Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trypanosomiasis in animals

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Academic literature on the topic 'Trypanosomiasis in animals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Trypanosomiasis in animals"

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HOLMES, P. H., E. KATUNGUKA-RWAKISHAYA, J. J. BENNISON, G. J. WASSINK, and J. J. PARKINS. "Impact of nutrition on the pathophysiology of bovine trypanosomiasis." Parasitology 120, no. 7 (May 2000): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099005806.

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Trypanosomiasis is a major veterinary problem over much of sub-Saharan Africa and is frequently associated with undernutrition. There is growing evidence that nutrition can have a profound effect on the pathophysiological features of animal trypanosomiasis. These features include anaemia, pyrexia, body weight changes, reduced feed intake and diminished productivity including reduced draught work output, milk yield and reproductive capacity. Anaemia is a principal characteristic of trypanosomiasis and the rate at which it develops is influenced by both protein and energy intakes. Pyrexia is associated with increased energy demands for maintenance which is ultimately manifested by reductions in voluntary activity levels and productivity. Weight changes in trypanosomiasis are markedly influenced by the levels of protein intake. High intakes allow infected animals to grow at the same rate as uninfected controls providing energy intake is adequate whilst low energy levels can exacerbate the adverse effects of trypanosomiasis on body weight. Reductions in feed intake are less apparent in animals which are provided with high protein diets and where intake is limited by the disease animals will often exhibit preferential selection of higher quality browse. Further studies are required to evaluate the minimum levels of protein and energy supplementation required to ameliorate the adverse effect of trypanosomiasis, the nature and quality of protein supplement to achieve these benefits and the influence these have on digestive physiology.
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Lun, Z. R., Y. Fang, C. J. Wang, and R. Brun. "Trypanosomiasis of domestic animals in China." Parasitology Today 9, no. 2 (February 1993): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(93)90029-f.

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Ross, Carol A. "Chemotherapy for trypanosomiasis." Tropical Animal Health and Production 24, no. 1 (March 1992): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02357231.

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Leeflang, P. "Trypanosomiasis And Animal Production In Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 2, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v2i1.2319.

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TRYPANOSOMIASIS is one of the principal factors restricting growth of the livestock industry in Nigeria and, therefore, is a direct concern of animal scientists who aspire to increase the production of animal protein in this country. The present paper reviews the value of drug treatment of disease animals, destruction of game, clearing of vegetation, and the extermination of the tse-tse flies by insecticides as methods of controlling this disease; it also discusses the contribution of integrated land use, improved standards of nutrition and management, and trypanosome-tolerant cattle to minimize, for the present, the effect of trypanosomiasis on the development of the livestock industry.
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Katabazi, Aziz, Adamu Almustapha Aliero, Sarah Gift Witto, Martin Odoki, and Simon Peter Musinguzi. "Prevalence of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax in Lira District, Uganda." BioMed Research International 2021 (June 14, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7284042.

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Trypanosomes are the causative agents of animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), the former affecting domestic animals prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. The main species causing AAT in cattle are T. congolense, T. vivax, and T. b. brucei. Northern Uganda has been politically unstable with no form of vector control in place. The return of displaced inhabitants led to the restocking of cattle from AAT endemic areas. It was thus important to estimate the burden of trypanosomiasis in the region. This study was designed to compare the prevalence of animal African trypanosomes in cattle in Lira District using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) methods. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 254 cattle from the three villages of Acanakwo A, Barropok, and Acungkena in Lira District, Uganda, were selected by simple random sampling technique and screened for trypanosomiasis using microscopy and PCR methods. The prevalence of trypanosomiasis according to microscopic results was 5/254 (2.0%) as compared to 11/254 (4.3%) trypanosomiasis prevalence according to PCR analysis. The prevalence of trypanosomiasis infection in the animal studied is 11/254 (4.3%). Trypanosoma congolense was the most dominant trypanosome species with a proportion of 9/11 (81.8%), followed by T. vivax 1/11 (9.1%) and mixed infection of T. congolense/T. vivax1/11 (9.1%). Barropok village had the highest prevalence of trypanosomiasis with 6/11 (54.5%). There is a statistically significant relationship ( OR = 6.041 ; 95% CI: 1.634-22.331; p < 0.05 ) between abnormal PCV and trypanosome infection. Polymerase reaction amplification was the most reliable diagnostic method due to its high sensitivity and specificity as compared to the conventional microscopic method. Polymerase reaction amplification appears to have adequate accuracy to substitute the use of a microscope where facilities allow. This study, therefore, underscores the urgent need for local surveillance schemes more especially at the grassroots in Uganda to provide data for reference guideline development needed for the control of trypanosomiasis in Uganda.
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Abdelbaky, Hanan H., Kousuke Umeda, Thu-Thuy Nguyen, Adel E. A. Mohamed, and Ragab M. Fereig. "A review on current knowledge of major zoonotic protozoan diseases affecting farm and pet animals." German Journal of Veterinary Research 1, no. 2 (July 2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2021.2.0021.

