Journal articles: 'Tryonii'

1

Burge, Dylan O., and W. R. Barker. "Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation by Stackhousia tryonii (Celastraceae), a serpentinite-endemic plant from Queensland, Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 23, no. 6 (2010): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb10029.

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To elucidate the evolutionary origin of nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulation by the Australian serpentinite-endemic plant Stackhousia tryonii Bailey, phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast and nuclear DNA for Stackhousia and its close relatives were combined with assays of plant-tissue Ni concentrations. Thirty-five plants from 20 taxa were analysed by sequencing nuclear rDNA (ITS) and the plastid trnL–F region. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data was conducted under maximum parsimony and Bayesian search criteria. In all, 100 plants from 39 taxa, including all 33 Stackhousia species, were analysed for Ni concentration by radial inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). In phylogenetic analyses, S. tryonii was monophyletic, nested within a monophyletic Stackhousia. Only S. tryonii contained concentrations of Ni above the hyperaccumulation threshold (0.1%; 1000 ppm), containing between 0.25% (2500 ppm) and 4.1% (41 000 ppm) Ni by dry weight. Nickel-hyperaccumulation ability appears to have been acquired once during diversification of Stackhousia, by S. tryonii.

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Batianoff, GN, RD Reeves, and RL Specht. "Stackhousia tryonii Bailey: a Nickel-Accumulating Serpentine-Endemic Species of Central Queensland." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 2 (1990): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900121.

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Stackhousia tryonii Bailey, which appears to be endemic to the serpentinite soils of the Port Curtis district, central Queensland, is a hyper-accumulator of nickel. Concentrations of this element reach 1-20% of the dry weight of the leaves and 0.1-1% in other parts of the plant. This is the first discovery of such behaviour in a plant from eastern Australia. S. tryonii is easily distinguishable from the Queensland occurrences of a related species, S. monogyna Labill., by its smaller inflorescences and muchbranched, tufted, slender stems and distinctive sparsely tuberculate seed coat. S. monogyna shows no abnormal nickel accumulation. Detailed diagnostic comparative descriptions of S. tryonii and S. monogyna are provided, and notes are given on the ecology and distribution of the two species.

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Bhatia, Naveen P., Poonam Bhatia, and Nanjappa Ashwath. "Asexual propagation of Stackhousia tryonii: a step towards restoration of a rare metallophyte." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 5 (2002): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01035.

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Stackhousia tryonii Bailey is a rare, serpentine-endemic herb, with potential for use in phytoremediation and/or phytomining. This study evaluates the use of herbaceous heel cuttings to propagate S. tryonii on three rooting media [sand, Medium I; a commercial nursery mix, Medium II; and sand : peat moss : perlite (2 : 2 : 1; v/v), Medium III] following the application of plant growth hormones, viz. indole-3-butyric acid and naphthalene acetic acid (both as pure and commercial formulations, viz. Clonex Gel-green, Gel-purple and Gel-red), and honey. Cutting survival, rooting percentage, the number of primary and secondary roots produced, the length of the longest root and the total root length were evaluated after 10 weeks. Results show that there was a positive (P < 0.001) influence of plant growth regulator treatments on cuttings' survival. Medium III failed to support survival of cuttings. Percentage rooting (as a proportion of original number of cuttings) was 10–30% higher in Medium I than in Medium II. Cuttings treated with Clonex Gel-red, IBA at 1000 ppm and NAA at 250 ppm had 60–70% higher percentage rooting in Medium�I than in Medium II. Total number of primary roots per rooted cuttings was significantly (P�<�0.05) higher in Medium I with Clonex Gel-red and NAA at 1000 ppm. Treatments did not have significant effects on the number of secondary roots, the length of the longest root and the total root length. However, values for these parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Medium I than in Medium II. We conclude that cuttings from mature plants of S. tryonii could be used effectively to multiply S. tryonii, particularly with sand as rooting medium and prior to treatment of cuttings with Clonex Gel-red.

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Bhatia, Naveen P., Kerry B. Walsh, Ivo Orlic, Rainer Siegele, Nanjappa Ashwath, and Alan J. M. Baker. "Studies on spatial distribution of nickel in leaves and stems of the metal hyperaccumulator Stackhousia tryonii Bailey using nuclear microprobe (micro-PIXE) and EDXS techniques." Functional Plant Biology 31, no. 11 (2004): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp03192.

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Stackhousia tryonii Bailey is one of the three nickel hyperaccumulators reported from Australia. It is a rare, herbaceous plant that accumulates (Ni) both in leaf and stem tissues. Localisation of Ni in leaf and stem tissues of S. tryonii was studied using two micro-analytical techniques, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (micro-PIXE). Dimethylglyoxime complexation of Ni was also visualised by bright- and dark-field microscopy, but this technique was considered to create artefacts in the distribution of Ni. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometric analysis indicated that guard cells possessed a lower Ni concentration than epidermal cells, and that epidermal cells and vascular tissue contained higher levels of Ni than mesophyll, as reported for other Ni hyperaccumulators. The highest Ni concentration was recorded (PIXE quantitative point analysis) in the epidermal cells and vascular tissue (5400 μg g–1 DW), approximately double that recorded in palisade cells (2500 μg g–1 DW). However, concentrations were variable within these tissues, explaining, in part, the similarity between average Ni concentrations of these tissues (as estimated by region selection mode). Stem tissues showed a similar distribution pattern as leaves, with relatively low Ni concentration in the pith (central) region. The majority of Ni (73–85% for leaves; 80–92% for stem) was extracted from freeze-dried sections by water extraction, suggesting that this metal is present in a highly soluble and mobile form in the leaf and stem tissues of S. tryonii.

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Bhatia, N. P., P. Bhatia, and N. Ashwath. "Ex Vitro Rooting of Micropropagated Shoots of Stackhousia Tryonii." Biologia plantarum 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1016234104613.

