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Journal articles on the topic 'TSH Secreting Pituitary Adenomas'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Skinner, Monica M., Ralf Nass, Beatriz Lopes, Edward R. Laws, and Michael O. Thorner. "Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Expression in Human Pituitary Tumors1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 83, no. 12 (1998): 4314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.12.5307.

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The GH secretagogue (GHS) receptor (GHS-R) has been characterized and cloned. It is a member of a family of seven transmembrane receptors and is closely related to the neurotensin and TRH receptors. To determine the expression of this receptor in normal anterior pituitary and in 24 human pituitary adenomas, we analyzed GHS-R messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) using a RT-PCR assay. We found that normal human pituitary was positive for the GHS-R signal. In addition, all GH-secreting adenomas and the one TSH-secreting adenoma demonstrated the presence of GHS-R mRNA. Three of four ACTH-secreting tu

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Tkachuk, Arina V., Tatiana A. Grebennikova, Anastasiya M. Lapshina, Victoria P. Vladimirova, Zhanna E. Belaya, and Galina A. Melnichenko. "TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma in combination with primary hypothyroidism in the outcome of Hashimoto’s disease: diagnostic difficulties." Clinical and experimental thyroidology 14, no. 3 (2018): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/ket10021.

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Despite the fact that pituitary adenomas are among the most frequent brain tumours, TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas (thyrotropinomas) are less than 1% of all adenomas. Due to the increase in the free fractions of thyroid hormones at normal or elevated TSH levels, the majority of patients with these pituitary adenomas have a long anamnesis of thyrotoxicosis which requires a differential diagnosis with thyroid pathology (Graves’ disease, toxic adenoma, autonomously functioning thyroid nodules). The diagnosis of the thyrotropinoma is quite challenging for clinicians. This article describes the c

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Dzeranova, L. K., A. S. Shutova, E. A. Pigarova, et al. "Long action somatostatin analogues in patients with TSH-secreted pituitary adenomas: treatment experience." Obesity and metabolism 18, no. 4 (2022): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet12768.

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Thyrotoxicosis, which characteristics are increased excitability, emotional lability, tachycardia episodes, increasing of free fractions of tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) is one of the most common endocrinological syndromes. However, during the interpretation of thyroid status it is very important to take into account the possibility that a patient has TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Timely diagnosis of TSH-secreting adenomas plays prominent role in guiding the treatment course since it is associated with an improvement of long-term prognosis and an increase of the patient’

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4

Richard, Seidu A,, Songping Zheng, Chuanfen Lei, Fu Wei, Xiao Yang, and Cai Bowen. "Refractory Transposing Hyperthyroid Disorder Inducing Tsh-secreting Pituitary Adenoma: A Case Report and Literature Review." Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine 7, no. 2 (2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.7n.2p.64.

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Introduction: TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSH-sPAs) or thyrotropinomas are very rare forms of pituitary adenomas (PAs). Although several authors have presented single cases or case series on this occurrence, only few authors have indicated that hyperthyroidism heralded the pathogenesis of TSH-sPA. We also present a case of refractory transposing hyperthyroid disorder inducing TSH-sPA. Case Presentation: We present a 47-year-old woman with 20 years’ history hyperthyroidism and a visible anterior neck swelling with normal TSH. She was put on anti-thyroid medications that transposed her hyp

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5

Souza, Paulyanara Monique Alves de, Jefferson Ricardo Rodrigues Morais, Karla Vanessa Rodrigues Morais, Josué Da Silva Brito, and Talitha Araújo Faria. "Adenoma hipofisário secretor de TSH: uma revisão sistemática / TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma: a systematic review." Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo 65, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26432/1809-3019.2020.65.035.

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Introdução: Os adenomas hipofisários são tumores caracterizados pela proliferação de células adeno-hipofisárias produtoras de hormônios tróficos. Dentre eles, os adenomas hipofisários produtores de TSH (TSHomas), neoplasias benignas pouco frequentes, que correspondem a menos do que 3% dos adenomas hipofisários. Método: Pesquisamos os termos TSHomas, tireotropinomas e adenomas pituitários secretores de TSH nas bases Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo. Incluímos artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2020, sendo excluídos relatos de casos, artigos indisponíveis e que não tratavam sobre o tema. Resultados e discus

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6

Clarke, Michelle J., Dana Erickson, M. Regina Castro, and John L. D. Atkinson. "Thyroid-stimulating hormone pituitary adenomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 1 (2008): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/7/0017.