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Given the high importance of animal uses for human beings, avoidance of contact with animals is far from straightforward, even if there is a risk of zoonotic diseases. Animal products or byproducts are essential sources of food for humans. Also, there are large numbers of companion animals worldwide which are important for the soundness of mental health for the owners. Understanding of the disease in animals is of paramount importance to control and prevent transmission to humans. Zoonotic protozoan parasites, including malaria, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis, can cause severe infections to humans, and some of them can drastically affect both economy and society. Impacts of such infections are aggravated when asymptomatic animals being in contact with susceptible individuals, including infants, pregnant women or immunocompromised people. Malaria, babesiosis and trypanosomiasis are vector-borne diseases that cause hemolytic anemia and high fever. Toxoplasmosis is a congenitally transmitted infection characterized by abortion and congenital abnormalities in infected persons and animals. Cryptosporidiosis is a highly contagious disease affecting humans and various animal species, and diarrhea is the main clinical form. These infections are globally distributed and affect various demographics. However, awareness of these often neglected diseases in almost all countries and communities is required to protect animals, owners, and customers. Thus, this review is aimed to provide the recent and current knowledge on transmission, epidemiology and control of some protozoan diseases of zoonotic importance.
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Dirie, Mohamed F., Musa A. Wardhere, and Mohamed A. Farah. "Sheep trypanosomiasis in Somalia." Tropical Animal Health and Production 20, no. 1 (March 1988): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02239645.

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Ahmad Rufa’i, Fatihu, Abdullahi Ibrahim Zakari, Atikat Umar, Musayyiba Shuaibu, and Ali Alhaji Sani. "Clinical Signs and Pathogenesis of Trypanosomal Infection in Human and Animals." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2021): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i3.952.

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Trypanosomiasis is a chronic disease which affects both human and animals with high morbidity rate within months after exposure, particularly when poor nutrition or other factors contribute to debilitation. The disease has been a major threat to Human and public health concern and also has contributed negatively to food security in Nigeria. Trypanosomes are haemoflagellated parasites that suppress the host immune system through antigenic variation causing serious illness in man and direct losses in meat production and milk yield in animals leading to severe pathogenesis that result to death . The clinical signs of trypanosomisis have been reported as unnoticed, chronic and acute which can easily lead to death, while the pathogenesis are severe and diverse. A vast majority of human and ruminant animal such as cattle, sheep and goats can be infected without clinical signs. In this paper, we documented some of the major pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis that are leading cause of death and they includes Aneamia, Immunodepression, Immunosuppression, Myocarditis, oedema, loss of conditions, coma as well as infection of various organs and tissues. The paper recommend that further work on pathogenic mechanisms of trypanosomiasis need to be carried out so as to notice the exact clinical sign of the disease which will help towards controlling the disease.
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Wardhana, April Hari, and Dyah H. Savitri. "Surra: Trypanosomiasis in Livestock is Potential as Zoonotic Disease." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 3 (December 12, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i3.1835.

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<em>Trypanosoma evansi</em> is one of blood protozoans having the most wide distribution region compared to other Trypanosome species. The parasite causes trypanosomiasis known as Surra. The disease may cause mortality to the infected animals. In general <em>T evansi</em> only attack animal and cannot infect humans due to apolipoprotein 1 (Apo L-1) in human serum. The protein possess trypanolitic activity feature against <em>T. evansi</em> and effectively eliminates the protozoa. However, the knowledge of Surra infecting animals changed because there were atypical human trypanosomiasis cases reported in some countries due to <em>T. evansi</em>. The human Surra case occurred in Vietnam demonstrated that person with Apo L-1 could be infected by <em>T. evansi</em>. There was resistant strain of <em>T. evansi</em> found which able to disrupt human immune system. This paper will discuss Surra cases in both humans and animals, including mechanism of Apo L-1 on eliminating the parasite. Surra cases in human and animal should be seriously concerned because Surra could be pontential zoonosis threating human health.
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NANTULYA, V. M. "Trypanosomiasis in domestic animals : the problem of diagnosis." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 9, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.9.2.507.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trypanosomiasis in animals"

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Smuts, Celia Margaretha. "Development of tools to improve the detection of Trypanoma evansi in Australia /." Murdoch University Digital Theses Program, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090709.113425.

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Tchamo, Cesaltina da Conceicao Lopes Menete. "Evaluation of the pathogenicity in goats of Trypanosoma congolense from Matutuine, Mozambique." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04212008-143822/.

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Schaten, Kathrin Maria. "One Health approach to measure the impact on wellbeing of selected infectious diseases in humans and animals in Zambia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33198.

