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1
Netshisaulu, Nthambeleni Charles. "Metaphor in TshiVenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71920.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the cognitive, conceptual, linguistic, communicative and cultural nature of metaphors in Tshivenḓa in spoken discourse within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory extended to the framework of metaphor research on language, mind and culture, developed especially in the works of Kövecses (1999, 2000a,b, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2011a,b). This study on metaphor in Tshivenḓa assumes an intuitive method in that the analyst identified metaphor usage in Tshivenḓa introspectively, while a more data-driven methodology is also assumed through the systematic identification of metaphors within a pre-determined set of lexical-semantic items and the conceptual mappings of selected metaphors from previous metaphor research. The study systematically identifies metaphors in spoken communication in Tshivenḓa by considering the occurrence of the following types of nouns as source and/or target: (i) natural objects and phenomena, (ii) human beings, (iii) animals, (iv) body shape and colour, (v) body parts, (vi) medicine, (vii) diseases, (viii) food-related nouns, (ix) artifacts and possessions, (x) emotions, (xi) character traits and virtues, (xii) religious terms. The study gives evidence of the striking nature of metaphors as cultural products or constructs in the interpretations evoked by the source domain nouns and the cross-domain mappings posited for the source and target, thereby providing compelling evidence that metaphor research needs to take into account the cognitive, linguistic, communicative and cultural nature of metaphor usage.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie doen ‘n ondersoek van die kognitiewe, konseptuele, linguistiese, kommunikatiewe en kulturele aard van metafore in gesproke kommunikasie in Tsivenḓa binne die breë raamwerk van konseptuele metafoorteorie soos uitgebrei na die raamwerk van metafoornavorsing oor taal, denke en kultuur, soos veral ontwikkel in die werk van Kövecses (1999, 2000a,b, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2007 en 2011a,b). Die studie aanvaar ‘n intuïtiewe ondersoekmetode in die sin dat die navorser metafoorgebruik in Tshivenḓa introspektief geïdentifiseer het, terwyl ‘n meer data-gedrewe metodologie terselfdertyd ook aanvaar is deur die sistematiese identifisering van metafore binne ‘n voorafbepaalde stel leksikaal-semantiese items asook deur die konseptuele karterings van geselekteerde metafore vanuit vorige metafoornavorsing. Die studie identifiseer op sistematiese wyse in Tshivenḓa gesproke kommunikasie die volgende semantiese tipes naamwoorde as bron of teiken in die metafoor: (i) natuurlike objekte en verskynsels, (ii) mense, (iii) diere, (iv) liggaamsvorme en kleur, (v) liggaamsdele, (vi) medisyne, (vii) siektes, (viii) voedsel-naamwoorde, (ix) artifakte en besittings, (x) emosies, (xi) karakter kenmerke en attribute, en (xii) religieuse terme. Die studie bied evidensie aan die treffende aard van metafore as kulturele produkte of konstrukte in die interpretasies opgeroep deur die bron-domein naamwoorde en die kruis-domein karterings gepostuleer vir die bron en die teiken, en bied daardeur oortuigende bewyse dat metafoornavorsing die kognitiewe, linguistiese, kommunikatiewe en kulturele aard van metafoorgebruik in aanmerking moet neem.
2
Makhavhu, Mashudu Tryphinah. "Relational nouns in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21885.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: 1.1 AIM OF THE RESEARCH
Relational nouns are those nouns which have the characteristic of
being related in some other way. These nouns also show us that
there is always equality and inequality in status amongst the
people. It is in this research where I am going to show this
difference amongst tshivenda nouns. At the end of this study
tshivenda relational nouns, with the involvement of vertical
relations of dependency and horizontal relations with no
dependency, will be explained. Focus on this issue will be paid to
different kinship terms with dependency and no dependency.
1.2. ORGANISATION OF THE STUDY
Chapter 2 is going to focus on the tshivenda relational nouns. In
this chapter vertical relations of dependency and horizontal
relations with no dependency will be clearly explained. Kinship
terms and non-kinship terms are also going to be illustrated. In the
illustration of non-kinship terms, different situations in which they
occur are also given. Venda antonyms and synonyms as words that
occur in horizontal relations with no dependency are distinguished
and classified. Chapter 3 will basically be doing with the kikinship terms.
Anthropological views on kinship will also be looked at.
Anthropologists Radcliffe – Brown and Fortes give their different
views on the concept of kinship. This chapter goes further by
showing the linquistic views on kinship. Here Doodenough comes
with two relationships that lead to lineal descent. Lounsburry also
shows the structural analysis of lexical set of covers and partitions
a semantic field.
The chapter proceeds by defining marriage and also shows how the
Vhavenda boys choose their partners, pay lobola and marry. A
Venda lineal descent has also been illustrated. Different
generations, from the fourth ascending generation to the third
descending generation are explained.
Chapter 4 will be showing the outcome of the research. This will
be based on chapters 2 and 3.
3
Mutheiwana, Humbulani Doris. "The adjective in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51935.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study the adjective constructions in Tshiven~a are investigated within a
set of criteria in order to characterize the adjectival category and to
differentiate it from other categories. An adjective can be defined as a word
which modifies a noun that prototypically denotes visible or tangible objects.
Different linguists give different accounts which deal with criteria for
adjectives where they give attention to prototype and certain multiple criteria.
Dixon establishes seven different semantic types under which the adjectives
can be grouped, e.g. one of them is dimension.
It has been established by Schachter that there are languages that have no
adjectives at all, in which the meanings that they express are conveyed by
nouns or verbs. In other words what is universal is not adjectives but to
modify, or elaborate on the meaning of a noun.
Morphological adjectives are marked by a noun class prefix on the adjectival
stem. The prefix agrees in class with the noun to which it refers.
Morphological adjective can appear attributively and predicatively.
When adjectives are used attributively in Tshivenda they usually appear as
"
complements of a noun. But when they are used predicatively, they occur in
copulative constructions. Syntactic evidence relates to the fact that different categories of words have
different distributions. Adjective can not be identified by looking at it in
isolation, because the form of a word does not necessarily indicate its
syntactic function.
Descriptive possessives as semantic adjectives describe the noun they refer to
in a way that is different to that of possessives. The descriptive part can be
shown as the head of the noun and can also be shown as a complement of
possessive [-a-] where they indicate location, time, event and gender.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word die adjektief konstruksie in Tshivenda ondersoek
binne die raamwerk van 'n stel kriteria met die doelom 'n karakterisering te
gee van die adjektief kategorie en om dit te onderskei van ander kategorieë.
'n Adjektief kan gedefinieer word as 'n woord wat 'n naamwoord bepaal
wat prototipies verwys na konkrete voorwerpe.
Linguiste gee verskillende aannames wat handeloor kriteria vir adjektiewe
waarin hulle aandag gee aan prototipe en sekere meervoudige kriteria.
Dixon het sewe verskillende semantiese tipes bepaal waaronder adjektiewe
gegroepeer kan word bv. een daarvan is dimensie.
Daar is vasgestel deur Schachter dat daar tale is wat geen adjektiewe het nie
waarin die betekenisse wat hulle uitdruk gedra word deur naamwoorde of
werkwoorde. Wat dus universeel is, is nie adjektiewe nie maar om die
betekenis van 'n woord te modifieer.
Morfologiese adjektiewe is gemerk deur 'n naamwoord klasprefiks op die
adjektiefstam. Die prefiks kom ooreen in klas met die naamwoord waarna
dit verwys. Morfologiese adjektiewe kan attributief en predikatief voorkom.
Wanneer adjektiewe attributief gebruik word, verskyn hulle as komplement van die naamwoord. Maar wanneer hulle predikatief gebruik word kom
hulle voor in kopulatief konstruksies.
In sintaksis kan verskillende kategorieë van woorde verskillende distribusies
hê. Adjektiewe kan nie geïdentifiseer word deur na dit te kyk in isolasie
want die vorm van In woord dui nie noodwendig sy sintaktiese funksie aan.
Deskriptiewe possessiewe as semantiese adjektiewe beskryf die naamwoord
waarna hulle verwys op 'n wyse wat verskillend is van dié van possessiewe.
Die deskriptiewe deel kan aangetoon word as die kern van die naamwoord
groep en kan ook aangetoon word as In komplement van die possessiewe
[-a-] waar hulle plek, tyd, gebeurtenis en geslag aandui.
4
Siaga, Henry T. "Mass nouns in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50012.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the mass nouns in Tshivenda. The specific mass nouns in each
nominal class will then be investigated to see whether they have certain morphological
and syntactic features which are different from count nouns.
Chapter one is the introduction of this study. It describes the aim, organisation and
method of the study.
Chapter two is the overview of the literature on mass nouns. It gives overview of the
most prominent words on mass nouns in general. Some of the prominent works on this
alternation include the following: Pelletier (1979a, 1979b,); Ware (1979), Cartwright
(1979), McCawley (1979) Chierchia (1982), Link (1983) and Eschenbach (1993).
Chapter three investigates which nouns may be mass nouns, the purpose of the
classification of nouns in wordnet, nominal classes in Tshivenda and the morphological
and syntactic features of mass and count nouns.
Chapter four is the conclusion of the study, the summary as well as investigation into
the morphological, syntactic and semantic feature of plurality.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die meervoudige naamwoorde in Tshivenda. Die spesifieke
meervoudige naamwoorde sal elkeen in sy normale klas geondersoek word om te sien
of hulle sekere morfologiese en sintaktiese eienskappe het, wat nie ooreen stem met
tel naamwoorde.
Hoofstuk 1 is die inleiding van hierdie studie. Dit beskryf die doelwit, organisasie en
metode van die studie.
Hoofstuk 2 is ‘n oorsig van die literatuur aangaande meervoudige naamwoorde.
Hierdie is ‘n oorsig van die mees prominente meervoudige naamwoorde in die
algemeen. Sommige van die prominente werke van hierdie nasie sluit die volgende in:
Pelletier 91979a; 1979b), Ware (1979), Cartwright (1979), McCawley (1979), Chierchia
(1982), Link (1983) en Eschenbach (1993).
Hoofstuk 3 identifiseer meervoudige naamwoorde. Die doel van die klasifikasie van
naamwoorde in woordnet, normale klassie in Tshivenda en die morfologiese en
sintaktiese eienskappe van meervoudigheid.
Hoofstuk 4 is die konklusie van die studie, die opsomming as ook die ondersoek in
die morfologiese, sinktaktiese en semantieke eienskappe van meervoudigheid.
