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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Truthfulness'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

Gaseltine, Kazimiera Maria. "Nietzsche on truth and truthfulness." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627389.

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2

Blackett, Nina Jane. "Mediated transparency : truth, truthfulness, and rightness in digital healthcare discourse." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/941/.

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This thesis addresses the challenges of producing digitally mediated healthcare information, a high-stakes arena which is conceptualised as a complex discourse and its diverse producers as interlocutors within this discourse. The study is located theoretically in the tradition of universal or formal pragmatics, the foundation of Habermas’s theory of communicative action. Building on this theoretical core a conceptual framework is developed that integrates insight from several other traditions, including communication studies. The notion of communicative transparency is aligned with the idealised goal of a rich informational context supporting a range of perspectives in movement towards a balanced and consensual understanding by lay and expert actors of healthcare in our world. The central research question is: Can digital mediation increase the transparency of healthcare communication? The empirical focus rests on two organisations involved in the creation of digital information products. Key mediators of meaning in digital healthcare information are identified as the diverse types of expertise of its producers, the materiality of digital artefacts, and the communicative mechanisms, processes and practices that often lead to departures from the normative idealised standard of transparency. The methodology is a comparative case analysis based on field research employing principally interviews to build a rich corpus, analysed using a recursive in-depth thematic coding procedure to reveal the ways in which digitally mediated healthcare meanings are shaped and shared. The study demonstrates how communicative transparency emerges from shared frames of reference and common models of communication. It is concluded that digital mediation can indeed increase the transparency of healthcare information by supporting the deepening of Habermasian rational discourse, providing that validity claims to truth, truthfulness, and rightness can be raised and resolved at all stages in the discourse among all interlocutors, whatever their role and status.
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3

Turner, Peter Jeremy James. "Spiritual Narratives in Late Antiquity : Three Studies of Truthfulness and Historicity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503994.

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4

Popescu, Florentina C. "Four Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Thinkers on the Truthfulness of Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342103775.

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5

Abell, Meghann Lynn. "Assessing Fraud Risk, Trustworthiness, Reliability, and Truthfulness: Integrating Audit Evidence from Multiple Sources." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27763.

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To assess fraud risk, auditors collect evidence in a sequential manner by reviewing workpaper documentation, and by collecting corroborating and clarifying information from financial (management) personnel and nonfinancial (operating) personnel. SAS 99 (AICPA, 2002) noted that audit evidence gathered from financial personnel may be susceptible to deception. In addition, prior researchers have found auditors to be poor at detecting deception immediately following deceptive communication. Though the audit process is sequential and iterative, these studies measured auditors– ability to detect deception at a single point and did not provide corroborating evidence after the deceptive communication for auditors to revise their judgments. In this study, I examined auditors’ fraud risk assessments and truthfulness judgments throughout the audit process when there was an attempt at deception by management (financial) personnel. The belief adjustment model provided a framework to examine auditors’ initial judgments, their judgments directly following a deception attempt by financial personnel, and their judgments after receiving corroborating evidence from nonfinancial personnel. Sixty-four experienced auditors electronically completed one of four randomly assigned cases and, within each case, assessed the fraud risk, truthfulness, trustworthiness, and reliability of financial personnel at multiple points for a fictitious client. I manipulated the presence (absence) of fraud and the level of experience of the source of corroborating evidence (operating personnel). I hypothesized that auditors would not be able to differentially evaluate fraud risk and truthfulness judgments of financial personnel between the fraud and no fraud conditions when exposed to workpaper documentation and deceptive client inquiry evidence by management (financial personnel). However, I expected to find that auditors– would update their fraud risk and truthfulness judgments as they reviewed audit evidence from nonfinancial (operating) personnel. The results indicate that auditors in this study are not able to appropriately assess fraud risk and the truthfulness of financial personnel following the review of workpaper and client inquiry evidence. While the client was deceptive in the fraud condition only, auditors did not differentially assess the fraud risk and truthfulness of financial personnel between the fraud and no fraud conditions. After auditors reviewed evidence from nonfinancial personnel, in the presence of fraud, auditors increased their fraud risk and decreased their truthfulness judgments of financial personnel as inconsistent evidence was presented from a corroborating source. Therefore, in the presence of fraud, auditors improved the effectiveness of the audit process by appropriately increasing their fraud risk assessments in light of inconsistent audit evidence from nonfinancial (operating) personnel. Of equal importance, in the absence of fraud, auditors decreased their fraud risk assessments as consistent evidence was presented from a corroborating source. Therefore, auditors increased the efficiency of the audit process by appropriately decreasing their fraud risk assessments after integrating consistent audit evidence from nonfinancial personnel into their judgments. Further, I observed that these auditors revised their fraud risk assessments to a greater extent when audit evidence was provided by a source with a higher level of experience. Though prior research has found auditors to be poor at detecting deception, the results of this study indicate that auditors will increase or decrease their fraud risk assessments and truthfulness judgments based on the consistency of audit evidence gathered from a corroborating source. Therefore, in practice, auditors may be able to detect deception as the audit progresses.
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6

Jaquess, David Lynn. "Lying in children as a function of adult monitoring." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-172504/.

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7

Alexander, James Barlow Brian Haskin Douglas. "National Security Personnel System (NSPS) an analysis of key stakeholders' perceptions during DoD's implementation of NSPS /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/JAP/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FAlexander%5FJAP.pdf.

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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in [Management] from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010."
Advisor(s): Brook, Douglas A. ; Dillard, John. "June 2010." "Joint applied project"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on July 11, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: The National Security Personnel System, Communication, Trust, Credibility, Change Implementation, Supervisor Employee Relations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-117). Also available in print.
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8

Martin, Sarah E. "Ethos and senior leader communication examining responses to a policy change memo /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun_Martin.pdf.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): King, Cynthia L. ; Second Reader: Simon, Cary. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 15, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Leader communication, senior leader communication, business communication, reception study, ethos, persuasive messages, credibility. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). Also available in print.
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9

Kaplar, Mary E. "Lying happily ever after altruistic white lies, positive illusions, and relationship satisfaction /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1147758888.

