Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tryptophane'
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Mrad, Yara. "The role of tryptophan dysregulation in a mouse model of migraine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0080.
Full textMigraine is a neurological disorder that affects over a billion individuals globally, primarily women. In 3% of patients, the frequency of migraine attacks increases, and from episodic, the migraine becomes chronic. The mechanisms of this chronicization are still uncertain, and migraine is still a tough condition to treat. Recent studies have suggested the involvement of L-tryptophan (L-Trp), an essential amino acid, and its metabolites in the pathophysiology of migraine. Indeed, deprivation of L-Trp aggravates the intensity of headaches, while its regular intake reduces the risk of attack. Our aim is to underatand the mechanism of the effect of Trp deregulation in migraine. To study the contribution of L-Trp in the chronicization of migraine as well as in the appearance of associated sensory symptoms (mechanical allodynia and photophobia) and the comorbidity of migraine with psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety). In addition, we explore the effect of L-Trp deficit on the efficacy of currently established anti-migraine medications
Pavlov, Nikola. "Synthèse asymétrique d’analogues de β2-tryptophane et application en synthèse peptidique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20186/document.
Full textTryptophan, an essential amino acid, both functions as a building block in protein biosynthesis and as a biochemical precursor. It is abundantly found in most biologically active peptides that exhibit various physiological properties in particular hormonal and antimicrobial activities. Some of its natural derivatives like serotonin, tryptamine, and also unnatural derivatives such as sumatriptan, have neurophysiologic effects. Tryptophan analogues are also important building blocks for the synthesis of peptidomimetics, natural products and biologically active compounds. Another important property of tryptophan and tryptophan analogues is related to the fluorescence of the indole ring that can be used to study conformational changes in protein and in protein-membrane interactions. The asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation of various indoles with a chiral nitroacrylate provides optically active beta-tryptophan analogues after reduction of the nitro group and removal of the chiral auxiliary. This reaction generally occurs in good yield and high diastereoselectivity (up to 90:10). We have established a new route to prepare enantiopure beta-tryptophan analogues ((S)-2-indolyl-beta-alanines). We showed that beta-nitroacrylate (R)-2 is a good chiral auxiliary for asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles. (R)-2-indolyl--alanines were obtained by the same synthetic route by using the chiral compound (S)-2. beta-tryptophan analogues are delivered in their N-Fmoc-protected form, ready to use for instance in solid phase peptide synthesis, which is one of the most popular method for peptide synthesis. This study provides a new example of asymmetric beta-tryptophan analogues preparation and further studies concerning their applications in medicinal chemistry and in organic synthesis are now in progress
Dubois, Laurent. "Synthese enantioselective de derives de tryptophane beta-carboline et tryptophane de haute affinite pour le recepteur des benzodiazepines." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112028.
Full textFavennec, Marie. "Etude de la voie des kynurénines dans l'obésité humaine." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S037/document.
Full textTryptophan, an essential amino acid, is either used in protein synthesis or metabolized via the serotonin or the kynurenine pathway. The kynurenine pathway is the main route of tryptophan degradation and generates several metabolites collectively called “kynurenines”. The expression of kynurenine pathway enzymes is induced by inflammatory mediators. Consequently kynurenine synthesis could be induced in individuals with obesity. In fact, obesity is characterized by a chronic low grade inflammation of the adipose tissue reflected by increased serum levels of inflammatory factors which are known to contribute to the development of obesity-induced insulino-resistance. Some metabolites of the kynurenine pathway have been proposed to be risk factors for the development of insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for severe obesity and results in a significant weight loss, a decreased level of inflammatory factors and an amelioration of glucose homeostasis. The first enzyme of the kynurenine pathway, IDO1, is known to be more expressed in the adipose tissue of individuals with obesity compared to lean individuals. The kynurenine over tryptophan ratio reflects the activity of IDO1 and is also increased in individuals with obesity.Our objective was to characterize the expression of the kynurenine pathway enzymes in the adipose tissue of women with severe obesity and to evaluate serum levels of the kynurenine pathway metabolites to determine whether these factors could be associated with the appearance of diabetes. This study was performed in women with severe obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. Then we investigated the consequences of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on levels of circulating kynurenines in order to evaluate whether these variations could explain the improvement in glucose control and type 2 diabetes remission after one year follow-up.In this study, we have shown that several kynurenine pathway enzymes were more expressed in the adipose tissue of women with obesity compared to lean controls. This increase is due to the presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the adipose tissue and also comes from the adipocyte response to inflammatory stimuli. In addition, we observed that the serum level of kynurenine and kynurenine over tryptophan ratio are higher in women with higher BMI and they both decrease one year after bariatric surgery. In addition, we observed that the serum level of kynurenine and kynurenine over tryptophan ratio are higher in women with higher BMI and they both decrease one year after bariatric surgery. As expected, bariatric surgery is associated with the improvement and even the remission of type 2 diabetes. We have shown that higher levels of kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid one year after the surgery are associated respectively with type 2 diabetes remission and better glucose homeostasis and that lower levels of xanthurenic acid are associated with better glucose homeostasis
BOULARAND, SYLVIANE. "Etude du gene de la tryptophane hydroxylase humaine." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077208.
