Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trypanosomoses'
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Dethoua, Yandjima Louise Mariette. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques et pronostiques dans les trypanosomoses." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13511.
Full textThe Human African Trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa mainly in remote rural with poor access to health care. Available treatments are expensive and require significant human and logistical resources. Despite the lack of skilled health workers in endemic areas, people often fall back on to traditional medicine. Therefore investigating for new molecules seems necessary to contribute to the effort of research for alternatives therapies against HAT. In vitro, medicinal plants from the combretaceae family in Central African Republic showed trypanocidal activity on T. brucei brucei.Several cases of human infection with trypanosome parasites of animals have also been reported. The number of infections is probably underestimated. Some are usually cured in a spontaneous way, others require therapeutic care. Conventional drugs available against the THA, NECT combination and fexinidazole in clinical trial phase proved to be effective against T. lewisi (natural parasite of rats, causing atypical human Trypanosomosis) in vitro compared with T. brucei gambiense and in vivo in rats. Finally, the level of serum arginase, enzyme associated with the THA, is high in Trypanosomosis patients compared to healthy subjects from the same area. This rate is back to normal after effective treatment. Thus, the assessment of serum arginase may be considered as a biomarker for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment
Boda, Caroline. "Contribution des modèles expérimentaux dans l'étude des trypanosomoses africaines." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7fa54944-6101-4979-85d4-313a4eb37e0c/blobholder:0/2005LIMO310A.pdf.
Full textHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is a re-emerging disease responsible for a major public health problem. Knowledges about its physiopathology are necessary to find out new therapeutics but few studies are available. There is an urgent need to work with new experimental models to test trypanocidal activity of new drugs. In this work, we tested first megazol in Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected sheep and its pharmacokinetics in uninfected sheep. Results showed megazol is efficient to treat stage I of trypanosomiasis in sheep if oral absorption occurs properly but this parameter seem to be very variable. Then, megazol was tested in T. B. Gambiense-infected African green monkeys in order to find out the optimal dosing. The results should be completed by further studies with more animals and with non mutagenic megazol derived compounds. Combination of two trypanocidals, DFMO and nifurtimox, bas been tested at low dosing in infected African green monkey. DFMO associated to nifurtimox given per os during 8 or 15 days couldn't cure the all animals. These results should be explained by a pharmacokinetics study of the combination. In a further study, we tested trypanocidal activity of methylene blue in vitro and in vivo. We obtained IC50 suggesting methylene blue could be active on trypanosomal infections. However, methylene blue given per os or intra-peritonealy couldn't cure infected mice. Several hypothesis are discussed and deserve to be verified. In an other hand, we tried to find out new criteria more precoce and specific for the stage diagnostic. We first adapted the method of flow cytometry to analyse blood and cerebrospinal fluid of infected patients and ensure its utility to study sleeping sickness. Then, we reproduce the experiment in infected African green monkeys to analyse the lymphocytes subset in blood and cerebrospinal fluid every two weeks. Results showed an increase in lymphocytes B during the disease course. African green monkey could be a good immunological model of the disease to precise these first results and to develop a field test for stage diagnosis
Nzoumbou-Boko, Romaric. "Caractérisation d’une voie Immunomodulatrice impliquant l’arginase dans les Trypanosomoses." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22053/document.
Full textArginase induction, a mechanism of immunomodulation elaborated by trypanosomes has been identified. To avoid cytotoxic classical M1 macrophage activation, trypanosomes induce alternative M2 macrophage activation, which leads to L-ornithine production, essential for parasite growth. This immunomodulation pathway has been evidenced in a natural murine trypanosomiasis provoked by Trypanosoma musculi. This mechanism is also evidenced in human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). An increase in serum arginase is measured in HAT patients. A return to normal values is obtained after an efficacious treatment. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the causative agent of HAT, induces arginase in mouse macrophages and human leucocytes. T. lewisi, a rat parasite, also induces macrophage arginase.During host-parasite co-evolution, extracellular trypanosomes have selected a growth promoting mechanism, macrophage arginase induction by excreted secreted factor (ESF). We have produced a monoclonal antibody which inhibits trypanosome-induced arginase. This antibody blocks in vitro and in vivo T. musculi-induced arginase. Its injection into infected mice provokes a decrease in parasite load. This monoclonal antibody has allowed the identification of an orphan kinesin as the arginase inducing factor. The arginase inducing region of kinesin seems conserved among extracellular trypanosomes. Kinesin binds to macrophage membrane receptors. In vitro, addition of mannose to macrophage-parasite cocultures blocks arginase induction and parasite multiplication. Mannose injection decreases parasite load in infected mice. Compared to WT mice, parasite load is highly reduced in infected Mrc1 -/- KO mice. In trypanosomiasis, molecules targeting arginase pathway and/or mannose receptor, highly conserved in evolution, might represent new therapeutic approaches
Duvallet, Gérard. "Trypanosomoses humaine et animale en Afrique de l'ouest recherches épidémiologiques et immunoparasitologiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604866g.