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10

Eldridge-Smith, Peter. "The liar paradox and its relatives /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20081016.173200/index.html.

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11

Sahlman, James M. "A comparative analysis of deception detection between blind and sighted individuals." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2216.

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This study hypothesizes a greater ability by blind subjects in detecting deceptive communication from an audio channel only. Accuracy and confidence levels for the blind were compared with normally sighted undergraduate students' results. All subjects were requested to indicate their perception on several audible cues, including: speech errors, pauses, vocal segregates, response duration, vocal certainty, vocal tension, vocal pleasantness, speaking volume and rate. Subjects also indicated whether they thought the messages on the stimulus tapes were deceptive or truthful. Stimulus tapes containing deceptive statements were created by inducing a cheating incident. Undergraduate students in a lower-level communication course participated in a dot estimation task where they either performed on their own abilities or cheated with a confederate. Interviews immediately following the procedure resulted in deceptive responses from all subjects induced into cheating. A discussion of cheating as a methodology is presented in the final chapter. Results from this study indicate that blind participants tended to be more accurate at detecting deceptive communication than sighted subjects. Although vocal cues were rated similarly by both groups, the greater detection accuracy by the blind suggests sensory compensation may occur as a result of blindness. The final chapter suggests that with better measurement of audible cues used by the blind, future research may discover much about the importance of these deceptive cues.
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12

Parks, Colleen M. "Aging and the illusion of truth : contextual influences on judgments of validity and familiarity." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29390.

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13

Lee, Seow Ting. "Lying to tell the truth : journalists and the ethics of deception /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060117.

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14

Luo, Ying. "A credibility-based classification of journalistic blogs a literature study on credibility indicators and examination of illustrative cases /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1237233585.

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15

Polage, Danielle Cristi. "Truth, lies, and memory change : the effects of lying on subsequent memory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9171.

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16

Albrechtsen, Justin Scott. "Are intuitive responses more accurate at detecting deception than deliberate responses?" To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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17

Fu, Hanlong. "The role of cynicism and involvement in perceived credibility of media sources among college students." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/h_fu_071808.pdf.

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18

Workman, David. "Lying and cheating behavior in school children /." View online, 1995. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998757516.pdf.

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19

Bradford, Deborah Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Detection of deception in the confessional context." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31160.

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The ability to successfully distinguish truthful and deceptive messages within forensic contexts is important to preserve the integrity of the legal system. Research has shown that confession evidence is highly persuasive at a trial level and that false confessions leading to wrongful convictions are problematic within the judicial system. Some recent research also suggests that that neither lay observers nor law enforcement professionals are able to successfully distinguish truths and lies in the context of confessions. Therefore, the present safeguards in the judicial system may be inadequate to detect a false confession and prevent subsequent wrongful convictions. The research presented in this thesis was designed to explore the effectiveness of methods of detecting deception within forensically relevant contexts, specifically confessions. Study One examined the impact of presentation modality and the effectiveness of indirect deception measures on credibility assessments of autobiographical accounts depicting truthful and deceptive confessions. The outcome of this study revealed that fact finders were unable to accurately classify truthful and deceptive confessions across presentation modalities and that indirect measures were unsuccessful in this context. In light of these findings, subsequent studies examined the validity of statement content analysis to discern truth from deception within the context of confessions. Study Two assessed evaluations of Criteria-based Content Analysis and the Aberdeen Report Judgment Scales, as applied by untrained observers to discriminate truthful and deceptive confessions. Findings revealed null effects and demonstrated that training in the application of content-based evaluations is an integral element of the valid application of such measures to detecting deception. Studies Three, Four and Five, therefore incorporated a comprehensive training program and focused on the application of a theoretically based method for detecting deception, the Aberdeen Report Judgement Scales, to the analysis of forensically relevant statements describing confessions, alibis and victimisation accounts. Overall, findings revealed some modest evidence for the application of this framework within deceptive contexts, however, account differences as a function of truth status were often rather small and assessments on many dimensions produced null findings. These results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications for discerning truths and lies within forensic contexts.
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20

Berntsen, Jason. "Non-cognitivism, internalism, and the Frege-Geach problem." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4659.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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21

Jolly, Kevin Weston. "I'd be helping if we weren't so committed the application of the investment model to the study of alibis /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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22

Voynich, Melissa Leigh Adams Jennifer Wood. "How does Perez do it? evaluating tabloid news transparency and credibility in the blogosphere /." Auburn, Ala., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1541.

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23

Dooley, Gillian Mary Adele, and gillian dooley@flinders edu au. "Courage and Truthfulness: Ethical Strategies and the Creative Process in the Novels of Iris Murdoch, Doris Lessing and V.S. Naipaul." Flinders University. English, 2001. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20050530.150240.

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The novels of Iris Murdoch, Doris Lessing and V.S. Naipaul are studied in the light of statements they have made in essays and interviews regarding the ethical implications of writing fiction. The purpose of this research is to examine the nature of the problems they have identified in the creative process of writing and the strategies each has used to address the ethical problems they perceive, and to assess the relative success of their chosen methods. It can be seen that, although for each of them the quest for truth is their highest concern, they have each developed very different ways of dealing with the problems they believe are connected with writing truthfully, and in addition, they have defined the particulars of these problems in different ways. It is concluded that the more carefully examined and individually defined these problems are, the greater the internal consistency and credibility which is achieved by the strategies they have developed to address the problems, and the more their work has developed in the course of their careers.
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24

Dooley, Gillian. "Courage and truthfulness ethical strategies and the creative process in the novels of Iris Murdoch, Doris Lessing and V.S. Naipaul /." Connect to this title online, 2000. http://voyager.flinders.edu.au/local/adt/public/adt-SFU20050530.150240/index.html.

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25

Wang, Yongwei. "Enhancing Node Cooperation in Mobile Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Selfish Nodes." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/602.

