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Journal articles on the topic 'Truth bias'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Clementson, David E. "Truth Bias and Partisan Bias in Political Deception Detection." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 37, no. 4 (2017): 407–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x17744004.

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This study tests the effects of political partisanship on voters’ perception and detection of deception. Based on social identity theory, in-group members should consider their politician’s message truthful while the opposing out-group would consider the message deceptive. Truth-default theory predicts that a salient in-group would be susceptible to deception from their in-group politician. In an experiment, partisan voters in the United States ( N = 618) watched a news interview in which a politician was labeled Democratic or Republican. The politician either answered all the questions or dec

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2

Hiner, Amanda. "Truth-seeking Versus Confirmation Bias." Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines 31, no. 1 (2016): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/inquiryct20163115.

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3

Brahams, Diana. "Truth, bias, and the medical “expert”." Lancet 353, no. 9162 (1999): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)00143-9.

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Lloyd, E. Paige, Kurt Hugenberg, Allen R. McConnell, Jonathan W. Kunstman, and Jason C. Deska. "Black and White Lies: Race-Based Biases in Deception Judgments." Psychological Science 28, no. 8 (2017): 1125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617705399.

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In six studies ( N = 605), participants made deception judgments about videos of Black and White targets who told truths and lies about interpersonal relationships. In Studies 1a, 1b, 1c, and 2, White participants judged that Black targets were telling the truth more often than they judged that White targets were telling the truth. This truth bias was predicted by Whites’ motivation to respond without prejudice. For Black participants, however, motives to respond without prejudice did not moderate responses (Study 2). In Study 3, we found similar effects with a manipulation of the targets’ app

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5

McGuire, Matt. "The Trouble(s) with Transitional Justice: David Park's The Truth Commissioner." Irish University Review 47, supplement (2017): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2017.0307.

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David Park's The Truth Commissioner (2008) tells the story of a fictional truth commission, established in the wake of the Northern Irish Troubles. To date, one of the most striking things about Northern Ireland has been its reluctance to engage in any wide-ranging, public process for dealing with the legacy of the Troubles. The Truth Commissioner diagnoses this specific moment in Northern Irish history. This article examines Park's engagement with three key issues, often overlooked by advocates of truth telling initiatives: the emergence of multiple (often incompatible) truths, the ambiguous

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Elaad, Eitan. "Truth Bias and Regression toward the Mean Phenomenon in Detecting Deception." Psychological Reports 106, no. 2 (2010): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.106.2.641-642.

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A 2009 study by Masip, et al. contended that the truth bias appears in brief communications. They demonstrated a strong truth bias when truth–lie judgments were made at the beginning of the judged statement. Over time, a decrease in the truth bias and an increase in accuracy were observed. The improvement was explained by systematic information processing. The present paper suggests an alternative explanation, which rests on the phenomenon of regression toward the mean.

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7

Sheps, Sam, and David Birnbaum. "Aspects of Truth: Statistics, Bias, and Confounding." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13, no. 7 (1992): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30147151.

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8

West, Tessa V., and David A. Kenny. "The truth and bias model of judgment." Psychological Review 118, no. 2 (2011): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022936.

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9

Street, Chris N. H., and Daniel C. Richardson. "Descartes Versus Spinoza: Truth, Uncertainty, and Bias." Social Cognition 33, no. 3 (2015): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2015.33.2.2.

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Sheps, Sam, and David Birnbaum. "Aspects of Truth: Statistics, Bias, and Confounding." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 13, no. 7 (1992): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646560.

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11

Mahtani, Kamal, Elizabeth A. Spencer, Jon Brassey, and Carl Heneghan. "Catalogue of bias: observer bias." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 23, no. 1 (2018): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmed-2017-110884.