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6

BHATIA, NAVEEN P., ANI E. NKANG, KERRY B. WALSH, ALAN J. M. BAKER, NANJAPPA ASHWATH, and DAVID J. MIDMORE. "Successful Seed Germination of the Nickel Hyperaccumulator Stackhousia tryonii." Annals of Botany 96, no. 1 (April 19, 2005): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci151.

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7

Noell, I., and D. Morris. "Localisation of hyperaccumulated nickel in Stackhousia tryonii using Electron-probe microanalysis." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100162922.

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Proton microprobe and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) simultaneously measure and map elemental content, and hence are excellent tools for investigating the distribution and function of elevated Ni levels in hyperaccumulating plants (Ni concentration >1000 μg g−1 dry weight). Five major hypotheses have been proposed for the function of Ni hyperaccumulation. Our research focuses on the hypothesis that Ni defends against herbivore or pathogen attack and examines the movement of Ni from soil through plant to herbivore in Stackhousia tryonii, the only known hyperaccumulator in eastern Australia. Using a JEOL JXA-840-A electron probe microanalyzer with Moran Scientific Analysis software, we located features of high mean atomic number in whole leaves and cross-sections through backscattered-electron imaging (BEI), then we used EPXMA to identify the elements present and to prepare semi-quantitative x-ray maps of seven key elements.

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8

Bhatia, Naveen P., Kerry B. Walsh, and Alan J. M. Baker. "Detection and quantification of ligands involved in nickel detoxification in a herbaceous Ni hyperaccumulator Stackhousia tryonii Bailey." Journal of Experimental Botany 56, no. 415 (March 14, 2005): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eri135.

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9

Bhatia, Naveen P., Alan J. M. Baker, Kerry B. Walsh, and David J. Midmore. "A role for nickel in osmotic adjustment in drought-stressed plants of the nickel hyperaccumulator Stackhousia tryonii Bailey." Planta 223, no. 1 (October 1, 2005): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-005-0133-8.

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10

Bhatia, Naveen P., Ivo Orlic, Rainer Siegele, Nanjappa Ashwath, Alan J. M. Baker, and Kerry B. Walsh. "Elemental mapping using PIXE shows the main pathway of nickel movement is principally symplastic within the fruit of the hyperaccumulator Stackhousia tryonii." New Phytologist 160, no. 3 (November 6, 2003): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00912.x.

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11

Schneider, Margaret, Tom Cribb, and Aaron Jex. "The Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: Oxyurida) of two sympatric Panesthiinae (Insecta: Blattodea) from southeastern Queensland, Australia: taxonomy, species richness and host specificity." Nematology 7, no. 4 (2005): 543–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854105774384741.

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AbstractThe thelastomatoid fauna of two species of wood-burrowing cockroach (Blattodea, Blaberidae), Panesthia cribrata and Panesthia tryoni tryoni, from Lamington National Park, Australia, is described. The following eight new species and three new genera of thelastomatid are proposed: Bilobostoma exerovulva n. g., n. sp.; Cordonicola gibsoni n. sp.; Coronostoma australiae n. sp.; Desmicola ornata n. sp.; Hammerschmidtiella hochi n. sp.; Malaspinanema goateri n. g., n. sp.; Travassosinema jaidenae n. sp.; and Tsuganema cribratum n. g., n. sp. Additional data are given for Blattophila sphaerolaima and Leidynemella fusiformis. Of the 11 species reported, nine were found in P. cribrata and ten in P. tryoni tryoni. Such levels of thelastomatoid species richnessness in single host species are exceptional. Only the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa africana (23), and the domestic cockroach, Periplaneta americana (20), have higher reported richness. Three species, T. jaidenae, C. australiae and D. ornata, were found either exclusively or significantly more prevalently in P. tryoni tryoni than in P. cribrata. Species of Travassosinema, Coronostoma and Desmicola have been found previously only in millipedes (Diplopoda), a fact that suggests that there is a greater degree of niche overlap between P. tryoni tryoni and millipedes than for P. cribrata.

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12

Cruickshank, Leanne, Andrew J. Jessup, and David J. Cruickshank. "Interspecific crosses of Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) and Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory." Australian Journal of Entomology 40, no. 3 (July 13, 2001): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2001.00223.x.

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13

Wang, Y., H. Yu, K. Raphael, and A. S. Gilchrist. "Genetic delineation of sibling species of the pest fruit fly Bactocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) using microsatellites." Bulletin of Entomological Research 93, no. 4 (July 2003): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2003249.

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AbstractUsing a large set of microsatellites, the genetic relationships between three closely related Australian fruit fly species, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), B. neohumeralis (Hardy) and B. aquilonis(May) were investigated. Bactrocera tryoni and B. neohumeralis are sympatric, while B. aquilonis is allopatric to both. The sympatric species, B. tryoni and B. neohumeralis, were found to be genetically distinct. It is likely that despite differences in mating time between these two species, some gene flow still occurs. In contrast, the sibling species B. tryoni and B. aquilonis were found to be closely related, despite allopatry. The level of genetic divergence was similar to that found within eastern Australian populations of B. tryoni. Consideration of all available genetic data suggests that this similarity is not due to recent (i.e. within the last 30 years) displacement of B. aquilonis by B. tryoni from the B. aquilonis region (north-western Australia). Instead the data suggests that, at least in the areas sampled, asymmetrical hybridization may have occurred over a longer timescale.

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Reynolds, O. L., and B. A. Orchard. "Effect of adult chill treatments on recovery, longevity and flight ability of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, no. 1 (July 8, 2010): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485310000210.