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Object Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)–secreting pituitary adenomas are rare, representing < 2% of all pituitary adenomas. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with TSH-secreting or clinically silent TSH-immunostaining pituitary tumors among all pituitary adenomas followed at their institution between 1987 and 2003. Patient records, including clinical, imaging, and pathological and surgical characteristics were reviewed. Twenty-one patients (6 women and 15 men; mean age 46 years, range 26–73 years) were identified. Of these, 10 patients had a history of clini

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Kostyleva, D. N., P. M. Khandaeva, A. M. Lapshina, et al. "Clinical case of plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (STH/ACTH/TSH/FSH/LH-secreting), diagnostic pitfalls." Problems of Endocrinology 70, no. 4 (2024): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl13349.

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According to numerous studies, the most common pituitary tumors are prolactinomas, reaching 60% of all clinically significant adenomas, the next in order are non-functional pituitary adenomas, somatotropinomas, corticotropinomas and thyrotropinomas. Plurigormonal tumors occur in less than 1% of all pituitary adenomas. The most common form of mixed secretion adenoma in this patient population, derived from the Pit-1 cell line, produces various combinations of hormones: growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This article presents a patient with a plurihormonal t

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Delhase, M., P. Vergani, A. Malur, et al. "Pit-1/GHF-1 expression in pituitary adenomas: further analogy between human adenomas and rat SMtTW tumours." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 11, no. 2 (1993): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0110129.

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ABSTRACT Adenomas can develop from each cell type of the anterior pituitary. In the normal pituitary, three of these cell types, the GH-, prolactin- and TSH-secreting cells, express the transcription factor Pit-1/GHF-1 which is responsible for prolactin and GH (and probably TSH) cell commitment, differentiation, probably proliferation and gene expression. We have analysed the expression of Pit-1/GHF-1 in a panel of human pituitary adenomas. All GH-, prolactin- and TSH-expressing adenomas studied expressed the Pit-1/GHF-1 factor, as demonstrated by in-situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.

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Telegina, M. A., and Zh E. Belaya. "Rare forms of thyrotoxicosis: thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 102, no. 4 (2024): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2024-102-4-291-296.

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Thyrotoxicosis most often occurs due to autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland or a multi-nodular toxic goiter, but it can also be caused by TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas. In the presence of these adenomas, the levels of circulating free T3 and T4 increase in the absence of suppression, even with elevated TSH levels. Incorrect interpretation of results from studies that only measure TSH can lead to erroneous diagnoses and management strategies for patients, including unnecessary surgery or radioactive iodine therapy. This can contribute to the growth of pituitary tumors. Various tests hav

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Illouz, Frédéric, Philippe Chanson, Emmanuel Sonnet, et al. "Somatostatin receptor ligands induce TSH deficiency in thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma." European Journal of Endocrinology 184, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-0484.

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Objective Somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) are useful to control central hyperthyroidism in patients with thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSH pituitary adenoma). The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of thyrotropin deficiency (TSH deficiency) in patients with TSH pituitary adenoma treated by SRL. Design Retrospective study. Methods Patients with central hyperthyroidism due to TSH pituitary adenoma treated by short or long-acting SRL were retrospectively included. TSH deficiency was defined by a low FT4 associated with non-elevated TSH concentrations during SRL therapy

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Webb, Susan M., Mercedes Rigla, Anna Wägner, Bartolomé Oliver, and Frederic Bartumeus. "Recovery of Hypopituitarism after Neurosurgical Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84, no. 10 (1999): 3696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.10.6019.

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Abstract Surgery is the treatment of choice for many pituitary tumors; pituitary function may suffer after operation, but relief of pressure on the normal pituitary may also favor postoperative recovery of hypo-pituitarism. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of new appearance and recovery of hypopituitarism after neurosurgery and try to identify features associated with it. Pre- and postoperative anterior pituitary functions were investigated in 234 patients with pituitary adenomas (56 nonfunctioning, 71 PRL-secreting, 66 GH-secreting, 39 ACTH-secreting, 1 LH/FSH-secreting,

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Sakata, Kiyohiko, Kana Fujimori, Satoru Komaki, et al. "Pituitary Gangliocytoma Producing TSH and TRH: A Review of “Gangliocytomas of the Sellar Region”." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 10 (2020): 3109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa474.

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Abstract Purpose Pituitary gangliocytomas (GCs) are rare neuronal tumors that present with endocrinological disorders, such as acromegaly, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, and Cushing’s disease. Most pituitary GCs coexist with pituitary adenomas pathologically and are diagnosed as mixed gangliocytoma-adenomas. Herein, we report a case of 45-year-old man who presented with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (SITSH) and discuss the pathogenesis of pituitary GCs. Methods Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging showed an 8-mm homogeneous and poorly enhanced mass i

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Saeger, Wolfgang, and Arend Koch. "Clinical Implications of the New WHO Classification 2017 for Pituitary Tumors." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 129, no. 03 (2021): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1310-7900.