5
Sikhwari, Matodzi Godfrey. "Deceptive message production in TshiVenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1369.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DLitt (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Specific deceptive messages in Tshivenda were collected and subsequently analysed
according to a methodology which is regularly used in deceptive message production. Forty
deceptive messages were randomly collected from the following persons: teenage males and
females and adult males and females.
The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows:
The respondents gave nine categories of reasons for their deceptive messages. The person
involved in these deceptions are the deceivers (six categories of people) and the persons
who have been deceived (seven categories of people).
Extensive arguments have been utilized to strengthen the deceptive messages i.e. a total of
225 arguments.
Various cues to deception have been extensively used i.e. 12 cues to deception which have
been used 252 times. The four groups of people above have used these cues almost
equally i.e. 61-65 cues per group.
Cultural issues within deception have been given attention and nine different cultural issues
have been found which have been used 46 times.
The success rate of deception is not equal between the groups. The two female groups
have a success rate of 75% while the male groups have a success rate of only 35%.
Various other issues within message production in general have also received attention, i.e.
plans which have been made to deceive as well as the complexity, type and quality of the
plans. The action in deception has also been given attention, specifically message
production and emotional appeals. Of the message effects mention can be made of
relational and emotional effects, competence, appropriateness and effectiveness as well as
politeness.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Spesifieke misleidende of bedrieglike boodskappe in Tshivenda is bymekaar gemaak en
vervolgens ontleed volgens 'n metodologie wat algemeen gebruik word In misleidende
boodskappe. Veertig misleidende boodskappe is van oral versamel van die volgende
persone: jeugdige mans en vrouens, en volwasse mans en vrouens,
Die hoof bevindinge van die studie kan soos volg saamgevat word:
Die respondente het nege kategorieë van redes gegee vir hulle misleidende boodskappe.
Die persone betrokke in hierdie misleidings is die misleier of bedrieër (ses kategorieë van
mense) en die persone wat mislei is (sewe kategorieë van mense).
Heelwat argumente is gebruik om die misleidende boodskappe te versterk, d.i. 'n totaal van
225 argumente.
Verskeie aanwysings vir misleiding is ekstensief gebruik, d.i. 12 aanwysings vir misleiding is
252 kere gebruik. Die vier groepe deelnemers hierbo het hierdie aanwysings omtrent ewe
veel gebruik, d.i. tussen 61 - 65 aanwysings per groep.
Kulturele aangeleenthede in misleiding het ook aandag gekry en nege verskillende kulturele
sake is gevind in die dialoë wat altesame 46 keer gebruik is.
Die sukseskoers van misleiding is nie ewe sterk tussen die groepe nie. Die twee vroulike
groepe het 'n sukseskoers van 75% terwyl die manlike groepe 'n sukseskoers van slegs 35%
het.
Verskeie ander sake in boodskapproduksie oor die algemeen is ook onder die loep geneem
w.o. planne wat gemaak is om te mislei, asook die kompleksiteit, tipe en kwaliteit van die
planne. Die handeling in misleiding het ook aandag geniet, spesifiek boodskapproduksie en
emosionele aangeleenthede in misleiding. Van die boodskapeffekte kan melding gemaak
word van die relasionele en emosionele effekte van misleiding, kompetensie, toepasllkheid
en effektiwiteit sowel as beleefdheid in misleiding.
6
Nekhumbe, Mudivhani Gilbert. "Nominal inflectional categories of Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52961.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DLitt)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the four nominal inflectional categories which are
identified in morphology, i.e. case, noun class, agreement and number in
Tshiven~a. This study also examines Determiner Phrase, enclitics and
definiteness with regard to Tshivenc1a noun phrases.
Chapter one is the introduction of this study. It states the aim of the study
which is, firstly, to establish whether case, noun class, agreement and
number occur in Tshivencla, and secondly, to examine the form, syntactic
distribution and semantics of these categories in Tshiven~a. This chapter
also gives the morphological assumptions of the model of lexememorpheme
base morphology by Beard (1995) and Aronoff (1994). The
theory of lexical semantics of Pustejovsky (1996) and the Minimalist
program of Chomsky (1995) are also discussed.
Chapter two examines the Determiner Phrase in Tshiven~a. It
concentrates on the structure of the OP in Tshivenda. Attention has been 41\
given to the functional categories within the OP such as DET and Agr as
well as the various nominal modifiers within the OP.
Chapter three explores Case in Tshiven~a. In Tshiven9_a there are seven
cases, i.e. nominative, accusative, instrumental, locative, genitive, dative
and vocative. This chapter concentrates on the assignment of these cases
and their grammatical functions.
Chapter four explores the noun class in Tshivenda. It examines the form 1\
and the contribution of the meaning of the noun class prefixes. The
morphological structure of the Tshivenda noun is taken as the framework 1\
for this analysis. It has been found that Tshivend,a.. has seventeen noun classes which are still active in this language. These noun class prefixes
have 24 different semantic features which contribute to the meaning of the
noun.
Chapter five discusses agreement and number in Tshivenda. In the case
A.
of agreement it has been found that it is both dependent and independent
of noun class. Subjectival and objectival agreement appear as two
functional categories within the inflection phrase. Specific attention has
also been given to existential agreement, sentential pronouns, the infinitive
as well as problems with agreement with coordinated NPs. Certain cases
have also been highlighted where no agreement appears. Lastly, it has
been shown that number is not an inflectional category in Tshivenda, but it A
is a semantic category.
Chapter six is concemed with definiteness in the interpretation of the noun
in Tshivenda. In the first place, it has been shown in which cases a noun
1\
phrase may be interpreted as definite or indefinite. Secondly, the
contribution of the nominal modifiers with regard to the definiteness of the
noun phrase has been investigated. Lastly, it has been shown that proper
names have to be interpreted as definite.
Chapter seven investigated the three enclitics in Tshivenda, i.e. de, shu
'" A
and vho. Their meaning and distribution have been explored with regard to
their presence on nouns, nominal modifiers and verbs. The distribution of
these three enclitics is dependent on their meaning. The enclitic de which A
refers to quantifiers may not appear on verbs. Enclitics which are
interrogative in nature such as d,..e and shu may not appear with
interrogative nominal modifiers.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die vier nominale infleksie kategorieë wat in die
morfologie geïdentifiseer is nl. naamval, naamwoordklas,
klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenqa. Hierdie studie gee ook aandag
aan Bepalersfrase, enklitieke en bepaaldheid m.b.t. die Tshiven2a
naamwoordgroepe.
Hoofstuk een is die inleiding tot die studie. Dit gee die doelstellings van
die studie: eerstens moet vasgestel word of naamval, naamwoordklas,
klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenda voorkom, en tweedens moet die A
vorm, sintaktiese distribusie en semantiek van hierdie kategorieë in
Tshivenda bepaal word. Hierdie hoofstuk gee ook aandag aan die A
morfologiese aannames van die lekseem-morfeem morfologie van Beard
(1995) en Aronoff (1994). Die teorie van leksikale semantiek van
Pustejovsky (1996) word ook bespreek sowel as die Minimalistiese
program in sintaksis van Chomsky (1995).
Hoofstuk twee ondersoek die Bepalersfrase in Tshivenda. Dit konsentreer A
veralop die struktuur van die Bepalersfrase in Tshivenda. Aandag is veral
A
gegee aan die funksionele kategorieë binne die Bepalersfrase soos die
bepaler en klasooreenstemming asook die verskillende nominale bepalers
in die Bepalersfrase.
Hoofstuk drie handeloor die naamval in Tshivenda. Sewe naamvalle is in A
Tshivend,.a. onderskei nl. nominatief, akkusatief, instrument, lokatief,
genitief, datief en vokatief. Hierdie hoofstuk konsentreer op die toekenning
van hierdie naamvalle en hulle grammatikale funksies. Hoofstuk vier ondersoek die naamwoordklas in Tshivend,a.. Dit gee veral
aandag aan die vorm van die naamwoordprefikse sowel as die bydrae van
hierdie prefikse tot die betekenis van die naamwoord in Tshivenda. Hierdie '" analise is gedoen binne 'n raamwerk van die morfologiese struktuur van die
naamwoord. Daar is gevind dat Tshivend,a. nog sewentien
naamwoordklasse het wat aktief in die taal is. Daarby kon 24 verskillende
betekeniskenmerke van hierdie naamwoordprefikse bepaal word.
Hoofstuk vyf bespreek klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenda. In die
A
geval van klasooreenstemming is gevind dat dit beide afhanklik en
onafhanklik van naamwoordklas is. Klasooreenstemming ten opsigte van
die onderwerp en voorwerp is twee funksionele kategorieë binne die
infleksiefrase. Verder is spesiale aandag gegee aan eksistensie,
sinsvoomaamwoorde, die infinitief sowel as neweskikkende
naamwoordgroepe. Daar is ook gevalle aangedui waarin geen
klasooreensteming voorkom. Getal is 'n semantiese kategorie in Tshivenda " maar nie' infleksie kategorie nie.
Hoofstuk ses handeloor bepaaldheid ten opsigte van die interpretasie van
die naamwoord in Tshivend,a.. In die eerste plek is aangedui in welke
gevalle naamwoordgroepe bepaald of onbepaald geïnterpreteer kan word,
en tweedens is aandag gegee aan die bydrae van nominale bepalers ten
opsigte van die bepaaldheid van die naamwoordgroep. Laastens is gewys
op die voorkoms van bepaaldheid by eiename.
Hoofstuk sewe het die drie enklitieke in Tshivenda ondersoek nl. de, shu ,. J\
en vho. Hul betekenis en distribusie is nagegaan ten opsigte van hul
voorkoms by naamwoorde, nominale bepalers asook werkwoorde. Die
distribusie van hierdie drie enklitieke is duidelik afhanklik van hul betekenis. So kan de wat verwys na kwantifiseerders bv. nie saam met werkwoorde
optree n"ie. Enklitieke wat interprogatief van aard is soos d,..e en shu kan
ook dus nie saam met interrogatiewe nominale bepalers voorkom nie.
7
Matloga, Eric Matladi. "Forms of address in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49729.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the use of address form in Tshivenda. Chapter one concentrates
on aims of study, data collection and the organisation of study.
Chapter two concentrates on various studies which deal with forms of address in different
communities. They introduce forms of address as a routine between people who are
embedded in the socio-cultural context of society.
Chapter three deals with the informal use of forms of address. This includes names,
pronouns and kinship terms. Different names deal with Tshivenda names and Non-
Tshivenda names, and the way they are used in different context as a form of address.
The controversial use of a pronoun as a form of address is also taken into account as well
as kinship terms as a form of address in family where forms are applied in informal
situation. [Where the place is unstructured and they are applied in the traditional way.]
