Journal articles: 'TSOs'

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Li, Meng Jun, Lei Lei Chang, and Ya Jie Dou. "Satisfaction Assessment of Technology System of Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 6669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.6669.

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The Technology System of Systems (TSoS) studies the technologies, as well as the connections among these technologies which were derived from the capabilities requirements and systems requirements. The TSoS related Concepts and studies are introduced. A methodology to the generation and assessment to TSoS is proposed. The generation of TSoS is based on the characteristics of different technologies and corresponding capabilities/systems requirements. The assessment of TSoS is divided as the readiness assessment and the satisfaction assessment. Only the satisfaction assessment is concerned in this study. The TSoS satisfactions assessment studies how well certain technologies can satisfy varied TSoS requirements. A case is studied to validate the efficiency of the proposed methodology using sixty technologies derived from the US weapon acquisition report for the 2012 fiscal year.

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Keller, Jann T., Gerard H. Kuper, and Machiel Mulder. "Competition under revenue-cap regulation with efficiency benchmarking: tariff related incentives for gas transmission system operators in merged markets." Journal of Regulatory Economics 58, no. 2-3 (August 29, 2020): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11149-020-09414-z.

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Abstract In Europe, gas market mergers aim at reducing restrictions on gas wholesale markets. Market mergers also allow network users to book transport capacity at different gas transmission system operators (TSOs), which may give rise to inter-TSO competition. Our theoretical analysis reveals the incentive for TSOs, operating under a revenue-cap regulation in merged markets, to charge lower tariffs at borders where different TSOs offer capacity, compared to borders where only one TSO offers capacity. This incentive does not directly result from revenue-cap regulation but is due to efficiency benchmarking. We test this hypothesis by applying a panel data analysis to tariffs charged at German border points between 2015 and 2018. In line with our hypothesis, we find lower tariffs at those border points where network users have a choice between different TSOs. An additional sensitivity analysis differentiating between transit and meshed networks confirms this result. We conclude that German TSOs, operating in merged markets and under a revenue-cap regime with efficiency benchmarking, compete for demand at borders at which different TSOs offer capacity.

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Krkoleva Mateska, Aleksandra, Petar Krstevski, and Stefan Borozan. "Overview and Improvement of Procedures and Practices of Electricity Transmission System Operators in South East Europe to Mitigate Cybersecurity Threats." Systems 9, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9020039.

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The implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in power systems increases the risks of cybersecurity threats, requiring protection measures that should reflect the multi-actor environment of the contemporary power systems. This paper provides a critical assessment of the cybersecurity practices of the transmission system operators (TSOs) from South East Europe (SEE) and the implementation of obligations for TSOs emerging from the complex set of cybersecurity and electricity legislation. The analyses of TSO cybersecurity practices are based on a survey conducted with the TSOs from SEE and show there is a lack of consistent cybersecurity policy at the TSO level. These analyses demonstrate that the differences between TSOs from the SEE region are not very significant with regards to implementation of technical protection and defense measures for critical infrastructures (CIs) and assets. The comprehensive analyses of electricity and cybersecurity legislation uncover the obligations of TSOs emerging from legislation and relate them to current TSO cybersecurity practices, confirming the necessity to boost existing practices. Considering the analyzed legislation and implemented practices, this paper presents a proposal for a cybersecurity framework for TSOs that should improve their organizational and operational response to the evolving cybersecurity challenges.

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Spain, Randall D., Jerry W. Hedge, and Jennifer K. Blanchard. "Examining Predictors of Visual Search Success in Transportation Security Officers and Behavior Detection Officers." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601809.

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Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) and Behavior Detection Officers (BDOs) are an integral part of the Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) multilayered security program. Both officers are required to visually search their environments for prohibited items and cues that might be indicative of a threat. The purpose of this project was to identify factors that predicted the visual search success of these officers. A simulated visual search task was completed by 375 TSOs and BDOs, along with a battery of surveys designed to measure individual differences in personality traits, abilities, hobbies, and spatial ability. Results showed that TSOs and BDOs were highly accurate in their searches but that TSOs searched images faster than BDOs without sacrificing accuracy. Additional results showed that the strongest predictors of visual search accuracy were search speed and search consistency, but spatial ability emerged as a significant predictor for TSOs and frequency of video-game play emerged as a significant predictor for BDOs. Additional traits were also correlated with search performance but did not emerge as significant predictors in our regression models. Practical implication and directions for future research are discussed.

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Ma, Jian, Dinghui Yang, Ping Tong, and Xiao Ma. "TSOS and TSOS-FK hybrid methods for modelling the propagation of seismic waves." Geophysical Journal International 214, no. 3 (May 25, 2018): 1665–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy215.

