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Journal articles on the topic 'Trypanosoma'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Marcili, Arlei, Andréa Pereira da Costa, Pablo Henrique Nunes, et al. "Description of Four New Trypanosoma Species Infecting Small Wild Mammals from Two Brazilian Biomes: The Pantanal and Cerrado Hotspots." Microorganisms 13, no. 6 (2025): 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13061257.

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The parasites of the genus Trypanosoma have a great diversity of vertebrate hosts and can be transmitted by several groups of invertebrates. All rodent and marsupial species are potential hosts of different trypanosome species. Most species descriptions of trypanosomes have been based only on morphological characteristics. In this study, we conducted a survey on trypanosome infection in small mammals that were caught in an area of the Brazilian Pantanal (Wetlands) and Cerrado (Savanna) biomes in the state of Mato Grosso. The trypanosomes isolated were included in phylogenetic studies based on

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2

Espinosa-Álvarez, Oneida, Paola A. Ortiz, Luciana Lima, et al. "Trypanosoma rangeli is phylogenetically closer to Old World trypanosomes than to Trypanosoma cruzi." International Journal for Parasitology 48, no. 7 (2018): 569–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472680.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi are generalist trypanosomes sharing a wide range of mammalian hosts; they are transmitted by triatomine bugs, and are the only trypanosomes infecting humans in the Neotropics. Their origins, phylogenetic relationships, and emergence as human parasites have long been subjects of interest. In the present study, taxon-rich analyses (20 trypanosome species from bats and terrestrial mammals) using ssrRNA, glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and Spliced

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3

Espinosa-Álvarez, Oneida, Paola A. Ortiz, Luciana Lima, et al. "Trypanosoma rangeli is phylogenetically closer to Old World trypanosomes than to Trypanosoma cruzi." International Journal for Parasitology 48, no. 7 (2018): 569–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472680.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi are generalist trypanosomes sharing a wide range of mammalian hosts; they are transmitted by triatomine bugs, and are the only trypanosomes infecting humans in the Neotropics. Their origins, phylogenetic relationships, and emergence as human parasites have long been subjects of interest. In the present study, taxon-rich analyses (20 trypanosome species from bats and terrestrial mammals) using ssrRNA, glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and Spliced

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4

Espinosa-Álvarez, Oneida, Paola A. Ortiz, Luciana Lima, et al. "Trypanosoma rangeli is phylogenetically closer to Old World trypanosomes than to Trypanosoma cruzi." International Journal for Parasitology 48, no. 7 (2018): 569–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472680.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi are generalist trypanosomes sharing a wide range of mammalian hosts; they are transmitted by triatomine bugs, and are the only trypanosomes infecting humans in the Neotropics. Their origins, phylogenetic relationships, and emergence as human parasites have long been subjects of interest. In the present study, taxon-rich analyses (20 trypanosome species from bats and terrestrial mammals) using ssrRNA, glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and Spliced

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5

Espinosa-Álvarez, Oneida, Paola A. Ortiz, Luciana Lima, et al. "Trypanosoma rangeli is phylogenetically closer to Old World trypanosomes than to Trypanosoma cruzi." International Journal for Parasitology 48, no. 7 (2018): 569–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472680.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi are generalist trypanosomes sharing a wide range of mammalian hosts; they are transmitted by triatomine bugs, and are the only trypanosomes infecting humans in the Neotropics. Their origins, phylogenetic relationships, and emergence as human parasites have long been subjects of interest. In the present study, taxon-rich analyses (20 trypanosome species from bats and terrestrial mammals) using ssrRNA, glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and Spliced

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6

Espinosa-Álvarez, Oneida, Paola A. Ortiz, Luciana Lima, et al. "Trypanosoma rangeli is phylogenetically closer to Old World trypanosomes than to Trypanosoma cruzi." International Journal for Parasitology 48, no. 7 (2018): 569–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472680.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi are generalist trypanosomes sharing a wide range of mammalian hosts; they are transmitted by triatomine bugs, and are the only trypanosomes infecting humans in the Neotropics. Their origins, phylogenetic relationships, and emergence as human parasites have long been subjects of interest. In the present study, taxon-rich analyses (20 trypanosome species from bats and terrestrial mammals) using ssrRNA, glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) and Spliced

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7

Kamani, J., Y. J. Atuman, D. A. Oche, et al. "Molecular detection of Trypanosoma spp. and Hepatocystis parasite infections of bats in Northern Nigeria." Parasitology 149, no. 11 (2022): 1460–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13534328.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) , Bats are mammalian hosts to a large diversity of eukaryotic protozoan blood parasites, including different genera of haemosporidians and diverse species of trypanosomes. Phylogenetic studies suggest that bats, particularly in Africa, have played an important role in the evolutionary histories of these parasite groups. However, our understanding of the diversity and distribution of chiropteran haemosporidians and trypanosomes in Africa remains tenuous. We investigated the prevalence and phylogenetic relationships of the blood parasites in dif