Chapter four investigates the formal use of address in a structured situation, this covers
titles, occupations, special address forms and innovations. Titles are used in a more
structured situation. They show social rank or official position such as Doctors, Professors
etc. Occupational terms are connected with a person's job. These are terms like nurses,
teachers etc. The special forms of address are used in certain occasions where the
sender uses an unpopular form of address, uses new techniques and they are practised
by elite class, who tries to change the status quo.
Chapter five gives the main conclusions of the thesis.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die gebruik van aanspreekvorme in Tshivenda. Hoofstuk een
konsentreer op die doelstellings van die studie, die versameling van data en die
organisasie van die studie.
Hoofstuk twee konsentreer op verskillende studies wat handel oor aanspreekvorme in
verskillende gemeenskappe. Hulle sluit in aanspreekvorme soos gewoonlik gebruik
tussen mense wat vas gewortel is in die sosio-kulturele konteks van die gemeenskap.
Hoofstuk drie handel oor die gebruik van informele aanspreekvorme. Dit sluit in name,
voornaamwoorde en verwantskapsterme. Dit sluit in Venda en nie-Venda name in
verskillende kontekste. Die gebruik van 'n voornaamwoord in aanspreekvorme word ook
belangrik geag sowel as verwantskapsterme in familie waar vorme gebruik word in
informele situasie.
Hoofstuk vier ondersoek die formele gebruik van aanspreekvorme in 'n strukturele
situasie. Die sluit in titel, beroepe, spesiale vorme en innovasie. Titels word gebruik in In
strukturele situasie. Hulle verwys na sosiale posisie of amptelike posisie soos dokters,
professors ens. Die spesiale vorme word gebruik in omstandighede waar die sender die
ongewone vorm gebruik vir die ontvanger. Innovatiewe vorme gebruik nuwe tegnieke en
hulle word beoefen deur die hoer klas, wat probeer om die status quo te verander.
Hoofstuk vyf gee die bevindinge van die tesis.
8
Tshikalange, Khaukanani Wilson. "Verbs of existence in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52044.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the Predicate Argument Structure (PAS) of the verbs of
existence with special reference to transitive and intransitive verbs in
Tshivenda.
Chapter One is the introduction of this study. It states the purpose of study,
theoretical framework, organisation of study as well as the predicate
argument structure of the verbs of existence.
representation (i.e.theta-roles) are also defined.
The lexical - semantic
A review of Chomsky's
Government and Binding theory is given. The study also examines the
different types of verbs of existence.
Chapter Two of this study examines the arguments of verbs of existence.
The external NP argument in subject position will be considered with the
features [+animate] i.e. (humans and animal) or [-animate]. The
interpretation of the example sentence of the arguments will also be given.
Chapter Three examines the compatibility between verbs of existence and
several syntactic operations. These possible operations include the locative
inversion, locative alternation, location subject alternation, location
instrument alternation, the benefactive and the locative.
Chapter Four is the conclusion where the summary of the main contents of
the previous chapters is given.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hiedie navorsing ondersoek die Predikaat Argument Struktuur van die
werkwoorde van bestaan met spesiale verwysing na oorganklike en
onoorganklike werkwoorde in Tshivenda.
Hoofstuk Een is die inleiding van hierdie navorsing. Dit gee die doel van die
studie, die teoretiese raamwerk, organisasie van die studie, sowel as die
predikaat argument struktuur van die werkwoorde van bestaan. Die leksikaal
semantiese representasie (d.i. die theta-roll e) is gedefinieer. Die aannames van
Chomsky se Government en Binding teorie is gegee. Die studie poog ook om
die verskillende vorms van die werkwoord van bestaan te gee.
Hoofstuk Twee ondersoek die argumente van die werkwoorde van bestaan.
Die eksterne argumente in onderwerp-posisie val saam met die kenmerke
(+lewendig) d.i. (mense en diere) of (-lewendig). Die interpretasie van die
voorbeeldsin is ook gegee.
Hoofstuk Drie ondersoek die alternasies van die werkwoorde van bestaan en
verskeie sintaktiese operasies.
Hierdie operasies sluit in die lokatiewe inversie, -alternasie, -onderwerp
alternasie, -instrument alternasie, die bevoordeelde en die lokatiewe.
Hoofstuk Vier is die konklusie waarin 'n samevatting van die vonge
Hoofstukke gegee word.
9
Ramanyimi, Nyadzani Florence. "Tsenguluso ya mbulungo ya Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/596.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.ED.) --University of Limpopo, 2008<br>The research covers the way the Vhavenḓa people bury their dead. Although the emphasis is on Tshivenḓa burials, the study has also examined the way burials are undertaken in other cultures such as Xhosa, Sotho, Indians, Xitsonga, Hindu, Greek and Muslim culture.
The study shows that burials in Tshivenḓa are characterized by peculiar features. For instance the way the royal people are buried is different from the way the ordinary people are laid to rest. In addition, there are also special rituals that must be performed when children, women and men are buried.
The study also includes to the fact that mordernity, has an impact on the manner in which the Vhavenḓa conduct their burials. In the past burials where cheap to conduct whereas these days they are relatively expensive. Lastly, the study has discovered that both old and modern forms of burials have advantages and disadvantages. It is, therefore, crucial for people to utilize the advantages of both the afore mentioned types of burial.
10
Sikhwari, Matodzi Godfrey. "The expressions of gratitude in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53635.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates how gratitude expressions may be expressed in Tshivenda.
Studies on the expressions of gratitude have been conducted in various languages.
Politeness is a pragmatic mechanism in which a variety of structures work together
according to the speaker's intention of achieving smooth communication. Speech acts on
the other hand is the same as an illocutionary act (intention of the sender). The same
world can be used to perform different speech acts.
The findings in this study is based on situations in which gratitude is expressed in
response to receiving a reward, gift, favour, service and compliment (Eisentein and
Bodman 1986). Gratitude is expressed when a person benefits from another person.
In this study the data shows consistent use of expressions of gratitude within specific
contexts. The results of this study are consistently interpretable in that the bigger the
imposition on the giver, the more polite expressions are employed. Gratitude expressions
have been analysed from gratitude functions. These functions include the following:
Thanking, appreciations, liking, surprise, generosity, pleasure, indebtedness, relief, desire,
caring, enthusiasm, reciprocate, reason, reassurance and compliment.
In Tshivenda thanks, pleasure and appreciation have a high frequency and these gratitude
functions show extreme politeness of the Venda people. There are also certain functions
in Tshivenda which have a very low frequency, i.e. reason, desire, enthusiasm,
reciprocate, generosity and caring. Therefore, they are not considered as possible
gratitude functions in Tshivenda and are also unfamiliar in Tshivenda.<br>AFRRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe uitdrukkings van dankbaarheid in Tshivenda uitgedruk kan
word. Studies oor uitdrukkings van dankbaarheid is gedoen in verskeie tale.
Beleefdheid is 'n pragmatiese meganisme waarin 'n verskeidenheid strukture saamwerk volgens die spreker
se bedoeling om gladde kommunikasie te bewerkstellig. Spraakhandelinge, aan die anderkant, is dieselfde
as illokusionere handelinge (bedoeling van die spreker). Dieselfde woord kan gebruik word om verskillende
Spraakhandelinge uit te voer.
Die bevindinge in hierdie studie is gebaseer op situasies waarin dankbaarheid uitgespreek word as antwoord
op die ontvangs van 'n beloning, geskenk, guns en kompliment (Eisenstein en Bodman, 1986).
Dankbaarheid word uitgedruk wanneer 'n persoon voordeel trek uit 'n ander persoon.
In hierdie studie toon die data eenvormige gebruik van uitdrukkings van dankbaarheid binne spesifieke
kontekste. Die resultate van hierdie studie is telkens interpreteerbaar soos volg: hoe grater die druk op die
gewer, hoe meer beleefd is die dankbaarheids- uitdrukkings. Suike uitdrukkings is geanaliseer vanaf
dankbaarheidsfunksies, naamlik bedanking, waardering, voorkeur, verrassing, vrygewigheid, plesier, skuld,
verligting, begeerte, entoesiasme, wederkerigheid, rede, versekering en kompliment.
In Tshivenda het bedanking, plesier en waardering 'n hoe frekwensie van voorkoms en
hierdie dankbaarheidsuitdrukkings toon die besondere beleefdheid van die Venda. Daar is
ook sekere funksies in Tshivenda wat 'n bate lae frekwensie het, naamlik rede, begeerte,
entoesiasme, wederkerigheid, vrygewigheid en sorg. Dus kan hulle nie beskou word as
moontlike dankbaarheidsfunksies in Tshivenda nie.
11
Mantsha, Avhavhudzani Virginia. "The lemmatization of Tshivenda lexical items." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1297.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013<br>The study focuses on the lemmatization of lexical items in Tshivenḓa. It was conducted by reviewing selected Tshivenḓa dictionaries and the lexical items investigated were nouns, locatives, verbs and adjectives. The analysis looked at the approaches used in the macro- and micro-structural treatment of these important lexical items in dictionaries. The study also covered the treatment of the morphological, syntactical and semantic aspects of these lexical items in Tshivenḓa.
This research ended with recommendations that will help dictionary compilers to overcome challenges they experience when lemmatizing nouns, locatives, verbs and adjectives.
12
Mulungwa, Tshiwela Thomas. "Semantic features of human beings in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51907.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to investigate the semantic features of human
beings in Tshivenda. For this purpose the theoretical assumptions of
Lexical semantics were taken as the starting-point of the investigation.
Various concepts such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, hipernymy
and lexical hierarchy are discussed.
The semantic features of human beings are classified into two subclasses
of features, i.e. physical and psychological features. The physical features
which are prominent in Tshivenda are the following: age, physically
disadvantaged, body shape, body part, body position and colour. Six
subcategories of psychological features are recognized: intelligent,
retarded, timid, good and bad behaviour, and habits.
These features are represented by nouns in Tshivenda and such nouns
may this function as semantic adjectives with a descriptive function.
In the discussion of these features, attention is also given to the derivation
of the nouns which have these features, i.e. whether derived or not, or
whether there are compound nouns with these features. Attention is also
given to the contribution of the noun class prefix to the semantics of these
nouns.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die semantiese kenmerke van mense in
Tshivenda te ondersoek. Vir hierdie doel is die teoretiese aannames van
die Leksikale semantiek geneem as die beginpunt van die ondersoek.
Verskeie konsepte soos sinoniem, antoniem, hiponiem, hipernoniem en
leksikale hierargie is bespreek.
