Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trypanosomose'
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Morlais, Isabelle. "Identification des trypanosomes chez les glossines en zones endémiques de trypanosomose humaine au Cameroun." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20085.
Full textAyed, Zoulikha. "Trypanosome humaine africaine : détection d'autoanticorps anti-neurofilaments et anti-tubulines : essai d'immunisation contre la trypanosomose expérimentale." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO117G.
Full textHamidou, Soumana Illiassou. "La Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine (maladie du sommeil) : caractérisation de gènes impliqués dans les interactions symbiontes - glossines - trypanosomes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20182.
Full textTsetse flies are the vectors of African trypanosomes, the causative agents of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)in sub-saharan Africa. New sleeping sickness control strategies plan to use tsetse gut symbionts to increase tsetse flies refractoriness to trypanosomes infection. Such approaches require good knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of interactions between symbionts, tsetse fly and trypanosome. This thesis aimed to i) assess the evolution of Glossina palpalis gambiensis symbionts (Wigglesworthia glossinidia and Sodalis glossinidius) densities throughout the host fly development cycle and ii) to characterize genes of Sodalis, G. p. gambiensis and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in interaction, which are differentially expressed during the infection. We showed that both symbionts are present in all tsetse fly development stages, allowing their use in the context of vector control. Subsequently, experimental infections were performed on colonies flies. G. p. gambiensis female flies were fed on T. b. gambiense hosting mice. Transcriptome of infected flies and flies that have cleared trypanosome they ingested were analysed. This allow us identifying genes of Sodalis, G. p. gambiensis and T. b. gambiense differentially expressed at the infection key stages. Our results highlight the complexity of interactions between Sodalis, G. p. gambiensis, T. b. gambiense and underline the involvement of bacteriophages hosted by S. glossinidius in tsetse fly refractoriness to trypanosome infection. Key words: sleeping sickness; tsetse fly; trypanosome; symbionts; vector competence; gene expression
Dauchy, Frédéric-Antoine. "Immunopathologie et approche thérapeutique dans la Trypanosomose Africaine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0390/document.
Full textTrypanosoma brucei gambiense, an extracellular eukaryotic flagellate parasite, is the main causative agent of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness. Trypanosomes have developped efficient mechanisms to escape the host immune response. New therapeutic options are needed for patients with HAT. Sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) is a potential drug target but its essentiality has not been studied in T. brucei. In a first study, we demonstrated its essentiality by RNA interference (CYP51RNAi) in vitro. CYP51RNAi induction caused morphological defects with multiflagellated cells, suggesting cytokinesis dysfunction. Additionally, the survival of CYP51RNAi infected-mice was improved, showing CYP51 RNAi effect on trypanosomal virulence. During infection with virulent strains, posaconazole-eflornithine and nifurtimox-eflornithine combinations showed similar improvement in mice survival. Thus, our results provide support for a CYP51 targeting based treatment in HAT. In a second work, we studied the innate host immune system characteristics in trypanosomiasis, as a severe immune dysregulation is present in HAT. To analyse the potential immunomodulatory activity of T. gambiense in human settings, we assess the effect of its secretome on dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro, using human monocyte-derived DCs. A significant inhibition of the LPS-induced maturation of DCs was observed with secretome. In line with this impairment, secretome down regulated cytokines production by LPS-activated DCs. TbKHC1, a kinesin heavy chain, is a component of the parasite secretome. We confirmed its role in parasitic escape to immune system by inducing arginase activity, in a murine model. Our results provide new information about the immune system characteristics during trypanosomiasis, which may help to uncover new therapeutic approachs in HAT
Ngo, Nonga Sylvie. "Une nouvelle thérapeutique de la trypanosomose africaine humaine : l'éflornithine." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P053.
Full textChevrier, Céline. "Approche physiopathologique et chronobiologique de la trypanosomose Africaine expérimentale." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10087.
Full textPervieux, Lynda. "Apports diagnostiques au cours de la trypanosomose humaine africaine." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a14d2c70-f65d-4ce4-a3e9-eda1e17e4617/blobholder:0/2008LIMO310D.pdf.
