Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tryptophane hydroxylase'
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BOULARAND, SYLVIANE. "Etude du gene de la tryptophane hydroxylase humaine." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077208.
Full textDelort, Jacques. "Etude de l'expression de la tryptophane hydroxylase de rat." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066091.
Full textSalam, Soha. "Inhibition sélective de l'expression de la tryptophane hydroxylase 2 in vivo : étude de la fonction des neurones sérotoninergiques des noyaux du raphé chez les rongeurs." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066580.
Full textFligny, Cécile. "Invalidation du gène TPH1 chez la souris : rôle de la sérotonine circulante et implication de la sérotonine maternelle dans la fonction cardiaque." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184157.
Full textPoncet, Ludovic. "L'acclimatation à l'hypoxie de longue durée chez le rat : aspects neurochimiques et chronobiologiques." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T071.
Full textThévenot, Etienne. "Mutagenèse conditionnelle dans le système sérotoninergique central de la souris par transfert viral de la recombinase Cre." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066318.
Full textDarmon, Michèle. "La tryptophane hydroxylase de rat : isolement de clones adnc et etude de l'expression du gene." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077027.
Full textBesançon, Roger. "Régulation de l'expression du gène de la tryptophane hydroxylase dans la glande pinéale de rat : rôle de l'innervation sympathique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T152.
Full textRaison, Sylvie. "Expression de la tryptophane hydroxylase dans les noyaux du raphé ponto-mésencéphalique du rat adulte : modèles lésionnel, pharmacologiques et physiologique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T204.
Full textMalek, Zeina Pévet Paul. "Régulation circadienne de la tryptophane hydroxylase dans les neurones sérotoninergiques du Raphé dorsal et médian chez le Rat." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/772/01/malek2007.pdf.
Full textMalek, Zeina. "Régulation circadienne de la tryptophane hydroxylase dans les neurones sérotoninergiques du Raphé dorsal et médian chez le Rat." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/MALEK_Zeina_2007.pdf.
Full textBiological rhythms are generated by the endogenous pacemaker located within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The serotonergic (5-HT) input to the SCN originates from two distinct serotonergic pathways: the first arising from the median raphe nucleus (MR) and the second from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of 5-HT, is expressed in the serotonergic neurons and thereby considered as a marker of 5-HT synthesis as its amount and activity reflect the intraneuronal levels of the neurotransmitter. We have demonstrated that TPH protein and TPH2 mRNA levels display circadian variations in both MR and DR. These patterns suggest a circadian synthesis of serotonin which is under the control of the master clock. The SCN are known to distribute circadian messages via neural, endocrine and behavioral outputs. Among these outputs, we examined the involvement of corticosterone daily surge and locomotor activity upon TPH2 mRNA rhythmicity. In the absence of adrenals, a complete suppression of TPH2 mRNA rhythm was observed in MR and DR. The restoration of corticosterone daily variations in adrenalectomized rats induced a TPH2 mRNA rhythmic pattern de novo, indicating that TPH2 mRNA rhythm is dependent upon daily fluctuations of glucocorticoids. Enhanced voluntary locomotor activity increased the level of TPH2 mRNA in both Raphe nuclei of control rats and was able to restore significant variation of TPH2 mRNA in adrenalectomized rats. In conclusion, both endocrine and behavioral cues can modulate tph2 expression: corticosterone surge acts as a rhythmic cue that induces the rhythmic expression of tph2 in the Raphe neurons and long-term exercise modulates the expression levels of this gene. Thus, the 5-HT neurons are a target for both endocrine and behavioral circadian cues and the 5-HT input to the SCN might feedback and influence the functioning of the clock itself
Nexon, Laurent. "Régulation photopériodique du fonctionnement journalier des neurones sérotoninergiques du raphé dorsal et médian chez le hamster doré." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/NEXON_Laurent_2009.pdf.
Full textIn mammals, serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in the regulation of circadian clock-controlled physiological and behavioral parameters which vary with seasons. We sought to determine whether daylength (photoperiod) could influence the functioning of 5-HT neurons in the raphé of a seasonal species, the Syrian hamster. A 24h-hour study of two groups of hamsters, in long and short photoperiod, has shown that photoperiod modifies the daily regulation of 5-HT synthesis. In a second part, we have shown that the photoperiodic message is delivered to 5-HT cells from the clock by hormonal route, via glucocorticoids (corticosterone and cortisol) and testosterone. These results show for the first time that the photoperiodic message can be delivered by the ubiquitous hormones glucocorticoids
Courtet, Philippe. "Génétique moléculaire des conduites suicidaires." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON1T025.
Full textDUMAS, MILNE EDWARDS JEAN-BAPTISTE, and F. LACROUTE. "Le clonage des adnc complets : difficultes, perspectives nouvelles. apports pour l'etude de la regulation de l'expression de la tryptophane hydroxylase de rat." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066359.
Full textHatia, Sarah. "Etude des souris invalidées pour le gène Tph1 : implication de la sérotonine dans l'érythropoïèse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630418.
Full textRouzaud, Charlotte. "Système sérotoninergique et cœur : aspect fondamentaux et modifications dans la cardiopathie du rétrécissement aortique chez l'homme." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30337.