Full textFumoux, Francis. "Contribution à l'étude de la résistance naturelle des bovins aux trypanosomoses africaines." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605241q.
Full textDuvallet, Gérard. "Trypanosomoses humaine et animale en Afrique de l'Ouest : recherches épidémiologiques et immunoparasitologiques." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112256.
Full textCecchi, Giuliano. "Biogeographical patterns of African trypanosomoses for improved planning and implementation of field interventions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209787.
Full textIn this thesis the knowledge gaps and the requirements for an evidence-based decision making in the field of tsetse and trypanosomoses are identified, with a focus on georeferenced data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Datasets, tools and analyses are presented that aim to fill some of the identified knowledge gaps.
For the human form of the disease, also known as sleeping sickness, case detection and treatment are the mainstay of control, so that accurate knowledge of the geographic distribution of infections is paramount. In this study, an Atlas was developed that provides village-level information on the reported occurrence of sleeping sickness. The geodatabase underpinning the Atlas also includes the results of active screening activities, even when no cases were detected. The Atlas enables epidemiological maps to be generated at a range of scales, from local to global, thus providing evidence for strategic and technical decision making.
In the field of animal trypanosomosis control, also known as nagana, much emphasis has recently been placed on the vector. Accurate delineation of tsetse habitat appears as an essential component of ongoing and upcoming interventions against tsetse. The present study focused on land cover datasets and tsetse habitat. The suitability for tsetse of standardized land cover classes was explored at continental, regional and national level, using a combination of inductive and deductive approaches. The land cover classes most suitable for tsetse were identified and described, and tailored datasets were derived.
The suite of datasets, methodologies and tools presented in this thesis provides evidence for informed planning and implementation of interventions against African trypanosomoses at a range of spatial scales.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Desquesnes, Marc. "Les trypanosomoses du betail en amerique latine, etude speciale dans le plateau des guyanes." Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL2T006.
Full textDayo, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan. "Recherche de marqueurs génétiques associés à la tolérance et/ou sensibilité des bovins aux trypanosomoses africaines." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20167.
Full textThis thesis aimed at identifying genetic markers associated with tolerance / sensitivity of cattle to African trypanosomosis. Association studies between microsatellite markers and trypanotolerance phenotype (anaemia control) were performed on a crossbred Baoule/zebu peul cattle population in natural conditions in south-western Burkina Faso. For genotyping, we used microsatellite markers located in four QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) regions previously identified as related to anaemia or parasitaemia control in N'Dama / Boran zebu crossbred population. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated with D', r' and χ'² measures from genotype and haplotype data. Results showed high genetic variability in terms of mean number of alleles per locus, heterozygosities and the LD extends over shorter distances than what has been observed in selected European bovine populations. The ANOVA test showed that an allele of MNB-42 microsatellite marker was significantly associated with this phenotype (FDR = 0. 011). The search for signatures of selection performed on African trypanotolerant taurine, African trypanosusceptible zebu and European trypanosusceptible taurine, using tests based on the reduction of the microsatellite markers variability between trypanotolerant cattle and trypanosusceptible cattle in one hand and tests based on genetic differentiation on the other hand, allowed the detection of outliers (markers that deviate from the assumption of neutral evolution) that are probably linked to selected loci. Our results support the hypothesis that natural selection contributed to the development of trypanotolerance in West African taurine populations
Peylhard, Mélanie. "Etude des bases moléculaires et cellulaires de la tolérance aux trypanosomoses chez les bovins par RNAseq." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG024.
Full textAnimal African Trypanosomosis (AAT) is a parasitic disease (trypanosome) with vectorial transmission (tsetse fly). In sub-Saharan Africa, it constitutes a major impediment to livestock development. However, there are trypanotolerant taurine cattle breeds capable of tolerating the disease. European and indicine breeds are trypanosusceptible and, without treatment, usually die from infection. PhD objectives are to improve knowledge of host-parasite interactions by identifying the genes, gene networks, metabolic pathways, and biological functions associated with trypanotolerance. Five West African cattle breeds have been experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense. RNA-seq libraries were constructed from blood samples to characterize the metatranscriptome during infection (bovine + parasite). The main findings reveal that the infection had a major impact on the transcriptome of cattle leukocytes regardless of breed. The results generally confirm the data from the literature including early activation of the innate immune response, followed by activation of the humoral response and inhibition of T cells in the chronic stage of infection. New results could be highlighted as a strong disruption of metabolism and energy production in the host. The N'Dama (trypanotolerant reference) breed showed an earlier and more intense immune response associated with strong activation of energy production by the cells. The Zebu breed (trypanosusceptible reference) showed a strong disruption of lipid metabolism, probably due to spoliation by the parasite or directly related to deregulation of the host metabolism. In conclusion, I was able to highlight subtle differences in some pathways related to the activation of the immune response, and highlighted the interactions between immune response, metabolic changes, and parasite-induced disturbances. These interactions metabolism * immune response deserve further study in cattle, to improve the treatment of trypanosomoses
Bouyer, Jérémy. "Ecologie des glossines du Mouhoun au Burkina Faso : intérêt pour l'épidémiologie et le contrôle des trypanosomoses africaines." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20183.