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AbstractAccording to the WHO classification 2017 of Pituitary Tumors adenomas are classified not only by structure and immunostaining for pituitary hormones but also by expression of the pituitary transcription factors Pit-1, T-pit and SF-1. By these factors, three cell lineages can be identified: Pit-1 for the GH-, Prolactin- and TSH-cell lineage, T-pit for the ACTH-cell lineage, and SF-1 for the gonadotrophic cell lineage. By this principle, all GH and/or Prolactin producing and all TSH producing adenomas must be positive for Pit-1, all corticotrophic adenomas for T-pit, and all gonadotrophi

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Colao, Annamaria, Mariagiovanna Filippella, Rosario Pivonello, Carolina Di Somma, Antongiulio Faggiano, and Gaetano Lombardi. "Combined therapy of somatostatin analogues and dopamine agonists in the treatment of pituitary tumours." European Journal of Endocrinology 156, suppl_1 (2007): S57—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02348.

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Pituitary tumours express both somatostatin and dopamine receptors. Medical treatment with somatostatin analogues is a cornerstone of GH- and TSH-secreting tumours, while treatment with dopamine agonists is a cornerstone of prolactin-secreting tumours. Dopamine agonists have also demonstrated some efficacy in patients with GH- and TSH-secreting adenomas. Neither ACTH-secreting nor clinically non-functioning tumours have a well-established medical treatment. Nevertheless, some recent results have indicated a potential usefulness of the dopamine agonist cabergoline in patients with pituitary-dep

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Tagami, Tetsuya, Takeshi Usui, Akira Shimatsu та ін. "Aberrant Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptor β Isoform May Cause Inappropriate Secretion of TSH in a TSH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, № 6 (2011): E948—E952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2496.

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Context: Patients with TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHoma) show inappropriate secretion of TSH; serum TSH levels are not suppressed despite high serum free thyroid hormone levels. The mechanism of a defect in negative regulation of TSH in a TSHoma is still unclear. Objective: Recently, we cloned a novel thyroid hormone receptor β isoform (TRβ4) from a human pituitary library. To elucidate the clinical significance of TRβ4, we investigated the expression of this isoform in TSHoma. Methods: RT-PCR was performed to detect TRβ isoforms such as TRβ1, TRβ2, and TRβ4 using RNA obtained from sur

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Takamizawa, Tetsuya, Kazuhiko Horiguchi, Yasuyo Nakajima, et al. "Central Hypothyroidism Related to Pituitary Adenomas: Low Incidence of Central Hypothyroidism in Patients With Acromegaly." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 10 (2019): 4879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00466.

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Abstract Context The most frequent cause of central hypothyroidism (CeH) is pituitary adenomas, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Objective We investigated serum thyroid levels and GH/IGF-1 in central hypothyroidism in untreated patients with pituitary nonfunctioning and GH-secreting adenomas. Design This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of cases collected from Gunma University and Toranomon Hospitals between 2007 and 2016. Patients One-hundred thirty-nine cases of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) and 150 cases of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) were analyzed. Main Outco

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Lupi, Isabella, Luca Manetti, Patrizio Caturegli, et al. "Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes But Not Serum Pituitary Antibodies Are Associated with Poor Clinical Outcome after Surgery in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 95, no. 1 (2010): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-1583.

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Abstract Context: Serum pituitary antibodies (Pit Abs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been described in pituitary adenomas, but their clinical significance remains unknown. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess Pit Abs and TILs prevalence in pituitary adenomas and their influence on clinical outcome. Design: This was a prevalence case-control study. Patients and Setting: Two hundred ninety-one pituitary adenoma cases (110 non-secreting, 30 ACTH-69 GH-71 prolactin- and 13 TSH-secreting adenoma; 177 operated and 114 untreated), 409 healthy controls, and 14 autoimmun

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Morris, Damian G., Blerina Kola, Ninetta Borboli, et al. "Identification of Adrenocorticotropin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Human Pituitary and Its Loss of Expression in Pituitary Adenomas." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88, no. 12 (2003): 6080–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-022048.

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Abstract The ACTH receptor (ACTH-R) is the second member of the melanocortin (MC-2) receptor family that includes five seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors and has been shown to be predominantly expressed in the adrenal cortex. It has been postulated that ACTH may regulate its own secretion through ultra-short-loop feedback within the pituitary. ACTH-secreting adenomas are characterized by resistance to glucocorticoid feedback, and they may have dysregulated ACTH feedback. We therefore investigated the ACTH-R in normal and adenomatous human pituitary tissue. We report here the ident

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AlNasrallah, Noor, Maryam Almurshed, Khaled Aljenaee, and Sulaiman Hajji. "Clinically Functioning FSH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A577—A578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1178.