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AbstractControl of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), populations or outbreaks may be achieved through the mass-rearing and inundative release of sterile B. tryoni. An alternative release method is to release chilled adult sterile fruit flies to decrease packaging and transport requirements and potentially improve release efficiencies. Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of chilling on the performance of two separate batches of adult B. tryoni, fed either a protein and sucrose diet or sucrose only diet. The first trial compared chill times of 0, 0.5, 2 and 4 h; the second trial compared chill times of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. Overall, there was little or no affect of chilling on the recovery, longevity and flight ability of B. tryoni chilled at 4°C. Recovery time can take up to 15 min for chilled adult flies. There was no effect of chill time on longevity although females generally had greater longevity on either diet compared with males. Propensity for flight was not adversely affected by chilling at the lower chill times in trial 1; however, in trial 2, adults fed on a protein and sucrose diet had a decreased tendency for flight as the chilling time increased. Fly body size did not affect recovery times although the smaller adult B. tryoni in trial 1 had significantly reduced longevity compared to the larger adults in trial 2. Implications of these findings for B. tryoni SIT are discussed.

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Diaz, Peter H., Dominique Alvear, and Kathryn E. Perez. "Mesohabitat Associations of the Devil Tryonia, Tryonia diaboli (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Cochliopidae)." Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 23, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2020.18-24.

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Jex, Aaron R., Margaret A. Schneider, Harley A. Rose, and Thomas H. Cribb. "Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: Oxyurida) of the Australian giant burrowing cockroach, Macropanesthia rhinoceros (Blaberidae: Geoscapheinae)." Nematology 8, no. 3 (2006): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854106778493501.

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Abstract The thelastomatoid fauna of Macropanesthia rhinoceros was examined from 13 localities across its range in Queensland, Australia. Nine species of thelastomatoids, including two representing new genera, Geoscaphenema megaovum n. g., n. sp. and Jaidenema rhinoceratum n. g., n. sp., were found. Macropanesthia rhinoceros is reported as a new host for seven species previously recorded from Panesthia cribrata (Blaberidae: Panesthiinae) and P. tryoni tryoni, viz, Blattophila sphaerolaima, Leidynemella fusiformis, Cordonicola gibsoni, Travassosinema jaidenae, Coronostoma australiae, Hammerschmidtiella hochi and Desmicola ornata. Overall estimated richness for the system ranged from 10.1-13.5 species. The high degree of parasite faunal overlap between M. rhinoceros and the two Panesthia species is surprising given the disparate ecological niches that they occupy; P. cribrata and P. tryoni tryoni burrow in, and feed upon, moist decaying wood and require a climate that is moist all year round, whereas M. rhinoceros burrows in loose soil, feeds on fallen leaf litter and is tolerant of much drier environments.

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Zhao, J. T., M. Frommer, J. A. Sved, and A. Zacharopoulou. "Mitotic and polytene chromosome analyses in the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Genome 41, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 510–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-053.

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The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, like the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, has a diploid complement of 12 chromosomes, including five pairs of autosomes and a XX/XY sex chromosome pair. Characteristic features of each chromosome are described. Chromosomal homology between B. tryoni and C. capitata has been determined by comparing chromosome banding pattern and in situ hybridisation of cloned genes to polytene chromosomes. Although the evidence indicates that a number of chromosomal inversions have occurred since the separation of the two species, synteny of the chromosomes appears to have been maintained.Key words: tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, polytene chromosomes, in situ hybridisation, chromosomal homology.

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Della, Aline Possamai, and Jefferson Prado. "Tryonia (Pteridaceae) in Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Botany 43, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00606-7.

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Reynolds, O. L., B. A. Orchard, S. R. Collins, and P. W. Taylor. "Yeast hydrolysate supplementation increases field abundance and persistence of sexually mature sterile Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 2 (January 23, 2014): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000758.

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AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is a non-chemical approach used to control major pests from several insect families, including Tephritidae, and entails the mass-release of sterile insects that reduce fertility of wild populations. For SIT to succeed, released sterile males must mature and compete with wild males to mate with wild females. To reach sexual maturity, the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), must obtain adequate nutrition after adult emergence; however, in current SIT programs sterile B. tryoni receive a pre-release diet that lacks key nutrients required to sustain sexual development. The chief objective of this study was to determine whether pre-release yeast hydrolysate (YH) supplements affect the persistence and abundance of sexually mature sterile male B. tryoni under field conditions. Experiments were run in outdoor cages under conditions of low and high environmental stress that differed markedly in temperature and humidity, and in the field. Under low environmental stress conditions, survival of sterile B. tryoni was monitored in cages under three diet treatments: (i) sugar only, (ii) sugar plus YH or (iii) sugar plus YH for 48 h and sugar only thereafter. Under high environmental stress conditions survival of sterile B. tryoni was monitored in cages under four diet treatments: (i) white sugar only, (ii) brown sugar only, (iii) white sugar plus YH and (iv) brown sugar plus YH. In a replicated field study, we released colour-marked sterile B. tryoni from two diet regimes, YH-supplemented or YH-deprived, and monitored abundance of sexually mature males. In the low-stress cage study, there was no effect of diet, although overall females lived longer than males. In the high stress cage study, mortality was lower for YH-fed flies than YH-deprived flies and females lived longer than males. In the field, YH supplementation resulted in higher abundance of sexually mature sterile males, with 1.2 YH-fed flies trapped for every YH-deprived fly trapped. Under field conditions, YH supplementation can increase over-flooding ratios and hence may improve the effectiveness of SIT programmes.

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Reynolds, Olivia L., Damian Collins, Bernard C. Dominiak, and Terry Osborne. "No Sting in the Tail for Sterile Bisex Queensland Fruit Fly (Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt) Release Programs." Insects 13, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13030269.

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Global markets do not tolerate the presence of fruit fly (Tephritidae) in horticultural produce. A key method of control for tephritidae pests, is the sterile insect technique (SIT). Several countries release a bisex strain, i.e., males and females, however the sterile male is the only sex which contributes to wild population declines when released en masse. In commercial orchards, there are concerns that sterile females released as part of bisex strains, may oviposit, i.e., ‘sting’ and cause damage to fruit, rendering it unmarketable. Australia has released a bisex strain of sterile Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, for several decades to suppress wild pest populations, particularly in peri-urban and urban environments. Here, we assessed fruit damage in two commercially grown stone fruit orchards where bisex sterile B. tryoni were released, and in an orchard that did not receive sterile flies. The number of detected stings were higher in only one SIT release orchard, compared with the control; however, there was no difference between SIT and control orchards in the number of larvae detected. We showed that there is no evidence that sterile female B. tryoni released in large numbers caused stings, or damage that led to downgraded or unsaleable fruit. The bisex strain of sterile B. tryoni is recommended for use in commercial stone-fruit orchards, under the conditions in which this trial was conducted.