Full textAfrican animal trypanosomoses, transmitted by Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank and G. Tachinoides Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae), are a major constraint to the improvement of cattle productivity in the Mouhoun river basin, Burkina Faso. The apparent density of tsetse within their natural riverine habitat is associated with the underlying forest ecotype and the degree of human-related disturbance. A map of trypanosomosis risk was produced by using a landscape approach to analyse disturbance of the riverine forest and its environs (land use of the neighbouring pixels). The most important predictors of risk were two component of tsetse vectorial capacity: the relative density of vectors and their rate of mature infection. Three disease risk categories were defined along 702km of the Mouhoun river loop. To analyse the impact of habitat fragmentation on the structure of tsetse metapopulations, tsetse dispersal was modelled as a diffusion process in a linear network, using historical data from studies of G. P. Gambiensis in an undisturbed forest and results from a mark-release-recapture experiment conducted in a fragmented riverine forest. The predicted gene flows between sub-populations within a fragmented riverine system were compared with observed measurements of genetic and morphometric parameters for four tsetse populations in the western arm of the Mouhoun. Observations of tsetse feeding suggested that two components of this behaviour may reduce feeding risk for the fly. First, tsetse were biased towards feeding repeatedly from the host species that provided their first bloodmeal, which has important epidemiological implications. Second, tsetse fed largely from the legs of cattle which offers opportunities for improving the use of acaricides/insecticides to control vectors
Hue-Lesthelle, Sophie. "Rôle des modifications du métabolisme de la L-arginine et du L-tryptophane rencontrées au cours des trypanosomoses." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P023.
Full textVan, den Bossche Peter. "The development of a new strategy for the sustainable control of bovine trypanosomosis in Southern Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28122.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2000.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
unrestricted
Fauret, Pierre. "Anthropisation en direction des Parcs Nationaux de Taï et de la Comoé (Côte d’Ivoire) : évaluer le risque trypanosomien." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30025.
Full textIn Sub-Saharan Africa, population growth and climatic variability generate significant population movements in direction of protected areas. The installation on the periphery or inside the protected areas, exposes the human populations and the animals that they raise to the bite of insect-vectors able to transmitting pathogens (yellow fever, leishmaniasis, trypanosomosis etc.). This is the case of tsetse flies, vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT or sleeping sickness) and African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT). In Côte d’Ivoire, population increased from 2.6 million (8 people/km2) in 1950 to 23,1 million in 2015 (71,6 people/km2). The process of deforestation for agriculture development (coffee, cocoa, rubber tree and cashew plantations for example) have led to a land saturation, which are oriented agricultural populations towards protected areas. This increasing of anthropic impacts in and around protected areas exposes human and animal populations to tsetse fly bite and trypanosome risk. The objective of this study is to report the process of exploitation of territories situated in margins and inside two protected areas and to evaluate trypanosome risk. More precisely, the first step is to characterize settlement dynamics (creation, extension and multiplication of stands, increase in human population densities) and changes in the rural area (areas cultivated and types of crops) outskirts of the Taï National Park (forest) and the Comoé National Park (savannah). Activities carried out by the surrounding riparian populations and within these protected areas is also studied (gathering, hunting, fishing, grazing, gold panning, etc.). In the same time, in order to assess the risk, entomological surveys (species diversity, density and infection of tsetse flies), medical and veterinary surveys (seroprevalence, prevalence of HAT and AAT) were conducted. This "One Health" approach provides a better understanding of how populations exploit marginal and protected areas and measure trypanosome risk exposure. In view of the demographic projections and future land issues associated, this theme appears essential for the elimination of human and animal trypanosomiasis. This study helps to reach the goal of elimination of THA in Côte d'Ivoire by 2020
Dauchy, Frédéric-Antoine. "Immunopathologie et approche thérapeutique dans la Trypanosomose Africaine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0390/document.