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This article is part of a series featured from the Catalogue of Bias introduced in this volume of BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine that describes biases and outlines their potential impact in research studies. Observer bias is systematic discrepancy from the truth during the process of observing and recording information for a study. Many healthcare observations are at risk of this bias. Evidence shows that treatment effect estimates can be exaggerated by a third to two-thirds in the presence of observer bias in outcome assessment. Preventing observer bias involves proper masking in intervention st

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12

Lei, Yang, James C. Bezdek, Simone Romano, Nguyen Xuan Vinh, Jeffrey Chan, and James Bailey. "Ground truth bias in external cluster validity indices." Pattern Recognition 65 (May 2017): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2016.12.003.

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13

Street, Chris N. H., and Jaume Masip. "The source of the truth bias: Heuristic processing?" Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 56, no. 3 (2015): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12204.

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14

Brashier, Nadia M., and Elizabeth J. Marsh. "Judging Truth." Annual Review of Psychology 71, no. 1 (2020): 499–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050807.

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Deceptive claims surround us, embedded in fake news, advertisements, political propaganda, and rumors. How do people know what to believe? Truth judgments reflect inferences drawn from three types of information: base rates, feelings, and consistency with information retrieved from memory. First, people exhibit a bias to accept incoming information, because most claims in our environments are true. Second, people interpret feelings, like ease of processing, as evidence of truth. And third, people can (but do not always) consider whether assertions match facts and source information stored in m

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15

Park, Arum. "TRUTH AND GENRE IN PINDAR." Classical Quarterly 63, no. 1 (2013): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000983881200078x.

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By convention epinician poetry claims to be both obligatory and truthful, yet in the intersection of obligation and truth lies a seeming paradox: the poet presents his poetry as commissioned by a patron but also claims to be unbiased enough to convey the truth. In Slater's interpretation Pindar reconciles this paradox by casting his relationship to the patron as one of guest-friendship: when he declares himself a guest-friend of the victor, he agrees to the obligation ‘a) not to be envious of hisxenosand b) to speak well of him. The argumentation is:Xeniaexcludes envy, I am axenos, therefore I

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Jaffé, Mariela E., and Rainer Greifeneder. "Less Than I Expected and oh so True? On the Interplay Between Expectations and Framing Effects in Judgments of Truth." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 38, no. 5-6 (2019): 735–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x19869392.

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This article investigates the negativity bias in truth judgments, which holds that negatively (vs. positively) framed statements are more likely to be judged true. Throughout four studies we find that expectations moderate the negativity bias. In particular, Study 1 failed to replicate the negativity bias with standard items. In Study 2 we investigated individuals’ expectations regarding the statements. When systematically adjusting the percentages in negatively framed statements to be lower than expected, a negativity bias occurred in Study 3. Building on this knowledge in Study 4, we systema

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Wieringa, Sietse, Eivind Engebretsen, Kristin Heggen, and Trish Greenhalgh. "Rethinking bias and truth in evidence-based health care." Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 24, no. 5 (2018): 930–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jep.13010.

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Hilbig, Benjamin E. "Sad, thus true: Negativity bias in judgments of truth." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, no. 4 (2009): 983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.04.012.

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19

Xu, Qi, and Patrick E. Shrout. "Accuracy and Bias in Perception of Distress Level and Distress Change Among Same-Sex College Student Roommate Dyads." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 6 (2018): 899–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217754192.

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University students often experience high levels of stress and, in some cases, the stress leads to tragic outcomes. An important question is whether roommates can perceive the level and change in distress in their peers. We examined self- and other-reports of 187 same-sex undergraduate dyads at two times in a spring semester. Using the truth and bias model, we found that roommates tended to underestimate their partner’s distress at both time points, and that ratings were equally influenced by truth and self-focus bias forces. For change, however, there was no evidence of directional (average)

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20

Consiglio, Anthony. "Gender Identity and Narrative Truth: An Autobiographical Approach to Bias." English Journal 88, no. 3 (1999): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/821582.

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21

Meissner, Christian A., and Saul M. Kassin. ""He's guilty!": Investigator bias in judgments of truth and deception." Law and Human Behavior 26, no. 5 (2002): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1020278620751.