Full textSerotonin (HT) is a biogenic monoamine, widely described and studied for its central nervous system (CNS) synthesis and effects. 5HT is synthesized in two steps enzymatic through a tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph) and an aromatic amino acids decarboxylase (LAAD). At the periphery, serotonin is massively synthesized by intestinal enterochromaffin cells by the Tph1, and then 5HT is stored in granules platelet. Recent works have shown that the serotonin has not only these two places of synthesis, enzymes can be isolated in another type of tissue as lung or bone. The first part of this work has been highlighting a 5HT intracardiac synthesis. "In vitro" and "in vivo" approaches showed the presence of the LAAD enzyme in cardiac vascular endothelium and its 5HT local production. Synthesized "de novo" in cardiac tissue, 5HT has a role of synthase nitric oxide (NOS) phosphorylation and a release of NO, powerful vasodilator agent. The cardiac endothelial LAAD and 5HT would appear to have a role in cardiac physiology. The second part of this work was to study the role and the influence of serotonin in cardiac hypertrophy by ventricular pressure overload in the rodent model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and in Human in the aortic stenosis pathology (AS). Animal experiments have been conducted in mice Knock Out for the Tph1. These animals, with low circulating free and platelet serotonin, suffered a TAC and developed a left ventricular overload and cardiac hypertrophy. The measure of the functional parameters, by echocardiography, morphometric analysis, molecular and histological approaches showed that the TAC causes hypertrophy in mice Tph1-/-as in wild mice. However, hypertrophy progresses to dilatative cardiomyopathy disease in mice Tph1-/-. This watching, and heart fibrosis, can be prevented when mice Tph1-/ - are supplemented by the serotonin precursor, 5 - Hydroxy Tryptophane (5HTP). These data indicate that serotonin, or its precursor would have a role in adaptive compensatory protective hypertrophy and seems to limit a pathological cardiomyopathy evolution. AS is the commonest valvular disease in Human adult and in the elderly person. This pathology shows fibrosis and calcification of the aortic valve which is an obstacle to blood ventricle ejection, frequently heart chronic failure is the issue. The last part of this manuscript presents the results of biomedical research SERAOPI. In this study, 15 healthy volunteers (without cardiac, depressive and platelet pathology, more than 50 years old and without medicine that change serotonin level) and 30 patients with different AS severity (with AS but without coronary, depressive and platelet desease, more than 50 years old and without medicine that change serotonin level) were included for echocardiography, aortic and radial arterial plasma serotonin levels assay, as the serotonin degradation product, the 5 Hydroxy Indole Acetic Acid (5HIAA). Platelets activation degrees also were measured to probably sign serotonin origin. It would seem that plasmatic serotonin and the 5HIAA increase in the RAo pathology as platelet activation, and in proportion to the aortic stenosis valve severity. These results suggest that plasma 5HT coming from circulating platelet or neo-synthesized in cardiac tissue appears to be involved in cardiac physiology and cardiac hypertrophic pathology due to ventricular overload
EHRET-FREUDENREICH, MIREILLE. "Etudes de la regulation de la synthese de la serotonine dans divers modeles chez l'animal : aspects transcriptionnels, post-transcriptionnels et post-traductionnels de la regulation de l'expression de la tryptophane hydroxylase." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13013.
Full textJiang, George Chih-Thai. "Structure and function of tryptophan hydroxylase /." Connect to electronic thesis, 2003. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/192.
Full textKent E. Vrana, advisor. Includes curriculum vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Remes, Lenicov Federico. "Transcriptional regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase-2." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27413.
Full textMATHIAU, PIERRETTE. "Les noyaux du raphe innervent-ils les vaisseaux cerebraux? donnees histologiques et biochimiques montrant la presence de nerfs immunoreactifs a la tryptophane hydroxylase et l'absence de nerfs contenant ou synthetisant de la serotonine. Implications possibles dans les cephelees." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066558.
Full textHill, Suzanne Deborah. "Cloning, expression and partial characterization of tryptophan hydroxylase in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21566.
Full textBased on sequence information from the C. elegans Genome Data Base and RT-PCR, we have cloned a full-length C. elegans TPH cDNA (CeTPH) that shows high homology to mammalian TPH. The predicted coding sequence of CeTPH was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector, pET-15b, and the resulting construct was introduced into E. coli (BL21 DE3 pLys strain) for IPTG-inducible expression of CeTPH protein. Results show that CeTPH expressed in E. coli has TPH activity and also shows an absolute requirement for the cofactor, BH4, just as shown previously for the mammalian enzyme. It has been well established that 5-HT is present and is biologically active in the tissues of C. elegans. By way of characterizing furthur CeTPH, we examined the localization of TPH in whole mounts of C. elegans by immunofluoresence using a polyclonal antibody against TPH.
Taken together, the results of this thesis characterize at the structural, functional and in situ levels one of the most primitive forms of TPH enzyme ever cloned.
Hill, Suzanne Deborah. "Cloning, expression and partial characterization of tryptophan hydroxylase in Caenorhabditis elegans." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0022/MQ50788.pdf.
Full textHamdan, Fadi F. "Serotonin biosynthesis and receptors in helminths." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0035/NQ64571.pdf.
Full textJensen, Gregory. "The Role of Serotonin (5-HT) in Regulating the Hypoxic Hyperventilatory Response of Larval Zebrafish." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35196.
Full textMosienko, Valentina. "Behavioral, neuronal, and development consequences of genetically decreased tryptophan hydroxylase 2 activity." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16885.
