vaccination is a complex process that engages social actors, products, infrastructures, and ideology. We explore the role of trust in the healthcare system for immunization with the seasonal influenza vaccine. We use data from a probabilistic national representative survey among Romanian adults 18 years old or older (n = 2115) fielded in 2019. Binary logistic regression modeling shows that probability of vaccinating against seasonal influenza is higher when the participants trust the overall healthcare system [Odds Ratio = 1.36, p ≤ 0.001], discussed, and gathered information about vaccines [OR = 3.12, p ≤ 0.001], had positive evaluations of the vaccination services [OR = 2.19, p ≤ 0.001], and evaluate today’s vaccine as being safer [OR = 3.05, p ≤ 0.001] or at least as safe [OR = 2.11, p ≤ 0.001] than those from the past. Results suggest that trust in the family physicians is built through personal experiences with them which can be easily adjusted in contrast with overall trust in the healthcare system. Increasing the quality of vaccines and vaccination and emphasizing vaccines’ benefits and safety is not sufficient but just the tip of the iceberg; the entire healthcare system needs a serious facelift which will make it trustworthy.
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Park, EunHae (Grace). "Carrot or stick? The impact of reinforcement and government trust on persuading vaccine-hesitant parents during the pandemic." Environment and Public Health Research 3, no. 1 (2025): 1874. https://doi.org/10.59400/ephr1874.
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This study examined the effectiveness of different vaccination promotional strategies among parents of unvaccinated children aged 12–17 years during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a 2 (reinforcement: positive vs. negative) × 2 (trust in government: high vs. low) between-subjects experimental design with 286 participants, we investigated how reinforcement strategies interact with government trust to influence parental attitudes and intentions toward child vaccination. Results revealed no significant main effect of reinforcement type on vaccination attitudes or intentions. However, trust in government emerged as a powerful predictor of both outcomes, with high-trust parents demonstrating substantially more positive attitudes and stronger intentions to vaccinate their children compared to low-trust parents. Importantly, significant interaction effects were observed—parents with low government trust responded more favorably to positive reinforcement (incentives) than negative reinforcement (restrictions), while parents with high government trust showed similar responses to both approaches. These findings highlight the critical role of trust in vaccine communication and suggest that tailored reinforcement strategies based on pre-existing trust levels may improve communication effectiveness. As declining vaccination rates for routine childhood immunizations create new public health vulnerabilities, these insights offer practical guidance for developing targeted vaccination campaigns that can effectively reach diverse populations, particularly those most resistant to standard public health messaging.
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Umakanthan, Srikanth, Maryann M. Bukelo, Mario J. Bukelo, Sonal Patil, Naveen Subramaniam, and Ria Sharma. "Social Environmental Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in India: A Population-Based Survey." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (2022): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101749.
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Background: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, trust within a community in the projected schemes or strategies to combat COVID-19 depends on the confidence generated and launched by the government and medical employees toward the public. The “vaccination intention” within a community is determined by a range of factors, which include sociodemographic features, personal beliefs, and attitude toward vaccination. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted involving 2000 people using a Tencent questionnaire platform. One-way ANOVA was conducted for age, education, and occupation with vaccination intention for the COVID-19 vaccine. Correlation analysis was conducted between sources, trust, and vaccination intention indicating both types of sources (official and unofficial sources) and both types of trust (trust in the social environment and in vaccines). Results: The reception of the sources of information on the COVID-19 vaccine was significantly higher from official sources (M = 5.54, SD = 1.37) and government officials (M = 5.68, SD = 1.499) compared with that from experts in medicine (M = 5.39, SD = 1.511). Among the unofficial sources, “chatting and communicating with family and friends” scored the highest (M = 4.84, SD = 1.649). In the statistics on people’s trust in all aspects involved in vaccines, the level of trust in the social environment was significantly higher and more concentrated than in vaccines (M = 5.67, SD = 1.129). The level of trust in government (M = 5.80, SD = 1.256) was slightly higher than in medical personnel (M = 5.53, SD = 1.199). People’s willingness to be vaccinated was generally high (M = 78.15, SD = 22.354). The demographic factors were not influential in vaccination intention. Both sources (official and unofficial sources) and trust (trust in the social environment and in vaccines) are significantly and positively correlated with vaccination intention. Information receptions from official and unofficial sources were significant positive predictors of trust in the social environment, but they were not significant predictors of trust in vaccines. The mediating effect of trust in vaccines on the relationship between receiving information from official and unofficial sources and vaccination intention was insignificant. Conclusions: This study revealed that trust in the environment is an important channel linking people’s information reception and vaccination intention, explores a new path for health information communication, and attempts to provide new ideas for health information dissemination and promotion.
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Maciuszek, Józef, Mateusz Polak, Katarzyna Stasiuk, and Jerzy Rosiński. "Declared Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 and Actual Vaccination—The Role of Trust in Science, Conspiratorial Thinking and Religiosity." Vaccines 11, no. 2 (2023): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020262.
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AIMS: The study aims to investigate how trust in science, conspiratorial thinking, and religiosity affected people’s declared willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 at the onset of the vaccination program in Poland, their actual vaccination, and the consistency between intention and vaccination. METHODS: In a longitudinal design, a representative sample of 918 members of the Polish general population was polled at the beginning of the vaccination program (February 2021) and polled again after 6 months of mass vaccination (August 2021). We measured the willingness to vaccinate, actual vaccination after 6 months, and individual variables—trust in science, conspiratorial thinking and religiosity. RESULTS: The actual vaccination rate was higher than the declared intent, especially in the initially undecided and unwilling groups. Higher Trust in science and lower Conspiratorial Thinking were associated with declared intent to vaccinate and actual vaccination, while Religiosity was not clearly associated with vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Declared willingness to vaccinate is not an effective indicator of actual vaccination. Trust in science and Conspiratorial thinking are important factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. There may be a possibility to influence those unwilling to vaccinate and that are undecided to eventually get vaccinated.