Die semantiese kenmerke van mense word geklassifiseer in twee
subklasse van kenmerke, die fisiese en psigologiese kenmerke. Die fisiese
kenmerke wat prominent is in Tshivenda is die volgende: ouderdom, fisies
benadeel, liggaamsvorm, liggaamsdeel, liggaamsposisie en kleur. Ses
subkategrieë van psigologiese kenmerke is gevind: intelligent, vertraag,
skugter, goeie en slegte gedrag, en verskeie gewoontes.
Hierdie kenmerke is teenwoordig in naamwoorde in Tshivenda en sulke
naamwoorde kan dus funksioneer as semantiese adjektiewe met 'n
deskriptiewe funksie.
In die bespeking van hierdie kenmerke is aandag ook gegee aan die
afleiding van die naamwoorde wat hierdie kenmerke het, d.i. of hulle
afgelei is of nie, en of hulle saamgestelde naamwoorde is met hierdie
kenmerke. Aandag is ook gegee aan die bydrae van die
naamwoordklasprefiks tot die semantiek van hierdie naamwoorde.
13
Tshikota, Shumani Leonard. "The noun and the dictionary in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52551.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The lemmatisation of nouns in African and Non-African language dictionaries is
investigated with a view to account for the development of a theoretical framework of
how nouns could be lemmatised in a Tshivenda monolingual dictionary.
Within the African language dictionaries two traditions exist for lemmatisation of nouns:
the stem or root system and the word system. Dictionaries belonging to the Nguni
languages enter nouns according to the letter of the root or stem and this has been
followed because of the presence of a preprefix in these langauges. Languages like
Venda, Tsonga and Sotho usually enter nouns in the dictionary under the first letter of the
prefix if present.
In African languages the morphological and syntactic category noun is exactly the same.
With syntax and morphology the category noun is presented by the root or stem of the
noun with prefixes added as inherent semantic and grammatical features of such nouns.
So, the exact entry in a dictionary has to be considered form the view point of the
syntactic and morphological category only. Taking these considerations into account a
case can be made for the treatment of nouns in dictionaries. In a Tshivenda monolingual
dictionary nouns are entered as head of the noun phrases (NPs); thus indicating the
syntactic operation of the noun outside the context of a sentence. In other instances the
syntactic operations are indicated within the context of a sentence and this information is
indicated within a dictionary implicitly or covertly by means of illustrative examples.
Nouns in these dictionaries may appear with two and or more than two arguments.
Semantically, the noun Halwa in a Tshivenda monolingual dictionary may have two
arguments: firstly it may mean "an intoxicating drink" and secondly it may refer to "a
container for holding beer". Thus the noun in African language dictionaries, Tshivenda in particular, could be
represented syntactically morphologically and semantically.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die lemmatisering van naamwoorde in Afrika- en nie-Afrikatale woordeboeke is
ondersoek om 'n teoretiese raamwerk te ontwikkel vir die lemmatisering van
naamwoorde in 'n Tshivenda eentalige woordeboek.
Binne die Afrikatale woordeboek bestaan twee tradisies vir die lemmatisering van
naamwoorde: die stamsisteem en die woordsisteem. Woordeboek vir die Ngunitale skryf
naamwoorde in volgens die eerste letter van die stam: Dié stelsel is toegepas weens die
teenwoordigheid van 'n voorprefiks in hierdie tale. Tale soos Venda, Tsonga en Sotho
neem gewoonlik naamwoorde in die woordeboek op onder die eerste letter van die
prefiks, as daar een is.
In die Afrikatale is die morfologiese en sintaktiese kategorie naamwoord presies
dieselfde. Die naamwoord word deur die stam of wortel verteenwoordig en van prefikse
vergesel ter aanduiding van bepaalde semantiese en grammatikale kenmerke.
Die presiese inskrywing in 'n woordeboek word bepaal deur die sintaksiese en
morfologiese kategorie. Baie aandag moet dus gegee word aan die aard van die
behandeling van naamwoorde in woordeboeke. In 'n Tshivenda eentalige woordeboek,
word naamworde opgeneem as kern van die naamwoordstukke ter aanduiding van die
sintaksiese optrede van die naamwoord buite die konteks van 'n sin. In ander gevalle
word die sintaksiese optrede aangedui binne die konteks van 'n sin en hierdie inligting
word in 'n woordeboek implisiet aangedui deur middel van voorbeeldmateriaal.
Naamwoorde in hierdie woordeboek kan met twee en of meer as twee argumente
voorkom. Semanties kan die naamwoord [ Halwa] in 'n Tshivenda eentalige woordeboek
twee argumente hê : eerstens kan dit beteken" 'n dronkmakende bier" en tweedens 'n
blik wat bier hou". Dus kan die naamwoorde in Afrikataalwoordeboeke, veral Tshivenda, sintakties,
morfologies en semanties voorgestel word.
14
Phungo, Muthuphei Joseph. "Complaints and responses in selected Tshivenda dramas." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52743.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When we consider the total number of complaints, which have been used in the selected
Tshivenda dramas, we find that the drama ZWO ITWA has the most complaints. i.e. 24.8%
of complaints in the six books. The drama VHD LU FUKULA also has a high number of
complaints i.e. 20.8% of all the complaints.
In the analysis of complaints in selected Tshivenda dramas, eight strategies were
considered. It frequently happened that more than one strategy was used in individual
complaints. On average, 2.1 to 1.7 strategies appear in a complaint with an average of 1.9
strategies per complaint.
With regard to the analysis of individual strategies in all books, we find that indirect
accusation has the highest frequency i.e. 35.7%. This refers to an accusation in which the
complainer wants to find out whether the hearer may be the potential agent of the
complaint. Thus, the complainer does not directly accuse the hearer of the complaint.
The study also reveals that characters like using strategies which are less direct and less
face threatening. The strategies which appeared most frequently in of each book are
annoyance, indirect accusation, ill consequences and explicit blame on behaviour (action).
When we consider the total number of responses, which have been used in all the dramas,
the study shows that ZWO ITWA has the most responses i.e. 22.6% of all the responses
to the complaints in the six books. The drama VHD LU FUKULA also has a high
frequency of responses i.e. 20.5% of all responses.
Out of the six types of responses that were identified, question has the highest frequency
of 37.3%. It also became clear in this study that some of the questions were used to
object. The response, which also has high frequency, is contradiction. This response has
a percentage of 21.2% of the total responses.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer die totale getal klagtes in die geselekteerde Tshivenda dramas oorweeg word,
vind ons dat 2WO ITWA die meeste klagtes het, naamlik 24.8% van die klagtes in die ses
boeke. Die drama VHO LU FUKULA het ook 'n groot aantal klagtes, naamlik 20.8% van al
die klagtes.
In die analise van klagtes in die geselekteerde Tshivenda dramas is agt strategieë
oorweeg. Dit gebeur dikwels dat meer as een strategie gebruik is in individuele klagtes.
Vanaf 2.1 tot 1.7 strategieë verskyn in 'n klagte met 'n gemiddelde van 1.9 strategieë per
klagte.
Ten opsigte van die analise van individuele strategieë in al die boeke is gevind dat
indirekte beskuldiging die hoogste frekwensie het, naamlik 35.7%. Dit verwys na 'n
beskuldiging waarin die klaer wil uitvind of die hoorder die potensiële agent van die klagte
is. Dus, die klaer beskuldig nie die hoorder direk oor die klagte nie.
Die studie toon ook dat karakters daarvan hou om strategieë te gebruik wat minder direk
is en nie 'n persoon se selfbeeld aantas nie. Die strategieë met die hoogste frekwensie in
elke boek is ergernis, indirekte beskuldiging, nadelige gevolge en eksplisiete blaam op die
gedrag (handeling).
Ten opsigte van die totale getal response die klagtes in die betrokke dramas, het die
studie getoon dat ZWO ITWA die meeste response het, naamlik 22.6% van al die
response op klagtes in die ses boeke. Die drama VHO LU FUKULA het ook 'n hoë
frekwensie reaksies, naamlik 20.5%.
Van die 6 tipes reaksies het die vraag die hoogste frekwensie, naamlik 37.3%. Dit is ook
duidelik dat sommige vrae gaan oor objeksies. 'n Respons wat ook 'n hoë frekwensie het,
is teenstelling naamlik 21.2% van alle response.
15
Mukwevho, Mulatedzi. "The break and bend verbs in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53089.
Full textAbstract:
Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis is organized into five chapters: the first chapter deals with the aims
of the study, the theoretical framework that has been assumed in this study as
well as the organisation of the thesis. The second chapter gives an overview
of the assumptions of lexical semantics with specific reference to the
Generative Lexicon. Chapter 3 is concerned with the break verbs while
chapter 4 deals with the bend verbs in Tshivenda. Chapter 5 gives the
conclusions of the study.
With regard to the break verbs in Tshivenda: these verbs have been
classified into seven subgroups with regard to specific semantic features.
Syntactically, the break verbs in Tshivenda are mainly transitive verbs while a
large group have a transitive-intransitive alternation with the suffixes [-I-/-w-].
The break verbs may also regularly appear with the iterative suffixes [Vkan-
Nkany-]. Most of the break verbs also regularly appear in two other
alternations i.e. the possession alternation and the instrument-subject
alternation.
The bend verbs in Tshivenda are organized into five subgroups with regard to
their semantic features. All bend verbs in Tshivenda are transitive verbs, but it
has been shown that these verbs are in reality ergative verbs which assign
two internal theta-roles. These verbs also regularly appear in the possession
alternation and the instrument-subject alternation.
Both the break and bend verbs have furthermore been treated within the
main components of the Generative lexicon, i.e. argument structure, event
structure, lexical conceptual paradigm and lexical inheritance structure.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verhandeling is verdeel in vyf hoofstukke: die eerste hoofstuk handeloor
die doelstellings van die studie, die teoretiese raamwerk wat aanvaar is as
uitgangspunt vir hierdie studie asook die organisasie van die verhandeling.
Die tweede hoofstuk gee 'n oorsig oor die aannames van die leksikale
semantiek met spesiale verwysing na die Generatiewe leksikon. Hoofstuk drie
bestudeer die breek werkwoorde terwyl hoofstuk vier handeloor die
buigwerkwoorde in Tshivenda. Hoofstuk vyf gee die konklusies van die studie.
Met betrekking tot die breek werkwoorde in Tshivenda: hierdie werkwoorde is
geklassifiseer in sewe subgroepe met verwysing na spesifieke semantiese
kenmerke. Sintakties is die breek werkwoorde in Tshivenda grotendeels
transitiewe werkwoorde terwyl 'n groot groep deelneem aan 'n transitieweintransitiewe
alternasie met die suffikse [-I-/-w-]. Die breek werkwoorde kan
verder ook reëlmatig voorkom met die iteratiewe suffikse (Vkan-Nkany-].