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In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), nodes depend on each other for routing and forwarding packets. However, to save power and other resources, nodes belonging to independent authorities may behave selfishly, and may not be willing to help other nodes. Such selfish behavior poses a real threat to the proper functioning of MANETs. One way to foster node cooperation is to introduce punishment for selfish nodes. Based on neighbor-monitoring techniques, a fully distributed solution to detect, punish, and re-admit selfish nodes, is proposed here. This solution provides nodes the same opportunity to serve/and be served by others. A light-weight solution regarding battery status is also proposed here. This solution requires neighbor monitoring only when necessary, thereby saving nodes battery power. Another effective way to solve the selfish-node problem is to reward nodes for their service according to their cost. To force nodes to show their true cost, truthful protocols are needed. A low overhead truthful routing protocol to find optimal routes is proposed in this thesis. The most prominent feature of this protocol is the reduction of overhead from existing solutions O(n3) to O(n2). A light-weight scalable truthful routing protocol (LSTOP) is further proposed, which finds near-least-cost paths in dense networks. LSTOP reduces overhead to O(n) on average, and O(n2) in worst case scenarios. Multiple path routing protocols are an effective alternative to single path routing protocols. A generic mechanism that can turn any table-driven multipath routing protocol into a truthful one, is outlined here. A truthful multipath routing protocol (TMRP), based on well-known AOMDV protocol, is presented as an example. TMRP incurs an only 2n message overhead for a route discovery, and can also achieve load balancing without compromising truthfulness. To cope with the selfish-node problem in the area of position-based routing, a truthful geographic forwarding (TGF) algorithm is presented. TGF utilizes three auction-based forwarding schemes to stimulate node cooperation. The truthfulness of these schemes is proven, and their performance is evaluated through statistical analysis and simulation studies.
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26

Briggs, John R. "Counselor assessments of honest and deceptive clients." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/833463.

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This dissertation applied the social psychological research on deception to a counseling situation. The social psychological literature on deception has demonstrated that judges are notextremely accurate in their evaluations of deception. The majority of investigators in this arena have reported that judges of deception have difficulty exceeding accuracy levels which could be obtained merely by chance. Furthermore, researchers have had difficulty identifying cues to deception which could benefit judges when making their assessments.It seems that the ability of counselors to detect deception would be an important facet of their repertoire--especially in situations where the counselor interacts with clients who may be more prone to lying (e.g.. substance abusers, perpetrators of family violence, criminals, and malingerers). If counselors are accurate in their determinations of client deception at levels of accuracy only slightly greater than chance (as the social psychological literature implies), then the entire assessment process might be undermined.This study was an examination of counselors' abilities to detect deception among their clients, the verbal and nonverbal cues to which counselors attend in making their assessments, and how client deception effects a counselor's psychological assessments. Four major findings were obtained. First, a factor analytic study revealed that counselors believe they attend to four general groups of verbal and nonverbal cues when suspecting a client of deception: (1) Stationary Cues of a Client's Face and Body, (2) Movements of a Client's Limbs, (3) the Quality/Style of a Client's Communications, and (4) the Content/Expression of a Client's Communications. Second, counselors in this study were accurate in their assessments of honest and deceptive clients at levels significantly greater than chance (85% overall accuracy). Third, this study was unable to identify cues which benefit counselors in making accurate assessments of client deception and/or honesty. Fourth, the accuracy of a counselor's psychological assessments were not affected by client deception. Results are discussed in relation to the social psychological literature on deception and implications for the profession of counseling psychology.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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27

Martin, Leslie Erin Pipes Randolph Berlin. "Lying in psychotherapy results of an exploratory study /." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1291.

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28

Oyedeji, Tayo A. "The credible brand model the effects of ideological congruency and customer-based brand equity on media and message credibility /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5574.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 11, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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29

Horgan, Allyson J. "Should I just confess? the influence of perceived consequences associated with confessing on the likelihood of true vs. false confessions /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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30

Ochoa, Claudia. "The effect of facial resemblance on alibi credibility and final verdicts." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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31

Moffett, Deborah Lee. "The relation of parenting styles to children's lying behaviors." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/491.

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32

Bowers, Adrian H. "False allegations of sexual harassment /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3250681.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006.
"December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-73). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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33

Wilton-Godberfforde, Emilia Eleni Rachel. "Mendacity and the figure of the liar in seventeenth-century French comedy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609698.

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34

Johnson, Casey W. "Establishing Criterion on a Personality-Based Assessment for Employment: A Latent Class Analysis of Faking Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404535/.

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Personality assessments have a long history in psychology and have become the backbone of the human capital management industry, with the Big-Five model being the most prevalent. The central criticism of personality assessments for employment decisions is validity of responses since applicants for employment often endorse items to make themselves more desirable for hire, referred to as faking behavior. The present study examined faking behavior using the Assess Personality Survey (APS). Using a sample of applicant and incumbent data (N = 8,020), the objective was to identify response difference between applicant and incumbents, and the prevalence of faking behavior in applicants. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to compare groups. Results indicate a clear distinction between applicant and incumbent response patterns. Additional analyses suggest 6 classes of testing patterns among applicants, and results are compared with previous faking identification procedures to improve criteria used to establish faking behavior in respondents.
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Pennock, Ryan Pahl. "Fakability in structured interviews: Comparison of situational and past behavior formats." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1477.

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36

Collins, Michelle. "The Effect of Punishment Threat on Children's Ability to Resist Temptation to Transgress and Lie." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3018/.

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Children's response to a resistance-to-temptation (RTT) task was investigated under three punishment threat conditions: negative consequence, removing an anticipated reward, and no explicit punishment. Ninety first and second graders participated in the RTT task and seventy-three parents completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children and the Psychopathy Screening Device. As only 4% of children transgressed, results are unclear. Hypotheses tested using approximations of transgression showed no differences in RTT. Children with temperaments characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention problems, and conduct problems (HIA-CP) had the highest levels of psychopathic traits compared to all others. In addition, spanked children were rated as having significantly more behavioral problems than non-spanked children. Limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Farlow, David C. "An examination of perceptions of credibility : an army installation's command newspaper." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1100446.