Full textOlivier, Catherine. "Le syndrome "éosinophilie-myalgies" lié à la consommation de L. Tryptophane : à propos d'une observation." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11084.
Full textDelort, Jacques. "Etude de l'expression de la tryptophane hydroxylase de rat." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066091.
Full textDAREYS, BERNARD. "Le syndrome eosinophilie - myalgies par absorption de l-tryptophane : a propos de deux observations." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31033.
Full textGutknecht, Lise. "Syndrome autistique et système sérotoninergique : approche génétique, biochimique et clinique." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2031.
Full textRODOT, SYLVIE. "Le syndrome eosinophilie-myalgie lie au l-tryptophane : a propos d'un cas et revue de la litterature." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6821.
Full textTrézéguet, Véronique. "Etudes cinétiques de la réaction d'activation du tryptophane catalysée par la tryptophanyl-tARN synthétase de Escherichia coli et d'aminoacé du tARN Trp de bœuf catalysée par la tryptophanyk-tARN synthétase de bœuf." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR22020.
Full textBesnainou, Bernard. "Étude d’un procédé de production en continu de L. Tryptophane." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI125.
Full textPigault, Claire. "Photochimie du tryptophane en absence d'oxygene : mecanisme de photejection d'electron, photodegradation dans les proteines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13190.
Full textAskenazy-Gittard, Florence. "Impulsivite et serotonine chez l'adolescent : correlation transonographique entre l'impulsivite clinique et le taux de serotonine plaquettaire, le taux plasmatique de tryptophane libre et total, le rapport tryptophane total sur acides amines larges neutres." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE6594.
Full textVignau, Jean. "Régulation du métabolisme du tryptophane et comportement : implication de la kynurénine." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S028.
Full textChaker, Hichem. "Régulation de l'adaptation de la bactérie Pseudomonas aeruginosa à son hôte : implication des métabolites du tryptophane." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682876.
Full textDiker, Khalid. "Methodes de synthese en serie indolique : aminoacides non naturels, tetrahydro-beta-carbolines, azepino(4,5b)- et azocino-(4,5b)-indoles, indoloquinodimethanes, composes bis-indoliques macrocycliques." Reims, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REIMP207.
Full textSoichot, Marion. "Variabilité génétique du métabolisme du tryptophane et troubles du comportement sous alcool." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787884.
Full textDOUCEY, MARIE-AGNES. "La c-mannosylation du tryptophane : un nouveau type de glycosylation des proteines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13118.
Full textChaffotte, Alain-François. "Contribution à l'étude des mouvements conformationnels de la sous-unité β2 de la tryptophane synthase de E. Coli : utilisation des propriétés de fluorescence et de réactivité immunochimique." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112056.
Full textTrézéguet, Véronique. "Etudes cinétiques de la réaction d'activation du tryptophane catalysée par la tryptophanyl-tARN synthétase de Escherichia coli et d'aminoacylation du tARN Trp de boeuf catalysée par la tryptophanyl-tARN synthétase de boeuf." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601649m.
Full textGarnier, Florence. "Séparations énantiosélectives du tryptophane et de la kynurénine par des méthodes à membrane." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10263.
Full textGilot, Martine. "Traitements thermiques du tryptophane libre ou résiduel : incidences nutritionnelles, recherche du pouvoir mutagène." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20205.
Full textFradj, Slimane. "Synthèse de nouveaux marqueurs fluorescents de peptides dérivés du tryptophane : application à des analogues de la gastrine." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON13513.
Full textDivita, Gilles. "Approches structurale et fonctionnelle des tryptophanes de l'ATPase-F1 mitochondriale de la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe : fluorescence intrinsèque et modification chimique." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10186.