Full textHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease due to trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma brucei (T. B. ) group. These parasites are transmitted by the bite of a tse-tse fly. HAT represents a real public health problem in Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. Two stages are classically described in disease progression, the heamo-lymphatic stage and the nervous stage. Diagnosis and stage determination, which are crucial to determine treatment, remain difficult. Frequently used criteria are not very sensitive or very specific and require a lumbar puncture to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The objective of our PhD was to identify new approaches diagnostic to determine disease stage. For that, we studied various subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes, and the cytokines/chemokines controlling them. We initially characterized the regulatory T cells CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (nTregs), in Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice. NTregs increased in the thymus until 120 days post infection and decreased at 240 days. This may be due to a mechanism blocking nTreg maturation in the thymus, or their exit from the thymus. In contrast, in mesenteric lymph nodes, a nTregs constantly decreased was found during infection. These results suggest that the variation in their number was due to the progression of the infection, but was also age-dependent. Our study identified the lymphocytes present in the blood and CSF of HAT infected patients. In blood, regardless of the HAT stage, the proportion of B cells (CD19) increased whereas the number of T cells decreased, thus confirming the immunosuppressive character of the disease. In the CSF, the increased number of CD19 cells observed for stage 2 patients could constitute a new criterion of the nervous stage. Furthermore, we tried to understand by which mechanisms lymphocytes were attracted into the central nervous system by measurement of different cytokines/chemokines levels in serum and CSF. In serum, cytokines/chemokines levels were only associated with the presence of trypanosomes in CSF. In CSF, their expression was associated with the presence of neurological signs, suggesting a possible use for diagnosis of the nervous stage. Finally, we showed that T. B. Gambiense activated CXCL-13 expression in microglial and endothelial cell lines, suggesting a direct role of trypanosomes in regulation. Our studies on lymphocytes and cytokines/chemokines implicated highlights the necessity of their evaluation as stage markers by multicentric studies in the field
Dia, Mamadou Lamine. "Epidémiologie de la trypanosomose cameline à Tryapanosoma evansi en Mauritanie." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T018.
Full textAmrouni, Donia. "Monoxyde d'azote (NO) et trypanosomose africaine expérimentale chez le rat." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10129.
Full textBy way of an experimental model of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT or sleeping sickness), the rat infected by Trypanosoma brucei brucei, we examined the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of this pathology. In the infected animals, opposite variations in NO concentration were observedeither at peripheral or brain compartments: NO decreases in blood but increases in brain. These changes are dependent on the activity of the inducible NO-synthase (iNOS). In periphery, the decrease observed in NO concentration favors the parasite entrance because the trypanocidal pressure exerted by NO is decreased. In such a situation, L-arginine, the substrate conducing to the synthesis of NO, is employed for the synthesis of polyamines, a category of compounds necessary for the parasite growth. It is likely that above mechanisms might be triggered by parasites. In brain, NO synthesis is submitted to additive complex regulatory processes implying arginase and NG, NG-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). While the arginase activity remains constant, that of DDAH increases throughout the infection process in keeping with western-blot and amino acids data. This increase, depending mainly on DDAH-2 isoform, lasts in a brain NO increase which enhance the trypanocidal pressure. Above changes, opposite to those observed in periphery, are not favorable to the parasite survival in brain. They might constitute an additive protection against the parasite entry in this organ
Semballa, Silla. "Identification de mécanismes immunopathologiques dans la trypanosomose humaine africaine : anticorps et immunomodulateurs." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21028.
Full textNeurological and inflammatory signs associated with immunological alterations are a hallmark of human Africal trypanosomiasis. They include alterations in antibody and nitric oxide (NO) productions. Trypanosomes are highly sensitive to S-nitrosylated compounds. Murine macrophages use oxygen and NO-dependent mechanisms to synthesize S-nitrosylated compounds. Antibodies to NO-epitopes and to tryptophan-like epitopes are present in patient sera. Tryptophan-like epitopes are borne by VSG from trypanosomes of the brucei group and absent on T. Cruzi and T. Musvculi. NO production is insufficient to kill parasites. Induction of arginase represents a new escape mechanism in host immune defence elaborated by parasites. L-arginine stock, essential for NO production, is depleted. Parasite factors inducing arginase are purified by monoclonal antibodies. The identification of these 105 and 70 kDa proteins is in progress
Ammar, Zeinab. "Caractérisation de l' interaction entre les trypanosomes africains et les cellules endothéliales : activation, inflammation et rôle des trans-sialidases." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22057/document.