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Abstract Background: Gonadotroph adenomas are the most common type of non-functioning pituitary adenomas. However functioning gonadotroph adenomas are rare with only a few cases reported in literature. Clinical Case: A 42-year old man was admitted as a case of COVID-19 when an incidental finding of a pituitary gland mass was detected. Upon evaluation, the patient was found to have blurred vision and dizziness since few years, however no history of headache, seizures, visual field deficit were reported, nor clear symptoms related to anterior pituitary hypo- or hyperfunction. Pituitary MRI revea

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Socin, HV, P. Chanson, B. Delemer, et al. "The changing spectrum of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas: diagnosis and management in 43 patients." European Journal of Endocrinology 148, no. 4 (2003): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1480433.

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OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to report the recent changes in diagnosis and management of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas. METHODS: We retrieved 43 consecutive patients with TSH-secreting pituitary tumors (23 male and 20 female) among 4400 pituitary adenomas followed between 1976 and 2001 in six Belgian and French centers. RESULTS: TSH was elevated in 18/43 and alpha subunit in 13/32 patients. In patients with intact thyroid (n=30), mean free tri-iodothyronine was 13.1 pmol/l (range 3.5-23) and mean free thyroxine was 38.4 pmol/l (range 10.2-62.7). Hyperprolactinemia and acromegaly were associated i

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Saand, Aisha R., Monica Flores, Sura Alqaisi, and Ossama Lashin. "Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma Successfully Treated With Cabergoline." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A967—A968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1977.

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Abstract Background: Thyrotropin secreting pituitary adenomas (TSH-oma) account for less than 1% of pituitary adenomas and are a rare cause of hyperthyroidism. In this case, we describe the safe use of cabergoline with the subsequent achievement of euthyroid levels and the resolution of symptoms. Clinical Case: A 67-year-old female with a presumed history of hypothyroidism for the last 3 years managed with Armour thyroid was referred for fatigue associated with palpitations, intermittent diarrhea, insomnia, and anxiety. Her TSH was noted to be suppressed at that time, and her Amour thyroid was

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Petrik, Galina G., Elena D. Kosmacheva, Ulya I. Polyakova, Svetlana V. Butaeva, Ludmila Ya Rozhinskaya, and Zhanna E. Belaya. "TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma: late diagnosis and effectiveness of therapy." Problems of Endocrinology 63, no. 1 (2017): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201763139-45.

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The modern therapeutic and diagnostic algorithms allow timely detection of pituitary disorder to prescribe adequate treatment. Meanwhile, when interpreting the thyroid status, physicians need to take into account the extremely rare but the actually existing possibility of central thyrotoxicosis. The worldwide practice shows that diagnosis of this condition is rather challenging. We report a clinical case of a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma in a 47-year-old female who received a long-term thyrostatic therapy for thyrotoxicosis. The patient was diagnosed with Graves’ disease; however, thy

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Bdour, Karam, Rania A, Al Asad, et al. "A case report: TSh-oma in patient with Down syndrome." Endocrinology&Metabolism International Journal 12, no. 1 (2024): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/emij.2024.12.00339.

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Tsh-oma or Thyrotropinoma is a condition in which there is a pituitary adenoma that secretes TSH in an autonomous fashion, resulting in hyperthyroidism with its clinical aspects and complications. It is a very a rare condition comprising less than 0.1% of pituitary adenomas. The diagnosis and evaluation of Tsh-oma are challenging, as the clinical manifestations and the biochemical profile resemble the thyroid hormone resistance syndromes. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disease (trisomy 21) manifested in clinical, physical, and developmental imp

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Maliakal, Alvin, McAnto Antony, Bethany Ann Jackson, and Anu Alvin Mathew. "Growth Hormone (GH) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Co-Secreting Pituitary Macroadenoma." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A584—A585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1192.

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Abstract Background: TSH secreting pituitary adenomas are rare and accounts for 0.5-3% of all pituitary adenomas. Only 20-25% of those adenomas co-secrete other hormones like growth hormone or prolactin. Mixed GH and TSH secreting adenomas present with symptoms from tumor growth and features of both acromegaly and hyperthyroidism. Clinical Case: A 57 years old woman with a past medical history of chronic joint pains and bilateral knee swelling presented to her PCP with complaints of chronic fatigue. Evaluation revealed a normal TSH level and MNG and patient did not have any further work-up. Sh

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Elsheikh, Arwa Mahmoud, G. Edward Vates, and Ismat Shafiq. "A Rare Case of Thyrotropin Secreting Pituitary Macroadenoma Primarily Treated With Somatostatin Analogue." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1158.