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8

Kamani, J., Y. J. Atuman, D. A. Oche, et al. "Molecular detection of Trypanosoma spp. and Hepatocystis parasite infections of bats in Northern Nigeria." Parasitology 149, no. 11 (2022): 1460–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13534328.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) , Bats are mammalian hosts to a large diversity of eukaryotic protozoan blood parasites, including different genera of haemosporidians and diverse species of trypanosomes. Phylogenetic studies suggest that bats, particularly in Africa, have played an important role in the evolutionary histories of these parasite groups. However, our understanding of the diversity and distribution of chiropteran haemosporidians and trypanosomes in Africa remains tenuous. We investigated the prevalence and phylogenetic relationships of the blood parasites in dif

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9

Jose dos Santos, Wesley, Livia Maisa Guiraldi, Mirian Dos Santos Paixão Marques, et al. "TRYPANOSOMA spp. in captive primates in a brazilian zoo." Revista de Patologia Tropical / Journal of Tropical Pathology 50, no. 2 (2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v50i2.69303.

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Captive animals, despite the constant care provided, are susceptible to infections from different sources. We herein report the natural trypanosome infection of 11 (28.2% positive) out of 39 non-human primates from 13 different species, in a Brazilian zoological park. Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) ruled out Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. However, sequencing performed with positive samples employing hsp70 primers revealed similarities from 86% to 88% to diverse trypanosomes, including T. cruzi, Trypanosoma g

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10

Krige, Anna-Sheree, R. C. Andrew Thompson, Anke Seidlitz, Sarah Keatley, Julia Wayne, and Peta L. Clode. "Molecular Detection of Trypanosoma spp. in Questing and Feeding Ticks (Ixodidae) Collected from an Endemic Region of South-West Australia." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (2021): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081037.

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A growing number of indigenous trypanosomes have been reported to naturally infect a variety of Australian wildlife with some species of Trypanosoma implicated in the population decline of critically endangered marsupials. However, the mode of transmission of Australian trypanosomes is unknown since their vectors remain unidentified. Here we aimed to fill this current knowledge gap about the occurrence and identity of indigenous trypanosomes in Australian invertebrates by conducting molecular screening for the presence of Trypanosoma spp. in native ticks collected from south-west Australia. A

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11

Peace Igolia, Ngozichukwuka, Alexander I Gray, Carol J. Clements, John O Igoli, Nzekwe Ub, and Rajeev K Singla. "Scientific Investigation of Antitrypanosomal Activity of Crateva Adansonii DC Leaves Extracts." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, no. 03 (2012): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2012.27.

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Crateva adansonii DC is used in traditional medicines in the West of Africa. The crude hexane (CAN-1) and ethyl acetate (CAN-2) extracts were evaluated for their in vitro bioactivity against African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei brucei (S427) blood stream forms. The crude extracts showed moderate anti-trypanosomal activity (MIC 12.5µg/ml). We recommend its use either alone or in combination with other natural/semi-synthetic/synthetic drugs for the treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved. KEYWORDS: Crateva adansonii DC; Anti-trypanoso

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12

Grab, D. J., P. Webster, S. Ito, W. R. Fish, Y. Verjee, and J. D. Lonsdale-Eccles. "Subcellular localization of a variable surface glycoprotein phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase-C in African trypanosomes." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 2 (1987): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.2.737.

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African trypanosomes contain a membrane-bound enzyme capable of removing dimyristylglycerol from the membrane-attached form of the variable surface glycoprotein (mfVSG; Ferguson, M. A. J., K. Halder, and G. A. M. Cross, 1985, J. Biol Chem., 260:4963-4968). Although mfVSG phospholipase-C has been implicated in the removal of the VSG from the trypanosome surface (Cardoso de Almeida, M. L., and M. J. Turner, 1983, Nature (Lond.)., 302:349-352; Ferguson, M. A. J., K. Halder, and G. A. M. Cross, 1985, J. Biol Chem., 260:4963-4968), its precise function and subcellular location have not been determi

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13

Barros, Juliana H.S., Luciana Lima, Armando O. Schubach, and Marta M.G. Teixeira. "Trypanosoma madeirae sp. n.: A species of the clade T. cruzi associated with the neotropical common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 8 (June 12, 2019): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472634.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the growing diversity of bat trypanosomes. Here, 14 isolates from blood samples of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus (Phyllostomidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, were cultivated, and morphologically and molecularly characterized. All isolates represent a novel species named Trypanosoma madeirae n. sp. positioned in the Neobat lineage of the clade T. cruzi. The Neobat lineage also comprises closely related trypanosomes of clades Neotropic 1, 2 and 3 from diverse phyllostomid species. Trypa