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Aldekhyyel, Raniah, Ali M. Al-Hazmi, Reem N. Al-Qahtani, et al. "Effects of Online Information and Social Media Platforms on Parents' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward Childhood Vaccinations in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine 5, no. 4 (2022): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_16_22.
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Objective: The aim is to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents towards childhood vaccinations. We also aim to explore if there is an association between parents' seeking vaccine information on the Internet and social media platforms, and vaccine hesitancy toward childhood vaccinations. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in five mega malls in Riyadh by purposive sampling technique. Data collection lasted for 3 weeks from February 2020 using a self-developed questionnaire, which included: (1) sociodemographic information, (2) KAP, and (3) sources of information on childhood vaccination. Results: Five hundred and fourteen parents participated in our study, with most being mothers (79.4%). Most parents were informed about vaccination (94.7%), believed vaccines are safe (89.8%), and want their children to get the recommended vaccinations (92.4%). Forty-nine percent of parents use the internet as a source to seek vaccination information, while only 21% trust online information. As for social media, 27% mentioned that they use it to seek vaccine information but only 15% trust them as a source of information. 13.2% indicated that they changed their minds regarding vaccination because of information from the Internet, and 11.7% changed their minds from social media. We found a strong statistically significant association between vaccine hesitancy and information obtained from the internet and social media platforms (P = 0.000122, and 0.000025), respectively. Vaccine hesitancy, and information from family, and friends were statistically significant (P = 0.00003). Conclusions: We found a potential impact of internet health information and social media platforms on parents' hesitancy toward childhood vaccination.
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Engelbrecht, Michelle, Christo Heunis, and Gladys Kigozi. "COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in South Africa: Lessons for Future Pandemics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (2022): 6694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116694.
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Vaccine hesitancy, long considered a global health threat, poses a major barrier to effective roll-out of COVID-19 vaccination. With less than half (45%) of adult South Africans currently fully vaccinated, we identified factors affecting non-uptake of vaccination and vaccine hesitancy in order to identify key groups to be targeted when embarking upon COVID-19 vaccine promotion campaigns. A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was undertaken among the South African adult population in September 2021. Our research identified race, interactive–critical vaccine literacy, trust in the government’s ability to roll out the COVID-19 vaccination programme, flu vaccination status and risk perception for COVID-19 infection as key factors influencing the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination. Respondents who did not trust in the government’s ability to roll out vaccination were almost 13 times more likely to be vaccine-hesitant compared to those respondents who did trust the government. Reliable, easy-to-understand information regarding the safety of COVID-19 vaccines is needed, but it is also important that vaccination promotion and communication strategies include broader trust-building measures to enhance South Africans’ trust in the government’s ability to roll out vaccination effectively and safely. This may also be the case in other countries where distrust in governments’ ability prevails.
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Heffernan, Catherine. "Improving public trust in vaccination programmes." British Journal of Healthcare Management 29, no. 9 (2023): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2023.0105.
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Despite their effectiveness in preventing severe disease, vaccines are prone to controversy, so public trust is key to successful vaccination rollouts. Catherine Heffernan, director of health improvement at Southwest London Integrated Care Board, explains the key steps to address vaccine hesitancy and improve public trust in the healthcare system.
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Giannakou, Konstantinos, Maria Kyprianidou, and Alexandros Heraclides. "Attitudes and Determinants of Mandatory Vaccination against COVID-19 among the General Population of Cyprus: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study." Vaccines 10, no. 3 (2022): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030438.
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Vaccinations for the prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are important to control the ongoing pandemic. A much-discussed strategy to increase vaccination coverage is mandatory vaccination; however, its legitimacy and effectiveness as a measure are doubtful. This study aims to investigate the attitudes of the general population of Cyprus towards COVID-19 mandatory vaccination and to identify the factors influencing individuals’ attitudes towards such policy. An online cross-sectional study was conducted, using a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire to collect information on sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, trust, and satisfaction about the healthcare system and utilization of preventive healthcare services, COVID-19 vaccination information, general vaccination knowledge, and attitudes towards mandatory vaccination. A total of 2140 participants completed the survey, with 27.8% being in favor of mandatory vaccination. We found that as the age increases by one year, the odds of supporting mandatory vaccination increase by 1.04 units (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05). In addition, those who reported increased trust in national healthcare authorities’ guidelines and recommendations (OR 3.74, 95% CI: 3.11–4.49) and those satisfied with the healthcare system (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.16–1.65) and follow doctor’s instructions (OR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.61), were significantly more likely to support mandatory vaccination while those who had underage children living in the household were significantly less likely to support mandatory vaccination (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50–0.94). Public health authorities need to develop well-organized vaccination campaigns in which accurate evidence-based information would be disseminated with respect to individuals’ autonomy.
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Muttappallymyalil, Jayakumary, Ramadas Changerath, Ramasamy Kalavathy, et al. "Level of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine and Attributes Influencing Vaccination - A Study among the Multi-national Population in the UAE." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 16, no. 4 (2023): 1997–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2776.