Full textTrypanosomiasis remains by far the most devastating parasitic disease in Africa affecting both humans and livestock. The current control strategies being not efficient, an alternative “anti-disease” strategy aiming to neutralize the pathological effects of the parasite rather than to eliminate it, was proposed. Therefore, it is essential to understand the development of pathogenesis and characterize the involved pathogenic factors. In this context, we wanted to elucidate the host-pathogen interaction between the African trypanosomes and the mammalian host endothelium. By comparing four different trypanosomes species, we showed that they displayed distinct capacities for activation of endothelial cells. We clearly demonstrated that T. congolense, T. vivax and T. b. gambiense activate the endothelial cells via the NF-ƘB pathway, but not T. b. brucei. This activation caused a pro-inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo, showing the importance of this mechanism in the development of pathogenesis. For the first time, we identified sialidase activity in the human parasite T. brucei gambiense, and demonstrated that the trypanosomal trans-sialidases are the mediators of this endothelial activation and its consequent inflammatory response, for both human and animal trypanosomes. Additionnally, we showed that endothelial cell activation is mediated by the lectin-like domain of the trans-sialidase rather than the catalytic site, and involves sialylated receptors of the endothelial cell surface. In conclusion, our study brings considerable insights into the host-pathogen relationship and designates sialidases as a central virulence factor in the molecular crosstalk during trypanosomiasis, which makes it a perfect target for the anti-disease strategy
Jacquot, Laurence. "Les traitements de la trypanosomose africaine humaine : les données actuelles de la thérapeutique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P124.
Full textBouteille, Bernard. "Le traitement de la trypanosomose humaine africaine étude d'un modèle expérimental : le mouton (ovis aries)." Limoges, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIMO301A.
Full textGirard, Murielle. "Contribution a l'étude des mécanismes immunopathogéniques de l'atteinte neurologique de la trypanosomose humaine africaineTexte imprimé." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO106F.
Full textAmevigbe, Dotse Dzabli Martin. "Les anticorps anti-cérébrosides au cours de la trypanosomose humaine africaine et expérimentale du mouton (ovis aries)." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMOA101.
Full textNzoumbou-Boko, Romaric. "Caractérisation d’une voie Immunomodulatrice impliquant l’arginase dans les Trypanosomoses." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22053/document.
Full textArginase induction, a mechanism of immunomodulation elaborated by trypanosomes has been identified. To avoid cytotoxic classical M1 macrophage activation, trypanosomes induce alternative M2 macrophage activation, which leads to L-ornithine production, essential for parasite growth. This immunomodulation pathway has been evidenced in a natural murine trypanosomiasis provoked by Trypanosoma musculi. This mechanism is also evidenced in human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). An increase in serum arginase is measured in HAT patients. A return to normal values is obtained after an efficacious treatment. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the causative agent of HAT, induces arginase in mouse macrophages and human leucocytes. T. lewisi, a rat parasite, also induces macrophage arginase.During host-parasite co-evolution, extracellular trypanosomes have selected a growth promoting mechanism, macrophage arginase induction by excreted secreted factor (ESF). We have produced a monoclonal antibody which inhibits trypanosome-induced arginase. This antibody blocks in vitro and in vivo T. musculi-induced arginase. Its injection into infected mice provokes a decrease in parasite load. This monoclonal antibody has allowed the identification of an orphan kinesin as the arginase inducing factor. The arginase inducing region of kinesin seems conserved among extracellular trypanosomes. Kinesin binds to macrophage membrane receptors. In vitro, addition of mannose to macrophage-parasite cocultures blocks arginase induction and parasite multiplication. Mannose injection decreases parasite load in infected mice. Compared to WT mice, parasite load is highly reduced in infected Mrc1 -/- KO mice. In trypanosomiasis, molecules targeting arginase pathway and/or mannose receptor, highly conserved in evolution, might represent new therapeutic approaches
Okomo-Assoumou, Marie-Claire. "Mécanismes autoimmuns et perturbations du réseau des cytokines dans la physiopathologie de la trypanosomose humaine africaine." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28381.