Full textTONELLI, ISABELLE. "Effets d'une privation et d'une supplementation aigues en tryptophane sur le comportement et l'humeur chez des sujets ages de plus de 60 ans." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6836.
Full textJeannin, Laurent. "Preparation de derives non naturels du tryptophane et leur utilisation dans la preparation de 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines et de derives peptidiques actifs sur les recepteurs de la cholecystokinine." Reims, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REIMP209.
Full textCACHERA, MOLINIER ISABELLE, and PHILIPPE CACHERA. "Syndrome eosinophilie-myalgies induit par la prise de l. Tryptophane : a propos d'une observation." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M339.
Full textFligny, Cécile. "Invalidation du gène TPH1 chez la souris : rôle de la sérotonine circulante et implication de la sérotonine maternelle dans la fonction cardiaque." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184157.
Full textSalam, Soha. "Inhibition sélective de l'expression de la tryptophane hydroxylase 2 in vivo : étude de la fonction des neurones sérotoninergiques des noyaux du raphé chez les rongeurs." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066580.
Full textBoulet-Le, Gouar Lysiane. "Etude de la voie catabolique du tryptophane dans différentes conditions pathologiques : exemple de la phénylcétonurie et perspectives dans les maladies cardiovasculaires Is tryptophan metabolism involved in sleep apnea-relatedcardiovascular co-morbidities and cancer progression? Neuropathology of Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and 8 metabolites in humanplasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV040.
Full textTryptophan (Trp) metabolism was investigated in various pathology, including cardiovascular diseases, cancerology and neurodegenerative diseases. Trp, an essential aminoacid, is catabolized into two major pathways: kynurenine (KYN) pathway represents 98% of Trp catabolism and is involved in cardiopathy and immune tolerance, as serotonin (5HT) pathway is implicated in depression and sleep. In this work, we have studied Trp pathway in phenylketonuria (PKU) and cardiovascular diseases.Firstly, we developed a simple method for quantification of Trp and 8 of its metabolites, involved in both KYN and 5HT pathways, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. This method, with a quick chromatographic runtime (15 min) and simple sample preparation, has been validated according to NF EN ISO 15189 criteria.Secondly, we explored Trp metabolism in phenylketonuria (OMIM 261600), a pathology caused by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme (EC 1.14.16.1), that catalyses hydroxylation of phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine. Early low-Phe diet treatment, results in the prevention of severe mental retardation (IQ < 50) seen in untreated PKU patients.Many similarities between Trp and Phe metabolisms exist: transporters, cofactor and chaperone enzyme, and inhibition of one pathway by metabolites of the other pathway. As some of these metabolites have neuroactive properties, they should be considered in neurological impairment seen in this pathology and not totally explained by blood Phe concentrations.We assessed here a change of Trp metabolism in 151 adult PKU patients, with diminution of plasmatic concentrations of KYN and 3-hydroxykynurenic acid (3HK) in PKU patients compared to general population (P < .0001). These modifications were modified by diet type.In third line, we evaluated Trp metabolism in cardiovascular diseases. Prevention of these diseases representes a serious public health issue, based on diminution of co-morbidities like obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This syndrome affects 6-17% of adults worldwide, and is characterized by complete or partial pharyngeal collapse, sleep fragmentation and increased respiratory efforts, resulting in intermittent hypoxia and low-grade inflammation. Recent studies have explored Trp metabolism in cardiovascular diseases, but mainly in epidemiologic studies. We highlighted here clinical and preclinical studies that we will conducted in this field, in the way to characterized Trp modification in treated or untreated OSA, intermittent hypoxia (animal model of OSA) and exercise training.Trp metabolism is clearly involved in various pathological conditions. In this work, we have highlighted its modification in PKU. Physiopathological impact of these modifications have to been explored in various pathologies
Mir, Hayatte-Dounia. "Influence de l'indole produit par le microbiote intestinal sur les comportements émotionnels chez la souris." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA041/document.