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Objectives: Accepting a new vaccine is influenced by several variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the use and non-use of the COVID-19 vaccine as well as the participants' perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, the study enabled us to ascertain the degree of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine by the study population. Materials and Methods: This was cross-sectional research and UAE's general populace was surveyed for the study. A multi-national population of 671 people took part in the study and the information was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. For categorical variables, the findings were expressed as frequencies and percentages; and for numerical variables, they were expressed as mean/median and standard deviation. To ascertain the relationship between independent and dependent variables, the Chi-square test was performed. Results: Of the total participants in this trial, 627 (96.6%) received vaccinations; 160 (25.5%) experienced mild side effects, and 29 (18.1%) had severe side effects. Participants who were unwilling to receive the vaccination cited "No trust in the vaccine" as their main justification. Other explanations included allergies, pregnancy, vaccination side effects, and a lack of interest. The statistically significant associations observed with vaccination were, concern about the vaccine's side effects, precautions to ward off the virus, the belief that vaccination cannot prevent COVID-19, having had COVID-19, lack of confidence in the vaccine, and the belief that natural exposure to corona gives the safest protection. Among those who have received vaccinations, the majority disapproved or strongly disagreed with all the assertions made regarding the attitude. Among the people who aren't/weren’t immunized, many agreed or strongly agreed with the assertions. More than 68% of people, regardless of vaccination status, agreed with the "pandemic impact on work" and "pandemic impact on income"; 59% of those who are vaccinated and 69% of those who do not, agreed with this statement. Conclusion: The observed immunization rate was 96.6%. The main deterrent to vaccination was a lack of trust in the vaccine. Other explanations included allergies, pregnancy, vaccination’s side effects, and a lack of interest
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Liu, Ruoheng, Yi-Hui Christine Huang, Jie Sun, Jennifer Lau, and Qinxian Cai. "A Shot in the Arm for Vaccination Intention: The Media and the Health Belief Model in Three Chinese Societies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (2022): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063705.
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This large-sample study of three Chinese societies—Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong—demonstrates the importance of media exposure for people’s vaccination intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. By employing two constructs (i.e., perceived susceptibility and severity) in the health belief model (HBM), the study identifies significant indirect effects of media exposure on individuals’ vaccination intention in all three Chinese societies. That said, media trust negatively moderated the path from perceived severity to vaccination intention in Mainland China and Taiwan. In these two societies, the higher an individual’s trust in media, the less influence of perceived severity on his/her vaccination intention. It suggests that the level of trust in media is a contextual factor in explaining individuals’ decision-making on health issues. Generally, the combination of the HBM and media trust has been proven to be useful for understanding individuals’ vaccination intentions. These findings provide practical considerations for governmental agencies, public institutions, and health campaign designers to promote vaccination in the pandemic.
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Omidvar Tehrani, Shadi, and Douglas D. Perkins. "Community Health Resources, Globalization, Trust in Science, and Voting as Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccination Rates: A Global Study with Implications for Vaccine Adherence." Vaccines 10, no. 8 (2022): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081343.
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The COVID-19 global pandemic requires, not only an adequate supply of, but public adherence to safe and effective vaccinations. This study analyzes the human and economic resources and political and public attitudinal factors that influence widely varying country-level coronavirus vaccination rates. Using data on up to 95 countries, we found that countries’ strength of community health training and research (CHTR), education index, globalization, and vaccine supply are associated with a greater COVID-19 vaccination rate. In a separate analysis, certain political factors, and public attitudes (perceived government effectiveness, government fiscal decentralization, trust in science, and parliamentary voter turnout) predicted vaccination rates. Perceived corruption and actual freedoms (political rights and civil liberties) related to vaccination rates in prior studies were not significantly predictive when controlling for the above factors. The results confirm our prior findings on the importance of CHTR resources for increasing COVID-19 vaccination rates. They also suggest that to motivate vaccine adherence countries need, not only an adequate vaccine supply (which depends on a country having either its own resources or effective global political, social, and economic connections) and community health workforce training and research, but also a population that trusts in science, and is actively engaged in the political process.
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Li, Xinjun, David Gifford, and Valerie Williams. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITY STAFF TRUST IN LEADERSHIP AND RECEIVING THE COVID-19 VACCINE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3191.
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Abstract Trust in the sources recommending COVID-19 vaccine is thought to be associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake. We compared long-term care (LTC) staff’s trust with leadership and public health organizations and their vaccination status. We administered a questionnaire to all staff in 48 long term facilities (39 Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) and 9 Assisted Living (AL) facilities) to assess their overall trust level on a 5-point Likert scale with leadership and public health agencies along with their reported used COVID-19 vaccination status. We received 759 responses, with 34 were excluded due to incomplete data. Overall, 12% were not vaccinated, 25.2% completed initial series, 25.0% received one booster, and 37.8% received bivalent booster. Average trust was lowest with CDC (3.62) & CMS (3.60) and highest with leadership (Supervisor (4.07), Administrator (3.98) and DON (3.89)), which were higher than trust with the LTC organization (3.74). Trust levels increased as the staff’s vaccination status increased (p&lt; 0.01) for each category in ANOVA tests. Building overall trust may help increase staff compliance with vaccination recommendations.
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Balashov, Kostyantyn V., Gennady O. Slabkiy, Olesya P. Hulchiy, Nadiia M. Zakharova, and Solomiya M. Turianytsia. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE SOURCE OF HEALTH INFORMATION AND THE BEHAVIOR OF MOTHERS OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ANALYSIS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 3 (2021): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202103212.