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Cameron, E. C., J. A. Sved, and A. S. Gilchrist. "Pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northwestern Australia: one species or two?" Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 2 (July 14, 2009): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309990150.

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AbstractSince 1985, a new and serious fruit fly pest has been reported in northwestern Australia. It has been unclear whether this pest was the supposedly benign endemic species, Bactrocera aquilonis, or a recent introduction of the morphologically near-identical Queensland fruit fly, B. tryoni. B. tryoni is a major pest throughout eastern Australia but is isolated from the northwest region by an arid zone. In the present study, we sought to clarify the species status of these new pests using an extensive DNA microsatellite survey across the entire northwest region of Australia. Population differentiation tests and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity within the northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. That northwestern population showed minimal genetic differentiation from B. tryoni from Queensland (FST=0.015). Since 2000, new outbreaks of this pest fruit fly have occurred to the west of the region, and clustering analysis suggested recurrent migration from the northwest region rather than Queensland. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing also showed no evidence for the existence of a distinct species in the northwest region. We conclude that the new pest fruit fly in the northwest is the endemic population of B. aquilonis but that there is no genetic evidence supporting the separation of B. aquilonis and B. tryoni as distinct species.

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Roohigohar, Shirin, Anthony R. Clarke, and Peter J. Prentis. "Gene selection for studying frugivore-plant interactions: a review and an example using Queensland fruit fly in tomato." PeerJ 9 (August 5, 2021): e11762. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11762.

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Fruit production is negatively affected by a wide range of frugivorous insects, among them tephritid fruit flies are one of the most important. As a replacement for pesticide-based controls, enhancing natural fruit resistance through biotechnology approaches is a poorly researched but promising alternative. The use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is an approach to studying gene expression which has been widely used in studying plant resistance to pathogens and non-frugivorous insect herbivores, and offers a starting point for fruit fly studies. In this paper, we develop a gene selection pipe-line for known induced-defense genes in tomato fruit, Solanum lycopersicum, and putative detoxification genes in Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, as a basis for future RT-qPCR research. The pipeline started with a literature review on plant/herbivore and plant/pathogen molecular interactions. With respect to the fly, this was then followed by the identification of gene families known to be associated with insect resistance to toxins, and then individual genes through reference to annotated B. tryoni transcriptomes and gene identity matching with related species. In contrast for tomato, a much better studied species, individual defense genes could be identified directly through literature research. For B. tryoni, gene selection was then further refined through gene expression studies. Ultimately 28 putative detoxification genes from cytochrome P450 (P450), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC) gene families were identified for B. tryoni, and 15 induced defense genes from receptor-like kinase (RLK), D-mannose/L-galactose, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipoxygenase (LOX), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathways and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), proteinase inhibitors (PI) and resistance (R) gene families were identified from tomato fruit. The developed gene selection process for B. tryoni can be applied to other herbivorous and frugivorous insect pests so long as the minimum necessary genomic information, an annotated transcriptome, is available.

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Lloyd, AC, RAI Drew, DS Teakle, and AC Hayward. "Bacteria Associated with some Dacus Species (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their Host Fruit in Queensland." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 39, no. 4 (1986): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9860361.

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Over a period of 18 months the bacteria associated with approximately 70 adult flies of four Dacus species were isolated and identified. The flies were D. tryoni (Froggatt) and D. neohumeralis Hardy from guava (Psidium guajava L.), mulberry (Morus nigra L.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], D. cacuminatus (Hering) from wild tobacco (Solanum mauritianum Scop.), and D. musae (Tryon) from banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), and were collected in the field when these host plants were fruiting. All flies examined were surface-sterilized prior to aseptic dissection in which crop and mid-gut (stomach) or oesophageal bulbs were removed for culturing. Bacteria were also isolated from faeces of field-collected flies, as well as from host fruit surfaces, oviposition sites and larvae-infested tissue in host fruit. The predominant bacteria found in the alimentary tract of flies and in associated fruit specimens were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella oxytoca, Erwinia herbicola and Enterobacter cloacae were the most frequently isolated species, with Serratia spp., Citrobacter jreundii, Proteus spp., Providencia rettgeri and Escherichia coli, being found less frequently. No one bacterial species was found to be consistently associated with anyone fly species. The bacterial species found most frequently in the alimentary tract were also found in large numbers on the surfaces of host fruit and in stung fruit.

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Jessup, Andrew J. "Gamma Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment for Sweet Cherries Against Queensland Fruit Fly." HortScience 25, no. 4 (April 1990): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.4.456.

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The quality of `Ron's Seedling', `American Bing', and `Lambert' sweet cherry drupes was not affected by irradiation doses up to 300 to 1000 gray. Peduncle discoloration increased in `Ron's Seedling' cherries when irradiated at 600 and 1000 gray. A dose of 75 gray prevented adult eclosion of more than 1300 Queensland fruit fly (Dacus tryoni, Froggatt). Larvae treated at the third instar were the least susceptible to gamma irradiation. The results indicated that gamma irradiation is a feasible quarantine treatment against D. tryoni without impairment to the quality of cherries.

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Tasnin, Mst Shahrima, Rehan Silva, Katharina Merkel, and Anthony R. Clarke. "Response of Male Queensland Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Host Fruit Odors." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 4 (May 15, 2020): 1888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa084.