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14

Barros, Juliana H.S., Luciana Lima, Armando O. Schubach, and Marta M.G. Teixeira. "Trypanosoma madeirae sp. n.: A species of the clade T. cruzi associated with the neotropical common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 8 (June 7, 2019): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472634.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the growing diversity of bat trypanosomes. Here, 14 isolates from blood samples of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus (Phyllostomidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, were cultivated, and morphologically and molecularly characterized. All isolates represent a novel species named Trypanosoma madeirae n. sp. positioned in the Neobat lineage of the clade T. cruzi. The Neobat lineage also comprises closely related trypanosomes of clades Neotropic 1, 2 and 3 from diverse phyllostomid species. Trypa

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15

Barros, Juliana H.S., Luciana Lima, Armando O. Schubach, and Marta M.G. Teixeira. "Trypanosoma madeirae sp. n.: A species of the clade T. cruzi associated with the neotropical common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 8 (July 3, 2019): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472634.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the growing diversity of bat trypanosomes. Here, 14 isolates from blood samples of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus (Phyllostomidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, were cultivated, and morphologically and molecularly characterized. All isolates represent a novel species named Trypanosoma madeirae n. sp. positioned in the Neobat lineage of the clade T. cruzi. The Neobat lineage also comprises closely related trypanosomes of clades Neotropic 1, 2 and 3 from diverse phyllostomid species. Trypa

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16

Barros, Juliana H.S., Luciana Lima, Armando O. Schubach, and Marta M.G. Teixeira. "Trypanosoma madeirae sp. n.: A species of the clade T. cruzi associated with the neotropical common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 8 (July 10, 2019): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472634.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the growing diversity of bat trypanosomes. Here, 14 isolates from blood samples of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus (Phyllostomidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, were cultivated, and morphologically and molecularly characterized. All isolates represent a novel species named Trypanosoma madeirae n. sp. positioned in the Neobat lineage of the clade T. cruzi. The Neobat lineage also comprises closely related trypanosomes of clades Neotropic 1, 2 and 3 from diverse phyllostomid species. Trypa

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17

Barros, Juliana H.S., Luciana Lima, Armando O. Schubach, and Marta M.G. Teixeira. "Trypanosoma madeirae sp. n.: A species of the clade T. cruzi associated with the neotropical common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 8 (July 17, 2019): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13472634.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the growing diversity of bat trypanosomes. Here, 14 isolates from blood samples of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus (Phyllostomidae) from Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, were cultivated, and morphologically and molecularly characterized. All isolates represent a novel species named Trypanosoma madeirae n. sp. positioned in the Neobat lineage of the clade T. cruzi. The Neobat lineage also comprises closely related trypanosomes of clades Neotropic 1, 2 and 3 from diverse phyllostomid species. Trypa

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18

ALSFORD, SAM, JOHN M. KELLY, NICOLA BAKER, and DAVID HORN. "Genetic dissection of drug resistance in trypanosomes." Parasitology 140, no. 12 (2013): 1478–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201300022x.

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SUMMARYThe trypanosomes cause two neglected tropical diseases, Chagas disease in the Americas and African trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Over recent years a raft of molecular tools have been developed enabling the genetic dissection of many aspects of trypanosome biology, including the mechanisms underlying resistance to some of the current clinical and veterinary drugs. This has led to the identification and characterization of key resistance determinants, including transporters for the anti-Trypanosoma bruceidrugs, melarsoprol, pentamidine and eflornithine, and the activator of nifur

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Yang, Xiaoao, Pengzhi Qi, Zhen Tao, et al. "Identification of a new fish trypanosome from the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and description of its impact on host pathology, blood biochemical parameters and immune responses." Parasite 32 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2024078.

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The aim of this study was to clarify the taxonomic identification of a hemoflagellate and assess the effect of trypanosome infection on Larimichthys crocea. Giemsa staining showed the presence of three morphotypes of trypomastigotes. The trypanosomes had the following morphological characteristics: a slender body with a long flagellum at the front; body size 12.30–30.90 × 1.13–2.33 μm; elongated oval nucleus situated in the median region; kinetoplast small, oval, located at the posterior end. The parasite had significant morphological differences from Trypanosoma epinepheli Su, Feng, Jiang, Gu

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Marcili, Arlei, Andrea P. da Costa, Herbert S. Soares, et al. "First Report of Trypanosoma sp. in Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus): Morphological and Phylogenetic Relationships." ISRN Parasitology 2013 (August 13, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/328794.