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The aim: Is to investigate relationships between trusted sources of health information and people's behavior, including their attitudes toward vaccination and their willingness to seek medical care. Materials and methods: The responses of 4,354 mothers of children under 5 years of age from all regions of Ukraine, who participated in the Multi-Indicator Cluster Household Survey (MICS-2012) were analyzed. The respondents were divided into separate groups using two-step cluster analysis. Results: 6 clusters of respondents were identified, depending on the trusted source of health information identified by them, including those who trust only physicians (50.0%), friends (15.3%), all information channels (15.2%) or do not trust anyone (6.0%). The most important statistically significant differences in the level of vaccination coverage and willingness to seek medical care were found for a group of people who do not trust any source of information about health or trust only information from the Internet. People who trust information from physicians or pharmacy workers were the most active in vaccinating and seeking medical care. Conclusions: Communication with patients who do not trust anyone through social networks seems to be a promising way to raise awareness of this group of people about health and increase the level of trust in physicians or certain medical services.
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Alqahtani, Yahya S. "Acceptability of the COVID-19 Vaccine among Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study of the General Population in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia." Vaccines 10, no. 1 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010041.
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Vaccines afford protection against infectious diseases. However, a sizeable part of the population refuse vaccinations and continue to dispute the evidence supporting vaccinations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination uptake and its determinants among the Saudi population in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey studied COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in adults in Saudi Arabia, targeting the general population in the southwestern region. Data were collected through an online survey questionnaire tool. All data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. The majority (57.29%) of the participants were willing to receive the new COVID-19 vaccine, whereas almost 64% believed it is necessary to take the COVID-19 vaccine to protect oneself and that the vaccine is safe, efficient and effective. The data showed that perceived risk of COVID-19 (p = 0.015), history of previous vaccination against seasonal influenza (p = 0.000), and trust in the healthcare system (p = 0.025) were significant predictors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We conclude that participants’ trust in the healthcare system, perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, and history of previous vaccination against seasonal influenza were significant predictors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Knowing the acceptance rates for the COVID-19 vaccination can aid state agencies, medical practitioners, and other entities in reducing the impact of vaccine avoidance.
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Wróblewski, Michał, Andrzej Meler, Joanna Stankowska, and Ewa Kawiak-Jawor. "An Analysis of Factors Shaping Vaccine Attitudes and Behaviours in a Low-Trust Society Based on Structural Equation Modelling—The Case of Poland’s Vaccination Programme against COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (2022): 14655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214655.
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This study focuses on factors that shape vaccine attitudes and behaviours in the context of a low-trust society. Our analysis focuses on the Polish vaccination programme against COVID-19, primarily on (1) the evaluation of the information campaign, (2) trust in the institutions, (3) trust in other people, (4) attitudes toward vaccine safety and efficacy, (5) attitudes toward restrictions related to vaccination (e.g., restricted access to certain services for unvaccinated persons) and the introduction of mandatory vaccination, (6) the evaluation of the government’s actions during the pandemic, and (7) political preferences. The study was conducted with a sample of 1143 adult residents in Poland (CATI). The explanation of the factors determining the COVID-19 vaccine was based on structural equation modelling (SEM). The model showed that the declared fact of vaccination was largely determined by a positive attitude toward restrictions related to vaccination and trust in vaccines. The formation of the provaccine attitude was to an extent determined by the assessment of the government’s campaign and actions during pandemic. While institutional trust had a positive effect on support for the ruling coalition (0.56), the latter on its own had the opposite effect (−0.61) on the formation of provaccine attitude. In the group who both trust institutions and support the parties currently in power, there are more of those who simultaneously reject the restrictions and mandatory vaccination and remain sceptical about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines than those who both trust in the vaccine safety and efficacy and accept the restrictions and mandatory vaccination. This indicates that in the context of strong political polarisation, ideological affiliations may play a greater role in shaping vaccine attitudes and behaviours than institutional trust.
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Xiong, Junjie. "Differences in Vaccination Coverage Rates Between the States of U.S." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 82, no. 1 (2024): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/82/20230617.
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This paper investigates vaccination rates in the US, analyzing factors behind the disparities with high-income countries. Employing economic analysis and econometrics, it aims to inform policy interventions for enhancing vaccination uptake and combating COVID-19 spread. Key aspects explored encompass trust in science, public healthcare provisioning, and COVID-19 regulations. Employing a cost-benefit model and empirical regressions, the research underscores these elements' role in shaping vaccination rates across states. Results underscore the importance of trust-building, equitable healthcare access, and effective regulations in guiding vaccination decisions. Through rigorous literature review, conceptual framework development, and meticulous data curation, the research provides insights into vaccination dynamics. It demonstrates that fostering trust, ensuring inclusive healthcare, and implementing robust regulations are essential for successful vaccination campaigns. In summary, this comprehensive examination of vaccination rates marries economic analysis, empirical insights, and strategic recommendations, offering a foundation for targeted measures to boost vaccination rates and enhance public health resilience.
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Herzeel, Ann, Yassine Aikar, Zakaria Bouzid, Nathalie Clement, and Stéphanie Marheux. "Vaccination Covid-19." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (2023): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23640.
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Introduction: After the first vaccination campaign, a low vaccination coverage was observed in Brussels. This is linked to an accumulation of factors such as limited accessibility, confidence in the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine or in the public institutions combined with complicated transport solutions and a lack of vaccinators. These are significant barriers to improving immunization coverage, particularly in vulnerable neighborhoods.
 In order to increase coverage and also in the perspective of vaccinating everyone (vacci4all project), Common Community Commission (COCOM) has decentralized vaccination through temporary initiatives: local antennas, mobile teams, door-to-door visits, GP’s, awareness-raising by pharmacists, call-centers,...
 The results have reinforced the idea of decentralization to reach the most vulnerable. The idea of vaccination in pharmacies was explored, bringing new perspectives regarding long-term management.