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This study describes the results of a cross-sectional survey conducted in Mambwe district in the Eastern Province in Zambia. It uses a One Health approach to assess the impact of veterinary, medical, environmental and social determinants on animal and human health and wellbeing. One Health is defined as a holistic and interdisciplinary approach that describes the complexities between people, animals, the environment and their health. Human wellbeing is defined in this thesis as 'a condition in which all members of society are able to determine and meet their needs and have a large range of choices to meet their potential' (Prescott-Allen, 2001). As a first step, eight focus group discussions with the inhabitants followed by key informant interviews with stakeholders in the area were conducted to give a primary impression and narrow down the problems in relation to animal and human health of the area in general. Following this, a randomized selection of 210 households was visited and in each household blood samples were taken from all humans and all animals belonging to five animal species, namely cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and dogs. A third of the households did not keep any of the animal species chosen for sampling, but their inclusion was important for the social analysis. In all of these 210 households a wellbeing questionnaire was administered and, for every human and animal sampled, a health questionnaire. The study area falls within the tsetse-infested region of Zambia. It has a high wildlife density reflecting the proximity of several national parks and is historically endemic for both human and animal African trypanosomiasis (HAT&AAT). Therefore humans and animals were tested for trypanosomiasis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Since it is important as a differential diagnosis, malaria was tested for by a rapid diagnostic test in the field from human blood. Sera from mature individuals from all animal species except pigs were tested in a field laboratory for brucellosis using the Rose Bengal test. Additionally, cattle and dogs were tested for five genera of tick-borne infections (TBI) including Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Theileria, Babesia and Rickettsia using reverse line blot (RLB) in the laboratory at the University of Edinburgh (UoE). The blood samples for PCR and RLB analysis at UoE were stored on WhatmanTM FTA cards. A total of 1012 human samples were tested for HAT and none found positive. 1005 (seven people had been tested positive or treated against malaria shortly before the sampling) people tested for malaria showed an overall prevalence of 15% (95% CI 13.2-17.7). None of the 734 Rose Bengal tests showed up positive for brucellosis. The prevalence of AAT in 1275 samples tested was much lower compared to former samplings; in cattle 22% (95% CI 18-27.2), in goats 7% (95% CI 4.5-9.2), in pigs 6% (95% CI 3.2-9.4), in dogs 9% (95% CI 5.2-13.6) and no samples were found positive in sheep. The prevalence of TBIs is much more complex with many multiple infections. A total of 340 cattle and 195 dogs were tested. In cattle the number of samples positive for any microorganism was as follows; 92% (95% CI 88- 94.2). Overall there were fewer positive samples from dogs with 25% of animals infected (95% CI 19.2-31.8). The wellbeing and health questionnaires were designed to help to identify possible risk factors for the above-mentioned diseases and signs, such as fever, diarrhoea and seizures, indicative for several other diseases. The results of these surveys might also help to identify potential reasons for a lower or higher prevalence of trypanosomiasis and malaria found than expected from previous studies. Additionally, information on personal happiness, attitudes towards veterinary and medical services, medical treatments received, education, women's reproductive history, drug abuse, people's perceptions of changes in environment and agriculture, demography, poverty and migration were collected via the questionnaires alongside information on livestock demographics and fertility. One of the main conclusions is that both medical and veterinary health care systems suffer from a number of shortcomings. The distance to appropriate treatment and care facilities is far and the necessary drugs are often unavailable. Also, both the knowledge and technology for diagnosing selected diseases is not in place. This study suggests that neurocysticercosis (NCC) plays an important role in this area due to the high number of seizures reported in people, in whom treatment for epilepsy was unsuccessful. Samples taken from a few pigs indicated the presence of Taenia solium, the causal agent of NCC. Furthermore, many of the TBIs are of zoonotic nature and further investigations must be made to begin to assess the burden of these diseases in humans and animals. Environmental changes such as degradation of the vegetation are likely to have an influence on the prevalence of studied diseases and this aspect is being investigated further in other studies. Due to the nature of a cross-sectional study, only limited conclusions can be drawn on the causal relationships of disease prevalence, but the social analysis conducted in this study confirmed the interactions of selected factors related to health and wealth unique for this study area.
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Viol, Milena Araúz [UNESP]. "Detecção de reações cruzadas por Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma spp. em cães pelo ensaio imunoenzimático indireto, pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta e reação em cadeia de polimerase." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94717.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:16:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 viol_ma_me_araca.pdf: 293015 bytes, checksum: bdc10c5bc3d8d20c951f2fc3b6dc7f4e (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar reações cruzadas por Leishmania spp. e Trypanossoma cruzi pelo Ensaio Imunoenzimático Indireto (ELISA), pela Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Assim, foram colhidas 408 amostras sanguíneas de cães domiciliados no município de Araçatuba,SP, de ambos os sexos, de diversas raças e com idade a partir de seis meses. Em relação à Leishmania spp., pela RIFI, 14,95 % (61/408) foram reagentes. A positividade por meio do ELISA, foi de 20,10% (82/408) e pela PCR, 29,66% (121/408), com diferença significativa para o sexo e a idade destes animais (p<0,05). Para Trypanosoma spp., a ocorrência de anticorpos pelo ELISA foi de 10,54% (43/408) e pela PCR, 2,45% (10/408) cães foram positivos. Pela RIFI, 10,29% (42/408) dos animais foram considerados positivos e somente o sexo apresentou diferença significativa (p<0,05). Neste trabalho, constatou-se que 10,54%(43/408) dos animais foram soropositivos por ELISA para Trypanosoma spp., sendo que 79,07%(34/43) obtiveram resultados positivos no diagnóstico molecular para Leishmania spp. e dos 10,29% (42/408) positivos por RIFI, 95,24% (40/42) dos cães confirmaram a infecção por este parasita. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, pode-se inferir que foram evidenciadas reações cruzadas nos ensaios sorológicos para ambos os protozoários, nos animais analisados neste trabalho
The aim of this study was to detect cross-infection by Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp. by indirect immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFA) and by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Thus, blood samples were collected from 408 domestic dogs of both sexes, different races and ages from six months. For Leishmania spp. by IFA, 14.95% (61/408) were positive. Positive by ELISA, was 20.10% (82/408), and PCR 29.66% (121/408), with significant difference for sex and age of animals (p <0.05). For Trypanosoma spp., the occurrence of antibodies by ELISA, was 10.54% (43/408), and PCR, 2.45% (10/408) dogs were positive. By IFA, 10.29% (42/408) of the animals were considered positive and only sex was significant difference (p <0.05). In this work it was found that 10.54% (43/408) animals were seropositive by ELISA for Trypanosoma spp., 79.07% (34/43) had positive results in molecular diagnostic for Leishmania spp. and 10.29% (42/408) positive by IFA, 95.24% (40/42) dogs confirmed the infection by this parasite. Through the results obtained can be inferred that cross-infection were observed by both protozoa in animals of this paper
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Viol, Milena Araúz. "Detecção de reações cruzadas por Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma spp. em cães pelo ensaio imunoenzimático indireto, pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta e reação em cadeia de polimerase /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94717.