Full textSerotonin (5-HT) is a major neurotransmitter in the brain biosynthesis of which is initiated by tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2). Polymorphisms in the TPH2 gene are suggested as risk factors associated with depression and anxiety in humans. Furthermore, the most frequently prescribed antidepressants and anxiolytics target the serotonergic system. However, the question whether a complete ablation or partial reduction in brain serotonin leads to the developmental, neurochemical, or psychological abnormalities remains unresolved. In this study, I took advantage of mouse lines with various degree of decrease in TPH2 activity in order to dissect the impact of 5-HT loss on development, brain neurochemistry and behavior. Using Tph2-deficient mice I showed that central serotonin is essential for normal postnatal, but not prenatal development. Growth retardation of Tph2-/- mice was not a result of a disruption of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, metabolic abnormalities, or impaired thermoregulation, but could result from reduced ultrasonic vocalization. I tested Tph2-/- mice along with other newly generated mouse models with partial TPH2 reduction, and showed that 20% reduction in central serotonin is not enough to cause changes in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors most likely due to compensatory mechanisms including reduced serotonin metabolism and increased 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity. However, complete loss of central serotonin leads to a depression-like phenotype, reduced anxiety-like behavior, and exaggerated aggression, but no differences in activity, olfaction, memory, and adult neurogenesis. Fluoxetine treatment of Tph2-/- mice revealed serotonin-independent action of this antidepressant on anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Furthermore, fluoxetine drastically reduced the brain 5-HT content in mice with low TPH2 activity indicating that TPH2 activity may determine the efficiency of antidepressants targeting the serotonergic system.
Wang, Zuhao, and 汪祖昊. "Mechanistic study of circadian rhythms of tryptophan hydroxylase and serotonin receptors involved in acupuncture-induced analgesia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46937031.
Full textEkwall, Olov. "Pteridine dependent hydroxylases as autoantigens in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4941-7/.
Full textPierre, Constance. "Conséquences fonctionnelles, comportementales et adaptatives d'une mutation de la MAO (MonoAmine Oxydase) chez le poisson cavernicole aveugle Astyanax mexicanus. A Mutation in Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Affects the Evolution of Stress Behavior in the Blind Cavefish Astyanax Mexicanus." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS084.
Full textThe neurotransmitter serotonin controls a great variety of physiological and behavioral processes. In humans, mutations affecting the monoamine oxidase or MAO, the serotonin-degrading enzyme, are highly deleterious. Yet, blind cavefish of the species A. mexicanus carry a partial loss-of-function mutation in MAO (P106L) and seem to thrive in their subterranean environ-ment. This thesis describes the effects of this mutation, from the molecular level to the population level, in order to decipher the exact contribution of mao P106L in the evolution of cavefish neuro-behavioral traits, during their adaptation to the cave environment.In a first paper, we established 4 fish lines, corresponding to the blind cave-dwelling and the sighted river-dwelling morphs of this species, with or without the mutation. We found that mao P106L strongly affected anxiety-like behaviors. Cortisol measurements showed lower basal levels and an increased amplitude of stress response after a change of environment in fish carrying the mutation. Finally, we studied the distribution of the P106L mao allele in wild populations of cave and river A. mexicanus, and discovered that the mutant allele was present – and sometimes fixed - in all populations inhabiting caves of the Sierra de El Abra. The possibility that this partial loss-of-function mao allele evolves under a selective or a genetic drift regime in the particular cave environment is discussed.In a second paper, we assessed the structural and biochemical consequences of the mutation. We found that the reduction of enzymatic activity of mutant MAO is probably caused by a decrease of flexibility in one of the three loops forming the entrance of the active site, thus reducing the access of substrates. HPLC measurements in brains of mutant and non-mutant larvae and adult fish showed major disturbances in serotonin, dopamine and noradrenalin (and metabolites) contents, demonstrating that the P106L mao mutation is fully responsible for monoaminergic disequilibrium in the cavefish brain. We also discovered that the effects of the mutation were partially compensated by a decrease in activity of the TPH, the serotonin biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme. Our results shade light on the specificities of fish monoaminergic systems.Finally in order to aggravate the MAO inhibition, we generated the first fish knockout MAO mutant. The KO homozygous mutants were stunted and died during the first weeks of development. Contrary to the dopaminergic system which seemed normal in the KO homozygous mutants, the serotonergic system was strongly impaired; no serotonin positive neuron was detected in the hypothalamus
Whitney, Meredith Sorenson Deneris. "Novel Targeting of Adult Brain Serotonin Reveals New Roles in Behavior." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1473440530837021.
Full textLopez, de Lara Gutierrez Catalina. "Genetic risk factors for suicide in major depression : a focus on the serotonin transporter and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 genes." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111929.
Full textKikic, Dana [Verfasser]. "Targeting the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene for functional analysis in mice and serotonergic differentiation of embryonic stem cells / Dana Kikic." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024540251/34.
Full textGrohmann, Maik [Verfasser]. "Die Rolle der Tryptophan-Hydroxylase 2 bei der Entstehung psychiatrischer Erkrankungen : alternatives Spleißen und RNA-Editierung humaner TPH2-Transkripte / Maik Grohmann." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/102336378X/34.