Meeste van die breek werkwoorde verskyn ook reëlmatig in twee ander
alternasies nl. die possessiewe alternasie en die instrument-subjek alternasie.
Die buig werkwoorde in Tshivenda is verdeel in vyf subgroepe na aanleiding
van hulle semantiese kenmerke. Alle buig werkwoorde in Tshivenda is
transitiewe werkwoorde maar dit is aangetoon dat hierdie werkwoorde in
werklikheid ergatiewe werkwoorde is wat twee interne theta-rolle toeken.
Hierdie werkwoorde kom ook reëlmatig voor in die possessief alternasie en
die instrument-subjek alternasie.
Beide die breek en buig werkwoorde is verder behandel binne die
hoofkomponente van die Generatiewe leksikon, nl. Argument struktuur,
gebeurtenis struktuur, leksikaal konseptueie paradigma en leksikaal erfenis
struktuur.
16
Sibadela, Joyce Mukhethoni. "The speech act of greetings in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53176.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of interpersonal verbal routines such as greetings is a universal phenomenon of
human languages. All human speech communities have such formulas, although their
character and the incidence of their use may vary enormously from one society to another.
For several decades, greetings have been a recurrent object of inquiry for linguists and
other human communication. Greetings are part of phatic communion, whereby people
create ties of union and avoid silence, which is always alarming and dangerous.
Communion among humans will often be marked in speech “phatically”.
There is widespread evidence that greetings are an important part of the communicative
competence necessary for being a member of any speech community. Greetings
regularize patterns among members. Greeting has been often treated as if it was
spontaneous emotional reaction to the coming together of people carrying overtly its own
social message.
Greeting expressions constitute an important part of the polite language. By greeting the
speaker, indicates his attitude towards the addressee or starts a conversation with him.
Greetings are often patterned expressions, which may vary among different nations. Most
greetings perform primarily a phatic communion function; some greetings are used to
convey information. Some culture does not operate non-verbal demonstration of respect
of difference like bowing, or prostrating and kneeling, it makes up for this by insistence on
the proper execution of verbal greetings, for example: Igbo culture does not operate nonverbal,
whereas Japanese, Joruba and even Vendas they do practice these non-verbal
demonstrations.
Cultural performances are influenced by social variables such as the ages, sex and status
of the interactants.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van interpersoonlike mondelingse roetines, soos die handeling van groet, is ‘n
universiele fenomeen van menslike taal. Alle menslike gemeenskappe het formules,
alhoewel hulle karakter en die voorkoms van hulle gebruik, mag verskil van een
gemeenskap tot ‘n ander.
Vir dekades, was groet ‘n herhaalde onderwerp van ondersoek van taalkenners saam met
ander aspekte van persoonlike kommunikasie. Die handeling van groet is ‘n deel van
fatiese kommunikasie, waarby mense bande skep, en stilte vermy wat angswekkend kan
wees. Kommunikasie tussen mense sal altyd na verwys word as faties in taalverskynsels.
Daar is wydverspreide bewyse dat die handeling van groet ‘n belangrike deel van
kommunikatiewe kompetensie is, wat noodsaaklik is vir 'n lid van enige gemeenskap geld.
Groet reguleer voorbeelde van wedersydse verhoudings tussen groepelede. Groet is
dikwels hanteer asof dit ‘n spontane emosionele reaksie by die saamkom van mense is
wat hulle eie sosiale boodskap oordra.
Die spraakhandeling van groet vorm ‘n belangrike deel van beleefdheidtaal. Deur te groet,
bewys die persoon sy houding teenoor die ander persoon of begin om met die persoon 'n
gesprek te voer.
Die spraakhandeling van groet is dikwels voorbeelde van uitdrukkings wat verskil tussen
verskillende taalgroepe. Die meeste groetvorme het ‘n primere fatiese gemeenskaps
funksie, sommige begroetings word gebruik om informasie te verskaf. Sommige kulture
maak nie gebruik van nie-verbale demonstrasies van respek of verskille soos neerbuiging
of kniel, dit maak op vir die aandring op behoorlike gebruik van mondelinge begroeting,
byvoorbeeld: Igbo kultuur maak nie gebruik van nie-verbale demonstrasies, waar Vendakultuur
gebruik maak van hierdie nie-verbale demonstrasies.
Kulturele belewenis van die groetvorm word beVnvloed deur sosiale veranderlikes soos
ouderdom, geslag en status.
17
Nempumbuluni, Nditsheni Moris. "Ndeme ya kholomo kha mvelele ya Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1043.
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Mukwevho, Tshilidzi. "Tsenguluso ya ndeme ya mbingano kha Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1254.
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Mudau, Mmbulaheni Lawrence. "Euphemism in Tshivenda : a socio-pragmatic analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1988.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D. (Tshivenda)) --University of Limpopo, 2016<br>This study examined Tshivenḓa euphemisms from a socio-pragmatic perspective within a framework of Politeness and Indirectness Communicative theories. According to Brown and Levinson (1987), Politeness Theory describes politeness as showing concern for people’s ‘face’ needs where ‘face’ means one’s public self-image. In terms of the Indirectness Communicative Theory, euphemism is a face saving mechanism which emphasizes mutual cooperation in a conversation.
Euphemisms are described as substitutions of agreeable or inoffensive expressions for ones that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. They are words with meanings or sounds that are thought, somehow, to be nicer, cleaner or more elevated and they are used as substitutes for words deemed unpleasant, crude or ugly in sound or sense.
The study adopted a descriptive and exploratory design within a qualitative research approach, based on the view that qualitative research aims at explaining complex phenomena by means of verbal description rather than testing hypotheses with numerical values. Furthermore, primary data were elicited from 25 participants of different ages, genders, educational levels, social status and occupations who are native speakers of the Tshivenḓa language by means of semi-structured interviews. Since this study involved working with humans, all ethical aspects were ensured.
The study, which investigated the use of Tshivenḓa euphemisms, was conducted in seven social domains in Venḓa in the Vhembe District: local courts, churches, homes, hospitals, girls in seclusion, schools and electronic media. The study’s findings show evidence of the use of Tshivenḓa euphemisms in these various domains. However, the court domain seems not to use many euphemisms due to the fact that clear communication is required there; for two parties in a case to understand what is being said during the proceedings the use of roundabout indirect language is avoided – the courts believe in calling ‘a spade, a spade.’ Through the careful analysis of euphemisms, the study’s findings revealed that euphemisms have both positive and negative effects on language, including Tshivenḓa. Some of the positive effects of euphemisms revealed by this study include the ability to avoid directly naming what is deemed unpleasant; they make the language sound more
v
literary; and they allow people to discuss touchy or taboo subjects with ease. However, the findings also suggested that euphemisms may be disrespectful; they could hinder clear communication; they are deceptive; and they may lead to miscommunication and general confusion.
Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that the use of euphemisms in Tshivenḓa language should be reinforced in all social domains in order to enhance politeness; preserve the public self-image of the participants in communicative exchanges; and facilitate harmonious interpersonal relationships. It is also recommended that further study be undertaken to identify other factors that may affect the use of euphemisms in Tshivenḓa from other perspectives.
Key concepts: Politeness; Euphemisms; Treadmill; Taboo; Face work
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Mudau, Shumani Dora. "Thuthuedzo ya vhomazwale kha mbingano ya Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2356.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. A. (African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2014<br>In this research an attempt has been made to assess and investigate the impact of the in-laws on Tshivenḓa marriage. This study was found to be necessary because although other scholars have investigated various aspects with regard to the impact of the in-laws on Tshivenḓa marriage, an in depth research on their impact has not been conducted.
According to the Tshivenḓa culture, when boys and girls become older they are expected to get married. So this marriage can be influenced negatively or positively by the in-laws. Some couples are forced to live with the in-laws. There are some marriages that do not last due to the negative interference of the in-laws but there are some marriages that are succeeding due to the positive relationship with the in-laws, therefore the aim of this research is to investigate the impact of in-laws on marriages.
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Raphalalani, Matodzi Rebecca. "Basic emotions in Tshivenda : a cognitive semantic analysis." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/238.
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Rabothata, Thambatshira Tannie. "Women abuse as expressed in Tshivenda female songs." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/892.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2005<br>This study investigates the expression of women abuse through female songs. Groups of singers from twenty-two communities were listened to during the study. A qualitative analysis was undertaken. Songs obtained from secondary sources, were compared and analysed in the same way in which those obtained from the singers themselves were analysed. In particular, the usefulness of these singing groups was examined. It was found that most of the women who are experiencing abuse of some kind, derive perceived social support from fellow singers. All the women in the different singing groups declared that they were not singing for the sake of singing but that they were sending messages to the perpetrators of abuse in the expectation that a change will be realized. Singing groups were found to be effectively providing assistance in dealing with emotional abuse. The study thus illuminates the subjective use of referential expressions in expressing abuse. This emphasizes the challenge for singers to check whether or not the manner in which they present their pleas is appropriate.
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Nemapate, Mmbulaheni Alfred. "The structure and meaning in Tshivenda traditional songs." Thesis, University of the North, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2152.
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Makhado, Avhatakali Jonathan. "The speech act of apology in Tshivenda educational contexts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53175.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An apology in Tshivenda is offered when an individual has violated a social
norm or want to restore any form of a complainable. When it is given, it serves
as a remedial work, designed to smooth over any social disruption that was
caused. Sometimes a person who is suppose to apologize may find reasons to
minimize the degree of the offence. If the offence in question is big, a verbal
apology may be insufficient to restore the damaged relationship.
Male and female learners commit a lot of offences towards each other at school
and they are obliged to apologize for such offences. In the process of
apologizing, they are faced with a wide choice of strategies to choose from.
In most cases, male learners have a tendency of giving an explanation to their
offences. They do not always seek for a direct apology. Inthe acceptance of
their offences, they opt for longer strategies to apologize. Males seem to be
either proud or shy to ask for an apology from females. Female learners on the
other hand, do not want to use longer strategies to apologize, but they ask for
forgiveness immediately.
It is not all the males who do not want to apologize directly to females, but there
are others who apologize directly. They are the ones who take females as their
equals and they also want to maintain a good relationship with them. The same
applies with females, a minimal number of them use longer strategies to
apologize. They do not use direct strategies.
There are other strategies also useful in Tshivenda male and female learners, but
their use is not so popular. Strategies like explicit acceptance of the blame and
expression of self-deficiency are considered the least of other ones.