Full textTrypanosoma brucei gambiense, an extracellular eukaryotic flagellate parasite, is the main causative agent of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness. Trypanosomes have developped efficient mechanisms to escape the host immune response. New therapeutic options are needed for patients with HAT. Sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) is a potential drug target but its essentiality has not been studied in T. brucei. In a first study, we demonstrated its essentiality by RNA interference (CYP51RNAi) in vitro. CYP51RNAi induction caused morphological defects with multiflagellated cells, suggesting cytokinesis dysfunction. Additionally, the survival of CYP51RNAi infected-mice was improved, showing CYP51 RNAi effect on trypanosomal virulence. During infection with virulent strains, posaconazole-eflornithine and nifurtimox-eflornithine combinations showed similar improvement in mice survival. Thus, our results provide support for a CYP51 targeting based treatment in HAT. In a second work, we studied the innate host immune system characteristics in trypanosomiasis, as a severe immune dysregulation is present in HAT. To analyse the potential immunomodulatory activity of T. gambiense in human settings, we assess the effect of its secretome on dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro, using human monocyte-derived DCs. A significant inhibition of the LPS-induced maturation of DCs was observed with secretome. In line with this impairment, secretome down regulated cytokines production by LPS-activated DCs. TbKHC1, a kinesin heavy chain, is a component of the parasite secretome. We confirmed its role in parasitic escape to immune system by inducing arginase activity, in a murine model. Our results provide new information about the immune system characteristics during trypanosomiasis, which may help to uncover new therapeutic approachs in HAT
Ngo, Nonga Sylvie. "Une nouvelle thérapeutique de la trypanosomose africaine humaine : l'éflornithine." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P053.
Full textChevrier, Céline. "Approche physiopathologique et chronobiologique de la trypanosomose Africaine expérimentale." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10087.
Full textPervieux, Lynda. "Apports diagnostiques au cours de la trypanosomose humaine africaine." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a14d2c70-f65d-4ce4-a3e9-eda1e17e4617/blobholder:0/2008LIMO310D.pdf.
Full textHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease due to trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma brucei (T. B. ) group. These parasites are transmitted by the bite of a tse-tse fly. HAT represents a real public health problem in Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. Two stages are classically described in disease progression, the heamo-lymphatic stage and the nervous stage. Diagnosis and stage determination, which are crucial to determine treatment, remain difficult. Frequently used criteria are not very sensitive or very specific and require a lumbar puncture to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The objective of our PhD was to identify new approaches diagnostic to determine disease stage. For that, we studied various subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes, and the cytokines/chemokines controlling them. We initially characterized the regulatory T cells CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (nTregs), in Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice. NTregs increased in the thymus until 120 days post infection and decreased at 240 days. This may be due to a mechanism blocking nTreg maturation in the thymus, or their exit from the thymus. In contrast, in mesenteric lymph nodes, a nTregs constantly decreased was found during infection. These results suggest that the variation in their number was due to the progression of the infection, but was also age-dependent. Our study identified the lymphocytes present in the blood and CSF of HAT infected patients. In blood, regardless of the HAT stage, the proportion of B cells (CD19) increased whereas the number of T cells decreased, thus confirming the immunosuppressive character of the disease. In the CSF, the increased number of CD19 cells observed for stage 2 patients could constitute a new criterion of the nervous stage. Furthermore, we tried to understand by which mechanisms lymphocytes were attracted into the central nervous system by measurement of different cytokines/chemokines levels in serum and CSF. In serum, cytokines/chemokines levels were only associated with the presence of trypanosomes in CSF. In CSF, their expression was associated with the presence of neurological signs, suggesting a possible use for diagnosis of the nervous stage. Finally, we showed that T. B. Gambiense activated CXCL-13 expression in microglial and endothelial cell lines, suggesting a direct role of trypanosomes in regulation. Our studies on lymphocytes and cytokines/chemokines implicated highlights the necessity of their evaluation as stage markers by multicentric studies in the field
Dia, Mamadou Lamine. "Epidémiologie de la trypanosomose cameline à Tryapanosoma evansi en Mauritanie." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T018.
Full textAmrouni, Donia. "Monoxyde d'azote (NO) et trypanosomose africaine expérimentale chez le rat." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10129.