Full textMosienko, Valentina [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Sommer, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Bader, and Heidrun [Akademischer Betreuer] Fink. "Behavioral, neuronal, and development consequences of genetically decreased tryptophan hydroxylase 2 activity / Valentina Mosienko. Gutachter: Thomas Sommer ; Michael Bader ; Heidrun Fink." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047145448/34.
Full textZaboli, Ghazal. "Genes of the serotonergic system & susceptibility to psychiatric disorders : a gene-based haplotype analysis approach /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-729-4/.
Full textAboagye, Benjamin [Verfasser], and Klaus-Peter [Gutachter] Lesch. "Behavioral and physiologic consequences of inducible inactivation of the Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene in interaction with early-life adversity / Benjamin Aboagye ; Gutachter: Klaus-Peter Lesch." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192216423/34.
Full textAraragi, Naozumi [Verfasser], and Klaus-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Lesch. "Electrophysiological investigation of two animal models for emotional disorders - serotonin transporter knockout mice and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 knockout mice / Naozumi Araragi. Betreuer: Klaus-Peter Lesch." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042899460/34.
Full textLim, Jeong-Eun. "Regulatory genetic variants in mental illness focus on serotonin-related genes /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196198735.
Full textGarcia, Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari. "A sincronização noradrenérgica e o papel da insulina na modulação da síntese da melatonina pela glândula pineal de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-16092008-113515/.
Full textThe mammalian pineal gland synthesizes the neurohormone melatonin exclusively during the dark phase. Its synthesis is primarily regulated via a retino-hypothalamic-pineal pathway and modulated by many factors, including the peptidergic system. Thus, the role of insulin on the regulation of melatonin synthesis was studied using cultured gland treated with norepinephrine, insulin and norepinephrine associated to insulin. The cultures were also synchronized or not by norepinephrine. Melatonin content was assayed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) with electrochemical detection, melatonin synthesis enzymes activities by radiometry and enzymes gene expressions by Real-Time PCR. The results suggest an interaction between norepinephrine and insulin signaling pathway, with insulinic potentialization on melatonin synthesis norepinephrine-mediated, and this effect, seems to accurs potentially through post-transcriptional events.
Tenner, Katja. "Funktionelle Charakterisierung der humanen Tryptophanhydroxylase 2." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15669.
Full textTryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) catalyzes the rate limiting step of the synthesis of the important neurotransmitter serotonin. Recently a new TPH isoenzyme, TPH2, was discovered. It turned out that this isoenzyme is responsible for the serotonin synthesis within the central nervous system, whereas the TPH1 is merely the starting point of serotonin synthesis in peripheral tissues. Since dysfunction in the metabolism of serotonin is related to a large number of psychiatric diseases, the neuronal TPH2 moved into the centre of interest. As a basis for the pharmacological manipulation of the central nervous serotonergic system, without influencing the periphery, the identification of differences between the two isoenzymes is essential. In this thesis it was shown that TPH1 and 2 not only differ in their expression sites but also in their basic biochemical characteristics. TPH1 turned out to be the more active enzyme. Furthermore it was shown that the N- and C-termini of TPH2 have an inhibitory respectively activating influence on the enzymatic activity. Therefore they became interesting targets for pharmacological interference, whereas the N-terminus as a TPH2 specific structure would facilitate the manipulation of the central nervous serotonergic system without exerting influence on the peripheral system. In further projects the existence of at least two protein kinase A phosphorylation sites could be verified, whereas the phosphorylation doesn’t seem to have any influence on the enzymatic activity, a high throughput assay for determination of TPH activity, based on a fluorometric principle, was developed, Tubulin beta2A was identified as a TPH2 interaction partner, the effect of a SNP in the Tph2 gene that decreases the TPH2 activity in vitro on the serotonin level and the behaviour of different mouse strains could be rated as insignificant by the generation of congenic mice und the expression of TPH1 mRNA was identified as a marker for endometrial cancer.
Izikki, Mohamed. "Physiopathologie de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire expérimentale et humaine." Thesis, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0054.
Full textThe physiopatholy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) implies multiple mechanisms. It is characterized by the reduction of the production of vasodilatators factors, the overproduction of vasoconstrictor factors and growth factors which lead to the pulmonary vasoconstriction, and the pulmonary vascular remodeling. The pulmonary endothelial cells release paracrine factors which contribute to the hyperplasy of the smooth muscule cells (SMC) during the progression of PAH. The FGF2 produced by the endothelial cells and stored in the extracellular matrix is reproted to be involved in the SMC proliferation. This study shows that inhibition of the pulmonary expression of FGF2 by the repeated injection of SiRNA in the rats treated with monocrotaline (MCT), is correlated with the improvment of the hemodynamic parameters, vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy, in both, a preventive and a curative treatment. In pateints with PAH, it has been shown that the circulating level of serotonin is very high as compared to control patients. The biosynthesis of serotonin depends on tryptophan hydroxylase. Therefore, we studied the impact of the genetic variations of Tph1 and Tph2 on the development of PAH in mice. This study showed that deficiency in Tph1 (peripheral Tph) protects mice against the hypoxia-induced PAH severity during hypoxia. In addition to the importance of the Tph, the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) expression is also a determining factor in the development of PAH. Mice overexpressing 5-HTT (SM22-5-HTT+ mice) specifically in SMC develop spontaneously PAH in normoxia, which worsens with age. We observed a significant decrease int he rate of cAMP and cGMP produced in the endothelial cells from patients with PAH, which has been reported to be due to low activities of NO synthase and prostacyclin synthase. Phosphodiesterases (PDE)hydrolize the two messengers (cAMP and cGMP), and the use of specific inhibitors of PDE increases the intracellular concentration of cGMP and cAMP and causes pulmonary vasodilatation. A daily oral administration of Roflumilast (1,5 and 0,5 mg/kg/day) a specific inhibitor of PDE4, was effective in preventing and in reversin the PAH in both experimental model of PAH, the MCT and chronic hypoxia (10%O2,2 weeks)
吳佳燕. "Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in human tryptophan hydroxylase gene." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53559230419311821747.