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Abstract The surveillance and management of Dacini fruit fly pests are commonly split by fly gender: male trapping focuses on the dacine ‘male-lures’, whereas female trapping focuses on lures based on host-fruit volatiles. Although the males of several Dacini species have been reported to be attracted to host fruit volatiles, the option of using host-fruit traps for males has, to date, been ignored. Males of the cue-lure responsive fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) have been recorded as responding to host-fruit volatile blends, but it is not known how frequently this happens, if it is age-dependent, or the strength of the response relative to cue-lure throughout the year. Here, we conducted an olfactometer experiment to test the lifetime (weeks 1–15) response of B. tryoni males to the odor of tomato, a known host of this fly, and compare catches of wild males to tomato-based traps and cue-lure traps in the field. Bactrocera tryoni males started to respond to tomato odor as they sexually matured (2 to 3 wk olds) and thereafter showed consistent olfactory response until advanced age (15 wk). In the field, wild males were captured by tomato-based traps throughout the year at a level not significantly different from cue-lure traps. The reason for the consistent B. tryoni male response to host fruit odor at this stage is not known, but it certainly occurs at a level greater than can be continued to be ignored for both basic and applied research.

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Park, Soo J., Gunjan Pandey, Cynthia Castro-Vargas, John G. Oakeshott, Phillip W. Taylor, and Vivian Mendez. "Cuticular Chemistry of the Queensland Fruit Fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184185.

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The cuticular layer of the insect exoskeleton contains diverse compounds that serve important biological functions, including the maintenance of homeostasis by protecting against water loss, protection from injury, pathogens and insecticides, and communication. Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) is the most destructive pest of fruit production in Australia, yet there are no published accounts of this species’ cuticular chemistry. We here provide a comprehensive description of B. tryoni cuticular chemistry. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and characterize compounds in hexane extracts of B. tryoni adults reared from larvae in naturally infested fruits. The compounds found included spiroacetals, aliphatic amides, saturated/unsaturated and methyl branched C12 to C20 chain esters and C29 to C33 normal and methyl-branched alkanes. The spiroacetals and esters were found to be specific to mature females, while the amides were found in both sexes. Normal and methyl-branched alkanes were qualitatively the same in all age and sex groups but some of the alkanes differed in amounts (as estimated from internal standard-normalized peak areas) between mature males and females, as well as between mature and immature flies. This study provides essential foundations for studies investigating the functions of cuticular chemistry in this economically important species.

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Drew, R. A. I. "Behavioural strategies of fruit flies of the genus Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) significant in mating and host-plant relationships." Bulletin of Entomological Research 77, no. 1 (March 1987): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530001155x.

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AbstractAdults of Dacus spp. feed on plant surface bacteria. The responses of D. tryoni (Froggatt) and D. cacuminatus (Hering) to some components of bacterial odours and to cue-lure were tested in a field-cage olfactometer, in studies in south-eastern Queensland. One component of bacterial emission, 2-butanone, attracted D. tryoni (a species responding to cue-lure) but not D. cacuminatus (a species responding to methyl eugenol) and is suggested as the attractive portion of the cue-lure molecule. Sexually mature males and immature females of D. tryoni responded to 2-butanone, cue-lure and bacterial odours in field-cage tests. Females fed on sugar and water required protein hydrolysate to produce eggs, but males were fertile with or without protein. These different nutrient requirements, and the fact that males and females possess different crop colour and bacterial contents when feeding in the same host-plant, indicate that the sexes feed on different substrates. Consequently, the strong bacterial attractant cues in the host-tree may be a feeding attractant to females and a sex attractant to males. It is proposed that 2-butanone is an important rendezvous stimulant in nature, bringing the mature male flies into the feeding and oviposition sites (host-trees) of the developing females for mating encounters.

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Cruz, Carlos, Alison Tayler, and Steve Whyard. "RNA Interference-Mediated Knockdown of Male Fertility Genes in the Queensland Fruit Fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Insects 9, no. 3 (August 10, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9030096.

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The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, is Australia’s most important horticultural pest. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been used to control this species for decades, using radiation to sterilize males before field-release. This method of sterilization can potentially reduce the insects’ abilities to compete for mates. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) techniques were examined for their potential to sterilize male B. tryoni without adversely affecting mating competitiveness. B. tryoni adults were injected or fed double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting spermatogenesis genes (tssk1, topi and trxt); quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR analyses confirmed that transcript levels were reduced 60–80% for all three genes following injections. Feeding produced a significant gene knockdown for tssk1 and trxt after three days, but interestingly, two genes (trxt and topi) produced an excess of transcripts after 10 days of feeding. Despite these fluctuations in transcript levels, all three dsRNAs impacted the fecundity of treated males, with tssk1- and topi-dsRNA-treated males producing 75% fewer viable offspring than the negative controls. Mating competition assays demonstrated that dsRNA-treated males can actively compete with untreated males. These findings suggest that RNAi technology could serve as an alternative to radiation as a means of sterilizing these insects in an SIT program.

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Kathirithamby, J. "Descriptions and biological notes of Halictophagidae (Strepsiptera) from Australia, with a checklist of the world genera and species." Invertebrate Systematics 6, no. 1 (1992): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9920159.

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One new genus (Blattodeaphagus) and six new species (two of Tridactylophagus Hofeneder & Fulmek, T. buttonensis and T. canberraensis, two of Halictophagus Curtis, H. minutes and H. moorookensis, and two of Coriophagus Kinzelbach, C. lockerbiensis and C. monteithi) are described. New descriptions of one female (H. schwarzi Perkins), one male (H. phaeodes Perkins), three male cephalotheca [H. phaeodes Perkins, H. schwarzi Perkins and H. tryoni (Perkins)] of previously described species and 1st instar larvae of C. rieki Kinzelbach, and revisions of three females of Halictophagus (H. australiensis Perkins, H. phaeodes and H. tryoni) are provided. Keys to subfamilies of Halictophagidae and to the Australian species of Tridactylophagus, Halictophagus and Coriophagus are included. A checklist of the world genera and species of Halictophagidae is given.