An apology is usually influenced by the way the complainant shows his or her
dissatisfaction. Male and female learners also differ with the way they complain.
They use complaint strategies differently. Both male and female learners use
direct accusation and indirect accusation extensively. But the difference comes
by the fact that females are longer with their complaints than males. Females
show their annoyance by involving more complaint strategies. Males do not take
long to complain, they involve only a few strategies.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Verskoning in Tshivenda word aangebied in geval waar 'n individu 'n sosiale
reeloortree het. Wanneer dit aangebied word, dien dit as 'n remedie ontwerp om
die sosiale onderbreking wat ontstaan het reg te siel. Soms sal die persoon wat
veronderstel is om 'n verskoning aan te bied redes vind om die graad van die
sosiale oortreding te probeer verminder. ln geval waar die oortreding as baie
groot beskou word waar' n mondelingse verskoning nie genoegsaam wees om
die verhouding weer te herstel nie.
Manne en vrou skoliere behaan heelwat sosiale oortreding teenoor mekaar by
die skool en is oorplig om verskoning aan te bied vir sulke oortredings. Tydens
die proses van verskoning aanbied word die skoliere gekonfronteer met verskeie
opsies om van te kies.
Manlike skoliere het die manier om verkonings en verduidelikings te gee vir
hulle oortredings. Hulle sal nie 'n direkte apologie aanbied nie. lndien hulle
aanvaar dat hulle verkeerd was, sal hul die opsie om hulle verduidelikings te gee
as strategie gebruik. Manspersone bly te trots en skaam te wees om 'n apologie
te vra van dames. Dames weer vra makliker en direk om verskoning.
Hierdie beginstel van om verskoning vra geld nie ten opsigte van alle skoliere
nie. Sommiges sal direk apologie aanbied. Ander aanvaar vroulike skoliere as
hul gelykes en probeer om 'n gesonde verhouding te handhaf Dieselfde beginsel
geld tot vroulike skoliere van hulle sal lang verduidelikings aanbied as 'n
strategie deur om verskoning te vra: Hulle vra nie direk om verskoning nie.
Daar is ook ander strategiee in gebruiklike in Tshivenda deur manlik sowel as
vroulike skoliere, maar is nie populer in gebruik nie. Strategiee soos die
duidelike aanvaarding van skuld en die uitdrukking van selfbeskulding word
beskou as die minste gebruiklike opsie.
'n Verskoning word beinvloed deur die manier waarop die klaer sy ofhaar
misnoe wys of uitspreek. Manlike sowel as vroulike leerders versoek ook in
metodiek hoe hulle kla. Hulle maak gebruik van 'n kla strategie wat verskillend
is van mekaar. Beide geslagte maak gebruik van direk sowel as indirek
beskuldigings. Die verskil egter is by vroulik klaers aangesien hul klagte langer
duur as hul manlike ewe nie. Vroulike klaers wys hul woede of ongelukkigheid
deur meer klagte strategie te betree. Mans daarom teen neem nie lang om te kla
nie en behels net a paar strategiee.
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Munyai, Ndwamato Robert. "A genre-theoretic analysis of sports articles in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53244.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis employs the theoretical framework of text construction advanced by Grabe and
Kaplan (1996) for the analysis of sports articles in BONA magazine. The theory employed
in this study includes linguistic elements, which can be included in teaching methodology
for developing the learner's analytical skills in analyzing the discourse structure of written
texts. These kinds of analytical skills are strongly reflected in Curriculum 2005 for
Language Literacy and Communication (LLC).
The thesis employs a range of textlinguistic strategies for analyzing written texts on sports
issues. It is argued that the incorporation of these strategies by teachers in the process of
language teaching in Curriculum 2005 will enable the learners to analyse texts
successfully and to gain an awareness about how language is used in texts. For the
purpose of analysis in this thesis, text from BONA magazine with contents ranging from
sports issues were collected. The thesis demonstrates that text analysis involves a large
extent, an investigation of generic factors such as the communicative purpose, the culture
and community in which the text is produced.
Following the discussion of the generic features of texts, a broad definition of the term text
is explored, and the text linguistic construction and certain levels of analysis are identified.
In addition to this, the study demonstrates that analysis of the linguistic structure of texts
needs to incorporate the discussion of the parameters of the ethnography of writing
advanced by Grabe and Kaplan (1996). The ethnography of writing entails that a detailed
analysis of texts should address the following questions: "Who writes what to whom, for
what purpose, why, when, and how?".
The study explores the implications and rationale for incorporating text analysis in
language teaching and learning. Lastly, the relationship between the theoretical
underpinnings assumed in this study, and the learning Outcomes of Curriculum 2005 are
explored.
The study demonstrates that the theoretical framework of Grabe and Kaplan (1996) which
underlies in the construction of written texts, will not only introduce the learner to an
inclusive language pedagogy, but can be employed for effective text analysis of Tshivenda
Genre texts on Sports articles in popular magazines like BONA.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis maak gebruik van teoretiese model van Grabe en Kaplan (1996) vir die
analise van sport tydskrif artikels in Tshivenda. die teorie wat aangewind word in die
studie sluit linguistiese elemente in wat ingesluit kan word in taalonderrigmetodologie vir
die ontwikkeling van leerders se analitiese vaardighede in die analise van diskoers
strukture van skriftelike tekste. Hierdie soort analitiese vaardighede word sterk
gereflekteer in Kurrikulum 2005 vir die leer area van tale.
Die tesis wend 'n verskeidenheid teklinguistiese strategiee aan vir die analise van
geskrewe genre tekste oor menseregte en burgerlike regte vraagstukke. Daar word beoog
in die studied at die insluiting van hierdie strategiee deur onderwysers in die proses van
taalonderrig in Kurrikulum 2005 leerders in staat sal stelom tekse suksesvol te ontleed en
'n bewussyn te kry van hoe taal in tekste gebruik word. Vir die doeleindes van analise is
hierdie tesis in tekste gebruik uit BONA tydskrif met 'n inhoud oor menseregte en
gemmenskps en burgerlike regte. Die tesis demonstreer dat teksanalise tot 'n groot mate
'n ondersoek behels van generiese faktore soos kommunikatiewe doelstelling, die kultuur
en die gemeenskap waarin die teks geproduseer word.
Na 'n bespreking van die generiese faktore van tekste word in bree definisie van die term
"teks" ondersoek, en die tekslinguistiese konstruksie en bepaalde vlakke van analise word
geidentifiseer. Hierbenewens, demonsteer die studie dat die linguistiese analise van die
tekste die bespreking moet insult van die parameters van die etnografie van geskrewe
tekste soos voorgestaan deur Grabe en Kaplan (1996). Die etnografie van geskrewe
tekste behels dat die analise van tekste die volgende vrae ondersoek: "Wie skryf wat vir
watter doel, waarom, wanneer, en hoe?". Die studie ondersoek die implikasies en
motivering vir die insluiting van teknalise en taalonderrig. Laastens, word die verhouding
tussen die teoretiese grondslae, wat aanvaar word in hierdie studie, en die leeruitkomste
van Kurrikulum 2005 ondersoek.
Die studie toon aan dat teoretiese raam werk van Grabe en Kaplan (1996) wat
onderliggend is aan die konstruksie van geskrewe tekste kan aanvaar word om leerders in
te lei in 'n meer inklusiewe taalonderrig en kan aangewend word vir effektiewe teks analise
van Tshivenda genre tekste gebaseer op die Sport tydskrifte soos BONA.
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Mudau, Mpfariseni Andrew. "Tsenguluso ya mushumo wa makhadzi kha mvelele ya tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1145.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2012<br>The mini-dissertation investigated the role played by an aunt in African Culture with special reference to Tshivenḓa. The study has discovered that an aunt played an important role in a family. Nowadays, other people are involved in the role played by makhadzi. This seems as if the community is confused about the role of makhadzi
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Mundalamo, Rabelani Phyllis. "The ideophones in Tshivenda : a syntactic and semantic analysis." Thesis, University of the North, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2107.
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Netshiavha, Avhatakali Rosemary. "Tsenguluso ya u tenda kha u via kha Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1256.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) --University of Limpopo, 2013<br>Ngudo iyi yo sengulusa u via kha Tshivenḓa. Hu na nḓila nnzhi dzine u tenda kha u via ha itelwa zwone. U tenda kha u via ndi zwa ndeme kha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa. Fhedzi maitele aya a u via a vhonala a si avhuḓi, nahone a tshi khou lwiwa nao uri a fhele.
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Raliphaswa, Samuel Nndanduleni. "The speech act of advice in educational contexts in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50526.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines data from advice-giving in Tshivenda relating to pragmatic theorist's
argument that every human interaction, to a large extent carries with it an element of
threatening to one or both participant's face. The speech act of politeness has been identified
as one of the most effective speech acts to be employed in giving as well as soliciting advice.
Every speech acts is influenced by contextual, cultural and many other background factors
associated to age, gender and rank which contribute towards how a speech is composed.
The issues relating to the theory of politeness prompted this study on the extent to which
politeness plays a role in giving advice in an educational context of Tshivenda speaking
learners. The study has employed Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness as a universal
phenomenon against the findings of my data, in that universality of these theorists does not
quite fit with this study.
In this study, politeness in Tshivenda school context has demonstrated that it has been
employed as a strategy for encoding distance between speaker and the solicitor. The purpose
of advising teachers and students through politeness behavior is to mitigate face and to
create a favourable context anticipated by the solicitor.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek data van adviesgewing in Tshivenda in verband tot die pragmatiekteoretikus
se argument dat elke menslike interaksie tot 'n groot mate daarmee saamdra 'n
element van bedreiging vir een of beide deelnemers se gesig ('face'). Die spraakhandeling
van beleefdheid is geïdentifiseer as een van die mees effektiewe spraakhandelinge wat
gebruik word in die gee en vra van advies. Elke spraakhandeling word beïnvloed deur
kontekstuele kulturele en talle ander agtergrondfaktore wat verband hou met ouderdom,
gender, en rang, wat bydra tot die kernposisie van die spraakhandeling. Die vraagstukke
rakende die teorie van beleefdheid het hierdie studie gemotiveer, wat handelaar die mate
waartoe beleefdheid 'n rol speel in adviesgewing in Tshivenda in opvoedkundige kontekste
deur leerders. Die studie het Brown en Levinson se teorie van beleefdheid aangewend en geevalueer
teenoor die bevindinge van die data van Tshivenda. Daar is bevind dat die
universaliteits-aansprake van Brown en Levinson nie volledig strook met die data uit
Tshivenda nie.