Full textDarsaud, Annabelle. "Etude de la dysrythmie circadienne de l'alternance veille-sommeil, suivi clinique et validation thérapeutique dans un modèle expérimental de trypanosomose africaine." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7a43894f-fdf1-497a-bb69-2f0763c6aeed/blobholder:0/2003LIMO310B.pdf.
Full textJamonneau, Vincent. "Caractérisation génétique de "Trypanosoma brucei ssp. " et évolution clinique de la trypanosomose humaine africaine en Côte d'Ivoire." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20152.
Full textBerge, Benoît. "La trypanosomose humaine africaine et expérimentale : modélisation stochastique de la veille et du sommeil et approches chronobiologiques." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4001.
Full textA stochastic model is used to study the sleep-wake organization while the disruption of the circadian and ultradian rhythms during Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) as well as in a rat experimental model is apprehended by classical chronobiological techniques. Currently we observe a reemergence of HAT and new therapeutic strategies have to be developed. Treatment of HAT depends on the severity (stage I or stage II) of the illness and medication for the second stage has potential harmful side effects. We aim through this work to bring in an additional tool for specifying as early as possible the stage of the illness. This is conducted in two complementary directions : (i) an application of a stochastic modeling and a search for the underlying temporal periods in human sleep process are used to characterize the stage of the illness ; (ii) using the same approaches, the results obtained for humans are validated by a rat experimental model in addition to an histological search for the parasite in brain tissues of the infested animal
Courtioux, Bertrand. "Etude des mécanismes inflammatoires au cours de la trypanosomose humaine africaine : applications en diagnostic et en thérapeutique." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/07cb14bf-1724-45c3-8443-df31e28c3c58/blobholder:0/2005LIMO310B.pdf.
Full textThe human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a re emerging disease, which represents a real public health problem. Two stages are classically described in the evolution of the disease, the heamo-lymphatic stage (stage 1) and the nervous stage (stage 2). Both diagnosis of stage 2 and discrimination between the stages, which is crucial to determine the treatment to apply, remain difficult. Except the presence of the trypanosome, the criterion usually taken into account is an increased cell number, upper than 5 cells/µL, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This last criterion remains controversial because it is considered as not specific enough. Our PhD work specifies the nature of the lymphocytic cells that are involved in the HAT, both in the blood and the CSF of patients. We show that, whatever the HAT stage, the proportion of B cells (CD19) increases in the patients' blood whereas the number of T cells decreases, thus confirming the immunosuppressive character of the disease. In the CSF, the increased number of CD19 cells observed for stage 2 patients could constitute a new criterion of the nervous stage. Furthermore, we tried to understand by which mechanisms lymphocytes were attracted in the central nervous system. To understand this phenomenon, we measured the rates of IL-1β, IL-8, MIP-1α, MCP-1 and RANTES, both in serum and in CSF and showed that MCP-1 rate in CSF seems to be characteristic of the stage 2 and could constitute another marker of the nervous stage. Previous work have shown that, only during stage 2 of HAT in the CNS, the immune system produces anti-galactocerebrosides and anti-neurofilaments antibodies, so we developed a field test to detect these antibodies, such as to help practicers to diagnose the stage of the disease. To improve this test, we analyzed the glycolipids in the parasite membranes and could highlight the presence of both glucosylceramide and its enzyme (glucosylceramide synthase), which could play a role in the apoptosis mechanisms described in HAT. The glucosylceramide synthase is also known for its action in the mechanisms of resistance to drugs. Then, we developed immunization tests with the products of this enzyme and showed a protective effect against the parasite
Kroubi, Maya. "Développement de formulations colloïdales antiparasitaires pour traiter la trypanosomiase africaine." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S043/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of a colloidal formulation of diminazene (DMZ) using cationic polysaccharide nanoparticles (NP+) for the treatment of African Trypanosomiasis. We first studied the process of DMZ loading in NP+. The addition of phospholipids in the matrix of the NP+ appeared to be necessary for the DMZ association. So, the amount of phospholipids is the limiting factor of the saturation index of NP+ with DMZ. To avoid the drug degradation during its formulation, we choose the \\\"post-loading\\\" technique which corresponds to a procedure with mild conditions: adding a DMZ solution in a suspension of NP+ containing an oily core. DMZ loaded into 70DGNP+ was found to be protected against oxidation and was stable for at least 6 months at 4°C. In a second step, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of formulated DMZ. In vitro tests on Trypanosoma brucei brucei showed an improvement of the DMZ trypanocidal activity. Tests on an acute model of Trypanosomiasis showed that the effective dose is equivalent to the free DMZ (3 mg / kg)
Bouteille, Bernard. "La trypanosomose africaine : des modèles expérimentaux à la physiopathologie et à l'approche thérapeutique de la maladie du sommeil." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T158.