Full textBy way of an experimental model of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT or sleeping sickness), the rat infected by Trypanosoma brucei brucei, we examined the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of this pathology. In the infected animals, opposite variations in NO concentration were observedeither at peripheral or brain compartments: NO decreases in blood but increases in brain. These changes are dependent on the activity of the inducible NO-synthase (iNOS). In periphery, the decrease observed in NO concentration favors the parasite entrance because the trypanocidal pressure exerted by NO is decreased. In such a situation, L-arginine, the substrate conducing to the synthesis of NO, is employed for the synthesis of polyamines, a category of compounds necessary for the parasite growth. It is likely that above mechanisms might be triggered by parasites. In brain, NO synthesis is submitted to additive complex regulatory processes implying arginase and NG, NG-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). While the arginase activity remains constant, that of DDAH increases throughout the infection process in keeping with western-blot and amino acids data. This increase, depending mainly on DDAH-2 isoform, lasts in a brain NO increase which enhance the trypanocidal pressure. Above changes, opposite to those observed in periphery, are not favorable to the parasite survival in brain. They might constitute an additive protection against the parasite entry in this organ
Mamoudou. "Trypanosomosis and trypanocidal drug resistance on the Adamaoua Plateau in Cameroon /." Berlin : Mensch- & -Buch-Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015960577&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textKingston, Demelza. "Investigating central nervous system trypanosomosis in working equids in The Gambia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30682/.
Full text[Verfasser], Mamoudou. "TRYPANOSOMOSIS AND TRYPANOCIDAL DRUG RESISTANCE ON THE ADAMAOUA PLATEAU IN CAMEROON / Mamoudou." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1022455982/34.
Full textSEIXAS, Jorge. "Investigations on the encephalopathie syndrome during melarsoprol treatment of human african trypanosomosis." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/56814.
Full textSemballa, Silla. "Identification de mécanismes immunopathologiques dans la trypanosomose humaine africaine : anticorps et immunomodulateurs." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21028.
Full textNeurological and inflammatory signs associated with immunological alterations are a hallmark of human Africal trypanosomiasis. They include alterations in antibody and nitric oxide (NO) productions. Trypanosomes are highly sensitive to S-nitrosylated compounds. Murine macrophages use oxygen and NO-dependent mechanisms to synthesize S-nitrosylated compounds. Antibodies to NO-epitopes and to tryptophan-like epitopes are present in patient sera. Tryptophan-like epitopes are borne by VSG from trypanosomes of the brucei group and absent on T. Cruzi and T. Musvculi. NO production is insufficient to kill parasites. Induction of arginase represents a new escape mechanism in host immune defence elaborated by parasites. L-arginine stock, essential for NO production, is depleted. Parasite factors inducing arginase are purified by monoclonal antibodies. The identification of these 105 and 70 kDa proteins is in progress
Emslie, Forbes Richard. "A field evaluation of three trypanosomosis control strategies in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03022006-132100/.
Full textBennison, James John. "The effects of nutrition and trypanosomosis on the productivity of trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle." Thesis, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263259.
Full textJacquot, Laurence. "Les traitements de la trypanosomose africaine humaine : les données actuelles de la thérapeutique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P124.
Full textAdam, Yahaya. "Évaluation du risque de Trypanosomose Animale au Ghana, et suivi de l’impact de l’intervention d’éradication de la maladie et du vecteur dans la region Ouest du Ghana." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20210/document.
Full textAfrican animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is a major constraint to viable and sustainable livestock production systems in Ghana. Under the umbrella of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC), Ghana is collaborating with Burkina Faso in a sub-regional initiative aiming at creating tsetse-free areas across their common borders. The objective of this thesis was to conduct research to guide project implementation and specifically seeks to i) determine the pre-intervention vector and disease situation of the intervention area, ii) determine tsetse population structuring and the consequences on sustainable tsetse control efforts, iii) evaluate SAT for the control of riverine tsetse species in Ghana and iv) evaluate the environmental risk of the intervention programmes. Results of a baseline survey conducted in the Upper West Region (study area) indicated a wide-spread prevalence of Glossina tachinoides but Glossina palpalis gambiensis was limited to the southern edge of the study area. Average parasitological prevalence in cattle was estimated at 2.5% (95% CI: 1.06–5.77) and serological prevalence measured at 19% (95% CI: 14.03–25.35). The mean Index of Apparent Abundance (IAA) of tsetse was 8.7, 1.9 and 1.3 for samples taken along the Black Volta, Kulpawn and Sissili Rivers, respectively. Investigations of the G. tachinoides populations confirmed significant structuring within and between the three main river-basins of the study area, and indicated a local density of 0.48-0.61 flies/m² and dispersal distance that approximated 11 m per generation [CI 9 - 17]. No significant sex-biased dispersal was detected. However, the observed dispersal was deemed sufficient for a G. tachinoides-cleared area to be reinvaded from neighbouring populations in adjacent river basins. The potential of Sequential Aerosol Technique (SAT) to eliminate riverine tsetse species in a challenging subsection (dense tree canopy and high tsetse densities) and the subsequent efficacy of an integrated strategy, one year after the SAT operations, were also investigated. Results indicated failure to achieve elimination, attributed to insufficient penetration of insecticide aerosols in thick riverine forest galleries. However the overall reduction rate due to SAT was important (98%) and the subsequent integrated strategy maintained high levels of tsetse suppression. Finally an environmental impact assessment revealed no significant impact of deltamethrin aerosols on non-targeted aquatic and terrestrial arthropods
Morlais, Isabelle. "Identification des trypanosomes chez les glossines en zones endémiques de trypanosomose humaine au Cameroun." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20085.