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In Crocodylidae family three trypanosomes species were described, T. grayi in African crocodilian and T. cecili and Trypanosoma sp. in Caimans species from Brazil. T. grayi was transmitted by tsetse flies and the vector of Brazilian caimans trypanosomes is unknown. We characterized first Brazilian trypanosome isolated in spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) from Mato Grosso State in Brazil. Morphological findings in epimastigotes forms from axenic culture showed high similarity with Trypanosoma sp. described in Caiman yacare from Brazilian Pantanal. Phylogenetic studies performed with SSU rDN

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Ekra, Jean-Yves, Edouard K. N’Goran, Leonard E. G. Mboera, Biégo Guillaume Gragnon, Koco Rita Nadège Assovié, and Eliakunda Michael Mafie. "Molecular epidemiological survey of pathogenic trypanosomes in naturally infected cattle in northern Côte d’ivoire." Parasites, Hosts and Diseases 61, no. 2 (2023): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/phd.22170.

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Bovine trypanosomiasis is a significant health concern for livestock intensification in Côte d’Ivoire. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of pathogenic trypanosomes and identify the most infected cattle breed in northern Côte d'Ivoire. We examined 700 cattle and found that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was more sensitive (12.3%) than microscopic observation (5.6%). Among the trypanosome species detected in naturally infected cattle, Trypanosoma vivax was 7.3%, Trypanosoma simiae tsavo was 6.7%, and Trypanosoma congolense was 0.4%. The overall prevalence of trypanos

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22

Bemba, Irina, Arsene Lenga, Herman Parfait Awono-Ambene, and Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio. "Tsetse Flies Infected with Trypanosomes in Three Active Human African Trypanosomiasis Foci of the Republic of Congo." Pathogens 11, no. 11 (2022): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111275.

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Introduction: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease still endemic in the Republic of Congo. Despite the continuous detection of HAT cases in the country, there is still not enough data on trypanosome infections in tsetse flies, trypanosome species and tsetse flies’ species distribution in endemic foci. The present study was intended to fill this gap and improve understanding of trypanosome circulation in three active foci in the centre and south of Congo. Methods: Pyramid traps were set in various places in villages to collect tsetse flies both during the rainy an

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23

Votýpka, Jan, Jana Szabová, Jana Rádrová, Lenka Zídková, and Milena Svobodová. "Trypanosoma culicavium sp. nov., an avian trypanosome transmitted by Culex mosquitoes." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_3 (2012): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.032110-0.

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A novel avian trypanosome, Trypanosoma culicavium sp. nov., isolated from Culex mosquitoes, is described on the basis of naturally and experimentally infected vectors and bird hosts, localization in the vector, morphological characters and molecular data. This study provides the first comprehensive description of a trypanosome species transmitted by mosquitoes, in which parasites form plugs and rosettes on the stomodeal valve. Trypanosomes occurred as long epimastigotes and short trypomastigotes in vectors and culture and as long trypomastigotes in birds. Transmission of parasites to bird host

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24

Villalba-Alemán, Evaristo, Luciana Lima, Paola Andrea Ortiz, et al. "Spillover of Trypanosoma lewisi and Trypanosoma musculi Allied Trypanosomes from Rodents to Bats in the Roofs of Human Dwellings: Synanthropic Bats as a Potential New Source of Human Opportunistic Trypanosomes." Zoonotic Diseases 4, no. 4 (2024): 320–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis4040028.

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Bats and rodents serve as reservoirs for numerous zoonotic pathogens, including species of Trypanosoma and Leishmania. Domestic rats host the flea-transmitted Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) lewisi, which can be associated with humans, particularly young or immunocompromised individuals. Using Fluorescent Fragment Length Barcoding (FFLB) and phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA sequences, we identified two Herpetosoma species, T. lewisi-like and T. musculi-like species, in bats of different families inhabiting rooftops and peridomestic structures in Brazil (44%, 107 bats examined) and Venezuela (

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Maganga, Gael Darren, Larson Boundenga, Emmanuella Jacqueline Ologui-Minkue-Edzo, et al. "Frequency and diversity of trypanosomes in sheep and goats from Mongo County in South Gabon, Central Africa." November-2020 13, no. 11 (2020): 2502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2502-2507.

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Background and Aim: Trypanosomosis is a major impediment to livestock farming in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a vector-borne disease caused by several species of protozoan parasites, namely, trypanosomes. The present study aimed to identify the diversity of trypanosome species infecting sheep and goats from Mongo County and to determine the frequency of these parasites. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 286 trypanotolerant goats and sheep from Mongo regions located in South Gabon, using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Analyses showed that the overall occurrence of trypanosomo

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Preußer, Christian, Zsofia Palfi, and Albrecht Bindereif. "Special Sm Core Complex Functions in Assembly of the U2 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein of Trypanosoma brucei." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 8 (2009): 1228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00090-09.