Full textDepression is the most spread neuropsychiatric disorder worldwide. It is a socio-economical burden and efficacy of the treatments is very limited. Mechanisms underlying this disorder are mainly unknown. However, a growing number of data has highlighted the potential role of gut microbiota dysbioses in the pathophysiology of depression. Particularly, an unbalance in the diversity and abundance of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota might be implicated. Indole is a tryptophan derivative produced by the gut microbiota. It is known to influence (i) the bacterial physiology and quorum sensing within the gut microbial ecosystem, (ii) the intestinal cells functioning, and (iii) some of its derivatives are known to affect the brain. The aim of this work is to investigate how an overproduction of indole by the gut microbiota can modulate the brain and behaviour in the context of depression and its main co-morbidity, anxiety. This thesis work contains 3 sections.In the first one, we investigated whether an intestinal microbiota dysbiosis leading to an overproduction of indole could confer vulnerability toward anxiety and depression. We also looked for potentially associated biochemical and molecular changes. A behavioural study in gnotobiotic mice overproducing or non producing indole showed the overproduction of indole exacerbated the anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviours induced by a chronic mild stress. Gene expression analysis in the adrenal glands showed chronically stressed mice overproducing indole up-regulated the expression of one gene implicated in adrenaline synthesis. Brain neurotransmitters quantification and gene expression in the brain and intestinal mucosa were also carried out. The second part of the thesis work focused on the brain neurocircuitry of indole. Conventional mice were force-fed with indole and the c-Fos protein was labelled by immunohistochemistry in all brain areas from brainstem to prefrontal cortex. In the third and last part, we modulated dietary tryptophan availability in the gastro-intestinal tract of mice, to study how this modulation could affect the composition and the indole production ability of the gut microbiota. The mice fecal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal tryptophan and indole concentrations were measured by HPLC.In summary, this work improves the understanding of the role of indole in the behavioural and neuro-endocrine responses to stress. This study also initiated the deciphering of brain circuits activated by indole. Finally, it brings some evidence about how modulating food digestibility can impact the gut microbiota composition and its indole production capacity
Augé, Christophe. "Synthèses en série tryptophane : dipeptides à visée anti-angiogénique et derivés C-2-mannosylés." Reims, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REIMP202.
Full text@As part of a collaboration with the CNRS UMR 6198 Unit, directed by Pr. François Xavier Maquart on the theme of angiogenesis, we used the Unit's knowledge related to indole and tryptophan's chemistry in the preparation of molecule likely to interfere in the angiogenesis process. In this project, we focused on two problems; first, our work was concentrated on dipeptide analogue (E-W): the IM862, following some evidence of its interesting anti-angiogenic activity. Secondly, we shift our focus on the preparation of an other tryptophan's derivative, the α-C-2-mannosyltryptophan. The objective of this synthesis is to study the structural role of the thrombospondins' tryptophan's mannosylation, a glycoproteins also involved in the angiogenesic process
Laronze-Cochard, Marie. "Nouveaux dérivés du tryptophane et du carbazole : préparation et utilisations d'intermédiaires indolo-2,3-quinodiméthanes." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMP207.
Full textCANDITO, VALLAURI MIRANDE. "Etude circadienne de substances neuro-hormonales circulantes dans la depression : noradrenaline, tryptophane, serotonine, cortisol." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22966.
Full textRogemont, Christophe. "Etude pharmacologique d'un inducteur de sommeil, analogue du tryptophane : la beta-(naphtyl-1)-alanine." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0099.
Full text[Beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine is an analog of tryptophan, the serotonin precursor. Previous experiments in our laboratory have shown that, in vitro, this amino-acid was an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase which catalyse respectively the limiting step of serotonin and catecholamines synthesis. Therefore, the action of beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine on the rat sleep-wake cycle and on the serotonergic and catecholamine systems involved in the sleep-wakefulness regulation has been studied. The racemic compound increases the SWS duration, reflecting probably a pharmacological action. The parallel reduction of PS duration observed may be link to the side effects (hypotherrnia) induced by this agent. Moreover the L and D enantiomers affect SWS and PS similarly. The pharmaco-cinetic study shows chat DL beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine crosses the blood-brain barrier and uniformly distributed within the brain. The serotonin metabolism and symhesis are modified in the cellular bodies as weil as in the serotonergic terminais. This action wouldn't be due to variations of tryptophan hydroxylase intrinsic activity but rather to variations of cerebral tryptophan concentration. In contrast, DL beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine have little effect on dopamine metabolism. Moreover, this tryptophan analog doesn't affect the binding of H-ketanserin (antagonist SHT2) or H-spiperone (antagonist D2) on cortical and striatal membranes, in vitro or ex vivo. The hypnotic effects of beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine don't seem to involve serotonergic or dopaminergic mecanisms. ]
Kabambi, Kasandji Freddy. "Effect of a histidine-tryptophane-ketoglutarate solution on coagulation as measured by a thromboelastogram." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23652.