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22

MILLAR, MURRAY G., and KAREN U. MILLAR. "The Effects of Cognitive Capacity and Suspicion on Truth Bias." Communication Research 24, no. 5 (1997): 556–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009365097024005005.

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23

Zhou, Haotian, Xilin Li, and Jessica Sim. "Conflating Temporal Advancement and Epistemic Advancement: The Progression Bias in Judgment and Decision Making." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 11 (2019): 1563–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219838542.

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When seeking out the truth about a certain aspect of the world, people frequently conduct several inquiries successively over a time span. Later inquiries usually improve upon earlier ones; thus, it is typically rational to expect the finding of a later inquiry to be closer to the truth than that of an earlier one. However, when no meaningful differences exist between earlier and later inquiries, later findings should not be considered epistemically superior. However, in these cases, people continue to regard findings from later inquiries as closer to the truth than earlier ones. In 10 experim

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Jaffé, Mariela E., and Rainer Greifeneder. "Negative Is True Here and Now, But Not So Much There and Then." Experimental Psychology 67, no. 5 (2020): 314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000493.

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Abstract. How do people judge the veracity of a message? The negativity bias in judgments of truth describes the phenomenon that the same message is more likely judged as true when framed negatively compared to positively. This manuscript investigates the negativity bias in conditions of psychological proximity and the possibility that the bias decreases when distance increases. This notion is informed by construal level theory, which holds that negative information is more salient and weighed more strongly in conditions of psychological proximity compared to distance. Against this background,

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Masip, Jaume, Eugenio Garrido, and Carmen Herrero. "Heuristic versus Systematic Processing of Information in Detecting Deception: Questioning the Truth Bias." Psychological Reports 105, no. 1 (2009): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.1.11-36.

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Research on nonverbal detection of deception has normally been conducted by asking observers to judge the veracity of a number of videotaped communications. These video clips have typically been very short. Observers have a tendency to judge most of these statements as truthful. An experiment was conducted in which 52 participants (44 women, 8 men; M age = 22.2 yr., SD = 2.2) who were taking a psychology and law course were requested to make judgments of credibility at different points of the senders' statements. A strong truth bias was apparent when judgments were made at the beginning of the

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Xiu, Lichao, Ya Yang, Ting Han, and Guoming Yu. "Emotional expression inhibits attention bias: From the post-truth era perspective." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 4 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8961.

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Post-truth denotes circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than are appeals to emotion and personal belief. Few researchers have investigated the influence of posttruth-era communication modes, especially emotional reporting modes, on people's attention bias, which is an essential feature of their information selection. We randomly divided 50 participants into an experimental group (n = 25), who read an emotional report, and a control group (n = 25), who read an objective, neutral report. Then both groups completed a dot-probe task to investigate w

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27

Barni, Daniela, Sonia Ranieri, Laura Ferrari, Francesca Danioni, and Rosa Rosnati. "Parents’ perceptions of their adolescent children’s personal values: truth or bias?" Journal of Family Studies 25, no. 3 (2016): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2016.1259120.

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28

Chen, Jianlin. "Bias and Religious Truth-Seeking in Proselytization Restrictions: An Atypical Case Study of Singapore." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 8 (2013): 1–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2194607800000867.

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AbstractProselytisation restrictions are typically subjected to two objections. First, these restrictions curtail religious liberty and impede religious truth-seeking. Second, these restrictions tend to favour politically dominant religions and discriminate against minority religions. The restrictions on offensive religious propagation in Singapore thus present an interesting departure in which sanctioned religions are not politically marginalised religions, whereas protected religions include numerical minority religions that are socially, economically, and politically disadvantaged. This art

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Zagheni, Emilio, and Ingmar Weber. "Demographic research with non-representative internet data." International Journal of Manpower 36, no. 1 (2015): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2014-0261.