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ABSTRACT The processing of polycistronic pre-mRNAs in trypanosomes requires the spliceosomal small ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs) U1, U2, U4/U6, U5, and SL, each of which contains a core of seven Sm proteins. Recently we reported the first evidence for a core variation in spliceosomal snRNPs; specifically, in the trypanosome U2 snRNP, two of the canonical Sm proteins, SmB and SmD3, are replaced by two U2-specific Sm proteins, Sm15K and Sm16.5K. Here we identify the U2-specific, nuclear-localized U2B″ protein from Trypanosoma brucei. U2B″ interacts with a second U2 snRNP protein, U2-40K (

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Qiu, Yongjin, Masahiro Kajihara, Hayato Harima, et al. "Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma spp. detected from striped leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros vittatus) in Zambia." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 9 (June 12, 2019): 234–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13434818.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bat trypanosomes consist of more than 30 trypanosome species from over 70 species of bats. Recent studies suggest that bats play a role in disseminating trypanosomes from African continent to the terrestrial mammals both in the Afrotropic-Palearctic Ecozones and Nearctic Ecozone. However, the diversity, distribution, and evolution of bat trypanosomes are still unclear. To better understand their evolution, more genetic data of bat trypanosomes from a variety of locations are required. During a survey of Borrelia spp. of bats inhabiting a cave

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Qiu, Yongjin, Masahiro Kajihara, Hayato Harima, et al. "Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma spp. detected from striped leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros vittatus) in Zambia." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 9 (June 7, 2019): 234–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13434818.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bat trypanosomes consist of more than 30 trypanosome species from over 70 species of bats. Recent studies suggest that bats play a role in disseminating trypanosomes from African continent to the terrestrial mammals both in the Afrotropic-Palearctic Ecozones and Nearctic Ecozone. However, the diversity, distribution, and evolution of bat trypanosomes are still unclear. To better understand their evolution, more genetic data of bat trypanosomes from a variety of locations are required. During a survey of Borrelia spp. of bats inhabiting a cave

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Qiu, Yongjin, Masahiro Kajihara, Hayato Harima, et al. "Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma spp. detected from striped leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros vittatus) in Zambia." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 9 (July 3, 2019): 234–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13434818.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bat trypanosomes consist of more than 30 trypanosome species from over 70 species of bats. Recent studies suggest that bats play a role in disseminating trypanosomes from African continent to the terrestrial mammals both in the Afrotropic-Palearctic Ecozones and Nearctic Ecozone. However, the diversity, distribution, and evolution of bat trypanosomes are still unclear. To better understand their evolution, more genetic data of bat trypanosomes from a variety of locations are required. During a survey of Borrelia spp. of bats inhabiting a cave

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Qiu, Yongjin, Masahiro Kajihara, Hayato Harima, et al. "Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma spp. detected from striped leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros vittatus) in Zambia." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 9 (July 10, 2019): 234–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13434818.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bat trypanosomes consist of more than 30 trypanosome species from over 70 species of bats. Recent studies suggest that bats play a role in disseminating trypanosomes from African continent to the terrestrial mammals both in the Afrotropic-Palearctic Ecozones and Nearctic Ecozone. However, the diversity, distribution, and evolution of bat trypanosomes are still unclear. To better understand their evolution, more genetic data of bat trypanosomes from a variety of locations are required. During a survey of Borrelia spp. of bats inhabiting a cave

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Qiu, Yongjin, Masahiro Kajihara, Hayato Harima, et al. "Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma spp. detected from striped leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros vittatus) in Zambia." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 9 (July 17, 2019): 234–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13434818.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bat trypanosomes consist of more than 30 trypanosome species from over 70 species of bats. Recent studies suggest that bats play a role in disseminating trypanosomes from African continent to the terrestrial mammals both in the Afrotropic-Palearctic Ecozones and Nearctic Ecozone. However, the diversity, distribution, and evolution of bat trypanosomes are still unclear. To better understand their evolution, more genetic data of bat trypanosomes from a variety of locations are required. During a survey of Borrelia spp. of bats inhabiting a cave

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Matovu, Enock, Claire Mack Mugasa, Peter Waiswa, Annah Kitibwa, Alex Boobo, and Joseph Mathu Ndung’u. "Haemoparasitic Infections in Cattle from a Trypanosoma brucei Rhodesiense Sleeping Sickness Endemic District of Eastern Uganda." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 1 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5010024.