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Abstract Introduction/Background: Thyrotropin secreting pituitary adenomas (TSH-oma) are a rare cause of hyperthyroidism. They account for &lt;1% of the cases of hyperthyroidism with a reported incidence of 2.8 per 1 million in Sweden. Diagnosis is suspected by the presence of elevated T4 and T3 in the setting of an unsuppressed TSH level. The presence of large pituitary adenoma is highly suggestive of the diagnosis and can be differentiated from thyroid hormone resistance by elevated alpha subunit and SHBG levels. Trans-sphenoidal surgery is the definitive treatment. Peri-operative medica

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Beck-Peccoz, P., C. Giavoli, and A. Lania. "A 2019 update on TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas." Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 42, no. 12 (2019): 1401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40618-019-01066-x.

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Popli, Rakesh, and Mayumi Endo. "An Atypical Case of TSH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma in a Patient Presenting With Low Libido and Insomnia." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A571—A572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1165.

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Abstract Background: TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma is an incredibly rare cause of hyperthyroidism. Most patients with TSHomas present with clinical hyperthyroidism, but some patients may have atypical signs. Here we present the case of a patient who had been suffering from low libido and insomnia who was found to have secondary hyperthyroidism from a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Clinical Case: A 47-year-old man presented with complaints of progressive headache, fatigue, depression, insomnia, low libido and erectile dysfunction. After questioning, he noted the presence of intentional trem

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Dutta, Aditya, Nimisha Jain, Ashutosh Rai, et al. "The outcome of TSHoma from a tertiary care institute in India." Surgical Neurology International 12 (April 14, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_877_2020.

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Background: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSHoma) is the rarest functioning pituitary adenoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis of eight patients of TSHomas to highlight the presentations, diagnostic challenges, and treatment outcomes. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 42 years, median latency to diagnosis was 2.5 years, and thyrotoxic and compressive symptoms were the most common presenting symptoms. At presentation, three cases were plurihormonal, six cases were on medical treatment including thyroxine, and two cases were incidentally discovered. Imaging

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Mohammad, Helai P., Rula A. Abbud, Al F. Parlow, Jonathan S. Lewin, and John H. Nilson. "Targeted Overexpression of Luteinizing Hormone Causes Ovary-Dependent Functional Adenomas Restricted to Cells of the Pit-1 Lineage." Endocrinology 144, no. 10 (2003): 4626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0357.

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The majority of pituitary adenomas in humans are nonmetastasizing, monoclonal neoplasms that occur in approximately 20% of the general population. Their development has been linked to a combination of extrinsic factors and intrinsic defects. We now demonstrate with transgenic mice that targeted and chronic overexpression of LH causes ovarian hyperstimulation and subsequent hyperproliferation of Pit-1-positive cells that culminates in the appearance of functional pituitary adenomas ranging from focal to multifocal expansion of lactotropes, somatotropes, and thyrotropes. Tumors fail to develop i

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Aamir, Muhammad Salman, Tahir Ghaffar, Muhammad Qasim, Mian Sameer Ahmed, Afrasiyab Khalil, and Ali Sibtain. "TSHOMA: A RARE PITUITARY TUMOR." KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 13, Suppl. 1 (2021): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2021.22223.

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INTRODUCTION: TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHoma) or thyrotropinoma are rare pituitary tumors that secrete an abnormal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which constitutes up to 1%–2% of all pituitary adenomas. Patients often remain misdiagnosed for years. This case is reported to emphasize the importance of diagnosing it early and accurately to ensure timely management and relief of symptoms before perpetual damage is done. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of a 29 years old patient from Peshawar, Pakistan who was referred to Endocrine unit Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar for t

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Safi, Somaya, Yousra Benabdelfedil, Sara Derrou, and Faycal El Guendouz. "Simultaneous Coexistence of Thyrotropin-Prolactin-Secreting Adenoma and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2021 (November 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6564765.

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Background. The thyrotropin-secreting adenomas are very rare and even more rare when they simultaneously coexist with thyroid carcinoma. So far, only sixteen cases have been reported in the literature. Here, we present a unique case of successful management of a concurrent case of thyrotropin-prolactinoma with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Case Presentation. A 50-year-old Moroccan woman underwent a total thyroidectomy and complementary totalization by iratherapy for papillary thyroid carcinoma, who presented persistence of an inappropriate secretion of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH >

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Hatta, Siti Nabihah Mohamed, Husna Rosleli, Jo-An Ng, Ooi Chuan Ng, and Vickneswaran A/L Maramuthu. "THYROTOXICOSIS WITH DISCORDANT THYROID FUNCTION TESTS." Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 40, S1 (2025): 20. https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.040.s1.028.