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Valerio, Federica, Nicola Zadra, Omar Rota-Stabelli, and Lino Ometto. "The Impact of Fast Radiation on the Phylogeny of Bactrocera Fruit Flies as Revealed by Multiple Evolutionary Models and Mutation Rate-Calibrated Clock." Insects 13, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13070603.

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Several true fruit flies (Tephritidae) cause major damage to agriculture worldwide. Among them, species of the genus Bactrocera are extensively studied to understand the traits associated with their invasiveness and ecology. Comparative approaches based on a reliable phylogenetic framework are particularly effective, but several nodes of the Bactrocera phylogeny are still controversial, especially concerning the reciprocal affinities of the two major pests B. dorsalis and B. tryoni. Here, we analyzed a newly assembled genomic-scaled dataset using different models of evolution to infer a phylogenomic backbone of ten representative Bactrocera species and two outgroups. We further provide the first genome-scaled inference of their divergence by calibrating the clock using fossil records and the spontaneous mutation rate. The results reveal a closer relationship of B. dorsalis with B. latifrons than to B. tryoni, contrary to what was previously supported by mitochondrial-based phylogenies. By employing coalescent-aware and heterogeneous evolutionary models, we show that this incongruence likely derives from a hitherto undetected systematic error, exacerbated by incomplete lineage sorting and possibly hybridization. This agrees with our clock analysis, which supports a rapid and recent radiation of the clade to which B. dorsalis, B. latifrons and B. tryoni belong. These results provide a new picture of Bactrocera phylogeny that can serve as the basis for future comparative analyses.

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Royer, Jane E., Keng Hong Tan, and David G. Mayer. "Comparative Trap Catches of Male Bactrocera, Dacus, and Zeugodacus Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) With Four Floral Phenylbutanoid Lures (Anisyl Acetone, Cue-Lure, Raspberry Ketone, and Zingerone) in Queensland, Australia." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 4 (June 9, 2020): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa056.

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Abstract The male fruit fly attractants, cue-lure (CL) and raspberry ketone (RK), are important in pest management. These volatile phenylbutanoids occur in daciniphilous Bulbophyllum Thouar (Orchidaceae: Asparagales) orchids, along with zingerone (ZN) and anisyl acetone (AA). While these four compounds attract a similar range of species, their relative attractiveness to multiple species is unknown. We field tested these compounds in two fruit fly speciose locations in north Queensland, Australia (Lockhart and Cairns) for 8 wk. Of 16 species trapped in significant numbers, 14 were trapped with CL and RK, all in significantly greater numbers with CL traps than RK traps (at least in higher population locations). This included the pest species Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (CL catches ca. 5× > RK), Bactrocera neohumeralis (Hardy) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Bactrocera bryoniae (Tryon) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (CL catches ca. 3× > RK), and Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (in Cairns—CL catches ca. 1.6× > RK). Seven species were trapped with AA, and all were also caught in CL and RK traps in significantly greater numbers, with the exception of B. frauenfeldi. For this species, catches were not statistically different with CL, RK, and AA in Lockhart, and RK and AA in Cairns. Seven species were trapped with ZN, two at this lure only, and the remainder also with CL or RK but in significantly greater numbers. This is the first quantitative comparison of the relative attractiveness of CL, RK, AA, and ZN against multiple species, and supports the long-held but untested assumption that CL is broadly more attractive lure than RK.

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HERSHLER, ROBERT, HSIU-PING LIU, and J. JERRY LANDYE. "New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled bio-diversity hotspot." Zootaxa 3001, no. 1 (August 23, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3001.1.1.

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We describe 13 new, narrowly localized species of the aquatic gastropod genus Tryonia from springs in the Chihuahuan Desert (Chihuahua and Texas): T. allendae n. sp., T. angosturae n. sp., T. chuviscarae n. sp., T. contrerasi n. sp., T. julimesensis n. sp., T. metcalfi n. sp., T. minckleyi n. sp., T. molinae n. sp., T. oasiensis n. sp., T. ovata n. sp., T. peregrina n. sp., T. taylori n. sp. and T. zaragozae n. sp.. These novelties are distinguished by shell and other morphologic characters and are well differentiated genetically from each other and from other congeners (mtCOI sequence divergence >1.9%). We also provide two new records for T. seemani (Frauenfeld, 1863), which is distributed near the southern limit of the Chihuahuan Desert (Durango State) and previously had been thought to be possibly extinct. Bayesian analysis of a mtCOI dataset resolved two clades composed of novelties described herein: one (containing four species) is distributed in several drainages in Chihuahua, the other (containing three species) is a local species flock in the Río Conchos basin (also in Chihuahua) that lives in the warmest waters yet recorded for Tryonia (41–44°C). (The phylogenetic relationships of the other new species were not well supported.) Both of these clades contain sympatric species pairs; co-occurrence of Tryonia congeners previously had been reported only in Ash Meadows (southern Nevada). Some of the species described herein are from previously unsurveyed localities and may help delineate new areas of endemism within the Chihuahuan Desert. One of the new species (T. julimesensis) became extinct between 1991 and 2001 and another (T. oasiensis) disappeared from its single known locality shortly after it was first discovered in 2009 and also may be extinct. The other species treated herein are at risk of extirpation owing to the declining extent and condition of their unprotected habitats.

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Amin, Md Ruhul, Shubhati Khisa, Habibur Rahman, Rayhanur Jannat, and Muhammad Badruzzaman. "Seasonal abundance of major sucking and chewing insects of guava." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i1.42025.