Full textBouteille, Bernard. "Le traitement de la trypanosomose humaine africaine étude d'un modèle expérimental : le mouton (ovis aries)." Limoges, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIMO301A.
Full textGirard, Murielle. "Contribution a l'étude des mécanismes immunopathogéniques de l'atteinte neurologique de la trypanosomose humaine africaineTexte imprimé." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO106F.
Full textGrace, Delia. "Epidemiology and control of cattle trypanosomosis in villages under risk of trypanocide resistance in west Africa." Berlin : Mensch-und-Buch-Verl, 2006. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2006/163/index.html.
Full textOkomo-Assoumou, Marie-Claire. "Mécanismes autoimmuns et perturbations du réseau des cytokines dans la physiopathologie de la trypanosomose humaine africaine." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28381.
Full textAyed, Zoulikha. "Trypanosome humaine africaine : détection d'autoanticorps anti-neurofilaments et anti-tubulines : essai d'immunisation contre la trypanosomose expérimentale." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO117G.
Full textHamidou, Soumana Illiassou. "La Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine (maladie du sommeil) : caractérisation de gènes impliqués dans les interactions symbiontes - glossines - trypanosomes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20182.
Full textTsetse flies are the vectors of African trypanosomes, the causative agents of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)in sub-saharan Africa. New sleeping sickness control strategies plan to use tsetse gut symbionts to increase tsetse flies refractoriness to trypanosomes infection. Such approaches require good knowledge on the molecular and cellular basis of interactions between symbionts, tsetse fly and trypanosome. This thesis aimed to i) assess the evolution of Glossina palpalis gambiensis symbionts (Wigglesworthia glossinidia and Sodalis glossinidius) densities throughout the host fly development cycle and ii) to characterize genes of Sodalis, G. p. gambiensis and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in interaction, which are differentially expressed during the infection. We showed that both symbionts are present in all tsetse fly development stages, allowing their use in the context of vector control. Subsequently, experimental infections were performed on colonies flies. G. p. gambiensis female flies were fed on T. b. gambiense hosting mice. Transcriptome of infected flies and flies that have cleared trypanosome they ingested were analysed. This allow us identifying genes of Sodalis, G. p. gambiensis and T. b. gambiense differentially expressed at the infection key stages. Our results highlight the complexity of interactions between Sodalis, G. p. gambiensis, T. b. gambiense and underline the involvement of bacteriophages hosted by S. glossinidius in tsetse fly refractoriness to trypanosome infection. Key words: sleeping sickness; tsetse fly; trypanosome; symbionts; vector competence; gene expression
Amevigbe, Dotse Dzabli Martin. "Les anticorps anti-cérébrosides au cours de la trypanosomose humaine africaine et expérimentale du mouton (ovis aries)." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMOA101.
Full textJamonneau, Vincent. "Caractérisation génétique de "Trypanosoma brucei ssp. " et évolution clinique de la trypanosomose humaine africaine en Côte d'Ivoire." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20152.
Full textBerge, Benoît. "La trypanosomose humaine africaine et expérimentale : modélisation stochastique de la veille et du sommeil et approches chronobiologiques." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4001.
Full textA stochastic model is used to study the sleep-wake organization while the disruption of the circadian and ultradian rhythms during Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) as well as in a rat experimental model is apprehended by classical chronobiological techniques. Currently we observe a reemergence of HAT and new therapeutic strategies have to be developed. Treatment of HAT depends on the severity (stage I or stage II) of the illness and medication for the second stage has potential harmful side effects. We aim through this work to bring in an additional tool for specifying as early as possible the stage of the illness. This is conducted in two complementary directions : (i) an application of a stochastic modeling and a search for the underlying temporal periods in human sleep process are used to characterize the stage of the illness ; (ii) using the same approaches, the results obtained for humans are validated by a rat experimental model in addition to an histological search for the parasite in brain tissues of the infested animal
Courtioux, Bertrand. "Etude des mécanismes inflammatoires au cours de la trypanosomose humaine africaine : applications en diagnostic et en thérapeutique." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/07cb14bf-1724-45c3-8443-df31e28c3c58/blobholder:0/2005LIMO310B.pdf.