Full text國立成功大學
分子醫學研究所
89
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Human TPH has been localized on chromosome 11p15.3-14 and characterized to have 11 exons in 29 Kb. Previous study in our laboratory has demonstrated that C allele of TPH intron 7 A218C polymorphism is associated with bipolar affective disorder (BPD) in Taiwan. In contrast, the alternative A allele is significantly associated with BPD in French. These results suggest that the TPH locus is a strong candidate for BPD, although the alternative alleles of intron 7 polymorphism were in different linkage phases with actually causative mutation. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the most frequent nucleotide variant in the genome. Because SNPs have only two alleles, scoring the genotype requires only a plus/minus assay rather than a length measurement, thus permitting easier automation. In addition, SNPs also have potentials as direct function polymorphic variant involved in genetically complex human disease. Applied these properties of SNPs, this study aims to search sequence polymorphisms of the TPH locus and identify the causative polymorphism that is actually involved in the etiology of BPD. This study involved two parts: first, we had developed a simple and rapid way to detected single base substitution in large-scale population samples and evaluated the feasibility of this approach by using a known sequence variant from exon 1 (A75T) of serotonin receptor 5A (dbSNP: rs6320). Second, we have applied this approach to search SNPs in all exons, 5’promoter and in 3’untranslated region (UTR) of the TPH locus and followed by DNA sequencing to confirm any potential variants. We have identified five sequence polymorphisms including two in promoter, one in intron 1b, and two in 3’UTR. Future functional assays will be necessary to determine if the identified polymorphisms affect TPH gene expression. Furthermore, these polymorphisms within the TPH gene will be used in association and linkage disequilibrium analyses to confirm the TPH effect on etiology of BPD or other psychiatric disorder.
Tsai, Hsu-Wen, and 蔡旭文. "Molecular Genetic Study of Human Tryptophan Hydroxylase Gene in Depression and Anxiety." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44232642758119044727.
Full text國立成功大學
行為醫學研究所
91
Depression and anxiety disorders are widely studied in the psychological aspects. Previous family twin studies had suggested that genetic basis plays an important role in depression and anxiety disorders. But in linkage studies, the findings are not consistent. Serotonin is the biogenic amine neurotransmitter most commonly associated with depression and anxiety. The human tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, thus it has been a candidate gene for genetic research with various psychiatric disorders. SNPs are major contributors to genetic variation and mutationally more stable, making them suitable for association studies in which linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers and an unknown variant is used to map disease-causing mutations. The aim of this study is to examine if major depression, anxiety disorders and comorbid depression and anxiety is related to genetic variations in human TPH gene. In this study, 206 females from a postpartum depression study, which were classified into depression, anxiety, comorbid anxiety and depression, and normal control, were also collected. Five SNP markers within and around TPH gene were genotyped using two fast and convenient genotyping methods. Genotyping results were analyzed with chi-square analysis to examine to association between groups. Result of this study suggested that TPH may not play an important role in the etiology of depression, anxiety and comorbid depression and anxiety in our population. However, further study may be required to investigate if TPH has minor regulatory effect in the pathogenesis of these psychiatric disorders.
Chao, Shin-Chih, and 趙新志. "Genetic analysis of the human tryptophan hydroxylase2 (TPH2) gene in Taiwan." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05892859199925313317.
Full text國立成功大學
分子醫學研究所
93
ABSTRACT Serotonin is one of the monoamine neurotransmitters and the expression of serotonin in central nervous system (CNS) plays a role in the regulation of emotion, sleep, appetite and sexual activity. The TPH gene encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin biosynthesis and is the candidate gene for the etiology of bipolar disease (BPD). Previous association studies of TPH1 and BPD revealed inconclusive results. The second TPH isoform (TPH2, also known as neuronal TPH) was identified recently and showed predominantly expressed in the CNS. This discovery provides another window to examine the role of TPH gene in serotonin-related psychiatric disorders. The TPH2 gene contains 11 exons that span about 93.5 kb on chromosome 12q15. In addition to some studies have documented the expression pattern of this gene, limited information regarding the TPH2 gene and its effects on psychiatric disorders has been reported. This study aims to search the sequence variants of TPH2 locus and to study the possible association of this gene with BPD in Taiwan. Furthermore, we want to study allelic distribution of TPH2 polymorphisms in three different aboriginal populations. We have completed polymorphism screening of sequences in regulatory and exon regions. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified that include two in the promoter region, five in exons and one in intron regions. Five selected SNPs have been genotyped using high throughput genotyping system in normal controls, BPD patients and three aboriginal populations. The genotype data of these SNPs from different populations are collected and have been statistically analyzed. The allele frequency and genotype frequency of four SNPs in TPH2 gene are significantly different between four Taiwanese populations that showed the evolutional origin is different among the four populations. In addition, the allele frequency and haplotype frequency of SNP C2755A in TPH2 gene are significantly different between BPD patient and normal control populations indicated a strong association with BPD. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to check the gene expression regulation by different allele of the promoter SNPs. Results from this study has provided the evidences that the polymorphism on promoter region can affect the expression of TPH2 gene. Besides, the document of TPH2 gene polymorphisms in Taiwan populations will help the future association study for another trait related to serotonin system in CNS.