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Orientador: Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Banca: Renato Andreotti e Silva
Banca: Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar reações cruzadas por Leishmania spp. e Trypanossoma cruzi pelo Ensaio Imunoenzimático Indireto (ELISA), pela Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Assim, foram colhidas 408 amostras sanguíneas de cães domiciliados no município de Araçatuba,SP, de ambos os sexos, de diversas raças e com idade a partir de seis meses. Em relação à Leishmania spp., pela RIFI, 14,95 % (61/408) foram reagentes. A positividade por meio do ELISA, foi de 20,10% (82/408) e pela PCR, 29,66% (121/408), com diferença significativa para o sexo e a idade destes animais (p<0,05). Para Trypanosoma spp., a ocorrência de anticorpos pelo ELISA foi de 10,54% (43/408) e pela PCR, 2,45% (10/408) cães foram positivos. Pela RIFI, 10,29% (42/408) dos animais foram considerados positivos e somente o sexo apresentou diferença significativa (p<0,05). Neste trabalho, constatou-se que 10,54%(43/408) dos animais foram soropositivos por ELISA para Trypanosoma spp., sendo que 79,07%(34/43) obtiveram resultados positivos no diagnóstico molecular para Leishmania spp. e dos 10,29% (42/408) positivos por RIFI, 95,24% (40/42) dos cães confirmaram a infecção por este parasita. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, pode-se inferir que foram evidenciadas reações cruzadas nos ensaios sorológicos para ambos os protozoários, nos animais analisados neste trabalho
Abstract: The aim of this study was to detect cross-infection by Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp. by indirect immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFA) and by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Thus, blood samples were collected from 408 domestic dogs of both sexes, different races and ages from six months. For Leishmania spp. by IFA, 14.95% (61/408) were positive. Positive by ELISA, was 20.10% (82/408), and PCR 29.66% (121/408), with significant difference for sex and age of animals (p <0.05). For Trypanosoma spp., the occurrence of antibodies by ELISA, was 10.54% (43/408), and PCR, 2.45% (10/408) dogs were positive. By IFA, 10.29% (42/408) of the animals were considered positive and only sex was significant difference (p <0.05). In this work it was found that 10.54% (43/408) animals were seropositive by ELISA for Trypanosoma spp., 79.07% (34/43) had positive results in molecular diagnostic for Leishmania spp. and 10.29% (42/408) positive by IFA, 95.24% (40/42) dogs confirmed the infection by this parasite. Through the results obtained can be inferred that cross-infection were observed by both protozoa in animals of this paper
Mestre
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Hoste, Christian. "Elevage et trypanosomiase animale africaine." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605971k.

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Mjihdi, Abdelkarim. "Capacité de reproduction de la souris et infection aiguë par Trypanosoma cruzi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211065.