Full textThe human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a re emerging disease, which represents a real public health problem. Two stages are classically described in the evolution of the disease, the heamo-lymphatic stage (stage 1) and the nervous stage (stage 2). Both diagnosis of stage 2 and discrimination between the stages, which is crucial to determine the treatment to apply, remain difficult. Except the presence of the trypanosome, the criterion usually taken into account is an increased cell number, upper than 5 cells/µL, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This last criterion remains controversial because it is considered as not specific enough. Our PhD work specifies the nature of the lymphocytic cells that are involved in the HAT, both in the blood and the CSF of patients. We show that, whatever the HAT stage, the proportion of B cells (CD19) increases in the patients' blood whereas the number of T cells decreases, thus confirming the immunosuppressive character of the disease. In the CSF, the increased number of CD19 cells observed for stage 2 patients could constitute a new criterion of the nervous stage. Furthermore, we tried to understand by which mechanisms lymphocytes were attracted in the central nervous system. To understand this phenomenon, we measured the rates of IL-1β, IL-8, MIP-1α, MCP-1 and RANTES, both in serum and in CSF and showed that MCP-1 rate in CSF seems to be characteristic of the stage 2 and could constitute another marker of the nervous stage. Previous work have shown that, only during stage 2 of HAT in the CNS, the immune system produces anti-galactocerebrosides and anti-neurofilaments antibodies, so we developed a field test to detect these antibodies, such as to help practicers to diagnose the stage of the disease. To improve this test, we analyzed the glycolipids in the parasite membranes and could highlight the presence of both glucosylceramide and its enzyme (glucosylceramide synthase), which could play a role in the apoptosis mechanisms described in HAT. The glucosylceramide synthase is also known for its action in the mechanisms of resistance to drugs. Then, we developed immunization tests with the products of this enzyme and showed a protective effect against the parasite
Bouteille, Bernard. "La trypanosomose africaine : des modèles expérimentaux à la physiopathologie et à l'approche thérapeutique de la maladie du sommeil." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T158.
Full textBonnet, Julien. "Exploitation d'une biobanque de patients atteints de Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine à Trypanosoma brucei gambiense : recherche et validation de biomarqueurs." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0117/document.
Full textSleeping sickness, or Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), is a parasitic disease caused by a flagellar protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma and brucei species. Two subspecies of this parasite are pathogenic for humans: T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense; transmitted by Tsé-Tse flies present in sub-Saharan Africa. This disease classically evolves in two stages: the hemolymphatic stage which is define by the presence of the parasite in the blood and lymph and the nervous stage characterized by the presence of trypanosome in the central nervous system. Without treatment, this disease is lethal. Currently the available treatments for patients are stage-dependent. In order to control this pathology one day, research and improvement of tools for the diagnosis of the disease and the staging is fundamental. In this context, we have exploited a samples biobank composed of T. b. gambiense-infected patients and uninfected controles to: 1) evaluate the efficacy of existing stage biomarkers -Neopterin and CXCL-13- and we assessed their potential on the samples collected during post-treatment followup of patients. 2) determine new protein biomarkers using LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry. Our study identified a large number of potential biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, urine and saliva through the establishment of a new proteomic catalogue. Taking into account some of these proteins may improve patient management and follow-up in the future
Grace, Delia [Verfasser]. "Epidemiology and control of cattle trypanosomosis in villages under risk of trypanocide resistance in west Africa / vorgelegt von Delia Grace." Berlin : Mensch-und-Buch-Verl, 2006. http://d-nb.info/980803306/34.
Full textSampaio, Luzia Cristina Lencioni. "Imunoterapia com igY aviária em ratos experimentalmente infectados porTrypanosoma evansi." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4097.
Full textTrypanosoma evansi é um protozoário flagelado que acomete bovinos, ovinos, caprinos, asininos, felinos e suínos. A enfermidade tem especial importância em equinos, sendo conhecida como mal das cadeiras , devido aos déficits de locomoção característicos em animais infectados. A doença tem distribuição mundial, com vários relatos de infecções naturais em diversas regiões no Brasil. Várias drogas terapêuticas têm sido recomendadas para a profilaxia e controle do protozoário, porém ao longo dos anos estes medicamentos tem perdido a eficácia e o protozoário parece desenvolver resistência. A produção e uso de anticorpos aviários tem despertado grande interesse na comunidade científica devido à diversidade de aplicações diagnósticas e terapêuticas. Devido à distância filogenética, mecanismos de diversificação imune e capacidade de transferência das imunoglobulinas séricas para a gema do ovo, atualmente reconhece-se uma série de vantagens ao utilizar anticorpos aviários ao invés de anticorpos de mamíferos. Neste estudo foi produzido uma imunoglobulina específica contra o T. evansi a partir de imunização de galinhas usando um isolado do protozoário. Após a extração e purificação a partir da gema do ovo, foram avaliadas a citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade destes anticorpos em cultura de leucócitos humanos. A eficácia terapêutica foi testada em Rattus norvegicus. O ensaio também avaliou o uso do anticorpo aviário associado ao dipropionato de imidocarb e diaceturato de diminazene. Os testes de toxicidade mostraram que a imunoglobulina não produz lesões celulares e genéticas. Testes in vivo mostraram aumento da longevidade e período pré-patente, principalmente em ratos tratados com a imunoglobulina aviária associada ao tratamento farmacológico. O protocolo de imunização e extração usados nesta pesquisa permitiu a obtenção de anticorpos específicos contra o protozoário e inócuo para o hospedeiro. Além disso, ao ser administrado com fins terapêuticos, reforça o sistema imunológico e prolonga a sobrevida de pacientes infectados.