Full textMélançon, Michel O. "Exercice d'endurance, disponibilité du tryptophane au cerveau & électrophysiologie du sommeil chez l'homme âgé." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6687.
Full textPigault, Claire. "Photochimie du tryptophane en absence d'oxygène mécanisme de photoéjection d'électrons, photodégradation dans les protéines /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600415h.
Full textBechara, Chérine. "Molecular and structural aspects of cell-penetrating peptides membrane crossing." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066324.
Full textCell penetrating peptides (CPPs) had emerged over the past two decades as a new class of molecular carriers and promising tools as drug delivery systems. Nevertheless, in order to efficiently use CPPs for targeted delivery, two major points need to be clarified: the mechanism used for the entry and the final cellular localization. In this context, the present work aims to a better understanding of the molecular interactions between basic CPPs and the plasma membrane components, which might be involved in CPP internalization via different mechanisms. Our results show that a better affinity to cellular membranes does not correlate to a better efficacy of internalization, and thus the negatively charged sialic acids were more of inert captors of basic CPPs. On the other hand, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were shown to be efficiently implicated in the peptide entry via clustering, which was higher in the case of tryptophan-containing basic CPPs compared to peptides with no tryptophan residues. However, a critical number of arginine residues can compensate for the absence of tryptophan. The presence of tryptophan led to the formation of -strand structures in complex to GAGs. Furthermore, we show that sphingomyelin hydrolysis and generation of ceramide-enriched domains enhanced the uptake of CPPs, which was more pronounced in wild-type cells compared to cells deficient in GAGs. The enhancement of the peptide entry was by far more important for peptides containing tryptophan residues, demonstrating that generation of ceramide-enriched domains or hydrolysis of sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane increase the uptake of basic CPPs, mainly by increasing GAG-clustering
Dardennes, Emmanuel. "Etudes de la stéréosélectivité de la réaction de Yonemitsu. Nouvelles voies multicomposant vers la synthèse de dérivés indoliques, polyfonctionnalisés." Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMP205.
Full textYonemitsu trimolecular condensation reaction between indole, different aldehydes and Meldrum's acid was usually employed in the laboratory for the synthesis of ß-substituted tryptophanes. Recently by using of chiral aldehyde like glyceraldehyde a high diastereoselectivity was observed. Stereoselectivity of the reaction could be generalized to different chiral aldehydes as Garner's aldehyde and polyhydroxylated sugar derived aldehydes. It was found that the newly created chiral center could be influenced by the configuration of a and/or ß positions (relative to aldehyde). Extension of the trimolecular condensation to malonic type derivatives was realized in the presence of TiCl4 catalyst. Different chiral compounds obtained in this study were used for the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted tetrahydro-ß-carbolines. Pictet-Spengler cyclisation was higly diastereoselective. Several approaches were tried toward indole analog of pancratistatine starting from trimolecular condensation products obtained with polyfunctionalized chiral aldehydes
Poncet, Ludovic. "L'acclimatation à l'hypoxie de longue durée chez le rat : aspects neurochimiques et chronobiologiques." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T071.
Full textThévenot, Etienne. "Mutagenèse conditionnelle dans le système sérotoninergique central de la souris par transfert viral de la recombinase Cre." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066318.
Full textBerchiche, Mokrane. "Valorisation des protéines de la féverole par le lapin en croissance." Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT009A.
Full textPérot-Taillandier, Marie. "Dynamique de photofragmentation de molécules d'intérêt biologique protonées." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112204/document.
Full textThe Arc-En-Ciel experiment allows the investigation of UV photo-fragmentation dynamics of protonated biomolecules produced by an electrospray ion source. The specificity of the set-up is based on the detection in coincidence of ionic and neutral photo-fragments coming from the same fragmentation event. The study of simple charged molecules allows the identification of each fragmentation channel by the mass of the emitted ionic fragment. With the time and spatial correlation of the information of detected photo-fragments we identify:- the number of neutral fragments as well as their masses associated with each ionic fragment- the number of fragmentation steps of each channel as well as their fragmentation times (20 ns ≤ τ < 1 μs)This information provides a comprehensive understanding of the photo-fragmentation dynamics.The photo-fragmentation dynamics of protonated Tryptophan is driven by concerted electron and proton transfers in the excited state. When protonated Tryptophan is complexed witha crown-ether, proton transfers are inhibited and dynamics is modified.The excited state dynamics of small protonated peptides containing Tryptophan is governed by the position of Tryptophan in the peptide chain. The specific fragmentation channels involved are explained by concerted electron and proton transfers. We show how these mechanisms change with the composition of peptides
Miralles, Guillaume. "Conception et synthèse de nouveaux outils chimiques pour l'étude des phosphoprotéines et la caractérisation de la liaison d'un ligand à son récepteur par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20196/document.