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INTRODUCTIONThyrotoxicosis can lead to life-threatening complications, including thyroid storm and thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy. Discordant thyroid function tests (TFTs) in severe thyrotoxicosis raise suspicion for atypical causes such as assay interference, pituitary pathology, or ectopic thyrotropin (TSH) secretion. CASEA 29-year-old male presented with a two-week history of cough, dyspnea, and palpitations. On admission, he was hemodynamically stable but had bibasal fine crepitations, bilateral pedal edema and signs of thyrotoxicosis (agitation, fine tremors, and hyperreflexia). Cardiac monito

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Abdul Aziz Khan, Junaid Alam, Muhammad Irfan-ud-Din, Nisar Ahmad, Muhammad Idrees, and Waseef Ullah. "Abdul Aziz Khan." Pakistan Journal Of Neurological Surgery 26, no. 2 (2022): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36552/pjns.v26i2.699.

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Objective: Pituitary lesions cause morbidity and mortality in all age groups due to their hormonal hypersecretion, its mass effects, and post-surgery complications. The present study determined the frequency of functional and non-functional pituitary adenomas. Materials & Methods: The study included patients (n = 114) presenting with functional and non-functional pituitary adenoma. Pituitary adenomas were diagnosed based on MRI brain with contrast and the size of the tumor was noted a tumor having a size of 10 mm or more was labeled as macro adenoma and a tumor having a size less tha

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Colao, Annamaria, Bartolomeo Merola, Diego Ferone, et al. "Acute and chronic effects of octreotide on thyroid axis in growth hormone-secreting and clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas." European Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 2 (1995): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1330189.

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Colao A, Merola B, Ferone D, Marzullo P, Cerbone G, Longobardi S, Di Somma C, Lombardi G. Acute and chronic effects of octreotide on thyroid axis in growth hormone-secreting and clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:189–94. ISSN 0804–4643 The effect of somatostatin on thyroid function was studied in 12 patients with growth hormone (GH)-secreting and eight patients with clinically non-functioning adenomas (NFA) and normal pituitary/ thyroid axis; the patients were subjected to the administration of octreotide (OCT), which is a longacting somatostatin analog. A

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Warnet, André, Elisabeth Lajeunie, Françoise Gelbert, et al. "Shrinkage of a primary thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma treated with the long-acting somatostatin analogue octreotide (SMS 201-995)." Acta Endocrinologica 124, no. 5 (1991): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1240487.

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Abstract. The long-acting somatostatin agonist octreotide can control TSH hypersecretion from most thyrotropic adenomas. Octreotide therapy has even been shown to improve chiasmal dysfunction. We report another patient in whom octreotide therapy was associated with gradual suppression of TSH hypersecretion, which escaped partially, dramatic and very rapid and sustained improvement of chiasm compression, and dramatic and sustained shrinkage of an unresectable TSH-secreting pituitary tumour. Unusual and prolonged gastrointestinal adverse reactions eventually disappeared except for steatorrhea. I

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Theodoropoulou, M., T. Arzberger, Y. Gruebler, et al. "Thyrotrophin receptor protein expression in normal and adenomatous human pituitary." Journal of Endocrinology 167, no. 1 (2000): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1670007.

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Thyrotrophin (TSH) synthesis and secretion is under the positive control of thyrotrophin releasing hormone and under the negative control of the thyroid hormones. However, it is hypothesised that TSH has a direct effect on the regulation of its own synthesis through an intrapituitary loop mediated by pituitary TSH receptors (TSH-R). The aim of this investigation was to study the expression of TSH-R in normal human pituitary at mRNA and protein levels, and to compare the pattern of protein expression between different pituitary adenomas. Using RT-PCR we were able to detect TSH-R mRNA in the nor

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Savastano, S., G. Lombardi, B. Merola, et al. "Hyperthyroidism due to a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma associated with functional hyperprolactinaemia." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 4 (1987): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1160452.

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Abstract. This paper reports the case of a 31-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism, increased TSH and thyroid hormone levels, evidence of a pituitary adenoma, hyperprolactinaemia, amenorrhoea, and galactorrhoea. Following trans-sphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy, mild hyperthyroidism and increased TSH and α subunit levels persisted, whereas hyperprolactinaemia, amenorrhoea, and galactorrhoea disappeared. Serum TSH levels were not affected by administration of TRH, metochlopramide, domperidone, 1-dopa or somatostatin. Serum TSH chromatography showed a normal pattern. Following a second trans-spen

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Kuhn, J. M., S. Arlot, H. Lefebvre, et al. "Evaluation of the Treatment of Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas with a Slow Release Formulation of the Somatostatin Analog Lanreotide." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85, no. 4 (2000): 1487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.4.6548.