Courtin, David. "Étude de la sensibilité génétique à la trypanosomose humaine africaine à "Trypanosoma brucei gambiense" en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20080.
Full textDarsaud, Annabelle. "Etude de la dysrythmie circadienne de l'alternance veille-sommeil, suivi clinique et validation thérapeutique dans un modèle expérimental de trypanosomose africaine." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7a43894f-fdf1-497a-bb69-2f0763c6aeed/blobholder:0/2003LIMO310B.pdf.
Full textCosta, Marcio Machado. "Proteinograma sérico de gatos infectados experimentalmente pelo Trypanosoma evansi." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10069.
Full textThis study aimed to evaluate the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in Trypanosoma evansi-infected cats during different periods of infection. Thirteen adult female non-breeding Felis catus were separated into two groups. Cats from the infected group (n=7) were intraperitoneally inoculated with a strain of T. evansi, and cats from the control group (n=6) received a physiological solution. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 7, 21, and 35 for evaluation total protein and protein fractious by electrophoresis. Albumin (P < 0.01), alpha-2 globulin and gamma globulin (P < 0.05) concentrations were statistically different from the seventh day post-inoculation. Beta globulin levels were increased from day 21 (P < 0.05). Alpha-1 globulin fraction did not statistically differ. These results indicate that the infection by T. evansi in cats alters the serum protein electrophoretic profile. Thus, the increase in γ-globulin fraction is a common finding in infection by T. evansi, caused mainly by increased IgM and IgG. However, the α2-globulin subfraction showed increase throughout the experimental period and, possibly, the proteins of this subfraction are directly involved in host defense against flagellate. Thereby, further studies is essentials to define the true role of each protein fraction in the control of infection.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de gatos experimentalmente infectados pelo Trypanosoma evansi, em diferentes períodos de infecção. Utilizaram-se 13 felinos (Felis catus) adultos, fêmeas e sem raça definida. Os gatos foram divididos em dois grupos homogêneos, sendo um o grupo controle (seis animais) e o outro o grupo infectado (sete animais). Os sete animais foram inoculados por via intraperitoneal, com um isolado de T. evansi. Nos outros seis animais, foi administrada pela mesma via solução fisiológica. Realizaram-se coletas de sangue nos dias 0, 7, 21 e 35 para avaliação das proteínas totais e fracionamento protéico através da técnica de eletroforese. Observou-se que os valores de albumina (p < 0,01), alfaglobulina 2 e gamaglogulinas (p < 0,05) diferiram significativamente a partir do sétimo dia de infecção e que as betaglobulinas (p < 0,05) apresentaram diferença estatística a partir do 21° dia. Não houve diferença estatística na fração alfaglobulina 1. Pode-se concluir que a infecção pelo T. evansi em gatos acarreta mudanças no perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas. Assim, o aumento na fração γ-globulina é um achado frequente na infecção pelo T. evansi, causado principalmente pelo aumento da IgM e IgG. Contudo, a subfração α2-globulina apresentou aumento em todo o período experimental e , possivelmente, as proteínas dessa fração estejam diretamente envolvidas na defesa do hospedeiro contra o flagelado. Desse modo, é fundamental que novos estudos sejam realizados para definir o verdadeiro papel de cada proteína dessa fração no controle da infecção.
Zhang, Zhengqing. "La trypanosomose animale à Trypanosoma evansi : caractérisation biochimique et génétique de souches provenant de Chine et étude du mécanisme de la chimiorésistance." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T202.
Full textMagona, Joseph Webeleta. "Point of care diagnosis of bovine trypanosomosis, tick-borne diseases and helminthoses with emphasis on portable anaemia-detection devices and decision support systems." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407706.
Full textKiragu, Japhet Mutegi. "Ecology and behaviour of the tsetse fly Glossina brevipalpis newstead and its possible role as a vector of livestock trypanosomosis in Kibwezi, Kenya." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389334.
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