In hierdie studie, het beleefdheid in Tshivenda in skoolkontekste gedemonstreer dat dit
ingespan word om afstand te kodeer tussen spreker en hoorder. Die doel van adviesgewing
aan onderwysers en leerders deur beleefdheidsgedrag is om gesig te verminder en om 'n
gunstige konteks te skep, soos geantisipeer deur die adviesvraer.
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Nenungwi, Tondani Grace. "Non-verbal communication in Tshivenda: a sociolinguistic and discourse analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1542.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D. (Tshivenda)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015<br>This study examines the role of non-verbal communication among the Vhavenḓa. It must be borne in mind that in comparison with verbal communication non-verbal communication tends to be perceived less accurately. This seems to be because every culture interprets body language, gestures, postures and vocal noises differently. Thus, in many instances, non-verbal communication tends to be misinterpreted and misunderstood. This is the problem that the study investigated and the findings of the study may help to indicate ways that can be used to interpret non-verbal communication in Tshivenḓa correctly.
From the data collected, the study showed that there are several types of non-verbal communication that Tshivenḓa speakers use regularly. These are silence, kinesics, postures, facial expressions, heptics, proxemics and time. The study has adopted the qualitative research approach to collect and analyse the data. Using this approach, the study determined that there are several meanings that the Vhavenḓa associate with the aforementioned types of non-verbal communication. For instance, silence is largely associated with respect, good manners and satisfaction. Kinesics actions, such as kneeling down, denote kindness, honour and welcome. The study also shows the disadvantages of non-verbal communication which are part of silence, such as an indication of hatred, loneliness and witchcraft. In the main, the study shows that non-verbal communication in the Tshivenḓa culture is also gender based. For example, men are discouraged from walking behind their women as they would be deemed to be stupid, weak and lacking in leadership qualities. This fosters gender stereotypes and inequality between males and females - aspects which the constitution of the country discourages.
The results of the study have led to several recommendations of which the following are the more prominent ones: as silence is not always golden Tshivenḓa-speakers should be encouraged to voice their feelings rather than remain in bondage forever and good manners should be encouraged as long as their realisation does not trample on people’s rights - regardless of their gender. Crucially, the study also recommends that life is dynamic and some cultural attributes that were fashionable in the past are no longer so today. Therefore, men especially should be taught to accept the new democratic order which accords everyone the respect they deserve - regardless of age, gender and religion.
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Nengovhela, Rofhiwa Emmanuel. "The role of symbolism in Tshivenda discourse : a semantic analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1342.
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Luvhengo, Nkhangweleni. "Linguistic minorities in the South African context : the case of Tshivenda." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001862.
Full textAbstract:
After many years of the oppressive apartheid government, the new democratic era came into being in 1994. Lot of policy changes came into being, including language policy. This new language policy of the post-apartheid era recognises eleven official languages which include the nine indigenous African languages which were previously recognised as regional languages in the different homelands. The present study investigates the progress of Tshivenda in terms of status and development since it was accorded the official status in South Africa. Literature investigating the status of Tshivenda is generally sparse. This study investigates the status of Tshivenda in South Africa to explore how minority languages which are also recognised as official languages are treated. In most multilingual countries, there are issues which affect the development of minority languages, but the South African situation is interesting in that some of the minority languages are recognised as official languages. This study is a comparative in nature. Firstly, the study compares the level of corpus planning and development in Tshivenda and other indigenous South African languages. Secondly, it compares how people use Tshivenda in a rural area of Lukalo Village where the language is not under pressure from other languages and in Cosmo City, an urban area in Gauteng where Tshivenda speakers come into contact with speakers of more dominant languages such as isiZulu and Sesotho. Language use in different domains like, media, education, government and the home is considered in order to establish how people use languages and the factors which influence their linguistic behaviours. The study also establishes the perceptions and attitudes of the speakers of Tshivenda as a minority and those of the speakers of other languages towards Tshivenda’s role in the different domains such as education and the media. This study was influenced by previous research (Alexander 1989, Webb 2002) which found out that during the apartheid period Tshivenda speakers used to disguise their identity by adopting dominant languages like isiZulu and Sesotho in Johannesburg. Accordingly, the present research wanted to establish how the language policy change in the democratic era has impacted on the confidence of Tshivenda speakers regarding themselves and their language. This study establishes that although Tshivenda is now an official language in post-apartheid South Africa, it still has features of underdevelopment and marginalization that are typically of unofficial minority languages. Translation, lexicographic and terminological work in this language still lags behind that of other indigenous South African languages and there is still a shortage of school textbooks and adult literature in this language. As a result, using the language in education, the media and other controlling domains is still quite challenging, although positive developments such as the teaching of the language at university level can be noted. The Tshivenda speakers generally have a positive attitude towards their language and seem prepared to learn and use it confidently as long its functional value is enhanced, which is currently not happening. As a result, some Tshivenda speakers still regard English as a more worthwhile language to learn at the expense of their language
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Ntshauba, Siwethu Thomas. "Tsenguluso ya ndila dza u vha maine wa sialala kha Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2360.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. (Folklore)) --University of Limpopo, 2011<br>The mini-dissertation investigated the ways in which one qualifies as a traditional healer in Tshivenda. The study has discovered that a person cannot choose to become a traditional healer, he or she is chosen by the ancestors into this profession and they make their wishes known to the person concerned through continuous illness and dreams. Nowadays, there is an increased number of traditional healers in the community. It seems as if the community is confused as to whether all these healers have gone through the proper ways of becoming a traditional healer in Tshivenḓa or they are largely interested in the economic gain.
34
Mashamba, Mabula. "Translation and cultural adaptation with specific reference to Tshivenda and English." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2319.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.(African language))--University of Limpopo, 2011<br>The aim of this study was to investigate the problems encountered by translators when translating medical terms from English into Tshivenda. It has been revealed in this study that the major problem that the translators are confronted with is lack of terminology in the specialized field such as Health. This problem is caused by the fact that different languages entail a variety of culture. The study revealed that most translators and lexicographers resort to transliteration and borrowing when confronted with zero-equivalence. They regard transliteration and borrowing as the quickest possible strategies. The study discovered that transliteration should not be opted as an alternative strategy to deal with zero-equivalence as users will be led to a state of confusion. The study revealed that communicative translation is regarded as the most fruitful method of translation as it conveys the exact message of the original in a best possible manner. Both the source and the target users get the same message.
35
Nekhongoni, Manthageli Edward. "Tsenguluso ya vhuumba na vhungonwa kha luambo na matshilisano a Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1258.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. ( African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2013<br>The study examines the impact of sterility on Tshivenḓa language and social life. The study deals with words and other linguistic aspects that are generated by this condition and how sterility influences social relations among the Vhavenḓa.
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Nemakhavhani, Daniel Phuluwani. "Palatalization and labialization in Tshivenda : a linear and non-linear phonological analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52984.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on two phonological processes occurring in Venda, i.e. on
palatalization and labialization. Two phonological models are applied to describe these
phenomena: a traditional (linear) phonological model, the Transformational Generative
model of Chomsky and Halle (1968), and a non-linear Feature Geometry model of
Clements (1985). This was done in order to ascertain which model would be more
effective in its coverage of these sound changes. The core concepts of each model were
described and the sound system of Venda was analysed in terms of distinctive features.
The application of the two models led to the conclusion that a linearly structured model
seem to be more effective to account for both these phenomena in Venda than its nonlinear
counterpart.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op twee fonologiese prosesse in Venda, tewete palatalisasie en
labialisasie. Twee fonologie modelle word toegepas om hierdie verskynsels mee te
beskryf: 'n tradisionele liniêre model, die sg Transformasioneel Generatiewe model van
Chomsky an Halle (1968), en 'n nie-liniêre model van Clements (1985). Die doel hiermee
was om te bepaal welke model hierdie verskynsels die beste kan beskryf. Die
hoofkomponente van elke model is vireers bespreek waarna die klanke van Venda ontleed
is in terme van distinktiewe kenmerke. Uit die toepassing van die twee modelle het dit
duidelik geblyk dat die liniêre model "n veel beter beskrywing moontlik maak van die
verskynsels as die meer kontemporêre nie-liniêre model.
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Mahwasane, Mutshinyani Mercy. "Tsenguluso ya ndeme ya u thuswa ha nwana nga ndila ya Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1239.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012<br>Ngudo ino yo sengulusa ndeme ya u thusa ṅwana ho sedzwa nḓila ya Tshivenḓa, sa izwi maitele aya a tshi khou ngalangala musalauno. Ngudo iyi yo sumbedza uri u thusiwa hu kha ḓi vha hone naho mathusele a hone o fhambana, sa izwi zwi tshi bva kha thendelano ya muṱa. Ho wanala uri kha muthuso hu shumiswa vhathu vhofhambanaho u fana na vhomaine, vhakegulu, vhafunzi kana ha tou rengwa mishonga ine ya shumiswa kha u thusa ṅwana. Ngudo yo dovha ya sumbedza mvelelo mmbi dza u sa thusa ṅwana na mvelelo mbuya dza u thusa ṅwana.
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Makumbane, Livhuwani Meriam. "Tsenguluso nga ha thuthuwedzo i bveledzwaho nga kushumiselwe kwa thekhinolodzhi kha Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2357.
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Thesis (M. A.) --University of Limpopo, 2014<br>The research focused on the effects of technology on language, with special reference to Tshivenda. These effects pertain to various aspects such as communication, agriculture, socialization, health, arts, sports, initiation schools, economy, transport, beliefs, food, drinks and utensils. The study further revealed that technology has several positive results such as the creation of new words. The study also indicated the negative effects of technology on language. In this regard it concentrated on the diminishing of Tshivenḓa words which ultimately may in future lead to their extinction. Lastly the study urged all people to accept technology and used in wisely for the benefit of our future generation because it is here to stay.
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Ndadza, Muanalo Johanna. "Thodisiso ya ndeme ya mikhwa na vhudifari zwo disendeka kha ngano dza Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2374.
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Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2018<br>Muhumbulo muhulawane wa ṱhoḓisiso iyi ho vha u sengulusa ndeme ya mikhwa na vhuḓifari zwo ḓisendeka kha ngano dza Tshivenḓa.