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Most of the research conducted to measure credibility has focused on comparing one type of media with another, i.e., newspaper vs. television. Other research has looked into how different target audiences of corporate or company newspapers perceive the credibility of the publication. To date, there has been little research into how the target audiences perceive the credibility of a military installation's command newspaper. This study examined how active-duty Army personnel perceived the credibility of an Army installation's command newspaper; specifically, The Paraglide from Fort Bragg, North Carolina.The study employed the model developed by Meyer (1988) to measure perceptions of credibility. The study also used a model developed by Surlin and Walker (1975) to measure the respondent's self-agreement with how three hypothetical "bad news" stories should and would be covered by the command newspaper. The independent variables for the study were: civilian education level, years of service in the military, and job level/rank. The data was collected using a survey questionnaire distributed to Army units assigned to the 82nd Infantry Division (Airborne). Respondents were directed by their supervisors to complete the survey.The results indicated education level was not significant in perceptions of credibility; years of service was significant in perceptions of credibility; and job level/rank was significant in perceptions of credibility. Additionally, education level, years of service, and job level/rank were all significant in the respondent's self-agreement with how controversial issues were covered, but the significance appeared to be issue dependent.
Department of Journalism
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38

Oms, Sardans Sergi. "On Common Solutions to the Liar and the Sorites." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399925.

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In this dissertation I examine some of the most relevant proposals of common solutions to the Liar and the Sorites paradoxes. In order to do that, I present first a definition of what a paradox is so that, with this at hand, I can characterize in detail what should we expect from a common solution to a given collection of paradoxes. Next, I look into the reasons we might have to endorse a common solution to a group of paradoxes and some consequences are drawn with respect to Vann McGee's and Graham Priest's proposals to cope with both the Liar and the Sorites paradoxes, In the next chapters, three authors are examined in some detail. First, Jamie Tappenden's account is judged inappropriate, specially in the case of the Liar paradox. With respect to the Sorites, it is showed to be at least as problematic as Supervaluational approaches. Second, Paul Horwich's epistemicist proposal is examined with a special focus on the treatment of the Liar paradox. Horwich's account about how to construct his theory of truth is formalized and critically discussed with the use of a fixed-point construction. In the last chapter, I introduce and discuss some logics based on the work of Hartry Field that use two conditionals in a language with a truth predicate and vague predicates.
En aquesta tesi examino algunes de les propostes mes importants de solució comuna a les paradoxes del Mentider i la Sorites. Per tal de fer-ho, introdueixo, primer, una definició de la noció de paradoxa i, amb ella, caracteritzo en detall que cal esperar d'una solució comuna a un grup de paradoxes. A continuació, considero quines són les raons que podem tenir per tal d'adoptar una solució comuna a una col·lecció de paradoxes i extrec algunes conclusions respecte les propostes de Vann McGee i Graham Priest per fer front al Mentider i la Sorites. En els tres capítols següents, examino tres autors en detall. Primer, rebutjo la proposta de Jamie Tappenden per inapropiada, especialment en el cas del Mentider. Pel que fa a la Sorites, mostro que la teoria que Tappenden defensa es, al menys, tan problemàtica com les propostes superavaluacionistes. En segon lloc, examino la teoria epistemicista de Paul Horwich, amb especial atenció a la seva aplicació al mentider. A traves d'una construcció de punt fixe, formalitzo i discuteixo críticament la proposta de Horwich sabre com construir la seva teoria de la veritat. En l'últim capítol, introdueixo i discuteixo algunes lògiques, basades en les propostes de Hartry Field, que usen dos condicionals en llenguatges amb un predicat de veritat i predicats vagues.
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Shahi, Afshin. "The politics of truth management in Saudi Arabia." Routledge, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5841.

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Dalbignat-Deharo, Gaëlle. "Vérité scientifique et vérité judiciaire en droit privé /." [Paris] : LGDJ, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/48402504X.pdf.

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Phan, Anton, and Sinem Yedic. "“This post is a paid sponsorship” Do we care? : How consumers perceive brands when social media influencers disclose paid partnerships." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18256.

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An over-commercialized society has made consumers prefer the opinions of influential people in online settings. Companies have a harder time reaching consumers and therefore turn to social media influencers (SMIs) for exposure. With the growth of influencer marketing, regulations and guidelines in Sweden have been put in place to ensure consumers integrity. SMIs and companies are required to disclose paid partnerships. However, many companies have the perception that truthful marketing can affect consumers brand perception negatively. Research based on consumer brand perception and disclosed paid partnerships between SMIs and companies have not previously been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore how consumers perceive brands when SMIs disclose paid partnerships. In order to gather consumers ́ brand perception when SMIs and companies collaborate, a qualitative study using focus groups was conducted, where the participants thoughts and opinions have been studied. The findings of this thesis indicate that the communication and characteristics of SMIs influences consumers brand perception. The factors analyzed were: influence of SMIs, content, trust and truthfulness. The factors were important for how consumers perceive the SMI and brand of companies. The most important implication of this thesis is that the study can be of use for companies that seek to collaborate with SMIs when the aim is to reach target groups and enhance brand perception.
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Adolfsson, Claes, Markus Strömberg, and John Stenberg. "Millennials och baby boomers attityder till fake news : Generationernas upplevelser av nyhetsmediers sanningshalt." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-48440.