 Method: 
 1. Pharma-on-tour
 Through an application system and the establishment of quality criteria, 5 pharmacies with
 experience in vaccination centers are integrated into the pilot project: doctors come to the
 pharmacy to vaccinate patients previously sensitized by the pharmacist. The pharmacists prepare the vaccines; the doctors administer them. The project is financed by the Brussels-Capital Region (BCR).
 2. Vaccipharma
 A few days after the publication of the March 11, 2022 law allowing pharmacists to vaccinate, the
 Vaccipharma project is launched: vaccination by pharmacists starts in 5 pharmacies that meet the quality requirements.
 3. Timesheet
 Without a remuneration framework, the acts of preparation and vaccination are still
 covered by the region on the basis of an hourly rate determined by Timesheets which are
 filled in by the pharmacists who keep track of the acts related to the vaccination which helped determine a remuneration in accordance with reality/practice.
 4. Implementation of the NIHDI remuneration framework and extension to the entire BRSince September 1, 2022, pharmacists can be remunerated for the acts of preparation of vaccine doses and vaccinations by the NIHDI. Any person, insured or not, can be vaccinated in a pharmacy.
 In addition to the vaccination in the pharmacy, the COCOM takes care of the delivery to the first line as well as the preparation and delivery to the nursing homes and communities.
 5. Extension of the project from 28 to 135pharmacies
 All Brussels municipalities have vaccinating pharmacies. Each pharmacy was inspected and given training to ensure the respect of the government's quality requirements.
 Results/Lessons learned: The need to focus on decentralized vaccination initiatives that combine proximity, quality and trust was reaffirmed. This is demonstrated by the fact that the preferred location for patients seeking a primary vaccination is the pharmacy. 
 This promising and sustainable project enables a local supplying and is a catalyst for first line vaccination in an infrastructure that provides a quality of reception and service in a place familiar to the public, with a very interesting cost-benefit-quality ratio. The individual approach and direct communication can increase vaccination coverage, particularly in vulnerable neighborhoods. A survey of patients reveals a high level of satisfaction both in terms of reception, booking, information received, privacy, proximity, ease, speed, accessibility and in the trust-based relationship.
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Ali, Ifra, Sadie Bell, and Sandra Mounier-Jack. "‘It was just the given thing to do’: exploring enablers for high childhood vaccination uptake in East London’s Bangladeshi community—a qualitative study." BMJ Public Health 3, no. 1 (2025): e001004. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2024-001004.
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BackgroundDespite being an underserved ethnic minority group, characteristics which have been associated with low vaccine uptake, the Bangladeshi community in the UK exhibits high childhood vaccination uptake for several vaccines, including measles, mumps and rubella compared with several ethnic groups. This study explored key enablers for early childhood vaccination uptake among the Bangladeshi community in East London, UK.MethodsA qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 23 Bangladeshi parents 11 primary healthcare professionals (HCPs) and 5 community service providers (CSPs) involved in delivering childhood vaccination services, predominantly in the East London borough of Tower Hamlets. Parents were recruited purposively from the community while HCPs and CSPs were recruited from relevant organisations. The Social Ecological Model (SEM) was used as a theoretical framework for data collection and analysis. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsMultilevel vaccination enablers identified by parents, HCPs and CSPs across the different levels of the SEM included: parental trust in the immunisation programme and HCPs; a rigorous call and recall service; the normalisation of receiving childhood vaccinations within the Bangladeshi community and the availability of culturally tailored and accessible vaccination services.ConclusionsThis study highlights how multi-level trust in a vaccination programme can propel positive vaccine uptake in an underserved, ethnic minority population. Our findings suggest culturally sensitive, person-centred delivery of vaccination services, alongside leveraging community dynamics and trusted social networks, are imperative to meeting the informational, linguistic and cultural needs that facilitate vaccine uptake within the Bangaldeshi community. We recommend using existing trusted community networks to disseminate tailored vaccine information and actively reminding parents about due vaccinations to promote uptake amongst other underserved, ethnic minority communities with low uptake in high-income settings. Further research involving non-immunising parents is recommended to gain more comprehensive insight into vaccine decision-making within this community.
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Zimand-Sheiner, Dorit, Ofrit Kol, Smadar Frydman, and Shalom Levy. "To Be (Vaccinated) or Not to Be: The Effect of Media Exposure, Institutional Trust, and Incentives on Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (2021): 12894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412894.
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The COVID-19 vaccine has become a strategic vehicle for reducing the spread of the pandemic. However, the uptake of the vaccine by the public is more complicated than simply making it available. Based on social learning theory, this study examines the role of communication sources and institutional trust as barriers and incentives as motivators of people’s attitudes toward vaccination and actual vaccination. Data were collected via an online panel survey among Israelis aged 18–55 and then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings show that social media trust negatively mediates the effect of exposure to information on the vaccine on attitudes toward vaccination. However, mass media trust and institutional trust positively mediate this relationship. Incentives were effective motivators for forming positive attitudes and moderating the effect of institutional trust on attitude toward vaccination. This study facilitates a deeper understanding of health communication theory in pandemics and makes important recommendations for practitioners and policy makers.
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Vanyarkina, A. S., A. G. Petrova, T. A. Bayanova, et al. "Preventive vaccination in children: Parents’ knowledge or physician’s competence." Pacific Medical Journal, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2019-4-23-28.