Full textAdam, Yahaya. "Évaluation du risque de Trypanosomose Animale au Ghana, et suivi de l’impact de l’intervention d’éradication de la maladie et du vecteur dans la region Ouest du Ghana." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20210/document.
Full textAfrican animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is a major constraint to viable and sustainable livestock production systems in Ghana. Under the umbrella of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC), Ghana is collaborating with Burkina Faso in a sub-regional initiative aiming at creating tsetse-free areas across their common borders. The objective of this thesis was to conduct research to guide project implementation and specifically seeks to i) determine the pre-intervention vector and disease situation of the intervention area, ii) determine tsetse population structuring and the consequences on sustainable tsetse control efforts, iii) evaluate SAT for the control of riverine tsetse species in Ghana and iv) evaluate the environmental risk of the intervention programmes. Results of a baseline survey conducted in the Upper West Region (study area) indicated a wide-spread prevalence of Glossina tachinoides but Glossina palpalis gambiensis was limited to the southern edge of the study area. Average parasitological prevalence in cattle was estimated at 2.5% (95% CI: 1.06–5.77) and serological prevalence measured at 19% (95% CI: 14.03–25.35). The mean Index of Apparent Abundance (IAA) of tsetse was 8.7, 1.9 and 1.3 for samples taken along the Black Volta, Kulpawn and Sissili Rivers, respectively. Investigations of the G. tachinoides populations confirmed significant structuring within and between the three main river-basins of the study area, and indicated a local density of 0.48-0.61 flies/m² and dispersal distance that approximated 11 m per generation [CI 9 - 17]. No significant sex-biased dispersal was detected. However, the observed dispersal was deemed sufficient for a G. tachinoides-cleared area to be reinvaded from neighbouring populations in adjacent river basins. The potential of Sequential Aerosol Technique (SAT) to eliminate riverine tsetse species in a challenging subsection (dense tree canopy and high tsetse densities) and the subsequent efficacy of an integrated strategy, one year after the SAT operations, were also investigated. Results indicated failure to achieve elimination, attributed to insufficient penetration of insecticide aerosols in thick riverine forest galleries. However the overall reduction rate due to SAT was important (98%) and the subsequent integrated strategy maintained high levels of tsetse suppression. Finally an environmental impact assessment revealed no significant impact of deltamethrin aerosols on non-targeted aquatic and terrestrial arthropods
Bonnet, Julien. "Exploitation d'une biobanque de patients atteints de Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine à Trypanosoma brucei gambiense : recherche et validation de biomarqueurs." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0117/document.
Full textSleeping sickness, or Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), is a parasitic disease caused by a flagellar protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma and brucei species. Two subspecies of this parasite are pathogenic for humans: T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense; transmitted by Tsé-Tse flies present in sub-Saharan Africa. This disease classically evolves in two stages: the hemolymphatic stage which is define by the presence of the parasite in the blood and lymph and the nervous stage characterized by the presence of trypanosome in the central nervous system. Without treatment, this disease is lethal. Currently the available treatments for patients are stage-dependent. In order to control this pathology one day, research and improvement of tools for the diagnosis of the disease and the staging is fundamental. In this context, we have exploited a samples biobank composed of T. b. gambiense-infected patients and uninfected controles to: 1) evaluate the efficacy of existing stage biomarkers -Neopterin and CXCL-13- and we assessed their potential on the samples collected during post-treatment followup of patients. 2) determine new protein biomarkers using LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry. Our study identified a large number of potential biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, urine and saliva through the establishment of a new proteomic catalogue. Taking into account some of these proteins may improve patient management and follow-up in the future
Courtin, David. "Étude de la sensibilité génétique à la trypanosomose humaine africaine à "Trypanosoma brucei gambiense" en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20080.