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Trypanosoma cruzi est un parasite protozoaire à multiplication intracellulaire, agent de la maladie de Chagas, infectant 16 à 18 millions de personnes en Amérique latine. Il peut être transmis de la mère infectée au fœtus dans 2 à 10 % des cas, mais ses autres effets sur la gestation ont été peu étudiés. Par ailleurs, les cytokines ont des effets sur la gestation. Certaines d’entre elles, comme l’interleukine-1, l’IL-4, l’IL-5, l’IL-10, le GM-CSF et le TGF-b2, sont bénéfiques pour la gestation, tandis que d’autres, comme l’IL-2, l’IL-12, l’IFN-g et le TNF-a ont des effets nocifs sur celle-ci. L’impact de l’infection à T. cruzi, stimulant la production de TNF-a et d’IFN-g, sur l'implantation et la croissance fœtale n’a pas été étudié.

Le but de notre travail était d’étudier les effets de l’infection aiguë à T. cruzi sur la capacité de reproduction de la souris. Nous avons ainsi évalué les effets de cette infection sur la fertilité, le développement et la viabilité des fœtus de souris et le rôle de l’IFN-g et du TNF produits au cours de l’infection sur le développement de la gestation.

Nous avons montré que l’infection aiguë à T. cruzi :i) diminue la capacité de reproduction de la souris ;ii) provoque une mortalité fœtale massive précoce (résorptions), tardive et néonatale associée à un retard de croissance intra-utérin, et ce, iii) en dehors de toute transmission congénitale du parasite.

Par ailleurs nos travaux montrent que la mortalité fœtale/néonatale est associée à une invasion parasitaire massive du placenta qui présente d’importantes lésions à type d’infiltrats inflammatoires, de nécrose ischémique, de dépôts de fibrine et de thromboses vasculaires. Nous avons noté qu’il existe une relation inverse entre la charge parasitaire des unités utéro-placentaires et la viabilité du conceptus, suggérant que ces lésions placentaires contribuent à la mortalité fœtale en limitant les échanges materno-fœtaux.

Enfin, nous avons également étudié le rôle de cytokines abortogènes comme le TNF et l’IFN-g, produites abondamment pendant l’infection aiguë de la souris par T. cruzi. Les taux sanguins maternels d’IFN-g étaient augmentés au 9ième mais pas aux 17ième et 19ième jours de gestation, alors que les taux de TNF sanguin et la production placentaire de cette cytokine augmentaient aux 17ième et 19ième jours de gestation. Afin d’évaluer le rôle de ces deux cytokines dans la mortalité fœtale, des souris ont été traitées par la pentoxifylline, pour inhiber la transcription du gène de TNF-a et diminuer la production d’IFN-g. Ces souris montraient une réduction de la mortalité fœtale à mi-gestation, associée à une diminution de la production du TNF placentaire, sans modifications des taux systémiques et sans effets sur l’IFN-g, suggérant la contribution du TNF dans la mortalité fœtale associée à l’infection aiguë par T. cruzi.

En conclusion, notre travail montre que l’infection aiguë à Trypanosoma cruzi exerce un effet particulièrement néfaste sur la capacité de reproduction et le développement de la gestation chez la souris et que les lésions placentaires liées à l’infection et la production de TNF par le placenta infecté contribuent à cet effet.


Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Amadou, Ibrahim Ahamed. "Economics of animal trypanosomiasis control in the Adamawa Plateau, Cameroon." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319241.

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Guegan, Fabien. "Caractérisation des sialidases chez le parasite Trypanosoma vivax : rôle dans l’anémie." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21775/document.