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We carried out a baseline survey of cattle in Kaberamaido district, in the context of controlling the domestic animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis (rHAT) towards elimination. Cattle blood was subjected to capillary tube centrifugation followed by measurement of the packed cell volume (PCV) and examination of the buffy coat area for motile trypanosomes. Trypanosomes were detected in 561 (21.4%) out of 2621 cattle screened by microscopy. These 561 in addition to 724 apparently trypanosome negative samples with low PCVs (≤25%) were transported to the l

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FAST, Beate, Katrin KREMP, Michael BOSHART, and Dietmar STEVERDING. "Iron-dependent regulation of transferrin receptor expression in Trypanosoma brucei." Biochemical Journal 342, no. 3 (1999): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3420691.

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Transferrin is an essential growth factor for African trypanosomes. Here we show that expression of the trypanosomal transferrin receptor, which bears no structural similarity with mammalian transferrin receptors, is regulated by iron availability. Iron depletion of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei with the iron chelator deferoxamine resulted in a 3-fold up-regulation of the transferrin receptor and a 3-fold increase of the transferrin uptake rate. The abundance of expression site associated gene product 6 (ESAG6) mRNA, which encodes one of the two subunits of the trypanosome transferri

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Jolayemi, KO, M. Mamman, D. Sani, M. O. Okoronkwo, and J. Amaje. "In vitro and in vivo changes observed in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected rats treated with artesunate and/or diminazene aceturate." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 4 (2021): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v18i4.5.

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This study evaluated in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal effect of artesunate and/or diminazene aceturate in Wistar rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. In vitro screening was carried out in triplicates using 50 μl of 0.2, 2 and 20 μg/μl of artesunate as test drug; diminazene aceturate, normal saline and trypanosome-infected blood served as controls in a 96-well microtitre plate, incubated at 37˚C for 5 minutes. Efficacy was observed over a period of 60 minutes for reduced or complete trypanosomal immobilization. Results showed concentration-dependent cessation of try

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Stevens, Jamie R., and Wendy C. Gibson. "The evolution of pathogenic trypanosomes." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 15, no. 4 (1999): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000400002.

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In the absence of a fossil record, the evolution of protozoa has until recently largely remained a matter for speculation. However, advances in molecular methods and phylogenetic analysis are now allowing interpretation of the "history written in the genes". This review focuses on recent progress in reconstruction of trypanosome phylogeny based on molecular data from ribosomal RNA, the miniexon and protein-coding genes. Sufficient data have now been gathered to demonstrate unequivocally that trypanosomes are monophyletic; the phylogenetic trees derived can serve as a framework to reinterpret t

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Tono, Rafi Rabecca, Olufemi Oladayo Faleke, Alhaji Magaji, Musbaudeen Olayinka Alayande, Akinyemi Olaposi Fajinmi, and Emmanuel Busayo Ibitoye. "Presence of Trypanosome Species and Anemic Status of Dogs in Zuru, Nigeria." Macedonian Veterinary Review 38, no. 2 (2015): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14432/j.macvetrev.2015.09.053.

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Abstract The aim of this research is to study the presence and prevalence of trypanosome species in local dogs between January and July, 2010 in the Zuru area of Kebbi State, Nigeria.Standard trypanosome detection methods comprising of wet blood films, thin films and microhaematocrit centrifugation technique were used to detect trypanosomes; while the degree of anemia was determined through the use of FAMACHA® eye colour chart and packed cell volume values. A total of 567 dogs were enumerated in fourteen locations within the study area out of which 192 (33.7%) were randomly examined and 4 (2.0

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Ekra, Jean-Yves, Eliakunda Michael Mafie, Henri Sonan, et al. "Trypanocide Use and Molecular Characterization of Trypanosomes Resistant to Diminazene Aceturate in Cattle in Northern Côte D’Ivoire." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, no. 9 (2024): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9090192.

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The resistance of trypanosomes to the doses of trypanocide administered by farmers to their animals acts as a real brake on efforts to control to combat African trypanosomiasis. Thus, in-depth knowledge of the use of these different molecules and their resistance profiles will be necessary to establish an integrated strategy to combat African trypanosomiasis. To achieve these objectives, a participatory survey among farmers and a resistance diagnosis of trypanosome strains identified in three regions of northern Côte d’Ivoire (Bagoué, Poro and Tchologo) was carried out using the PCR-RFLP techn

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Ferreira, Juliana I.G.S., Costa Andréa P. Da, Pablo Henrique Nunes, et al. "New Trypanosoma species, Trypanosoma gennarii sp. nov., from South American marsupial in Brazilian Cerrado." Acta Tropica 176 (June 12, 2017): 249–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13458992.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Hundreds of trypanosome species have been described in all mammalian orders, on every continent, including with mixed infections. Trypanosomes circulate in the form of sylvatic enzootic infections transmitted by bloodsucking insects that are associated with the host mammals. Small wild mammals were caught in a fragment of Cerrado terrain on an island in the hydroelectric reservoir of Três Marias, in the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, using pitfall and Sherman traps with different means of attraction. DNA samples from these mammal