Aboagye, Benjamin. "Behavioral and physiologic consequences of inducible inactivation of the \(Tryptophan\) \(hydroxylase\) 2 gene in interaction with early-life adversity." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173581.
Full textUnterbrechungen der Serotonin-Stoffwechselwege (5-Hydroxytryptamin, 5-HT) im Gehirn wurden mit der Ätiologie und der Pathogenese von verschiedenen neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen assoziiert, wobei die neuronalen Mechanismen der 5-HT Funktionen noch vollständig entschlüsselt werden müssen. Die Tryptophan-Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) ist das limitierende Enzym für die 5-HT Synthese im Gehirn, weshalb der durch Tamoxifen (Tam) induzierbare, cre-vermittelte Tph2 Gen-Knockout (Tph2icKO) im adulten Mausgehirn möglicherweise helfen könnte die spezifische Rolle von 5-HT im Gehirn in der Regulation von adultem Verhalten zu entschlüsseln. Zuerst wurden Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) und Immunhistochemische Analysen durchgeführt um die Effizienz der Tam induzierten Inaktivierung des Tph2 und die daraus folgende Reduktion von 5-HT im Gehirn zu überprüfen. Die Behandlung mit Tam resultierte in einer ≥86% Reduktion der Anzahl von 5-HT immunoreaktiven Zellen in der anterioren Raphe im Gehirn. Die HPLC zeigte eine signifikante Reduktion der 5-HT Konzentration und dessen Stoffwechselprodukts 5-Hydroxyindolylessigsäure (5-HIAA) in ausgewählten Gehirn regionen von Tph2icKO, was auf die Effektivität des benutzten Protokolls hindeutet. Danach wurden standarisierte Verhaltens tests durchgeführt um festzustellen, ob eine reduzierte 5-HT Konzentrationen im Gehirn zu einer Veränderung in der Angstreaktion, Depression und im Furchtverhalten der Mäuse führt. Bei allen Tests konnte sowohl in den Tph2icKO-Mäusen als auch in den Kontrolltieren kein offensichtliches angstbezogenes und depressionsähnliches Verhalten festgestellt werden, wobei die Tph2icKO-Mäuse intensive und anhaltende Furcht im Kontext „dependent fear retrieval“ zeigten. Tph2icKO-Mäuse zeigten zudem lokomotorische Hyperaktivität und konsumierten mehr Futter und Flüssigkeit als die Kontrolltiere. Zuletzt wurde der kombinierte Effekt von Stress durch mütterliche Trennung (MS) und adulter 5-HT Reduktion im Gehirn auf das Verhalten von männlichen und weiblichen Mäusen untersucht. Wieder rief nicht der depressionsähnliche Phänotyp, sondernder Stress durch die mütterliche Trennung (MS) und 5-HT Verarmung und deren Interaktion ein angstähnliches Verhalten in Abhängigkeit vom Geschlecht hervor. Reduziertes 5-HT vergrößerte die Angst in weiblichen, aber nicht in männlichen Mäusen. Stress durch mütterliche Trennung (MS) reduzierte das explorative Verhalten sowohl in Männchen als auch in Weibchen. Die Expression von Genen, welche im Bezug zum 5-HT System stehen (Tph2, Htr1a, Htr2a, Maoa und Avpr1a) wurden mit Hilfe von quantitativer Real-Time PCR untersucht. Die Tam Behandlung reduzierte dasTph2 Level in der Raphe bei beiden Geschlechtern signifikant. In weiblichen Mäusen steigertedie Interaktion zwischen Stress durch mütterliche Trennung (MS) und 5-HT Verarmung das Htr2a und Maoa Expressions level in der Raphe und im Hippokampus. In männlichen Mäusen reduzierte die Interaktion von Stress durch mütterliche Trennung (MS) und 5-HT Reduktion die Avpr1a Expression in der Raphe. Die Expression von Htr1a, Htr2a und Maoa wurde in verschiedenen Gehirn regionen unterschiedlich von Tam und Mütterliche Trennung MS verändert. In der Amygdala wurde nur ein MS Effekt auf die Tph2 Expression in den Mäusen sichtbar
Chih-ShenHsieh and 謝志伸. "Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 Gene Polymorphism Moderates the Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Emotional Disorders among Women in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01350609225159980413.