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Objective: The study objective is to assess parents’ opinion and awareness of preventive vaccination issues.Methods: Using the data of cross-sectional multicenter study the assessment of 1620 parents’ awareness of preventive vaccination issues was taken; we checked up on factors causing decline of trust in vaccination.Results: The most respondents (n=1590) vaccinated children adhering to recommendation of National calendar, 25 % of parents additionally vaccinated them due to epidemic indications. The refusal of vaccination in 2 % of respondents was influenced by level of education (lower secondary education), family financial state (average or above the average), choice of mass media as prevailing source of information about vaccination. High level of credibility to the opinion of neighborhood pediatrician (91.7 %) and parents› interest in receiving additional information about vaccinations (71.2 %) were revealed.Conclusions: Providing the accurate information on vaccination by doctors will enable to increase parents’ adherence to children vaccination.
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Okada, Hiroko, Tsuyoshi Okuhara, Eiko Goto, and Takahiro Kiuchi. "Associations between Vaccination Behavior and Trust in Information Sources Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines under Emergency Approval in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study." Vaccines 11, no. 2 (2023): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020233.
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We examined the association between COVID-19 vaccination behavior and trust in COVID-19-related information sources during the initial period of COVID-19 vaccination in Japan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2021, 5 months after the start of COVID-19 vaccination for the general public under emergency approval. Participants were recruited using non-probability quota sampling from among Japanese residents who were under a declared state of emergency. Sociodemographic data, vaccination behavior, and levels of trust in eight media sources of information and three interpersonal information sources were assessed using an online survey form. A total of 784 participants completed the survey. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, household income, underlying medical conditions, and living with family were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Regarding COVID-19 vaccine information sources, trust in public health experts as a source of media information and primary care physicians as a source of interpersonal information showed significantly positive associations with COVID-19 vaccination behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.157, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.017–1.31; OR = 1.076; 95% CI 1.006–1.150, respectively). Increasing trust in public health experts and primary care physicians and disseminating vaccine information from these sources will help promote vaccination under emergency approval.
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Cvjetkovic, Smiljana, Vida Jeremic Stojkovic, Stefan Mandic-Rajcevic, et al. "Societal Trust Related to COVID-19 Vaccination: Evidence from Western Balkans." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (2022): 13547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013547.
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The lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination in Western Balkans countries could be partially explained by societal distrust of its citizens, jeopardizing the sustainability of COVID-19 vaccination programs. The aim of the study was to determine the level and predictors of societal trust in five countries of the region. Using an online questionnaire, data were obtained from 1157 respondents from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. The instrument included a socio-demographic questionnaire, a measure of vaccination behavior, and a scale measuring societal trust. Being a significant determinant of the COVID-19 vaccination behavior in all countries, societal trust considerably varied from country to country (F (24, 4002) = 7.574, p < 0.001). It was highest in North Macedonia (Mean = 3.74, SD = 0.99), and lowest in Albania (Mean = 3.21, SD = 1.03). Younger, female, less religious, and higher educated tended to have more pronounced societal trust in Serbia. In North Macedonia, younger age and lower health literacy predicted societal trust, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina, educational level was the single predictor. In Montenegro and Albania, higher societal trust was significantly predicted by lower health literacy only. The results provide evidence that the determinants of societal trust in Western Balkans vary across countries, indicating the need for different approaches in communication campaigns.
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Fan, Jiangbo, Xi Wang, Shuai Du, Ayan Mao, Haiping Du, and Wuqi Qiu. "Discussion of the Trust in Vaccination against COVID-19." Vaccines 10, no. 8 (2022): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081214.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced serious challenges to global public health security, and the benefits of vaccination via public health interventions have been recognized as significant. Vaccination is an effective means of preventing and controlling the spread of COVID-19. However, trust is a major factor that influences vaccine hesitancy; thus, the distrust of vaccination has hindered the popularization of COVID-19 vaccines. This paper aims to discuss the main problems and the role of trust in the vaccination against COVID-19 to effectively promote and implement policy to promote the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Shiloh, Shoshana, Shira Peleg, and Gabriel Nudelman. "Vaccination Against COVID-19: A Longitudinal Trans-Theoretical Study to Determine Factors that Predict Intentions and Behavior." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 56, no. 4 (2021): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab101.
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Abstract Background Despite the clear benefits of vaccination, their uptake against common infectious diseases is suboptimal. In December 2020, vaccines against COVID-19 became available. Purpose To determine factors that predict who will take the COVID-19 vaccine based on a conceptual model. Methods An online survey was administered twice: prior to public vaccination, and after vaccinations were available. Participants were 309 Israelis with initial data and 240 at follow-up. Baseline questionnaires measured intentions to be vaccinated and hypothesized predictors clustered in four categories: background, COVID-19, vaccination, and social factors. Self-reported vaccination uptake was measured at follow-up. Results Sixty-two percent of the sample reported having been vaccinated. Intentions were strongly associated with vaccination uptake and mediated the effects of other predictors on behavior. Eighty-six percent of the variance in vaccination intentions was explained by attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination, regret for having declined vaccination, trust in vaccination, vaccination barriers, past flu vaccination, perceived social norms, and COVID-19 representations. Conclusions Beliefs related directly to the COVID-19 vaccine explained most of the variance in intentions to vaccinate, which in turn predicted vaccination uptake.
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Dratva, Julia, Aylin Wagner, Annina Zysset, and Thomas Volken. "To Vaccinate or Not to Vaccinate—This Is the Question among Swiss University Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (2021): 9210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179210.