Ngudo iyi yo zwi bvisela khagala na u tumbula uri ndi zwa ndeme vhukuma u anetshela vhana ngano sa izwi dzi dzone thikho ya u funza vhana mikhwa na vhuḓifari havhuḓi vhune vha ḓo vhu shumisa kha vhutshilo havho hoṱhe mahayani, zwikoloni, mishumoni, kerekeni na hoṱhehoṱhe. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo dovha hafhu ya sumbedza na masiandaitwa a mikhwa na vhuḓifari vhu si havhuḓi. Ho ḓo wanala mawanwa na themendelo dzi bvaho kha mafhungo o kuvhanganywaho a themendelaho uri naho hu khou vha na u dzhenelela ha zwithu zwinzhi zwa maitele a musalauno, kha ri ḓiṋee tshifhinga tsha u anetshela vhana na zwiḓuhulu zwashu ngano sa zwe zwa itwa nga vha musalauḽa u itela u vhulunga luambo na mvelele yashu ya Tshivenḓa.
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Nthulana, Ipfani. "Challenges faced by Tshivenda-speaking teachers when instructing Grade 4 learners in English." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60971.
Full textAbstract:
The South African Constitution promotes multilingualism while acknowledging the maintenance of home languages. Meanwhile the language-in-education policy (Department of National Education, 1994) declares that every learner has the right to receive education in the language that he/she understands best where this is practicable. According to programme requirements of the Intermediate Phase (Grades 4 6), two official languages must be selected by a learner of which one should be the home language and the other one used as a first additional language. One of these languages will serve as the language of learning (Department of Basic Education: Programme and Promotion Requirements, 2011) This study outlined the challenges that Grade 4 teachers in the monolingual rural area of Niani face when teaching through English. This case study was designed as a qualitative research underpinned by Krashen's theory of second language acquisition (1982), which underlines the importance of interaction.
The literature reviewed showed how teachers developed strategies to cope when a second language is used as the medium of instruction in monolingual societies. The participants of the study include six Grade 4 teachers who are mother tongue speakers of Tshivenda and two curriculum advisors of Niani in Limpopo province. Data were collected via classroom observations and interviews in order to establish the challenges teachers face when they switch from using Tshivenda to English once the learners move to Grade 4 and how these teachers cope. The findings indicate that teachers in rural monolingual communities in Niani find it difficult to meet the curriculum demands in terms of the medium of instruction. Grade 3 learners move to Grade 4 with little English vocabulary and this makes teaching problematic. Teachers spend most of their time translating the lessons into Tshivenda, a strategy which further limits both teachers' and learners' English exposure. Teachers too' were found not to be sufficiently proficient in English. The significance of the study relates to the educational issues of rural schools that are ignored by officialdom, including the fact that teachers are not adequately prepared to teach in English. In addition, learners transitioning to the medium of English are not sufficiently supported. Hence, policies need revision and interventions to address linguistic shortcomings of teachers and learners ought to be designed and implemented if English remains the medium of instruction.<br>Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Humanities Education<br>MEd<br>Unrestricted
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Nengovhela, Rofhiwa Emmanuel. "The role of symbolism in Tsivenda discourse : a semantic analysis." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2312.
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Ntsieni, Rejoyce Talifhani. "The establishment of implicit perspectives of personality in Tshivenda-speaking South Africans / R.T. Ntsieni." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1288.
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Radzhadzhi, Musiiwa Aaron. "Nasal assimilation and related processes in Tshivenda : a linear and non-linear phonological analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52949.
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Thesis (MA)--University of South Africa, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on nasal strengthening and nasal assimilation processes in Tshivenda.
Two phonological models are applied in order to present credible descriptions and
explanations of these phenomena. After having described the core components of,
respectively, the classical Transformational Generative (TG) model of Chomsky & Halle
(1968), and the more contemporary feature Geometry (FG) model, analyses of the
phenomena are presented. It appears as if the TG model can handle the idiosyncrasies of
the language more elegantly, with a sustained high level of credibility. The FG model is
unable to render the same results.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op nasaalversterking en nasaalassimilasie in Tshivenda. Twee
fonologiese modelle word aangewend om hierdie verskynsels te beskryf en te verklaar. Die
klassieke versie van liniêre fonologie, die sogenaamde SPE model van Chomsky en Halle
(1968) is eerste aan die orde gestel. Daar is gevind dat dit tot In groot mate daarin slaag
om die onderskeie prosesse te verklaar. Nadat die kernkomponente van die sogenaamde
FG model verduidelik is, is hierdie modelook toegepas. Verskeie gebreke in die toepassing
van hierdie model het na vore gekom. Ten slotte word bevind dat die klassieke TG model
die verskynsels meer omvattend kan hanteer as die FG model.
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Nenungwi, Tondani Grace. "Tsedzuluso ya thuthuwedzo ya lutendo lwa vhuloi kha vhushaka vhukati ha vhathu kha Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/921.
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Thesis (M.A.) --University of Limpopo, 2010<br>Ngudo iyi i khou sedzulusa ṱhuṱhuwedzo ya lutendo lwa vhuloi kha vhushaka vhukati ha vhathu kha Tshivenḓa. Luambo lu kwamaho matshilisano na vhupfiwa zwi ḓo dzhielwa nzhele. Hu ḓo sedziwa na maipfi a elanaho na zwa vhuloi. Izwi zwi ḓo itwa ho katelwa vhuḓipfi, u vhaisala, kudzhielwe kwa zwithu, mbeu na maambele musi hu na lutendo lwa zwa vhuloi. Ndi zwa ndeme u ḓivha uri dziṅanga dzi na luambo lu ne dza lu shumisa u sumbedzisa vhuloi ngeno vho vhafunzi vha zwa vhurereli vha na maitele na maambele a vho.
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Mukhuwana, Joyce. "Tsenguluso ya thuthuwedzo ya maitele a tshirema kha vhurereli ha tshikhiresite ro sedza kha Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1146.
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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2012<br>The title of the research topic is: The critical analysis of African Traditional African Culture with special reference to Tshivenḓa in Christianity. The study would be based on the influence of Tradional Venḓa Culture to Christianity Religion. Though Vhavenḓa may be converted from Vhavenḓa Tradional Culture to Christianity their culture still influences their way of practising Christianity. The study will also examine ways, when and where these practises of Tshivenḓa have the influence in Christianity.
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Rananga, Namadzavho Esther. "Mushumo wa vhalala kha mvelele ya Tshivenda zho livhanywa na theminolodzhi ya vhushaka ha malofha." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2323.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.(African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2009.<br>Tshipikwa tsha ngudo iyi ho vha u sedzulusa zwine vhalala vha nga thusa ngazwo kha u kona u tandulula thaidzo dzine ra vha nadzo ano maḓuvha. Ri tshi sedza miṱa i khou pwashea ḓuvha ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe nga ṅwambo wa u shaya ngeletshedzo dza vhalala nga maanḓa vha vhushaka ha malofha.
Zwo vhonala kha ino ngudo uri vhaṅwe vhaṅwali na vhasengulusi vho vhona zwi zwa ndeme u kona u ṱalutshedza ndeme ya vhalala na zwine vha eletshedza.
U shumiswa ha theminolodzhi ya vhushaka ha malofha zwo kona u vhonala uri nga ngoho, ya swika hune ya tevhelwa na u ṱhonifhiwa zwi ḓo ita uri ḽi kone u lala miṱani yashu. Nga u nyadza ngeletshedzo dzi bvaho kha vhalala zwo sumbedzwa kha ino ngudo uri vhathu vha nga dzula vha tshi vhaisala vhutshiloni havho. Zwenezwo theminolodzhi ya vhushaka ha malofha ndi zwa ndeme uri i ṱhonifhiwe ngauri i ṋea tshirunzi miṱa na uri miṱa ya sa kwashekane na u fhalala.
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Nangambi, Noria Ntshengedzeni. "Tshenguluso ya ndeme ya nyaluwo ya luambo lwa Tshivenda yo tutuwedzwayo nga mupindulelo wa maipfi." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2378.
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Thesis (M.A.) --University of Limpopo, 2012<br>The study dealt with enrichment of Tshivenḓa language through adoption of words from other languages such as English, Afrikaans, Sotho, Tsonga, Zulu and many more. The study discovered that no language can remain static forever and this applies to Tshivenḓa as well. Every successive generation makes its own small contribution to language change and when sufficient time has elapsed the impact of these changes becomes more obvious. It however cautions that borrowing of words should not be overdone as this may lead to the disappearance of Tshivenḓa as we know it.
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Nthambeleni, Mashudu. "A critical analysis of the role of translation in lexicography with reference to English-Tshivenda bilingual dictionaries." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1765.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) --University of Limpopo, 2016.<br>Lack of properly translated Tshivenḓa-English dictionaries is a great challenge to dictionary users. In an attempt to address this challenge or problem, linguistic approach has been employed in this study, which was conducted in Vhembe District in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. This study critically analyses the role of translation in lexicography with special reference to selected Tshivenḓa-/English bilingual dictionaries. The selected dictionaries are: Tshikota’s (2006) Tshivenḓa/English Ṱhalusamaipfi Dictionary and Van Warmelo’s (1989) Venḓa Dictionary.
The aim of this study was to examine the role of translation in lexicography with special reference to Tshivenḓa-English dictionaries. This study utilised a qualitative technique to collect the data and interviews were conducted with lexicographers, university lecturers, language practitioners, Tshivenḓa grade 12 educators and court interpreters. Data were analysed based on different answers from different questions posed to different respondents. The study showed that people who compile dictionaries and do translation, do not have proper background in translation. In addition, some of the people are not fluent in both the source and the target languages.
It is recommended that in order to produce user-friendly dictionaries, compilers and translators should get a proper training in translation. In addition, translators should be fluent in both the source and target languages. Finally, school books (including prescribed and content books), should be translated in order to provide effective teaching and learning.
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Mashamba, Mabula. "Translation and cultural adaptation with reference to Tshivenda and English : a case study of the medical field." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2193.
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Thesis (M.A. (African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2011<br>The aim of this study was to investigate the problems encountered by translators when translating medical terms from English into Tshivenda. It has been revealed in this study that the major problem that the translators are confronted with is lack of terminology in the specialized field such as Health. This problem is caused by the fact that different languages entail a variety of culture. The study revealed that most translators and lexicographers resort to transliteration and borrowing when confronted with zero-equivalence. They regard transliteration and borrowing as the quickest possible strategies. The study discovered that transliteration should not be opted as an alternative strategy to deal with zero-equivalence as users will be led to a state of confusion. The study revealed that communicative translation is regarded as the most fruitful method of translation as it conveys the exact message of the original in a best possible manner. Both the source and the target users get the same message.
KEY CONCEPTS
Translation, Culture, Source Language (SL), Target Language (TL), Translation equivalence and Zero-equivalence.
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Ramukosi, Patrick Mbulaheni. "Modern tragedy : a critical analysis of the elements of tragedy with special reference to N.A. Milubi's plays." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2336.
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