Full text國立成功大學
行為醫學研究所
101
Objective: Earlier studies have suggested that childhood maltreatment is a non-specific risk factor for various psychiatric disorders, especially major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. However, impact of maltreatment varies from person to person, implying that genetic susceptibility might be at work. A growing body of research has been focused on the association between Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and emotional regulation. In particular, TPH2 T-703G polymorphism may influence amygdala responsiveness during the process of emotional stimuli, especially negative emotions. We aimed to test the moderating effect of TPH2 T-703G on the effects of childhood maltreatment on emotional disorders. Material and methods: The participants consisted of 189 peripartum women, recruited from a longitudinal cohort study in 1997. Participants who received more than one lifetime major depressive disorder or anxiety disorders diagnosis were classified as the emotional disorder group (n=110), and others were grouped in the comparison group (n=79). Results: Our finding indicated that among the T-703G TT carriers, women who had experienced childhood maltreatment had a significantly higher probability of developing emotional disorders as compared to those who did not have such experiences. However, among the TG and, GG groups, this effect was not detected. Conclusion: As impied in the diathesis-stress model, the T-703G TT genotype might be considered a genetic susceptibility; when carriers are exposed to childhood maltreatment, this susceptibility will significantly increase their risk of emotional disorders.
Araragi, Naozumi. "Electrophysiological investigation of two animal models for emotional disorders - serotonin transporter knockout mice and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 knockout mice." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83265.
Full textSerotonin (5-HT) ist an der Regulation von der Emotionen, sowie ihrer pathologischen Zustände, wie Angststörungen und Depressionen beteiligt. Mäuse denen, mittels einer zielgerichteteten Deletion von Genen, die verschiedenste Proteine involviert in der zentralen serotonergen Nerotransmission fehlen, dienen daher als ein nützliches Tiermodell, um die Rolle dieser Mediatoren bei Homöostasemechanismen und der Entwicklung emotionaler Störungen beim Menschen zu verstehen. Im Rahmen dieser Thesis wurde eine Batterie von elektrophysiologischen Ableitungen im Hippocampus sowie in der dorsalen Raphe Nucleus (DRN) zweier Knockout-Mauslinien mit einem defizienten serotonergen Systems durchgeführt. Serotonintransporter Knockout-Mäuse (5-Htt KO), denen das Protein zur Wiederaufnahme von 5-HT aus dem extrazellulären Raum fehlt und Tryptophanhydroxylase 2 Knockout-Mäuse (Tph2 KO), denen das Gen für das 5-HT-synthetisierende Enzym im Gehirn fehlt. Zunächst wurde mittels der “loose-seal cell-attached” Aufnahmemethode die Eigenhemmung der serotonergen Neuronen untersucht, die durch 5-HT1A Rezeptoren in der DRN vermittelt wird. Stimulierung der 5-HT1A Rezeptoren durch einen selektiven Agonist, R-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (R-8-OH-DPAT), zeigte eine milde Sensibilisierung und eine deutliche Desensibilisierung dieser Rezeptoren in Tph2 KO bzw. in 5-Htt KO Mäusen. Während die Anwendung von Tryptophan, eine Vorstufe von 5-HT und ein Substrat der Tph2, keine Eigenhemmung, aufgrund des Mangels an endogen produziertem 5-HT, in Tph2 KO Mäusen verursachte, wiesen Daten von 5-Htt KO Mäusen sowie von heterozygoten Mäusen beider KO Mauslinien die Existenz der Eigenhemmungsmechanismen wie in den Wildtypen (WT) nach. Wurde der Tph2-abhängige Schritt im 5-HT Syntheseweg durch Anwendung von 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) umgangen, zeigten sowohl Tph2 KO als auch 5-Htt KO Mäuse eine Verminderung der serotonergen neuronalen Feuerungsrate bei niedrigeren Konzentrationen von 5-HTP im Vergleich zu den WT. Die erhöhte Reaktionsfähigkeit der serotonergen Neuronen von Tph2 KO Mäusen entsprechen der milden Sensibilisierung der 5-HT1A Rezeptoren. Stattdessen deuten die Reaktionen der serotonergen Neuronen von 5-Htt KO Mäusen darauf hin, dass das überschüssige Niveau von extrazellularem 5-HT, welches durch den Mangel an 5-Htt verursacht wird, 5-HT1A Rezeptoren stark genug stimuliert, um eine Desensibilisierung dieser Rezeptoren zu überwinden. Zweitens zeigten die Daten der whole-cell Patch Clamp Ableitung von serotonergen Neuronen im DRN keine Unterschiede in grundlegenden elektrophysiologischen Eigenschaften zwischen Tph2 KO und WT, außer niedrigen Membranwiderständen in KO Mäusen. Darüber hinaus zeigte die whole-cell Patch Clamp Ableitungen von CA1 Pyramidenzellen im Hippocampus der 5-Htt KO Mäuse eine erhöhte Leitfähigkeit sowohl bei Ruheständen als auch bei Aktionspotentialerzeugungen. Schließlich zeigte die Stärke der Langzeitpotenzierung (long-term potentiation: LTP) durch die Stimulation der Schaffer-Kollateralen/kommissuralen Fasern im ventralen Hippocampus keine Unterschiede zwischen Tph2 KO, 5-Htt KO, und jeweiligen WT. Zusammengefasst verursachten der Mangel und der Überschuss von extrazellularen 5-HT eine Sensibilisierung bzw. Desensibilisierung der autoinhibitorischen 5-HT1A Rezeptoren. Dies kann jedoch nicht direkt in die Regulierung von serotonergen Neuronen Feuerung umgesetzt werden, wenn die 5-HT1A Rezeptoren durch endogen synthetisiertes 5-HT stimuliert werden. Im Allgemeinen zeigten die hier untersuchten KO Mäuse, ein erstaunliches Maß an Widerstandskraft, die die allgemeinen elektrophysiologischen Eigenschaften und die normale LTP Induzierbarkeit trotz genetischer Manipulationen des zentralen serotonergen Systems aufrechterhielt. Weiterhin deutet dies auf die Existenz noch unbekannter Kompensationsmechanismen hin, die diese potentiellen Veränderungen abzudämpfen scheinen
Huang, Tzu-Heng, and 黃子恆. "The associations of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 and serotonin transporter genetic variances on social cognition in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86613970720016753338.