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La trypanosomiase animale africaine (TAA) est une pathologie qui sévit en Afrique sub-saharienne et qui représente un obstacle majeur à l’élevage du bétail et à la production agricole. Cette pathologie est causée principalement par les parasites T. congolense et T. vivax. Elle affecte le bétail, les animaux domestiques et sauvages, sur un territoire de 10 millions de km2 où ces animaux cohabitent avec l’insecte vecteur, la mouche Tsé-Tsé. L’infection du bétail par ces parasites provoque une anémie sévère pouvant entraîner la mort de l’animal. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’étude des mécanismes impliqués dans le développement de l’anémie lors de l’infection de l’animal par T. vivax. Pour cela, nous avons développé un modèle murin d’infection par T. vivax. Nous avons démontré que l’infection à T. vivax induit d’importantes modifications des acides sialiques présents à la surface des érythrocytes. De plus, nous avons établi un système expérimental « ex-vivo » qui nous a permis de montrer que l’anémie observée au cours de l’infection était dépendante du mécanisme d’érythrophagocytose. Les modifications en acides sialiques des érythrocytes constitueraient un signal de reconnaissance des érythrocytes par les cellules phagocytaires de l’hôte. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis au point des conditions de culture in vitro pour tous les stades parasitaires de T. vivax et T. congolense afin de développer des outils de génomique fonctionnelle. Ces avancées nous ont notamment permis d’identifier des enzymes de type sialidase et trans-sialidase et de détecter les activités enzymatiques correspondantes dans les formes infectieuses de ces parasites. Nous avons exprimé des trans-sialidases recombinantes et démontré qu’elles étaient capables de reproduire in vitro certaines des caractéristiques pathologiques définies in vivo : modifications en acides sialiques des érythrocytes et augmentation de l’érythrophagocytose. Par conséquent, ces travaux ont permis pour la première fois de mettre en évidence un lien entre l’expression des sialidases et trans-sialidases chez le parasite T. vivax et le développement de l’anémie au cours de la TAA
African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a parasitic disease occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. It impairs livestock development and agricultural production. This disease is mainly caused by T. congolense and T. vivax parasites and is present in livestock, domestic and wild animals, covering an area of over a 10 millions km2, that is known as the Tsé-Tsé fly belt. These infections cause severe anaemia leading to animal death in most cases. In this context, we were interested in unravelling the mechanisms responsible for anaemia caused by T. vivax infection. We developed a murine model for T. vivax infection and our data pointed out important sialic acid modifications of the mouse erythrocyte surface during infection. Additionally, an ex-vivo experimental model was established which proved that anaemia associated with infection depends on erythrophagocytosis. Consequently, we propose that sialic acid modifications associated with infection are involved in the erythrophagocytosis mechanism. Furthermore, in order to develop genetic tools we established in vitro culture conditions for all parasite forms of T. vivax and T. congolense. Parasite cultivation allowed the detection of sialidase and trans-sialidase activity and identifies the presence and function of these proteins in the mammalian form of the parasite. Moreover, trans-sialidase recombinant proteins reproduced some of the T. vivax infection characteristics such as sialic acid modification and increased erythrophagocytosis. Consequently, this work provides the first evidence that links the expression of sialidases and trans-sialidases in T. vivax with the development of anemia during AAT
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10

Olaniyan, Oluwashola. "Vectors and transmission routes of animal trypanosomiasis on the Jos Plateau north central Nigeria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23398.

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Tsetse flies, Glossina species, are the biological vectors of Trypanosoma species which cause animal African trypanosomiases (AAT) in livestock (especially cattle) in sub-Saharan Africa. This disease is often fatal without treatment and negatively impacts on rural, agricultural and economic development. On the Jos Plateau, north central Nigeria, AAT was historically of little significance due to the presumed absence of tsetse and Fulani pastoralists were encouraged to settle there. But over the last 30 years, the disease has become widespread and highly prevalent in the area. This has been attributed to the expansion of tsetse on the plateau, frequent migrations of cattle to areas with higher tsetse densities and the presence of other biting flies which serve as mechanical vectors. In the current study, the presence and abundance of tsetse was determined in selected villages using biconical tsetse trap surveys. The low number of flies trapped suggests that tsetse expansion has been very limited within the plateau but the fact that trypanosome DNA was present in over half of these flies implicates them in AAT transmission. The migration of a herd of cattle was also tracked and during the period, blood samples were collected from the cattle and examined for trypanosomes using molecular techniques. Despite prophylactic treatment and deltamethrin sprays, results showed that a significant proportion of the animals (52%) had become infected with T. vivax over the migration period. Tsetse flies (G. palpalis) were also slightly more abundant in some of parts of the migration area. Potential mechanical vectors (Stomoxys spp. and Tabanidae) were trapped and results obtained from the examination of their mouthparts for trypanosomes indicate their involvement in transmission. However, it is difficult to make any definite conclusions about their overall contribution which is thought to be minimal and more studies are needed to clarify their significance. It is concluded that trypanosomiasis risk from tsetse on the Jos Plateau is currently low and seasonal migration appears to be the main driver of AAT transmission by exposing cattle to more tsetse for longer periods. Other biting flies may play a limited role which remains undetermined. Continued monitoring of cattle and tsetse across the plateau over the next few years is important and the careful use of trypanocides and insecticide treated cattle is recommended as an appropriate control strategy.
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Books on the topic "Trypanosomiasis in animals"

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1943-, Maudlin Ian, Holmes P. H, and Miles Michael A, eds. The trypanosomiases. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CABI Pub., 2004.

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Swallow, Brent M. Impacts of trypanosomiasis on African agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2000.

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P, Boyt W., ed. A field guide for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of African animal trypanosomosis. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1998.

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Institute, Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research. Strategic plan for KETRI: 1989-2000. Kikuyu, Kenya: KETRI, 1989.

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Institute, Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research. Strategic plan for KETRI: 1990-2000. Kikuyu, Kenya: KETRI, 1991.

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Desta, Abeba. Trypanosomiasis and tsetse flies (1907-1979) =: Les trypanosomiases et les glossines (1907-1979). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Documentation Centre, International Livestock Centre for Africa, 1988.

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Institute, Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research. Proceedings of the third KETRI internal review: 6th-10th June 1994. Edited by Omuse John K, Ndungu Joseph, and Alusi P. M. Kikuyu, Kenya: KETRI, 1995.