Full textZhang, Zhengqing. "La trypanosomose animale à Trypanosoma evansi : caractérisation biochimique et génétique de souches provenant de Chine et étude du mécanisme de la chimiorésistance." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T202.
Full textDaulouède-Coyola, Sylvie. "Influence d'une hyperthermie extérieure et d'une trypanosomose aiguë et mortelle sur les mécanismes immunitaires élaborés par la souris étude de l'activité macrophagique et des facteurs humoraux associés /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604280c.
Full textDaulouède-Coyola, Sylvie. "Influence d'une hyperthermie extérieure et d'une trypanosomose aiguë et mortelle sur les mécanismes immunitaires élaborés par la Souris : étude de l'activité macrophagique et des facteurs humoraux associés." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10628.
Full textDethoua, Yandjima Louise Mariette. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques et pronostiques dans les trypanosomoses." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13511.
Full textThe Human African Trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa mainly in remote rural with poor access to health care. Available treatments are expensive and require significant human and logistical resources. Despite the lack of skilled health workers in endemic areas, people often fall back on to traditional medicine. Therefore investigating for new molecules seems necessary to contribute to the effort of research for alternatives therapies against HAT. In vitro, medicinal plants from the combretaceae family in Central African Republic showed trypanocidal activity on T. brucei brucei.Several cases of human infection with trypanosome parasites of animals have also been reported. The number of infections is probably underestimated. Some are usually cured in a spontaneous way, others require therapeutic care. Conventional drugs available against the THA, NECT combination and fexinidazole in clinical trial phase proved to be effective against T. lewisi (natural parasite of rats, causing atypical human Trypanosomosis) in vitro compared with T. brucei gambiense and in vivo in rats. Finally, the level of serum arginase, enzyme associated with the THA, is high in Trypanosomosis patients compared to healthy subjects from the same area. This rate is back to normal after effective treatment. Thus, the assessment of serum arginase may be considered as a biomarker for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment
Keita, Mahamane. "Etudes histologiques et immunohistologiques de l'evolution de la pathologie du systeme nerveux central au cours de la trypanosomose humaine africaine : utilisation d'un modele chronique experimental chez la souris infectee par trypanosoma brucei brucei." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO103C.
Full textHue-Lesthelle, Sophie. "Rôle des modifications du métabolisme de la L-arginine et du L-tryptophane rencontrées au cours des trypanosomoses." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P023.
Full textMalele, Imna Issa. "Vector trypanosome relationships." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395869.
Full textHublart-Sinsoillier, Marylène. "Hypogonadisme et trypanosomiase africaine." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10127.
Full textWebster, Paul. "Endocytosis by African trypanosomes." Thesis, Brunel University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280722.
Full textDirie, Mohamed Farah. "Studies on stercorarian trypanosomes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252955.
Full textHoste, Christian. "Elevage et trypanosomiase animale africaine." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605971k.
Full textPage, Anthony Michael. "The cytoskeletal architecture of trypanosomes." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325039.
Full textOwolabi, Olusegun Amoo. "Studies on chemotherapy of trypanosomes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293826.
Full textWells, Jeremy Mark. "Hybrid formation in African trypanosomes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329255.
Full textStiles, Jonathan K. "Studies on Glossina-trypanosome interactions." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258241.
Full textVan, den Bossche Peter. "The development of a new strategy for the sustainable control of bovine trypanosomosis in Southern Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28122.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2000.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
unrestricted
Bech, Linda. "Genetic and phenotypic characterization of trypanosomas." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6435.
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Trypanosoma theileri, of the subgenus Megatrypanum, a non-pathogenic cosmopolitan blood dwelling parasite of bovine. T. theileri can be cultured at room temperature in several culture media.
Blood samples were collected from deer's. To see if the blood was infected with trypanosomes it was cultivated in 2 ml sheep blood or cell cultivation medium DMEM with antibiotics.
Growth was detected by microscopy to see if there were any trypanosomes.
To determine the species of trypanosomes that was in the deer blood a DNA-preparation was done before a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) could be done. With sequencing the trypanosomes where determined to be Trypanosoma theileri.