Full text國立成功大學
行為醫學研究所
97
Background: Impaired social cognition, particularly emotion management, is an essential feature of schizophrenia, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Serotonin (5-HT) transmission has been implicated in modulation of social cognition. Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2), the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-HT synthesis, and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) both regulate 5-HT neurotransmission. The current study aimed to investigate the genetic effects of TPH2 and 5-HTT on social cognition in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: One hundred and sixteen chronic schizophrenia patients were stabilized with antipsychotic treatment. They were genotyped for the rs4570625 (G-703T) SNP of TPH2 and SLC6A4 of 5-HTT and assessed by the managing emotion branch of Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), which is recommended by the National Institute of Mental Health as the sole measure of social cognition for schizophrenia. All were also measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results: T allele carriers of the TPH2 had better emotion management than the G/G homozygotes (p = 0.013). Long variant carriers of the 5-HTT also tended to do so than individuals with the s/s genotype (p = 0.07). Moreover, the two gene variances had additive effects on emotion management; patients carrying both T variant of TPH2 and long variant of 5-HTT showed the best emotion performance (p = 0.033). Conclusions: The findings suggest an additive effect of two critical genes in the 5-HT regulation on social cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia.
Chiu-ChanLai and 賴秋嬋. "Childcare Stress Mediates the Effects of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 Gene (TPH2) Polymorphism (C2755A) on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms of Women in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31950902619593575810.
Full text國立成功大學
行為醫學研究所
101
The tryptophan hydroxylase 2 Gene, TPH2, is related to serotonin synthesis of the human brain. Previous studies have verified the relation between gene polymorphism in serotonin system and postpartum depressive symptoms. In addition, the relationship between childcare stress events and postpartum depressive symptoms has also been proven in preceding researches. However, a comprehensive model of gene and distress levels about childcare in the formation process of postpartum depressive symptoms has not yet to be clarified. This research aimed to examine the influence of gene polymorphism (TPH2- C2755A) on the postpartum depressive symptoms among women through childcare distress level. Data were collected from the National Science Council’s grant on “Causes and Effects of Postpartum Depression, 1996” . A hundred and forty-seven women completed the whole research process. All of the women provided written informed consent. Women were invited during their 36 weeks of gestation and their blood was collected for testing a single nucleotide gene polymorphism. Postpartum depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-Chinese version and then distress levels of childcare stress were assessed by the Childcare Stress Inventory 8 weeks after delivery. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the TPH2 gene polymorphism C2755A predicted postpartum depressive symptoms, and was mediated through childcare stress distress levels. Women who had the gene polymorphism (TPH2- C2755A) with AC heterozygote experienced a higher degree of childcare stress and tended to have more serious symptoms of depression. Gene polymorphism (TPH2- C2755A) among women with different genotypes might have direct influences on the postpartum depressive symptoms through the distress levels of childcare. The present research indicated that the stressful events about childcare not only the women who had the gene polymorphism (TPH2- C2755A) with AC heterozygote but also the postpartum depressive women have the highest distress towards regarding childcare preparation and self-adjustment. It is highly suggested that clinical practitioners can provide postpartum depressive women health knowledge and care skills of newborn physical development, principles of timetable regulate, feeding strategies, and sleep health education.
Schallreuter, Karin U., Mohamed M. A. Salem, Nick C. Gibbons, A. Martinez, Radomir Slominski, J. Lüdemann, and Hartmut Rokos. "Blunted epidermal l-tryptophan metabolism in vitiligo affects immune response and ROS scavenging by Fenton chemistry, part 1: epidermal H2O2/ONOO−-mediated stress abrogates tryptophan hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase activities, leading to low serotonin and melatonin levels." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7436.
Full textVitiligo is characterized by a progressive loss of inherited skin color. The cause of the disease is still unknown. To date, there is accumulating in vivo and in vitro evidence for massive oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in the skin of affected individuals. Autoimmune etiology is the favored theory. Since depletion of the essential amino acid l-tryptophan (Trp) affects immune response mechanisms, we here looked at epidermal Trp metabolism via tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) with its downstream cascade, including serotonin and melatonin. Our in situ immunofluorescence and Western blot data reveal significantly lower TPH1 expression in patients with vitiligo. Expression is also low in melanocytes and keratinocytes under in vitro conditions. Although in vivo Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopy proves the presence of 5-hydroxytryptophan, epidermal TPH activity is completely absent. Regulation of TPH via microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and l-type calcium channels is severely affected. Moreover, dopa decarboxylase (DDC) expression is significantly lower, in association with decreased serotonin and melatonin levels. Computer simulation supports H2O2/ONOO−-mediated oxidation/nitration of TPH1 and DDC, affecting, in turn, enzyme functionality. Taken together, our data point to depletion of epidermal Trp by Fenton chemistry and exclude melatonin as a relevant contributor to epidermal redox balance and immune response in vitiligo.