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Purpose – Internet data hold many promises for demographic research, but come with severe drawbacks due to several types of bias. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature that uses internet data for demographic studies and presents a general framework for addressing the problem of selection bias in non-representative samples. Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose two main approaches to reduce bias. When ground truth data are available, the authors suggest a method that relies on calibration of the online data against reliable official statistics. When no ground truth d

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Starke, Georg, Eva De Clercq, and Bernice S. Elger. "Towards a pragmatist dealing with algorithmic bias in medical machine learning." Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 24, no. 3 (2021): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11019-021-10008-5.

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AbstractMachine Learning (ML) is on the rise in medicine, promising improved diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic clinical tools. While these technological innovations are bound to transform health care, they also bring new ethical concerns to the forefront. One particularly elusive challenge regards discriminatory algorithmic judgements based on biases inherent in the training data. A common line of reasoning distinguishes between justified differential treatments that mirror true disparities between socially salient groups, and unjustified biases which do not, leading to misdiagnosis and e

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Badke, William. "Fake News, Confirmation Bias, the Search for Truth, and the Theology Student." Theological Librarianship 11, no. 2 (2018): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/tl.v11i2.519.

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In an era in which the reliability of many kinds of information are in question, the theological library has a crucial role to play in guiding students in their evaluation of the resources available to them both within and outside of our collections. Confirmation bias creates a strong obstacle, as does the tendency for theological students to create fortresses of belief that prevent them from fully engaging with all views and evaluating them both openly and effectively. While students may have varying opinions about the possibility of finding truth, they need to discover the best means to come

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Rosenberry, Jack. "NRJ Books: What Liberal Media? The Truth about Bias and the News." Newspaper Research Journal 24, no. 4 (2003): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953290302400415.

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Street, Chris N. H., and Alan Kingstone. "Aligning Spinoza with Descartes: An informed Cartesian account of the truth bias." British Journal of Psychology 108, no. 3 (2016): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12210.

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BAR-KALIFA, ERAN, ESHKOL RAFAELI, and HARAN SENED. "Truth and bias in daily judgments of support receipt between romantic partners." Personal Relationships 23, no. 1 (2016): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pere.12110.

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Gentzkow, Matthew, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Competition and Truth in the Market for News." Journal of Economic Perspectives 22, no. 2 (2008): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.2.133.

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In this essay, we evaluate the case for competition in news markets from the perspective of economics. First, we consider the simple proposition that when more points of view are heard and defended, beliefs will converge to the truth. This concept of “competition” is several steps removed from market competition among actual media firms, but it has played a prominent role in the legal arguments for a free press. We then explore three mechanisms by which increasing competition, or more precisely increasing the number of independently-owned firms, can limit bias or distortions that originate on

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Hahn, Jinyong, and Guido Kuersteiner. "BIAS REDUCTION FOR DYNAMIC NONLINEAR PANEL MODELS WITH FIXED EFFECTS." Econometric Theory 27, no. 6 (2011): 1152–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466611000028.

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The fixed effects estimator of panel models can be severely biased because of well-known incidental parameter problems. It is shown that this bias can be reduced in nonlinear dynamic panel models. We consider asymptotics wherenandTgrow at the same rate as an approximation that facilitates comparison of bias properties. Under these asymptotics, the bias-corrected estimators we propose are centered at the truth, whereas fixed effects estimators are not. We discuss several examples and provide Monte Carlo evidence for the small sample performance of our procedure.

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Matthews, Jeffrey B. "Truth and truthiness: evidence, experience and clinical judgement in surgery." British Journal of Surgery 108, no. 7 (2021): 742–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znab087.

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The scientific basis of surgery, derived through observation and experiment, does not fully account for surgical expertise gained through experience. The evidence that supports surgical practice is limited, elusive, and subject to bias. Surgical judgment requires not only explicit, fact-based, knowledge but also tacit forms of understanding that are not easily teachable or testable.

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BLAIR, GRAEME, ALEXANDER COPPOCK, and MARGARET MOOR. "When to Worry about Sensitivity Bias: A Social Reference Theory and Evidence from 30 Years of List Experiments." American Political Science Review 114, no. 4 (2020): 1297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055420000374.