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Somatostatin analogs have been shown to be effective for the treatment of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas. However, their use in this indication is limited by the fact that available analogs require several daily sc injections. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of a slow release formulation of the somatostatin analog lanreotide (SR-L) on both hormone secretion and tumor size and to assess the tolerance in a series of thyrotropinomas treated for 6 months. Eighteen patients with hyperthyroidism related to a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma, evidenced by pituitary magnetic r

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Lim, Quan Hziung, Nicholas Ken Yong Hee, Ken Seng Chiew, et al. "HYPONATREMIA AND TSHoma." Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 38, S2 (2023): 43–44. https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.038.s2.66.

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INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUNDWe present a case of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) as a rare presentation of TSH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. CASEA 57-year-old postmenopausal female with no prior medical illness presented with recurrent admissions for symptomatic hyponatremia associated with abdominal pain and vomiting. She denied symptoms of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. There was no history of medication intake. Family history was unremarkable. She was clinically euvolemic, and never exhibited clinical signs of hypo- or hyperthyroidism. There was no goitre. Serial investigat

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Teng, Xiaochun, Ting Jin, Gregory A. Brent, Anhua Wu, Weiping Teng, and Zhongyan Shan. "A Patient With a Thyrotropin-Secreting Microadenoma and Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (P453T)." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 7 (2015): 2511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3994.

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Context: Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) β is due to mutations in the β-isoform of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). TSH-secreting adenomas (TSHomas) are presumed to represent clonal expansion and have been reported to contain TRβ gene mutations. Mice with a knock-in mutation in the TRβ gene spontaneously develop TSHomas, although as yet no patient has been reported to have both a TSHoma and RTHβ. Objective: We investigated a 12-year-old girl with elevated serum T4 concentration, inappropriately high TSH levels, and a pituitary adenoma. Design and Intervention: Clinical, biochemical, and

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Marucci, G., M. Faustini-Fustini, A. Righi, et al. "Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumours: significance of “atypical adenomas” in a series of 10 patients and association with Hashimoto thyroiditis as a cause of delay in diagnosis." Journal of Clinical Pathology 62, no. 5 (2008): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2008.061523.

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Background:Thyrotropin-secreting adenomas (TSH-As) are rare and, according to the World Health Organization criteria (WHO 2004), a significant proportion of them present features of atypical adenomas at the time of diagnosis.Aims:To determine the frequency of “atypical adenomas” and the significance of this definition as regards follow-up. To investigate their possible association with Hashimoto thyroiditis, leading to a delay in diagnosis.Methods:Case notes for patients who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery between 1992 and 2006 were retrieved. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 180 months.Results:T

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Lee, Donna, Lakshmi Mahali, and Vafa Tabatabaie. "Successful Multimodal Treatment of a TSH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma (TSH-oma)." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A611—A612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1247.

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Abstract Background: TSH-omas are rare tumors accounting for 0.5-2% of all pituitary adenomas. Due to their indolent nature, most TSH-omas are diagnosed at the stage of invasive macroadenomas. Over the past several decades, the management of TSH-omas has evolved substantially. While surgery remains first-line therapy, somatostatin analogs have emerged as important therapeutic agents as a result of their effectiveness in normalizing thyroid hormone levels in ~95% of patients with severe hyperthyroidism and reducing TSH-oma size in ~50% of patients. Clinical Case: A 52-year-old woman with a hist

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Rubinek, Tami, Moshe Hadani, Gad Barkai, Shlomo Melmed, and Ilan Shimon. "Prolactin (PRL)-Releasing Peptide Stimulates PRL Secretion from Human Fetal Pituitary Cultures and Growth Hormone Release from Cultured Pituitary Adenomas1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 86, no. 6 (2001): 2826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.6.7591.

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The hypothalamic peptide PRL-releasing peptide (PrRP) has recently been cloned and identified as a ligand of an orphan pituitary receptor that stimulates in vitro PRL secretion. PrRP also induces PRL release in rats in vivo, especially in normal cycling females. However, no information on the effects of PrRP in the human is available. To elucidate the role of PrRP in regulating human anterior pituitary hormones, we used human PrRP-31 in primary cultures of human pituitary tissues, including fetal (20–27 weeks gestation) and normal adult pituitaries, as well as PRL- and GH-secreting adenomas. P

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Tjörnstrand, Axel, and Helena Filipsson Nyström. "DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Diagnostic approach to TSH-producing pituitary adenoma." European Journal of Endocrinology 177, no. 4 (2017): R183—R197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-16-1029.