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Seasonal abundances of the sucking insects, namely mealy bug, white fly and scale insects, and chewing insect viz., fruit fly was monitored during September, 2016 to June, 2017 in a guava Psidium guajava orchard. Sucking insect was monitored by weekly observation on the leaves and chewing insect was captured using methyl eugenol trap. The mealy bug, white fly and scale insects were abundant during 4th week of November to 4th week of January and they showed fluctuations in their population. The mealy bug, white fly and scale insects had peak abundance in the 1st week of January, 4th week of November and 1st week of December, respectively. The scale insect revealed significantly higher abundance compared to other sucking insects. Two species of fruit fly, namely Bactrocera tryoni and B. dorsalis were found in the guava orchard and B. tryoni showed significantly higher abundance compared to B. dorsalis both in winter and summer seasons. In winter, B. tryoni reached the peak abundance in the 2nd week of January and their peak abundance in summer occurred in the 1st week of May. The daily mean temperature and relative humidity influenced the abundance of the sucking and chewing insects. Temperature individually contributed 30.0, 59.6, 59.3% abundance and temperature with relative humidity had 34.8, 60.9 and 73.5% abundance on mealy bug, white fly and scale insect, respectively. The effect of temperature on the abundance of fruit fly in winter and summer were 42.6 and 50.3%, respectively and the combined effect of temperature with relative humidity were 68.7% in winter and 61.9% in summer. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 97-105, 2019

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Mas, Flore, Lee-Anne Manning, Maryam Alavi, Terry Osborne, Olivia Reynolds, and Andrew Kralicek. "Early detection of fruit infested with Bactrocera tryoni." Postharvest Biology and Technology 175 (May 2021): 111496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111496.

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35

Clarke, Anthony R., Katharina Merkel, Andrew D. Hulthen, and Florian Schwarzmueller. "Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) overwintering: an overview." Austral Entomology 58, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aen.12369.

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Booth, Yvonne K., William Kitching, and James J. De Voss. "Biosynthesis of the Spiroacetal Suite in Bactrocera tryoni." ChemBioChem 12, no. 1 (December 9, 2010): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201000481.

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Rojas Alvarado, Alexander Francisco. "Novedades en Jamesonia y Tryonia (Pteridaceae) para el Neotrópico." Acta Botanica Malacitana 42, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v42i1.3027.

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Tres especies nuevas de Jamesonia Hook. & Grev. para el Neotrópico son descritas aquí: J. erecta A. Rojas, J. panamensis A. Rojas y J. retroflexa A. Rojas. La primera especie se caracteriza por rizoma robusto y ascendente; frondas cortas y ascendentes; lámina estrecha; rachis recto a levemente flexuoso, lámina adaxialmente glabra y abaxialmente con pelos glandulares. La segunda especie tiene distintivamente estípite atropurpúreo a negro, lustroso y glabro; lámina 1-pinnada-pinnatifida o hasta 2-pinadas basalmente, con base truncada; segmentos terminales con dientes agudos, pelos sobre la superficie abaxial rígidos e hialinos, y distribuidos a 1850-2200 m. La tercera especie es reconocida por la lámina oblonga; rachis pardo y flexuoso; pinnas ascendentes; pínnulas retroflexas; segmentos apicales que terminan en particiones ampliamente dicotómicas; venas terminado en puntas oscuras y distribuidas a mayor altitud (3500 m). En el género Tryonia Schuettp., J. Prado & A.T. Cochran se describe a T. macrophylla A. Rojas, y difiere de T. myriophylla (Sw.) Schuettp., J. Prado & A.T. Cochran. por rizoma y base del estípite escamosos; estípite y raquis pardo-rojizo; frondas largas (150-200 cm), conocidas de Colombia y distribuidas a mayor distribución altitudinal (2450- 2740 m). Seguidamente se combina a Gymnogramma glandulifera Hieron. bajo el género Jamesonia y se registra para Costa Rica y Mesoamérica a Jamesonia rufescens (Fée) Christenh.

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Rojas Alvarado, Alexander Francisco. "Novedades en Jamesonia y Tryonia (Pteridaceae) para el Neotrópico." Acta Botanica Malacitana 42 (February 7, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/actabotanicaabmabm.v42i0.3027.

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Tres especies nuevas de Jamesonia Hook. & Grev. para el Neotrópico son descritas aquí: J. erecta A. Rojas, J. panamensis A. Rojas y J. retroflexa A. Rojas. La primera especie se caracteriza por rizoma robusto y ascendente; frondas cortas y ascendentes; lámina estrecha; rachis rectoo a levemente flexuoso, lámina adaxialmente glabra y abaxialmente con pelos glandulares. La segunda especie tiene distintivamente estípite atropurpúreo a negro, lustroso y glabro; lámina 1-pinnada-pinnatifida o hasta 2-pinadas basalmente, con base truncada; segmentos terminales con dientes agudos, pelos sobre la superficie abaxial rígidos e hialinos, y distribuidos a 1850-2200 m. La tercera especie es reconocida por la lámina oblonga; rachis pardo y flexuoso; pinnas ascendentes; pínnulas retroflexas; segmentos apicales que terminan en particiones ampliamente dicotómicas; venas terminado en puntas oscuras y distribuidas a mayor distribución altitudinal (3500 m). En el género Tryonia se describe a T. macrophylla A. Rojas, y difiere de T. myriophylla (Sw.) Schuettp., J. Prado & A.T. Cochran. por rizoma y base del estípite escamosos; estípite y raquis pardo-rojizo; frondas largas (150-200 cm), conocidas de Colombia y distribuidas a mayor distribución altitudinal (2450-2740 m). Seguidamente se combina a Gymnogramma glandulifera Hieron. bajo el género Jamesonia y se registra para Costa Rica y Mesoamérica a Jamesonia rufescens (Fée) Christenh.

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Weldon, C. W., S. Yap, and P. W. Taylor. "Desiccation resistance of wild and mass-reared Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 6 (July 18, 2013): 690–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000394.