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Eliciting honest answers to sensitive questions is frustrated if subjects withhold the truth for fear that others will judge or punish them. The resulting bias is commonly referred to as social desirability bias, a subset of what we label sensitivity bias. We make three contributions. First, we propose a social reference theory of sensitivity bias to structure expectations about survey responses on sensitive topics. Second, we explore the bias-variance trade-off inherent in the choice between direct and indirect measurement technologies. Third, to estimate the extent of sensitivity bias, we me

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Izotovas, Aleksandras, Aldert Vrij, Leif A. Strömwall, and Samantha Mann. "Facilitating Memory-Based Lie Detection in Immediate and Delayed Interviewing: The Role of Sketch Mnemonic." Psichologija 61 (October 2, 2020): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2020.16.

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Memory enhancing techniques, or mnemonics, are typically recommended in evidence-based investigative interviewing guidelines. In the current study, the use of a sketch mnemonic and its effect on the responses of truth tellers and liars was examined. Participants (n = 49) watched a mock intelligence operation video. They were instructed to tell the truth or lie about this operation in an interview immediately afterwards, and again after a two-week delay. In both interviews participants were requested to make a sketch of the place of the mock operation, and then to verbally describe the drawing.

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Anolli, Luigi, Michela Balconi, and Rita Ciceri. "LINGUISTIC STYLES IN DECEPTIVE COMMUNICATION: DUBITATIVE AMBIGUITY AND ELLIPTIC ELUDING IN PACKAGED LIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 31, no. 7 (2003): 687–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.7.687.

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This paper was aimed at addressing the topic of communicative styles of deception. University students were asked to describe a picture with varying truth/lie conditions. In accordance with their perception or being deliberately against it, the participant could: tell the truth (T); lie to an acquiescent recipient (L1); or lie to a suspicious recipient (L2). The goal was to investigate whether or not different linguistic styles could be correlated to the cognitive complexity of the task as regards the truth bias or lie bias of the recipient. Specifically, two sets of linguistic aspects – micro

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Pinkham, Amy E., Jonathon R. Shasteen, and Robert A. Ackerman. "Metaperception of personality in schizophrenia." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 10, no. 2 (2019): 204380871984091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043808719840915.

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Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) form less accurate mental representations of the self and others, which contributes to social dysfunction. It remains unclear, however, whether such deficits extend to metaperception (MP), the ability to understand how others view one’s own personality. In Phase 1 of this study, 30 individuals with SCZ and 30 healthy controls (HCs) had a videotaped conversation with an experimenter and then completed a Big Five trait questionnaire, with the goal of predicting how strangers who view their videos would rate them on the five personality traits. In Phase 2, sep

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Scott, Timothy. "Tricks of the Trade." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 8, no. 2 (2006): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/ehpp.8.2.133.

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Before receiving Food and Drug Administration approval, drug manufacturers must conduct clinical trials of their new drugs. Although all drug studies can be manipulated, antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs are particularly vulnerable to bias. The bias is not limited to the makers of these drugs. Most psychiatrists and their professional organizations strongly favor the use of neuropsychopharmacologic agents even when justifying data are lacking. This article relates an example of this bias involving antidepressants and suicide risk and then discusses 10 common research design strategies tha

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Wickham, Robert E., and Melissa H. Bond. "Accuracy and bias in perceptions of relationship authenticity." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 1 (2019): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519851567.

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Impressions regarding the attributes of romantic partners play an important role in shaping attributions for relationship-relevant behaviors, but these perceptions are a mix of fact and fiction. In the light of recent work demonstrating the importance of authenticity in relationships, the present study examined these accuracy and bias in perceptions of authenticity among dating and married couples. Ratings of self- and perceived-partner authenticity were obtained from 107 heterosexual couples and subjected to Truth-and-Bias analysis using Bayesian Structural Equations Modeling (SEM). Analyses

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Moritz, Daniel, and John E. Roberts. "Depressive Symptoms and Self-Esteem as Moderators of Metaperceptions of Social Rejection Versus Acceptance: A Truth and Bias Analysis." Clinical Psychological Science 8, no. 2 (2020): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619894906.