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Syftet med denna uppsats var att ta reda på generationerna millennials och baby boomers inställning till mediernas sanningshalt och politiska neutralitet. Detta gjordes med hjälp av följande frågeställningar: Vilka attityder och vilken inställning har millennials och baby boomers till nyhetsmediernas sanningshalt? Finns skillnader och likheter kvar när vi väger in variablerna kön och politiskt ställningstagande?   För att definiera generationerna använde vi oss av Cliff Zukins generationsteori. Det finns flera andra teorier med olika definitioner av generationerna men vi valde att avgränsa oss till Zukins modell eftersom vi ansåg denna vara mest relevant utifrån vårt syfte. För att få ytterligare information om generationernas ställningstaganden i olika frågor har vi även utgått från Paula M Poindexters forskning i frågan, samt Göran Bolins definition av Mannheims teori. Vi har slutligen använt oss av Jesper Strömbäcks definition av dagordningsteorin när detta varit aktuellt.   Vi valde att genomföra en enkätundersökning för att på så sätt kunna nå så många respondenter som möjligt. Eftersom vi ville jämföra två specifika generationer med varandra använde vi oss av ett kvoturval. Svaren gav oss en övergripande bild av de olika generationernas attityder gentemot nyhetsmedierna.   Resultaten visade att generationstillhörighet inte påverkade det allmänna förtroendet för nyhetsmedier. När vi adderade variabeln kön blev resultatet annorlunda, den yngre generationens kvinnor hade betydligt högre förtroende än männen i samma grupp. Både de yngre och äldre männen hade en mer kritisk syn på nyhetsmediernas innehåll än kvinnorna. Detta visar att kön är en betydande variabel i frågan om förtroende.   Även politisk åsikt visade sig vara en viktig variabel. Den största skillnaden visade sig i generation baby boomers där tre fjärdedelar av de som röstar rött har ett ganska stort förtroende för nyhetsmedier. De som röstar blått i denna generation hade ett betydligt mindre förtroende.   Den största skillnaden beroende på generationstillhörighet visade sig i frågan om hur enkelt det är att upptäcka en falsk nyhet. Millennials ansåg sig ha betydligt enklare att avgöra nyheters äkthet än baby boomers. Endast två procent i den äldre generationen ansåg att det var enkelt att upptäcka, motsvarande siffra i den yngre generationen var 12 procent.   Majoriteten av alla respondenter uppgav att de tror på en stor eller ganska stor framtida ökning av falska nyheter. Det här resultatet påverkade dock inte respondenternas syn på hur enkelt det är att se om en nyhet är falsk.   Slutsatsen vi kan dra är att generationstillhörighet inte påverkar i frågan om förtroende för nyhetsmedier, däremot i hur enkelt det är att avgöra om en nyhet är sann eller falsk.Vid mätning av förtroende för nyhetsmedier var politisk åsikt den viktigaste variabeln.
The purpose of this study was to find out the generations millennials and baby boomers approach to the media's veracity and political neutrality. This was done using the following questions: What attitudes does Millennials and Baby Boomers have to the news media's veracity? Are there differences and similarities there when we look at the variables gender and political position?   To define the generations we used Cliff Zukins generation theory. There are several other theories with different definitions of generations, but we chose to limit ourselves to Zukins model because we considered this to be the most relevant to our purpose. To obtain additional information about the generation's positions on various issues, we have also assumed Paula M Poindexters research on the issue, and Göran Bolins definition of Manheims theory. Finally we used Jesper Strömbäcks definition of the agenda setting theory when it was accurate.   We chose to conduct a survey in order to be able to reach as many respondents as possible. Because we wanted to compare two specific generations with eachother, we used a quota sampling. The answers gave us an overall picture of the different generational attitudes toward the news media.   The results showed that generational affiliation did not affect public confidence in the news media. When we added the gender variable, the result is different, the younger generation of women had significantly higher confidence than men in the same group. Both the younger and the older men had a more critical view of the news media content than women. This shows that gender is a significant variable in the issue of trust.   Political opinion also turned out to be an important variable. The biggest difference was shown in the generation of baby boomers where three quarters of the red voters had a fairly strong confidence in the news media. Those who vote blue in this generation had a significantly lower confidence.   The main difference depending on generational affiliation was shown in the question of how easy it is to spot fake news. Millennials believed it was much easier to determine authenticity in news than baby boomers. Only two percent of the older generation felt that it was easy to spot, the corresponding figure in the younger generation was 12 percent.   The majority of all respondents stated that they believe in a large or fairly large future increase of false news. This result did not affect the respondents' views on how easy it is to see if the news is false.   The conclusion we can draw is that the generational affiliation does not affect the question of confidence in the news media, however, it does have an affect in how easy it is to determine if news is true or false.When measuring confidence towards the news media, political opinion was the most important variable.
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Robalino, Gladys. "La mentira como componente identitario en La verdad sospechosa de Juan Ruiz de Alarcón /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79976.

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This work focuses on the topic of identity and, particularly, on the study of lies as a component of identity through the analysis of the main character in the comedy La verdad sospechosa , and the Court represented in the play. The text has been divided into two sections: the text's reality and the stories invented by the main character. This distinction serves to establish the relation between the elements of both parts, as well as their consequent influence in the construction of the character's identity. Conditions such as space, time and, particularly, social surrounding are taken into account in the fabrication of lies. The work shows how lying serves as a tool to create, sometimes fictitious but nevertheless useful, routes that help achieve an immersion in the society, even if it seems to go completely against the social values that, on the other hand, helps attain. Through the deconstruction of the character's lies, this work shows how, gradually, the made-up stories assimilate with the reality of the text until they become one with it. This gradual assimilation goes hand in hand with the character's immersion into the community, which includes the learning of social values and the fulfillment of the community's expectations.
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Overbey, David W. "Verifying web-based information detailed accounts of web use in real time /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1196445421.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Kent State University, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 15, 2008). Advisor: Christina Haas. Keywords: Web use; Writing studies; Credibility studies; Media studies; Rhetoric. Includes survey instrument. Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-148).
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Anžela, Prohorova. "Koncepti istina – istinitost – pravednost (правда – правдивость – справедливость) u ruskom jeziku i njihovi ekvivalenti u srpskom jeziku." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=93132&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Machado, Patrícia Vasconcelos. "Estudo exploratório sobre critérios de veracidade em relatos de eventos de vida : considerações para a perícia psicológica criminal de adultos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147079.