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AbstractIn pest management programmes that incorporate the sterile insect technique (SIT), the ability of mass-reared insects to tolerate dry conditions may influence their survival after release in the field. In the present study, desiccation resistance of adult mass-reared Queensland fruit flies, Bactrocera tryoni (Frogatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), that are routinely released in SIT programmes was compared with that of wild flies at 1, 10 and 20 days after adult eclosion. Under dry conditions without access to food or water, longevity of mass-reared B. tryoni was significantly less than that of their wild counterparts. Desiccation resistance of mass-reared flies declined monotonically with age, but this was not the case for wild flies. The sharp decline in desiccation resistance of mass-reared flies as they aged was likely explained by decreased dehydration tolerance. As in an earlier study, desiccation resistance of females was significantly lower than that of males but this was particularly pronounced in mass-reared females. Female susceptibility to dry conditions corresponded with declining dehydration tolerance with age and associated patterns of reproductive development, which suggests that water content of their oocyte load is not available for survival during periods of water stress.

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40

Begley, Justin. "Thomas Tryon’s Abridgement of Palladius." Notes and Queries 66, no. 4 (September 17, 2019): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjz118.

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41

BLACKET, MARK J., LINDA SEMERARO, and MALLIK B. MALIPATIL. "Barcoding Queensland Fruit Flies ( Bactrocera tryoni ): impediments and improvements." Molecular Ecology Resources 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2012): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03124.x.

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42

Eisemann, C. H., and M. J. Rice. "Attractants for the gravid Queensland fruit fly Dacus tryoni." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 62, no. 2 (February 1992): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1992.tb00651.x.

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Kempraj, Vivek, Soo Jean Park, and Phillip W. Taylor. "γ‐Octalactone, an effective oviposition stimulant of Bactrocera tryoni." Journal of Applied Entomology 143, no. 10 (October 23, 2019): 1205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jen.12711.

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44

Murphy, KM, IC Mac Rae, and DS Teakle. "Nitrogenase Activity in the Queensland Fruit Fly, Dacus tryoni." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 41, no. 4 (1988): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9880447.

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When 5-day-old laboratory-raised Queensland fruit flies (Dacus tryoni) were fed a dinitrogen-fixing bacterial strain of Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from the crop of a wild fly, acetylene reduction (nitrogenase) activity associated with the flies was detected after 2 to 3 days and persisted for at least 22 days. Flies not fed the dinitrogen-fixing strain were negative for acetylene reduction until 21 days after emergence. Presumably such dinitrogen-fixing bacteria are able to supply some Queensland fruit flies with a small part of their nitrogen requirements, but its importance is unknown.

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45

Tayler, Alison, Daniel Heschuk, David Giesbrecht, Jae Yeon Park, and Steve Whyard. "Efficiency of RNA interference is improved by knockdown of dsRNA nucleases in tephritid fruit flies." Open Biology 9, no. 12 (December 2019): 190198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.190198.

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RNA interference (RNAi) in insects is routinely used to ascertain gene function, but also has potential as a technology to control pest species. For some insects, such as beetles, ingestion of small quantities of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is able to knock down a targeted gene's expression. However, in other species, ingestion of dsRNA can be ineffective owing to the presence of nucleases within the gut, which degrade dsRNA before it reaches target cells. In this study, we observed that nucleases within the gut of the Queensland fruit fly ( Bactrocera tryoni ) rapidly degrade dsRNA and reduce RNAi efficacy. By complexing dsRNA with liposomes within the adult insect's diet, RNAi-mediated knockdown of a melanin synthesis gene, yellow , was improved significantly, resulting in strong RNAi phenotypes. RNAi efficiency was also enhanced by feeding both larvae and adults for several days on dsRNAs that targeted two different dsRNase gene transcripts. Co-delivery of both dsRNase-specific dsRNAs and yellow dsRNA resulted in almost complete knockdown of the yellow transcripts. These findings show that the use of liposomes or co-feeding of nuclease-specific dsRNAs significantly improves RNAi inhibition of gene expression in B. tryoni and could be a useful strategy to improve RNAi-based control in other insect species.

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Theischinger, G. "A Revision of the Australian Genus Telephlebia Selys (Odonata: Aeshnidae: Brachytroninae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 33, no. 2 (1985): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9850245.

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Telephlebia Selys is briefly redefined, and its species are reviewed. A subdivision of the genus into two species-groups is proposed. A new species, Telephlebia undia, sp. nov., and the as yet undescribed female of Telephlebia tryoni Tillyard are described. It is established that Telephlebia mjobergi Sjostedt is a junior synonym of Telephlebia tillvardi Campion. A lectotype for Telephlebia godefroji Selys is designated. Descriptive history and illustrations of all known species and an identification key are presented.

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Heather, N. W., P. M. Peterson, and R. A. Kopittke. "Quarantine disinfestation of capsicums against Queensland fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) with dimethoate." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 7 (1999): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97149.

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Summary. A postharvest dimethoate treatment at 400 mg/L applied through a packing-line spray system achieved >99.99% efficacy as a quarantine disinfestation method against Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) infesting capsicums (peppers), Capsicum annuum L. There were no survivors in confirmatory tests on fruit containing 77 130 eggs, the most tolerant life stage. The spray system thoroughly wetted fruit at a delivery rate of 9.2 L/min.m2 for a minimum time of 1 min.

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Heather, N. W., R. A. Kopittke, and E. A. Pike. "A heated air quarantine disinfestation treatment against Queensland fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) for tomatoes." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 8 (2002): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01022.

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A circulated heated-air treatment at 92% RH to achieve and maintain a minimum fruit core temperature of 44°C for 2 h is shown to disinfest tomatoes against Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) for market access quarantine purposes. The efficacy of the treatment exceeded 99.99%, tested at the 95% confidence level. An estimated 78 439 eggs were used for large-scale trials, as the stage of the pest most tolerant of heat at the treatment temperature.

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Ekanayake, Wasala M. T. D., Anthony R. Clarke, and Mark K. Schutze. "Close‐distance courtship of laboratory reared Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Austral Entomology 58, no. 3 (August 2018): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aen.12365.

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HERSHLER, ROBERT, MARGARET MULVEY, and HSIU-PING LIU. "Biogeography in the Death Valley region: evidence from springsnails (Hydrobiidae: Tryonia)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 126, no. 3 (July 1999): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1999.tb01375.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tryonii'

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