Full textSince the advent of soft ionization techniques such as MALDI or ESI, mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool for the study of biomolecules, and particularly proteins. The specific ionization mechanism of MALDI leads to a spectral discrimination phenomenon generally regarded as a restriction. The α-cyano 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (HCCA) pattern grafting on a peptide can take advantage by introducing a spectral discrimination in favor of the labeled compound. Two applications have been developed during this thesis, based on HCCA tagging.A limitation of phosphoproteomic studies is the low ionization of phosphorylated peptides. Many purification methods have been reported to circumvent this problem. We studied an alternative approach which consists in specifically grafting a HCCA moiety on a phosphorylated position in order to amplify the signal of interest peptide.At the same time, we have developed a methodology for the study of ligand peptidic binding to its receptor which does not require radioactivity. The covalent HCCA tagged ligand has allowed us to detect and quantify it, in a binding displacement assay. More particularly, this methodology allowed us to determine the affinity of a reference ligand for the V1A vasopressin receptor
Jaglin, Mathilde. "Axe intestin-cerveau : effets de la production d’indole par le microbiote intestinal sur le système nerveux central." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112312/document.
Full textThe gastro-intestinal tract hosts a complex microbial community, the gut microbiota, whose collective genome coding capacity vastly exceeds that of the host genome. The involvement of the gut microbiota in various aspects of the host physiology, such as the nutritional metabolism and the immunity, has long been studied. In contrast, the possible action of the gut microbiota on brain development and functioning is a new line of research, still poorly explored. In this context, we performed a first general study of the effect of gut microbiota on the brain by comparing the sensory-motor functions, the anxiety-like behaviour, the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the brain monoamine profile in germ-free and conventional F344 rats. The results show that, in this particularly stress-sensitive strain, absence of gut microbiota exacerbates the anxiety-like behaviour and neuroendocrine response to stress, and reduces brain dopamine metabolism. To investigate the means by which the microbiota can affect the brain, a second study was conducted, targeting a specific bacterial metabolite, indole, whose oxidative derivatives, produced by the liver, are known to have neuroactive properties. Indole is a natural metabolite of the gut microbiota, whoseoverproduction could occur during a microbiota dysbiosis. Two conditions of overproduction, namely chronic and acute, were modelled. In both cases, significant changes in the behaviour of the host were observed. In chronic overproduction, indole promotes anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, while acute overproduction has a marked sedative effect. From a mechanistic point of view, we confirm that indole can act on the central nervous system through its oxidized derivatives and show for the first time that it can also act by activating the brain nuclei of the vagus nerve
Darmon, Michèle. "La tryptophane hydroxylase de rat : isolement de clones adnc et etude de l'expression du gene." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077027.
Full textSasse, Jörg. "Plasmakonzentrationen von Prolaktin, Cortisol, Thyreotropin, Trijodthyronin und Thyroxin bei Schlafentzug-Respondern unter Tryptophan-Depletion im Rahmen einer endogenen Depression." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14484.
Full textThe present double-blind and placebo-controlled study was designed to analyse the impact of sleep-deprivation under tryptophane-depletion in depressed patients on hormones, e.g. prolactine, cortisol, TSH, T3, and T4. Current data support the hypothesis that sleep-deprivation might act as an antidepressant by serotonergic pathways. Thus, alterations of these relevant humoral parameters could expected by decreased serotonergic activity after tryptophane-depletion. We investigated 22 depressed patients who responded to one night of sleep-deprivation. Tryptophane-depletion led to a blunted increase of prolactine and TSH, whereas cortisol plasma-level revealed a blunted decrease. No difference between tryptophane-depletion and placebo could be spot concerning neither T3 nor T4. Our results support the idea that serotonergic pathways might be involved in the interactions following sleep-deprivation, but cannot explain the complex alterations of the aforementioned hormones alone.
Legault, Geneviève. "Influence du tryptophane sur le pouvoir pathogène de Streptomyces scabiei, l'agent causal de la gale commune de la pomme de terre." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4877.
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