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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo testar os critérios da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Baseada em Critérios (Criteria-Based Content Analysis – CBCA) em relatos comuns de adultos, visando verificar quais critérios são mais frequentes em relatos verdadeiros. Trata-se de um estudo preliminar para futura elaboração de técnica de avaliação da credibilidade do testemunho, a ser utilizada para auxiliar as avaliações psicológicas das entrevistas realizadas nas perícias com adultos. Foram realizadas 46 entrevistas com relato livre e perguntas abertas com adultos a partir de 18 anos e escolaridade mínima de ensino médio, propondo-se 3 tarefas: 2 relatos (um verdadeiro e um falso) e a aplicação da Escala Fatorial de Neuroticismo - EFN. Na análise das entrevistas, obteve-se como resultados que os critérios “5: Descrições de interações” e “8: Detalhes não-usuais” são significativamente mais presentes nos relatos verdadeiros. Os resultados da EFN não mostraram diferenças significativas entre os participantes em função do nível de ansiedade. Os itens significativos para a verificação da credibilidade do testemunho poderão ser futuramente utilizados em novas pesquisas que explorem a análise das versões apresentadas à perícia criminal oficial durante a reprodução simulada dos fatos, após serem testados, em novas pesquisas específicas frente à veracidade na técnica pericial.
This research aimed to test the criteria of the Criteria-Based Content Analysis - CBCA technique in common reports of adults to ascertain which are the most frequent in true reports. It is a preliminary study to allow future elaboration of technical assessment of witness credibility to be used to assist psychological assessments in forensic interviews with adults. For this purpose, 46 free reports and open questions interviews with adults with minimum age of 18 years and at least high school education were made. Three tasks were proposed: to tell two stories (one true and one false) and to answer the Factorial Scale of Neuroticism - EFN. The analysis of the interviews showed that criteria “5: description of interactions” and “8: non-usual details” were significantly more frequent in true reports. The results of the EFN did not show significant differences among the participants based on the level of anxiety The significant items for checking the credibility of the testimony can be further explored in new research to explore the analysis of the versions presented to the crime scene investigators during reconstruction, after being tested in specific new research on expert technical veracity.
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Dudding, Donald A. "Between Saints and Snakes: Explicating the Historical, Philosophical, and Theoretical Foundations of Rhetorical Authority." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1236376443.

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Rabelo, Rodrigo Cumpre. "Do Ressentimento a gaia ciencia : a função da arte na Terceira Dissertação de "Para a genealogia da moral" de Nietzsche." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281554.

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Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T08:26:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabelo_RodrigoCumpre_M.pdf: 631068 bytes, checksum: c65f1218ec2e8e4cdcde720e293b4eee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O texto visa evidenciar e depurar a função da arte no interior da análise crítica do ascetismo entendido como subseqüência do ressentimento, função essa necessariamente imbricada com a idéia de uma gaia ciência em oposição aos valores metafísico-niilistas. Conforme a tese dos escritos de Nietzsche, o tipo homem deu-se, via de regra, sob a égide dos valores negativos do ressentimento, cujo corolário é o ideal ascético, atual paradigma dominante de todas as áreas da vida humana (e de todo ¿conhecimento¿ sobre essas áreas). Contra esse processo de decadência que corresponde a um castramento do homem, a um enfraquecimento de seus impulsos positivos, criadores, apenas a arte poderá indicar o caminho para novas possibilidades de existência, posto que é a única atividade humana que exemplifica uma valoração não-asceta da existência. O espírito livre, o filósofo do futuro, tem na arte a matriz operacional que permitirá idealizar novamente o mundo, levar o homem a assumir, agora de forma consciente e plena, a função ¿divina¿ de auto-criador e modelador da vida, no espírito de Dioniso (do segundo Dioniso, o do velho Nietzsche). Ao invés do auto-apequenamento do homem, ter-se-ia, com e a partir da ¿arte¿ (isto é, com a auto-criação de cunho nobre, regida pela gaia ciência), as diretrizes para a auto-superação da vida humana atual, dando lugar e vazão a novas, ¿até agora não desejadas¿, realidades. Estas se traduzirão, por exemplo, numa grande saúde, numa grande política, numa grande razão, e mesmo numa grande seriedade; numa palavra, à existência em grande estilo, inédita na história, senão por alguns ¿acasos felizes¿. O ponto de viragem é a chamada morte de Deus, perpetrada pela própria vontade de verdade ascética, numa imensa e inédita auto-implosão que implica, inclusive, na auto-superação-supressão ou metamorfose da Filosofia em gaia ciência. Seus herdeiros diretos serão uma nova espécie de pensadores-que-sentem-e-criam, que englobarão e extrapolarão e superarão o filósofo, o artista, o médico, o legislador. Conclui-se, então, que a função da arte na Terceira Dissertação de ¿Para a genealogia da moral¿ tem lugar e se constitui no entremeio das engrenagens que movem a necessária, autoprogramada superação-supressão da vontade de verdade ascética em direção à gaia ciência. Conclui-se que na tessitura do aberto plano existencial humano há, entre arte e ciência-filosofia (Wissenschaft) uma contínua, inesgotável, instigante e produtiva tensão; uma relação, de mão dupla, entre dois pólos opostos-complementares, relação que se desdobra historicamente através de complexos tipos de formas de vida. Conclui-se que, na prática, ¿a filosofia ?na medida em que genuinamente olhe para dentro do 'abismo¿ da realidade? necessita das ilusões embelezadoras da arte a fim de não 'perecer pela verdade¿. Pois a arte constitui a melhor força de oposição contra o pessimismo negador do mundo e o maior estimulante para a vontade¿ [MAY, 1999, p. 35 (tr. pr.1)]. Conclui-se que Nietzsche quer, conscientemente, pôr em evidência e manter ativada essa relação na configuração filosofia-arte, bem como nas descrições do artista autêntico e do filósofo da gaia ciência
Abstract: The text aims to select and put in evidence the function of art in the interior of Nietzsche¿s critical analysis of asceticism, understood as a subsequence of resentment, function which necessarily imbricates with the idea of a gay science in opposition to the metaphysical-nihilistic values.As the thesis of Nietzsche¿s writings puts it, man type was given, usually, under the sign of the negative values of resentment, corollary of which is the ascetic ideal, current dominant paradigm of all human life realms (and of all "knowledge" on these areas). Against this process of decay that corresponds to a castration of man, to a weakness of its positive, creative impulses, only art will be able to indicate the way for new existence possibilities, given that is the sole human activity that exemplifies a non-ascetic valuation of the existence. The free spirit, the philosopher of the future, has in art the operational matrix that will allow idealizing the world again, to take man to assume, now in a conscientious and plain way, the ¿divine" function of self-creator and life shaper, in the spirit of Dionysus (of the second Dionysus, the one of the old Nietzsche). Instead of the self-diminishing of man, the lines of direction for current human life¿s self-overcoming would transpire with and from "art" (that is, the auto-creation of noble matrix, conducted by a gay science), giving place and outflow to new, "not yet desired", realities. These will be expressed, for example, in a great health, a great politics, a great reason, even in a great seriousness; in a word, in the existence in great style, unknown to history but for some "happy accidents". The turning point is the so-called death of God, perpetrated by the ascetic will to truth itself, an immense and unknown self-implosion that also implies the self-overcoming-suppression or metamorphosis of Philosophy in gay science. Its inheritors by right shall be a new species of thinkers-who-feel-and-create, who shall encompass and overcome and overpass the philosopher, the artist, the doctor, and the legislator. One then concludes that the function of art in the Third Inquire of "Toward the genealogy of morals" has place and constitutes itself in the in between of the gears that move the necessary, selfprogrammed, overcoming-suppression of the ascetic will to truth toward gay science. One concludes that upon the open plain of human existential tissue there is a continuum, inexhaustible, exciting and productive tension between art and science-philosophy (Wissenschaft); a double-handed relation between two opposite-complementary polar poles that historically unfolds through complex life form types. One concludes that, in short, ¿philosophy ?insofar as it genuinely looks into the 'abyss¿ of reality? needs the beautifying illusions of art lest it 'perish of the truth¿. For art constitutes the best counterforce against world-denying pessimism and the greatest stimulant of the will.¿ [MAY, 1999, p. 35]. One concludes that Nietzsche wants, conscientiously, to put in evidence and to keep activated this relation in the philosophy-art configuration as well as in the descriptions of the authentic artist and of the gay science philosopher
Mestrado
Historia da Filosofia Contemporanea
Mestre em Filosofia
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49