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The speed and innovation of the COVID-19 vaccine development has been accompanied by insecurity and skepticism. Young adults’ attitude to vaccination remains under investigation, although herd immunity cannot be reached without them. The HEalth in Students during the Corona pandemic study (HES-C) provided the opportunity to investigate vaccination intention in 1478 students in the sixth survey wave (January 2021), including vaccination intention, psychological antecedents of vaccine hesitancy, trust in government’s vaccination strategy, and vaccination history. Associations with vaccination intention were analyzed with multivariate ordinal regression and predicted margins were calculated adjusting for gender, age, anxiety, health profession, and subjective health status. A third was decided (yes 25.1%, no 7.6%), and 68% were unsure about getting the COVID-19 vaccine when available. Next to demographic characteristics, vaccination history (influenza vaccination OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.06–1.83, travel vaccination OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04–1.60), trust in vaccination strategy (OR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.89–3.05), and 5C dimensions were associated with vaccination intention: confidence (OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 2.09–3.03), complacency (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66–0.96), calculation (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70–0.89), constraints (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99–1.41), and collective responsibility (OR = 4.47; 95% CI: 3.69–5.40). Addressing psychological antecedents and strengthening trust in official strategies through targeted campaigns and interventions may increase decisiveness and result in higher vaccination rates.
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Farina, Sara, Alessandra Maio, Maria Rosaria Gualano, Walter Ricciardi, and Leonardo Villani. "Childhood Mandatory Vaccinations: Current Situation in European Countries and Changes Occurred from 2014 to 2024." Vaccines 12, no. 11 (2024): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12111296.
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Background/Objectives: Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions, preventing millions of deaths globally each year. However, vaccine hesitancy, driven by misinformation and reduced disease risk perception, has led to declining vaccination rates and the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in Europe. In response to this, countries have implemented various strategies, including mandatory and recommended vaccination programs. The objective of this study is to map the current European landscape of pediatric vaccination policies, and the variations that have occurred in the last decade. Methods: This rapid review was conducted on PubMed, Google, and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control website, to collect all vaccination schedules in EU/EEA countries in 2024 and all documents focusing on the introduction of mandatory vaccines during the last decade. Results: As of 2024, 13 countries had at least one mandatory pediatric vaccination, with France, Hungary, and Latvia requiring all but one vaccine. In contrast, 17 countries had no mandatory vaccinations, relying only on recommendations. Between 2014 and 2024, six countries (Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Poland) introduced or extended mandatory vaccinations. Conclusions: European vaccination policies show significant variation. Effective programs depend on robust healthcare systems, public trust, and adaptable strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and the resurgence of VPDs.
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Barattucci, Massimiliano, Stefano Pagliaro, Chiara Ballone, et al. "Trust in Science as a Possible Mediator between Different Antecedents and COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Intention: An Integration of Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)." Vaccines 10, no. 7 (2022): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071099.
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As the literature highlights, many health behavior theories try to explain both social and psychological variables influencing an individual’s health behavior. This study integrates insights relative to the antecedents of getting vaccinated from health behavior theories, particularly including the health belief model (HBM), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and the different socio-demographic factors. Furthermore, we considered the possible mechanism of impact of distrust in science on individuals’ hesitance and resistance to taking up SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in subjects living in Italy. A correlational study of 1095 subjects enrolled when the national vaccination campaign for the third dose was launched. A questionnaire was used to measure: Italian Risk Perception; subjective norm; trust in science, trust in the vaccine; fear of COVID-19; fear of the vaccine; perceived knowledge about SARS-CoV-2; booster vaccination intention. Principal results show that: (i) the positive relationship provided by HBM theory between perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 risk (vulnerability and severity) and intention to have the vaccine, through fear of COVID-19; (ii) the positive relationship between subjective norms and both trust in science and vaccination intention; (iii) that trust in science plays a crucial role in predicting vaccination intention. Finally, the results provided indications about a positive relationship between subjective norms and fear of COVID-19, and a full mediation role of trust in science in the relationships between determinants of both TPA and HBM, fear of COVID-19, and vaccination intention. In conclusion, an individual’s intention (not) to get vaccinated requires the consideration of a plethora of socio-psychological factors. However, overall, trust in science appears to be a key determinant of vaccination intention. Additional strategies promoting healthy behavior are needed.
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Žeželj, Iris, Marija Petrović, Anja Ivanović, and Predrag Kurčubić. "I trust my immunity more than your vaccines: “Appeal to nature” bias strongly predicts questionable health behaviors in the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0279122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279122.
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Health care policies often rely on public cooperation, especially during a health crisis. However, a crisis is also a period of uncertainty and proliferation of health-related advice: while some people adhere to the official recommendations, others tend to avoid them and resort to non-evidence based, pseudoscientific practices. People prone to the latter are often the ones endorsing a set of epistemically suspect beliefs, with two being particularly relevant: conspiratorial pandemic-related beliefs, and the appeal to nature bias regarding COVID-19 (i.e., trusting natural immunity to fight the pandemic). These in turn are rooted in trust in different epistemic authorities, seen as mutually exclusive: trust in science and trust in the “wisdom of the common man”. Drawing from two nationally representative probability samples, we tested a model in which trust in science/wisdom of the common man predicted COVID-19 vaccination status (Study 1, N = 1001) or vaccination status alongside use of pseudoscientific health practices (Study 2, N = 1010), through COVID-19 conspiratorial beliefs and the appeal to nature bias regarding COVID-19. As expected, epistemically suspect beliefs were interrelated, related to vaccination status, and to both types of trust. Moreover, trust in science had both a direct and indirect effect on vaccination status through both types of epistemically suspect beliefs. Trust in the wisdom of the common man had only an indirect effect on vaccination status. Contrary to the way they are typically portrayed, the two types of trust were unrelated. These results were largely replicated in the second study, in which we added pseudoscientific practices as an outcome; trust in science and the wisdom of the common man contributed to their prediction only indirectly, through epistemically suspect beliefs. We offer recommendations on how to make use of different types of epistemic authorities and how to tackle unfounded beliefs in communication during a health crisis.