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39

Ferreira, Juliana I.G.S., Costa Andréa P. Da, Pablo Henrique Nunes, et al. "New Trypanosoma species, Trypanosoma gennarii sp. nov., from South American marsupial in Brazilian Cerrado." Acta Tropica 176 (June 7, 2017): 249–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13458992.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Hundreds of trypanosome species have been described in all mammalian orders, on every continent, including with mixed infections. Trypanosomes circulate in the form of sylvatic enzootic infections transmitted by bloodsucking insects that are associated with the host mammals. Small wild mammals were caught in a fragment of Cerrado terrain on an island in the hydroelectric reservoir of Três Marias, in the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, using pitfall and Sherman traps with different means of attraction. DNA samples from these mammal

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40

Ferreira, Juliana I.G.S., Costa Andréa P. Da, Pablo Henrique Nunes, et al. "New Trypanosoma species, Trypanosoma gennarii sp. nov., from South American marsupial in Brazilian Cerrado." Acta Tropica 176 (July 3, 2017): 249–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13458992.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Hundreds of trypanosome species have been described in all mammalian orders, on every continent, including with mixed infections. Trypanosomes circulate in the form of sylvatic enzootic infections transmitted by bloodsucking insects that are associated with the host mammals. Small wild mammals were caught in a fragment of Cerrado terrain on an island in the hydroelectric reservoir of Três Marias, in the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, using pitfall and Sherman traps with different means of attraction. DNA samples from these mammal

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41

Ferreira, Juliana I.G.S., Costa Andréa P. Da, Pablo Henrique Nunes, et al. "New Trypanosoma species, Trypanosoma gennarii sp. nov., from South American marsupial in Brazilian Cerrado." Acta Tropica 176 (July 10, 2017): 249–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13458992.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Hundreds of trypanosome species have been described in all mammalian orders, on every continent, including with mixed infections. Trypanosomes circulate in the form of sylvatic enzootic infections transmitted by bloodsucking insects that are associated with the host mammals. Small wild mammals were caught in a fragment of Cerrado terrain on an island in the hydroelectric reservoir of Três Marias, in the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, using pitfall and Sherman traps with different means of attraction. DNA samples from these mammal

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42

Ferreira, Juliana I.G.S., Costa Andréa P. Da, Pablo Henrique Nunes, et al. "New Trypanosoma species, Trypanosoma gennarii sp. nov., from South American marsupial in Brazilian Cerrado." Acta Tropica 176 (July 17, 2017): 249–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13458992.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Hundreds of trypanosome species have been described in all mammalian orders, on every continent, including with mixed infections. Trypanosomes circulate in the form of sylvatic enzootic infections transmitted by bloodsucking insects that are associated with the host mammals. Small wild mammals were caught in a fragment of Cerrado terrain on an island in the hydroelectric reservoir of Três Marias, in the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, using pitfall and Sherman traps with different means of attraction. DNA samples from these mammal

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43

Johnson, Candice, Yulia Kleshchenko, Vyachslav Furtak, et al. "Trypanosoma cruzi regulates the defensin alpha-1 interactome network and defensin alpha-1 causes trypanosome membrane pore formation to control the early process of infection. (56.30)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (2011): 56.30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.56.30.

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Abstract The interactome networks of innate immune molecules operating in the early process of Trypanosoma cruzi infection of human cells are unknown. Here we show that T. cruzi regulates the defensin alpha-1 interactome network and that human defensin alpha-1 plays a fundamental role in the initiation of cellular responses to T. cruzi. We demonstrate that human epithelial cells respond to early infection by up regulating the expression and secretion of defensin alpha-1, which causes trypanosome membrane pore formation and depolarization to inhibit T. cruzi motility, which prevents cellular in

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Enwezor, F. N. C., T. O. Olanrewaju, R. L. Bizi, et al. "Screening for Pathogenic Trypanosomes in Cattle and Camels Slaughtered at Zango and Kawo Abattoirs, Kaduna State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 44, no. 1 (2023): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v44i1.24.