Vassart, Patrick. "Mentir à Rome: mentiri ou mendacium dicere ?L'inhospitalité des sources juridiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209667.

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Un paradoxe a suscité la recherche entreprise :en dépit de leur aspect intrinsèquement normatif, les notions rendues en langue française par le substantif ‘mensonge’ et le verbe ‘mentir’ apparaissent très rarement dans les textes de droit positif des systèmes juridiques d’inspiration romano-germanique et, dans leur dimension élémentaire de ‘propos sciemment inexact formulé dans l’intention d’induire en erreur’, ne correspondent à aucun terme technique du lexique juridique. Elles participent certes de certaines figures juridiques complexes – telles que celles de ‘faux’ ou de ‘dol’ – mais, au titre d’éléments, demeurent en-deçà du seuil d’incrimination propre auxdites notions complexes :ainsi leur faut-il entrer en composition avec d’autres éléments pour entraîner la condamnation juridique que leur condamnation morale uniforme paraissait appeler a priori. Réduites à leur dimension élémentaire, elles révèlent ainsi une contradiction entre un principe moral de prohibition et un principe juridique de tolérance. Une tentative d’élucidation de cette contradiction emprunte la voie de l’examen des sources romaines des normes qui en dérivent historiquement. Tant les sources juridiques proprement dites que les sources littéraires latines antiques en général :il s’est imposé d’interroger les secondes en raison du faible nombre d’occurrences du verbe 'mentiri' et du substantif 'mendacium' dans les premières.

Une première partie de l’essai s’attache à identifier la terminologie latine du mensonge. La tradition nous a légué les définitions et acceptions rigoureuses retenues par saint Augustin, sans égard à une subtile distinction qu’Aulu-Gelle avait puisée chez Nigidius Figulus :'mentiri' et 'mendacium' empruntent leurs étymologies distinctes respectivement à la pensée (racine *men-) et à l’erreur ('mendum' ou 'menda'), mais l’absence de parenté étymologique n’a guère affecté une étroite alliance sémantique dans l’usage, et ce aussi loin que remontent nos sources, en l’espèce l’œuvre du dramaturge Plaute, œuvre où abondent ces deux mots qu’aucun écrit antérieur n’atteste.

La deuxième partie de l’essai confronte l’alliance sémantique des deux mots à leur absence dans les textes conservés du droit archaïque, en vue de tenter d’expliquer leur rareté dans les textes ultérieurs. Une œuvre fait l’objet d’un examen approfondi, en raison de la remarquable représentativité de la mentalité d’âge républicain qui doit lui être reconnue :la comédie du Pseudolus de Plaute. La valeur de témoignage de ce texte ne peut cependant être mise en avant qu’en écartant deux préventions :1) l’inattendue irrigation du texte comique par la doctrine épicurienne – la canonique (ou discipline du raisonnement) bien plus que l’éthique – n’y réduit pas la thématique du mensonge à une parodie de la notion du clinamen, notion alors anachronique si l’on s’en tient aux seuls textes attribués à Epicure ;2) il convient de ne prêter au dramaturge aucune intention subversive comparable à celle qui avait peu auparavant valu la censure au poète Naevius. L’analyse du texte, dans sa perspective historique éclairée par les récits de Polybe et de Tite-Live, conduit à relier l’hommage de Plaute aux facultés intellectuelles de discernement qu’il prête aux Romains – alors à l’apogée de leur condition juridique de 'ciuis/miles' ou citoyen/légionnaire – à la promotion politique des vertus du raisonnement et de la circonspection, promotion symbolisée par la dédicace d’un temple à Mens au cours de la deuxième guerre punique. Le droit civil – au sens de droit objectif propre à la cité – apparaît alors, dans la rigueur de son formalisme originel, comme le corollaire, dans les rapports juridiques entre citoyens, de la discipline imposée au légionnaire dans sa confrontation à l’ennemi extérieur ('hostis/inimicus') :un impératif civique d’exercice constant de la vigilance et de la 'prudentia'. Aussi n’est-ce pas la faute morale du menteur qui doit être juridiquement sanctionnée, mais bien la coupable imprudence de l’interlocuteur qui verse dans l’erreur et succombe à l’'animus fallendi' du menteur. Encore l’étymologie retrouve-t-elle ses droits lorsque s’opère une distinction entre, d’une part, la neutralité du substantif 'mendacium' – son aspect ‘métallique’ d’arme susceptible d’être maniée en bien ou en mal selon la qualité civique de l’utilisateur – et, d’autre part, la stigmatisation du verbe déponent de sens médio-passif 'mentiri'. Ce verbe, immédiatement dérivé de la racine *men-, aurait pu ne viser que le fait de ‘penser’ s’il n’avait, comme l’analysera Varron, été réservé par l’usage qu’à une pensée strictement égoïste, excluant comme telle tout partage, donc à l’encontre des devoirs inhérents à la participation aux débats dans les assemblées publiques caractéristiques de la vie républicaine :être animé d’une pensée susceptible de partage se dit 'cogitare'.