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Affognon, Hippolyte. Étude des politiques relatives aux stratégies de gestion de la chimiorésistance dans le cadre de la lutte contre la trypanosomose en Afrique de l'ouest: Cas du Mali : gestion de la chimiorésistance dans le cadre de la lutte intégrée contre la trypanosomose dans la zone contonnière de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Nairobi: International Livestock Research Institute, 2009.

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Allsopp, Reginald. Integrated chemical control of tsetse flies (Glossina spp) in western Zimbabwe, 1984-1985. [Harare]: Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Branch, Dept. of Veterinary Services, Zimbabwe, 1986.

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International Workshop on Population Genetics and Control of Triatominae (4th 2000 Cartagena, Colombia). Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Population Genetics and Control of Triatominae =: Cuarto Taller Internacional sobre Genética Poblacional y Control de Triatomineos : ECLAT 4 : Punta Iguana, Cartagena, Colombia, 16-18 August 2000. Edited by Guhl Felipe, Schofield C. J, and Universidad de los Andes (Bogota, Colombia). Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical. Bogotá, Colombia: CIMPAT, Universidad de los Andes, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trypanosomiasis in animals"

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Black, Samuel J. "Control of pathogenesis in African animal trypanosomiasis: a search for answers at ILRAD, ILCA and ILRI, 1975-2018." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 103–47. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0103.

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Abstract This book chapter describes the management of animal trypanosomiasis: (i) vector control/eradication; (ii) use of trypanocides; and (iii) use of trypanotolerant breeds of cattle. Vector control includes reducing the tsetse fly population with traps and insecticides, and in areas with a high population of trypanosome infected tsetse, animals are prophylactically administered antiparasitic drugs. To date, there is no AAT vaccine available, as discussed below. While disappointing with respect to AAT control, studies of AAT pathogenesis at ILRAD/ILRI did identify the definitive question for immunological research on AAT, namely, how do trypanosomes eliminate TD antibody responses in trypanosomiasis-susceptible mammals? In addition, the work at ILRI on the genetic basis of trypanotolerance contributed a high-density singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map of the bovine genome that has intrinsic value for analysis of QTLs that control other traits, including susceptibility to other diseases.
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Stich, August. "Human African Trypanosomiasis: The Smoldering Scourge of Africa." In Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals, 785–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9457-2_31.

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Kuttler, Kenneth L., and Julius P. Kreier. "Hemoprotozoan Infections of Domestic Animals: Trypanosomiasis, Babesiosis, Theileriosis, and Anaplasmosis." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 171–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_8.

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Namangala, Boniface, and Steven Odongo. "Animal African Trypanosomosis in Sub-Saharan Africa and Beyond African Borders." In Trypanosomes and Trypanosomiasis, 239–60. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1556-5_10.

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Welburn, Susan C., and Paul Coleman. "Human and animal African trypanosomiasis." In One Health: the theory and practice of integrated health approaches, 263–82. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242577.0263.

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Perry, Brian, Bernard Bett, Eric Fèvre, Delia Grace, and Thomas Fitz Randolph. "Veterinary epidemiology at ILRAD and ILRI, 1987-2018." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 208–38. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0208.

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Abstract This chapter describes the activities of the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and its predecessor, the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (ILRAD) from 1987 to 2018. Topics include scientific impacts; economic impact assessment; developmental impacts; capacity development; partnerships; impacts on human resources capacity in veterinary epidemiology; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries; impacts on ILRI's research and strategy; the introduction of veterinary epidemiology and economics at ILRAD; field studies in Kenya; tick-borne disease dynamics in eastern and southern Africa; heartwater studies in Zimbabwe; economic impact assessments of tick-borne diseases; tick and tick-borne disease distribution modelling; modelling the infection dynamics of vector-borne diseases; economic impact of trypanosomiasis; the epidemiology of resistance to trypanocides; the development of a modelling technique for evaluating control options; sustainable trypanosomiasis control in Uganda and in the Ghibe Valley of Ethiopia; spatial modelling of tsetse distributions; preventing and containing trypanocide resistance in the cotton zone of West Africa; rabies research; the economic impacts of rinderpest control; applying economic impact assessment tools to foot and mouth disease (FMD) control, the southern Africa FMD economic impact study; economic impacts of FMD in Peru, Colombia and India; economic impacts of FMD control in endemic settings in low- and middle-income countries; the global FMD research alliance (GFRA); Rift Valley fever; economic impact assessment of control options and calculation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); RVF risk maps for eastern Africa; land-use change and RVF infection and disease dynamics; epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites; priorities in animal health research for poverty reduction; the Wellcome Trust Epidemiology Initiatives; the broader economic impact contributions; the responses to highly pathogenic avian influenza; the International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE) experience, the role of epidemiology in ILRAD and ILRI and the impacts of ILRAD and ILRI's epidemiology; capacity development in veterinary epidemiology and impact assessment; impacts on national animal health departments and services; impacts on animal health constraints in developing countries and impacts on ILRI's research and strategy.
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Grace, Delia, Ekta Patel, and Thomas Fitz Randolph. "Tsetse and trypanosomiasis control in West Africa, Uganda and Ethiopia: ILRI's role in the field." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 148–63. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0148.