Different tests were made to see in what way the trypanosomes best were caught to the objective slides.
Forty samples of borrelia positive serum from forty different patients were tested with the fluorescent microscopy. Forty different samples from blood donors were tested the same way.
Blood samples from 16 different fissiped were taken and to see if they were infected with trypanosomes. Three different PCR's were done on the 16 blood samples.
A small test on human blood was also performed.
Protein identification by immunoblot with western blot and silver staining was done.
With the electron microscopy tests were done in the ordinary way and Critical Dry Point to see if both of the techniques worked.
Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test were accomplished on two 96 well plates. The wells on the plates were diluted in different ways before they were processed.
Kelly, Steven Bryan. "Regulation of gene expression in trypanosomes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496987.
Full textBoda, Caroline. "Contribution des modèles expérimentaux dans l'étude des trypanosomoses africaines." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7fa54944-6101-4979-85d4-313a4eb37e0c/blobholder:0/2005LIMO310A.pdf.
Full textHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is a re-emerging disease responsible for a major public health problem. Knowledges about its physiopathology are necessary to find out new therapeutics but few studies are available. There is an urgent need to work with new experimental models to test trypanocidal activity of new drugs. In this work, we tested first megazol in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected sheep and its pharmacokinetics in uninfected sheep. Results showed megazol is efficient to treat stage I of trypanosomiasis in sheep if oral absorption occurs properly but this parameter seem to be very variable. Then, megazol was tested in T. B. Gambiense-infected African green monkeys in order to find out the optimal dosing. The results should be completed by further studies with more animals and with non mutagenic megazol derived compounds. Combination of two trypanocidals, DFMO and nifurtimox, bas been tested at low dosing in infected African green monkey. DFMO associated to nifurtimox given per os during 8 or 15 days couldn't cure the all animals. These results should be explained by a pharmacokinetics study of the combination. In a further study, we tested trypanocidal activity of methylene blue in vitro and in vivo. We obtained IC50 suggesting methylene blue could be active on trypanosomal infections. However, methylene blue given per os or intra-peritonealy couldn't cure infected mice. Several hypothesis are discussed and deserve to be verified. In an other hand, we tried to find out new criteria more precoce and specific for the stage diagnostic. We first adapted the method of flow cytometry to analyse blood and cerebrospinal fluid of infected patients and ensure its utility to study sleeping sickness. Then, we reproduce the experiment in infected African green monkeys to analyse the lymphocytes subset in blood and cerebrospinal fluid every two weeks. Results showed an increase in lymphocytes B during the disease course. African green monkey could be a good immunological model of the disease to precise these first results and to develop a field test for stage diagnosis
Ghanem, E. G. "Rheumatoid factors in murine trypanosome infections." Thesis, Brunel University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235031.
Full textForce-Barge, Pierre. "La trypanosomiase humaine au Congo en 1990." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11075.
Full textBrossas, Jean-Yves. "Nouvelles approches diagnostiques de la Trypanosomiase Américaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS577.
Full textSix to eight people are affected by Chagas disease worldwide. Most of the patients are found in South America; however, more and more countries in the north are confronted with this infection that presents great difficulties both in the diagnosis and in the treatment. Despite significant technological advances in recent years, improved diagnosis is a major challenge in the management of patients with Chagas disease. In a first part, we present our studies about the development of a new diagnostic test based on the direct identification of parasitic antigens present in the serum. We analyzed the culture supernatant of cells infected with T.cruzi by mass spectrometry and we identified soluble parasitic proteins. Subsequently, we showed that Chagasin, a parasitic protease, which could be good serum marker of T. cruzi infection.In second part, we present a study that allow the interpretation and evaluation of a new immunoblot assay "Western Chagas IgG" (CE mark) by LDBIO Diagnostics (Lyon, France). This assay based on trypomastigote and amastigote extract manufactured by the laboratory of parasitology and mycology of Pitié Salpétrière hospital. These results show that this assay has sensitivity and specificity values close to 100% and is considered an excellent serological assay intended for confirmatory testing of a positive or equivocal result obtained through classic screening tests
Branche, Carole. "Genome characterisation and mobility investigation in trypanosomes /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-682-4/.
Full textHide, Geoffrey. "Variation in repetitive DNA in African Trypanosomes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12083.
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