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Metaperception involves making judgments regarding what others think of us and is important in navigating the social world. We measured the degree of accuracy and bias in metaperceptions of liking and desire for future contact following unstructured social interactions with new acquaintances and tested how depression and self-esteem influence bias and accuracy in these judgments. Results indicated that depression and lower self-esteem are associated with negative directional biases but are also associated with lower reciprocity bias (the tendency to assume that partners return one’s feelings o

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Borges Blázquez, Raquel. "El sesgo de la máquina en la toma de decisiones en el proceso penal." IUS ET SCIENTIA 6, no. 2 (2020): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ietscientia.2020.i02.05.

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Artificial intelligence has countless advantages in our lives. On the one hand, computer’s capacity to store and connect data is far superior to human capacity. On the other hand, its “intelligence” also involves deep ethical problems that the law must respond to. I say “intelligence” because nowadays machines are not intelligent. Machines only use the data that a human being has previously offered as true. The truth is relative and the data will have the same biases and prejudices as the human who programs the machine. In other words, machines will be racist, sexist and classist if their prog

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46

Toribio, Josefa. "Implicit Bias: from social structure to representational format." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 33, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.17751.

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In this paper, I argue against the view that the representational structure of the implicit attitudes responsible for implicitly biased behaviour is propositional—as opposed to associationist. The proposal under criticism moves from the claim that implicit biased behaviour can occasionally be modulated by logical and evidential considerations to the view that the structure of the implicit attitudes responsible for such biased behaviour is propositional. I argue, in particular, against the truth of this conditional. Sensitivity to logical and evidential considerations, I contend, proves to be a

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Mlađenović, Nikola. "The Bias of Mediatization: Utopia in Charlottesville." Mediatization Studies 3 (October 16, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/ms.2019.3.69-81.

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<p>The paper reconstructs Harold innis’ idea of media’s bias. It is argued that media construct a view of the future in line with temporalized Platonism that excludes people that belong to the past. The clash of statues and media in Charlottesville presented mediatization as a progressive but not dialectical force. Statues and media did not check each other’s biases. Media embody the confrontation of authority and publicity (Habermas) or the Enlightenment and Absolutism (Koselleck). After the neoliberal commercialization, the Enlightenment acquired the form of utopian future that confron

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Freedle, Roy. "Further Comment: The Truth and the Truthful Sages That Spin It: A Review of Dorans." Harvard Educational Review 74, no. 1 (2004): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.74.1.8147212057g74635.

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Pryzant, Reid, Richard Diehl Martinez, Nathan Dass, Sadao Kurohashi, Dan Jurafsky, and Diyi Yang. "Automatically Neutralizing Subjective Bias in Text." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 01 (2020): 480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i01.5385.

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Abstract:

Texts like news, encyclopedias, and some social media strive for objectivity. Yet bias in the form of inappropriate subjectivity — introducing attitudes via framing, presupposing truth, and casting doubt — remains ubiquitous. This kind of bias erodes our collective trust and fuels social conflict. To address this issue, we introduce a novel testbed for natural language generation: automatically bringing inappropriately subjective text into a neutral point of view (“neutralizing” biased text). We also offer the first parallel corpus of biased language. The corpus contains 180,000 sentence pairs

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Yoon, Jungsoo, Chulsang Yoo, and Eunho Ha. "On the Use of Threshold for the Ground Validation of Satellite Rain Rate." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/254378.

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Ground-truthing is a major problem in the satellite estimation of rain rate. This problem is that the measurement taken by the satellite sensor is fundamentally different from the one it is compared with on the ground. Additionally, since the satellite has the limited capability to measure the light rain rate exactly, the comparison should also consider the threshold value of satellite rain rate. This paper proposes a ground-truth design with threshold for the satellite rain rate. This ground-truth design is the generalization of the conventional ground-truth design which considered the only (

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