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Abstract This book chapter was to tackle the mission of International Laboratory for Research on Animal Disease (ILRAD): discuss AAT and East Coast fever. As a result, a large body of research on AAT was conducted over 30 years: genetics, breeding and immunology research. This chapter reviews the earlier field work of ILRAD followed by that of International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) after 1994 in East and West Africa, including the engagement of those institutions with regional and global initiatives. Looking to the future, AAT is likely to remain a priority constraint for African livestock. We now have approaches that are highly effective at reducing the impact of AAT, either singly or in combination. We also understand better the challenges of adoption of even economically attractive strategies and how the changing dynamics of AAT may lead to future opportunities for optimized control.
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"Trypanosomiasis, Animals." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 2949. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_3306.

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Gamba, Daniel O., Pamela Akinyi Olet, Monicah W. Maichomo, Sylvia Muthama Korir, and Isaiah Ndaburu Kiteto. "Role of Kenya Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council (KENTTEC) in Control of African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT)/Nagana." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 73–94. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6433-2.ch004.

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The role of the Kenya Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council (KENTTEC) in the control of animal trypanosomiasis is premised on the fact that a large proportion of animal trypanosomiasis in Kenya is tsetse transmitted. Tsetse distribution in Kenya is characterized by eight discontinuous belts defined by topographical, environmental and land-use. KENTTEC's strategy for control of African animal trypanosomiasis is based on use of community-based organizations for spraying of livestock, control of the vector using various devices such as targets and traps, and development of strategies and policies for use of land after the intervention. The council has developed linkage with research institutions for adaptive and operational research. The council has initiated the development of national atlas by mapping tsetse and animal trypanosomiasis distribution in collaboration with stakeholders at the national, regional, and international levels.
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Wamwiri, Florence Njeri, and Joanna Eseri Auma. "Overview of the Vectors and Their Role in Transmission of African Animal Trypanosomiasis." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 53–72. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6433-2.ch003.

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African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a major constraint to livestock productivity, particularly in cattle and in camels. This chapter covers some general aspects of the arthropod vectors of animal trypanosomiasis, the tsetse flies Glossina spp., and to a lesser extent the biting flies. This chapter covers the classification, morphology, basic biology, and the eco-distribution of tsetse flies. The role of tsetse flies in disease epidemiology has also been reviewed. The elementary biology of these vectors is quite well known and elucidated. However, with advances in molecular and other biological techniques, new insights related to tsetse biology have been obtained. This chapter will revisit these basics and include some updated information emanating from research done in the recent past. The final part of the chapter is devoted to a brief discussion on biting flies, the vectors of T. evansi, which causes camel trypanosomiasis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Trypanosomiasis in animals"

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W. Bradosty, Sarwan, Ahmad K. Maigari, Nasir T. Dabo, and Salisu Ibrahim. "Application of Body Condition Scorings to Effective Detection of African Trypanosomiasis in Camels and Cattle." In 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2022/paper.709.

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Trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease that is transmitted by tsetse flies. However, because of the limitation of conventional parasitological methods, conclusive epidemiological inferences on trypanosomiasis is challenging, leaving a high proportions of the disease to remain undetected which leads to difficulty in monitoring and strategic control. The present study therefore, employed the use of molecular methods to detect trypanosomes in trade camels and cattle, along line analysis of their body condition scores (BCS). Results of the study indicated that, all the infected camels and majority of the infected cattle had poor BCS. The average packed cell volume (PCV) of infected animals was lower than the average PCV of uninfected animals. Findings from this study revealed an infection rate of 48.75% with the most frequently encountered species being Trypanosoma vivax (18.75%), followed by T. brucei (12.50%), T. congolense (8.75%), T. evansi (6.25%) and mixed infection involving T. brucei and T. congolense (2.50%). Conclusively, animals with poor BCS are more susceptible suggesting that, the use of BCS may improve the quality of evaluation of trypanosomiasis in animals, especially for large scale epidemiological study.
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"Targeting peroxisomal transport in trypanosoma." In 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2022/paper.566.

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Human infection with Trypanosoma parasites (Chagas disease and Human African Trypanosomiasis) affects around 10 million people worldwide resulting in life-threatening disease. Treatment options are limited to historic drugs characterized by significant side effects and decreasing efficacy while new drug development efforts are largely neglected. Here, we review drug discovery effort in human trypanosomiasis undertaken in academia. Peroxisomal (Pex) transport system was validated as a target in Chagas disease and a number of compounds were delivered which have shown promising results in animal experiments. Future perspectives of exploring the Pex system in anti-trypanosoma drug development are discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Trypanosomiasis in animals"

1

Clarkson, Allen B., and Jr. Development of a New Chemotherapy for Human African Trypanosomiasis by Using an Animal Model: Suramin with DL-Alpha-Difluoromethylornithine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237231.

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