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African trypanosomosis remains one of the major diseases affecting food security and human healthy living in sub-Saharan Africa. This study screened domesticated animals for the presence of pathogenic trypanosomes in 1,050 slaughtered animals comprising 858 and 100 cattle respectively from Zango and Kawo abattoirs and 92 camels from Zango as Kawo abattoir neither slaughters nor sell camel meat. Both abattoirs are government-owned and located in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The animals examined were sourced from Bauchi, Yobe, Katsina, Kaduna, Kano, and Chad Republic. Blood samples

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Das, Anish, Qing Zhang, Jennifer B. Palenchar, Bithi Chatterjee, George A. M. Cross, and Vivian Bellofatto. "Trypanosomal TBP Functions with the Multisubunit Transcription Factor tSNAP To Direct Spliced-Leader RNA Gene Expression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 16 (2005): 7314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.16.7314-7322.2005.

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ABSTRACT Protein-coding genes of trypanosomes are mainly transcribed polycistronically and cleaved into functional mRNAs in a process that requires trans splicing of a capped 39-nucleotide RNA derived from a short transcript, the spliced-leader (SL) RNA. SL RNA genes are individually transcribed from the only identified trypanosome RNA polymerase II promoter. We have purified and characterized a sequence-specific SL RNA promoter-binding complex, tSNAPc, from the pathogenic parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which induces robust transcriptional activity within the SL RNA gene. Two tSNAPc subunits res

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HUTCHINSON, RACHEL, and JAMIE R. STEVENS. "Barcoding in trypanosomes." Parasitology 145, no. 5 (2017): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017002049.

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SUMMARYTrypanosomes (genus Trypanosoma) are parasites of humans, and wild and domestic mammals, in which they cause several economically and socially important diseases, including sleeping sickness in Africa and Chagas disease in the Americas. Despite the development of numerous molecular diagnostics and increasing awareness of the importance of these neglected parasites, there is currently no universal genetic barcoding marker available for trypanosomes. In this review we provide an overview of the methods used for trypanosome detection and identification, discuss the potential application of

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47

Kanté Tagueu, Sartrien, Oumarou Farikou, Flobert Njiokou, and Gustave Simo. "Prevalence of Sodalis glossinidius and different trypanosome species in Glossina palpalis palpalis caught in the Fontem sleeping sickness focus of the southern Cameroon." Parasite 25 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018044.

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Tsetse flies are the cyclical vector of human and animal African trypanosomiasis. To improve vector control in order to achieve the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and boost the control of animal diseases, investigations have been undertaken on the tripartite association between tsetse, trypanosome, and symbionts. It is in this light that Sodalis glossinidius and different trypanosomes were identified in Glossina palpalis palpalis caught in Fontem in southern Cameroon. For this study, DNA was extracted from whole flies, and S. glossinidius and different trypanosome species w

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Kimenyi, Naomi N., Kelvin M. Kimenyi, Nelson O. Amugune, and Merid N. Getahun. "Genetic connectivity of trypanosomes between tsetse-infested and tsetse-free areas of Kenya." Parasitology 149, no. 3 (2021): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182021001815.

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AbstractThe prevalence rates of trypanosomes, including those that require cyclical transmission by tsetse flies, are widely distributed in Africa. Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense are actively maintained in regions where there are no tsetse flies although at low frequencies. Whether this could be due to an independent evolutionary origin or multiple introduction of trypanosomes due to continuous movement of livestock between tsetse-free and -infested areas is not known. Thus, the aim of the study was to carry out microsatellite genotyping to explore intra-specific genetic diversi

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Linhart, Petr, Hana Banďouchová, Jan Zukal, et al. "Trypanosomes in Eastern and Central European bats." Acta Veterinaria Brno 89, no. 1 (2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202089010069.

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Bats are presumed primary hosts of trypanosomes of the subgenus Schizotrypanum, including the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. As such, research on bat trypanosomes has been focused on South America, where Chagas disease is a serious issue. While the majority of European studies have been performed in the United Kingdom, there is virtually no data available for Eastern and Central parts of Europe. To address this, the present study aims to identify and assess the prevalence and pathogenicity of trypanosomes in bats sampled in the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, and Poland. Blood collected from 381

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Bangs, J. D., L. Uyetake, M. J. Brickman, A. E. Balber, and J. C. Boothroyd. "Molecular cloning and cellular localization of a BiP homologue in Trypanosoma brucei. Divergent ER retention signals in a lower eukaryote." Journal of Cell Science 105, no. 4 (1993): 1101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.105.4.1101.

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Using the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers, three new members of the hsp70 gene family of Trypanosoma brucei have been identified. A genomic clone of one of these, gA, has been fully sequenced and the corresponding gene product has been characterized using antibody to recombinant gA fusion protein. gA is the trypanosomal homologue of BiP, an endoplasmic reticulum resident hsp70 gene family member, based on four lines of evidence: (1) gA protein has 64% deduced amino acid identity with rat BiP; (2) the deduced amino acid sequence has a putative secretory signal peptide; (3) the

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