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Intan, Putri, and Purnomo Hari. "Determining factors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake among elderly in Indonesia." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 11, no. 2 (2022): 713–23. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i2.21215.
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The elderly is the most vulnerable population group during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Unfortunately, the vaccination uptake against COVID-19 among the seniors was considered low. This research aimed to point out the most significant factor as the recommendation for government to develop strategy in increasing COVID-19 participation among elderly. The variables are the health belief model, trust in health authorities and media, the experience regarding COVID-19, the general vaccination behaviour, and the novel contribution is the addition of the health protocol compliance as the determining factors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake action among the elderly in Indonesia. The online survey using a structured questionnaire obtained 213 respondents aged ≥55 years old. Structured equation modelling was employed to test the model. The result showed that the health belief model (β=0.296), trust in media and authorities (β=0.524), and general vaccination behaviour (β=0.319) significantly affect health protocol compliance. The health belief model (β=0.699), trust in media authorities (β=0.933), and health protocol compliance (β=0.406) significantly affected the COVID-19 vaccination uptake behaviour. This result gives the implication that the government should focus on improving the trust in media and authorities among the elderly. This action would improve the knowledge of COVID-19 and increase the vaccination coverage among the elderly.
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Kohn, Liberty. "How COVID Vaccination Hesitancy, Social Class, and Economic Inequality Reveal a New Dimension of Public Trust." Journal of Working-Class Studies 7, no. 2 (2022): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v7i2.7611.
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COVID vaccination data on United States’ citizens reveals that working-class citizens across multicultural domains and political identities are vaccinating at lower rates because working-class citizens do not feel that public institutions have met obligations to improve their life. This belief in unmet obligations illustrates a new facet of institutional trust: a general indifference to institutional requests. This indifference to institutional request, with indifference as a new dimension of trust, differs from past working-class scholarship on institutional trust, which often finds anger, submission, or scapegoating other groups as common responses to institutional request or rhetoric. This article also recapitulates the strong relationship between the U.S.’s high economic inequality and working-class lack of trust and indifference toward public institutions.
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Toro-Ascuy, Daniela, Nicolás Cifuentes-Muñoz, Andrea Avaria, et al. "Factors Influencing the Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines in a Country with a High Vaccination Rate." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (2022): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050681.
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Control of the COVID-19 pandemic largely depends on the effectiveness of the vaccination process. An understanding of the factors that underlie the willingness to accept vaccination contributes pivotal information to controlling the pandemic. We analyzed the association between the willingness to accept the available COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine determinants amidst the Chilean vaccination process. Individual-level survey data was collected from 744 nationally representative respondents and multivariate regression models were used to estimate the association between outcome and explanatory variables. We found that trust in COVID-19 vaccines, scientists, and medical professionals significantly increased the willingness to: accept the vaccines and booster doses, as well as annual vaccinations and the vaccination of children. Our results are critical to understanding the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in the context of a country with one of the world’s highest vaccination rates. We provide useful information for decision-making and policy design, in addition to establishing guidelines regarding how to effectively explain vaccination programs to citizens.
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Toro-Ascuy, Daniela, Nicolás Cifuentes-Muñoz, Andrea Avaria, et al. "Factors Influencing the Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines in a Country with a High Vaccination Rate." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (2022): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050681.
Full textAbstract:
Control of the COVID-19 pandemic largely depends on the effectiveness of the vaccination process. An understanding of the factors that underlie the willingness to accept vaccination contributes pivotal information to controlling the pandemic. We analyzed the association between the willingness to accept the available COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine determinants amidst the Chilean vaccination process. Individual-level survey data was collected from 744 nationally representative respondents and multivariate regression models were used to estimate the association between outcome and explanatory variables. We found that trust in COVID-19 vaccines, scientists, and medical professionals significantly increased the willingness to: accept the vaccines and booster doses, as well as annual vaccinations and the vaccination of children. Our results are critical to understanding the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in the context of a country with one of the world’s highest vaccination rates. We provide useful information for decision-making and policy design, in addition to establishing guidelines regarding how to effectively explain vaccination programs to citizens.
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KEEL, P., G. EDWARDS, J. FLOOD, et al. "Assessing the impact of a nurse-delivered home dried blood spot service on uptake of testing for household contacts of hepatitis B-infected pregnant women across two London trusts." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 10 (2016): 2087–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815003325.
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SUMMARYDespite national guidance recommending testing and vaccination of household contacts of hepatitis B-infected pregnant women, provision and uptake of this is sub-optimal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of in-home dried blood spot (DBS) testing to increase testing and vaccination of household contacts of hepatitis B-infected pregnant women as an alternative approach to conventional primary-care follow-up. The study was conducted across two London maternity trusts (North Middlesex and Newham). All hepatitis B surface antigen-positive pregnant women identified through these trusts were eligible for inclusion. The intervention of in-home DBS testing for household contacts was introduced at North Middlesex Trust from November 2010 to December 2011. Data on testing and vaccination uptake from GP records across the two trusts were compared between baseline (2009) and intervention (2010–2011) periods. In-home DBS service increased testing uptake for all ages (P < 0·001) with the biggest impact seen in partners, where testing increased from 30·3% during the baseline period to 96·6% during the intervention period in North Middlesex Trust. Although impact on vaccine uptake was less marked, improvements were observed for adults. The provision of nurse-led home-based DBS may be useful in areas of high prevalence.
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Larson, Heidi J., Richard M. Clarke, Caitlin Jarrett, et al. "Measuring trust in vaccination: A systematic review." Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 14, no. 7 (2018): 1599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1459252.
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