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Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting adenomas (TSHomas) are the rarest form of pituitary adenomas, and most endocrinologists will see few cases in a lifetime, if any. In most cases, the diagnostic approach is complicated and cases may be referred after being presented as a syndrome of inappropriate TSH secretion or as a pituitary mass. This review aims to cover the past, present and possible future diagnostic approaches to TSHomas, including different clinical presentations, laboratory assessment and imaging advances. The differential diagnoses will be discussed, as well as possible coexisting disorder

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Carvalho Cunha, Nelson, Leonor Gomes, and Margarida Bastos. "Challenging diagnosis of resistance to thyroid hormone in a patient with pituitary adenoma." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 7 (2019): e229430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-229430.

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The elevation of thyroid hormone with a normal or elevated thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) occurs uncommonly. This set a diagnosis challenge between TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH). We report a case of a young female patient with palpitations, with elevated thyroid hormone and non-suppressed TSH. TSH receptor antibody was undetectable. Thyroid ultrasound revealed mild heterogeneous goitre, and MRI revealed a microadenoma with 7.5 mm length in pituitary’s left lobe. Pituitary hormones were within normal ranges. The thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulat

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Paramita, Paul, Rao Shilpa, B. N. Nandeesh, T. C. Yasha, and Santosh Vani. "Delineating the Spectrum of Pituitary Adenoma Based on the WHO 2017 Classification." Neurology India 72, no. 1 (2024): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/neuroindia.ni_913_20.

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Background: The WHO 2017 classification of endocrine tumors incorporates lineage-specific transcription factors (TF) and hormone expression for the classification of pituitary adenoma (PA). There is paucity of reports describing the spectrum of PA based on this classification. Objective: The aim of this study was to delineate the spectrum of PA based on WHO 2017 classification of endocrine tumors. Materials and Methods: PA diagnosed in the year 2018 were studied. H and E and hormonal immunohistochemistry (IHC) for GH, PRL, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, CK, T-Pit and MIB-1 were performed and the results

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Jarosz, Piotr Michał, Zuzanna Idzik, Jakub Gołacki, and Ewa Obel. "Thyrotropinoma - the case report about one of the rarest type of pituitary adenomas." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 4 (2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.04.002.

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Pituitary tumours are a significant diagnostic problem in clinical practice. Considering all the rarity of thyrotropic hormone secreting adenoma it is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in part due to the lack of the preoperative standards. TSH-oma, besides hyperthyroidism symptoms, might be a cause of other endocrine disorders, most often dysfunction of other tropic axes and may cause neurological symptoms associated with sella expansion. We report a case of a 49-year-old male patient with macroadenoma, overt clinical hyperthyroidism, secondary adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadotropic h

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Trukhina, D. A., E. G. Przhiyalkovskaya, Zh E. Belaya, et al. "Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: clinical features and results of treatment in 45 patients." Problems of Endocrinology 70, no. 2 (2023): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl13325.

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BACKGROUND: Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSH-PA) are a rare cause of thyrotoxicosis and account for 0.5-2% of all pituitary adenomas. Taking into account the rarity of the disease, it is extremely important to analyze each case of TSH-PA. AIM: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with TSH-PA, as well as to determine preoperative and early postoperative factors that predict long-term remission.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single-center retrospective study we analyzed clinical signs, laboratory and instrumental studies, as well as the treatment o

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Prieto-Tenreiro, Alma, and Patricia Díaz-Guardiola. "Long term treatment of a thyrotropin-secreting microadenoma with somatostatin analogues." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 54, no. 5 (2010): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302010000500012.

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Thyrotropin (TSH) secreting pituitary adenomas (TSH-omas) account for < 1% of all pituitary adenomas and are a rare cause of hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is often made at the stage of macroadenoma because of the aggressive nature of the tumor and due to the fact that patients are mistakenly treated for more common primary hyperthyroidism for a long time. First line therapy is transsphenoidal resection of the tumor, which can cure one-third of the patients completely. However, if surgery is not possible or curative, pituitary radiotherapy and/or somatostatin analogs (SSA) can be useful. We

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Brown, Rebecca L., Tariq Muzzafar, Robert Wollman, and Roy E. Weiss. "A pituitary carcinoma secreting TSH and prolactin: a non-secreting adenoma gone awry." European Journal of Endocrinology 154, no. 5 (2006): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02141.

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To our knowledge, only one case of a TSH-secreting carcinoma has previously been reported. We describe here a second patient with a pituitary carcinoma producing TSH and prolactin (PRL). A 37-year-old male underwent a left frontotemporal craniotomy in 1996 for a sellar mass. Except for mildly increased PRL and elevated α-subunit, hormone evaluation was normal. Pathologic examination revealed a chromophobe adenoma with increased mitotic forms. The patient completed a course of external beam radiation to the pituitary and was prescribed l-thyroxine, bromocriptine, and hydrocortisone. He was lost

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