La troisième partie de l’essai s’attache à décrire l’évolution de la mentalité héritée de la deuxième guerre punique à la mesure de l’extension du domaine de l’ancien droit civil à une société cosmopolite, au sein de laquelle les attentes placées dans la figure emblématique du citoyen romain sincère doivent composer avec les nécessités nouvelles de relations juridiques plus complexes, relations que les vertus civiques prêtées au citoyen/légionnaire ne peuvent plus suffire à régir. Evolutions contrastées du 'ius publicum' et du 'ius priuatum' :tandis que, sur la voie du Principat, les rapports de force politiques cantonnent le devoir de sincérité à une morale personnelle bien aléatoire au cours des conflits qui altèrent le dernier siècle de la République, le droit privé s’enrichit du 'ius gentium' pour s’efforcer, dans les 'iudicia bonae fidei', de substituer à la vigilance formaliste une conscience substantielle des devoirs de sincérité des cocontractants. C’est toutefois en vain que Cicéron suggère de transposer à la scène politique l’éthique du droit civil, ou que Virgile (en particulier dans un épisode-clé du deuxième livre de l’Enéide, manifestement inspiré aussi par la canonique épicurienne) tente de ressusciter une éthique collective de la vigilance face au mensonge. Etrangers donc au droit public de l’Empire, les termes mendacium et mentiri n’apparaissent qu’en ordre dispersé dans un nombre restreint de notices du Corpus iuris ciuilis et, faute d’y être érigés en termes techniques, ne participent que de transpositions ponctuelles aux rapports de droit civil de sanctions inspirées par un devoir de sincérité jadis enraciné dans des notions républicaines de la responsabilité personnelle et de la solidarité.

Aux termes extrêmes de nos sources latines antiques, le mensonge, dans sa dimension élémentaire d’affirmation délibérément trompeuse, a été entendu de deux façons apparemment diamétralement opposées :d’un impératif républicain de sanction de la crédulité à la condamnation uniformément rigoureuse prononcée par saint Augustin. Cette opposition se mue cependant en synthèse si l’on veut bien considérer que la conception augustinienne tend à conférer la dimension métaphysique de la Cité de Dieu au devoir romain de sincérité autrefois et autrement promu dans les limites de la seule cité républicaine. Entre deux conceptions absolument fondées sur la norme éthique, la norme juridique romaine, seulement appelée à régir l’altérité avec réalisme, n’a traité qu’avec une parcimonieuse prudence de cette perversion de la pensée qu’est le mensonge.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
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50

Tabur, Michel. "Le lieu et l'action : exactitude et véridicité dans la peinture d'histoire à la Renaissance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H098.

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Abstract:
La thèse est partie d’une œuvre, la tenture de La conquête de Tunis, dont les douze panneaux étonnent par leur niveau exceptionnel d'exactitude topographique et historique. Jusqu’à quel point la recherche de l’exactitude et de la véridicité qui semble apparaître dans certaines œuvres d’histoire à la Renaissance est-elle compatible avec le dessein artistique de leurs auteurs ? Dans quelles conditions, dans quel but et avec quelle postérité s'est-elle propagée ? Telle est la problématique, aux confins de l'histoire, abordée dans cette thèse. Elle est explorée par le biais de cinq approches différentes. Après un rapide survol sous cet angle des œuvres d’histoire de 1450 à 1650 qui permet de constituer de manière chronologique le corpus, la seconde s’attache à l'analyse de la problématique en partant du fait historique lui-même à travers l’analyse comparée de la représentation par l’image de six grands évènements, tandis que la partie suivante y procédera en partant cette fois de la restitution des lieux, des costumes, des armes et des navires. Cette approche analytique en trois volets servira de base à la démarche plus synthétique de la quatrième partie centrée sur les conditions de la véridicité du récit mis en image, et à celle plus théorique de la cinquième et dernière consacrée aux points de vue de l’historiographie et de la théorie de l’art sur cet ensemble de questions. Au terme du parcours, c’est un kaléidoscope de signaux contradictoires que nous découvrons, au-dessus duquel se révèle comme une dialectique paradoxale orchestrée subtilement par l’artiste entre l’exact et l'inexact, entre le vrai et le faux et entre l’historique et le fictif
The starting point of this study was a single subject, The Conquest of Tunis. The twelve tapestries studied astonish viewers due to the exceptional level of their topographical and historical exactitude. To what extent is the search for exactitude and veracity that seems to appear in certain historical artworks of the Renaissance, compatible with the artistic intentions of their authors? Under what conditions and to what end did this phenomenon spread and what has been its posterity? This is the problematic addressed in this thesis, at the frontier of history. The subject is explored from five different approaches. We start with a rapid overview of historical artworks between 1450 and 1650 which enables the establishment of the corpus in chronological manner. The second part focuses on the analysis of the research problem starting with the historical facts themselves through the comparative analysis of six historical events and their pictorial representation. The third part deals with the artists' restoration of the locations, costumes, warfare and vessels. This analytical approach in three sections will serve as a base for the more synthetic fourth part of the study which will focus on the conditions of the veracity of the narrative depicted in the image, as does the more theoretical fifth part devoted to the perspective of historiography and the theory of art dealing with this set of issues
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