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Iliopoulos, Constantine N., Vladislav Valentinov, Vasyl Kvartiuk, and Bartosz Bartkowski. "Government–Third Sector Relations in European Rural Development: A Critical Perspective." Nonprofit Policy Forum 4, no. 1 (May 24, 2013): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2013-0001.

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AbstractRural development has significantly benefited from intensifying relations between the government and third sector organizations (TSOs) during the last several decades. TSOs can induce innovation in rural development in a variety of ways including advocacy, awareness raising, contracting, and direct delivery of public goods. However, there is a growing concern that these partnerships may be prone to inefficiencies due to adverse fundraising incentives. Utilizing Young’s (2000) typology in a literature review, this paper illuminates potential causes for mission and goal displacement due to adverse incentives generated by public funding programs. The paper suggests that complementary and supplementary TSOs are generally more likely to suffer from adverse incentives in comparison to adversarial ones. Institutional merging between the TSOs and the state may significantly limit the scope for innovation in rural development.

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BUCKINGHAM, HEATHER. "Capturing Diversity: A Typology of Third Sector Organisations’ Responses to Contracting Based on Empirical Evidence from Homelessness Services." Journal of Social Policy 41, no. 3 (March 22, 2012): 569–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279412000086.

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AbstractThe impacts of government contracting on third sector organisations (TSOs) have attracted much discussion; however, the diversity of the organisations that comprise the third sector means that these impacts in fact vary considerably between TSOs. In order to better understand this complexity and to analyse and articulate TSOs’ experiences more effectively, it is useful to think about different response types. Based on empirical evidence from a study of homelessness TSOs in two South East England local authorities, this paper presents a typology of organisational responses to contracting. The four types identified are: Comfortable Contractors, Compliant Contractors, Cautious Contractors, and Community-Based Non-Contractors. The varied experiences of these different types of organisation with regard to contracting are described in the paper and point to the need for greater precision and differentiation within academic debates, and in the formulation of social policy relating to the third sector.

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Silva, Ricardo, Everton Alves, Ricardo Ferreira, José Villar, and Clara Gouveia. "Characterization of TSO and DSO Grid System Services and TSO-DSO Basic Coordination Mechanisms in the Current Decarbonization Context." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154451.

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Power systems rely on ancillary services (ASs) to ensure system security and stability. Until recently, only the conventional power generation resources connected to the transmission grids were allowed to provide these ASs managed by the transmission system operators (TSOs), while distribution system operators (DSOs) had a more passive role, focused on guaranteeing distribution capacity to bring power to final consumers with enough quality. Now, with the decarbonization, digitalization and decentralization processes of the electrical networks, the growing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution grids are displacing conventional generation and increasing the complexity of distribution networks’ operation, requiring the implementation of new active and coordinated management strategies between TSOs and DSOs. In this context, DERs are becoming potential new sources of flexibility for both TSOs and DSOs in helping to manage the power system. This paper proposes a systematic characterization of both traditional and potentially new ASs for TSOs, and newly expected DSO local system services to support the new distribution grid operation paradigm, reviewing, in addition, the main TSO-DSO coordination mechanisms.

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HUSTINX, LESLEY, BRAM VERSCHUERE, and JORIS DE CORTE. "Organisational Hybridity in a Post-Corporatist Welfare Mix: The Case of the Third Sector in Belgium." Journal of Social Policy 43, no. 2 (January 31, 2014): 391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279413000962.

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AbstractAlthough mixed public–private provisions of welfare have always been a typical characteristic of continental welfare states, recent international scholarship has pointed to a historically new process of institutional hybridisation, with a more systematic intermingling of rationalities of the state, market and third sector within one and the same organisation. In this article, we address two limitations in the current knowledge: first, the absence of an indicator-model for exploring organisational hybridity empirically; second, the lack of sensitivity to cross-national variation depending on the welfare regime. We develop a multi-dimensional analytical framework that takes regime differences into account and empirically assess organisational hybridity in a (post-)corporatist welfare regime. Based on a survey of 255 third-sector organisations (TSOs) in Flanders (Belgium) and using latent class analysis, we find three clusters of TSOs that reflect different types of organisational hybridity. Contextualising our results further shows that the positioning of TSOs in our cluster model to a large extent results from the institutional context in which TSOs operate.

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Kousis, Maria, Maria Paschou, and Angelos Loukakis. "Transnational Solidarity Organisations and their Main Features, before and since 2008: Adaptive and/or Autonomous?" Sociological Research Online 26, no. 3 (September 2021): 672–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13607804211032240.

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This article highlights the importance of crisis-related transformations experienced during the 2008–2016 period by transnationally oriented, citizen-led solidarity organisations, a topic that has received scant scholarly attention. It offers an exploratory, comparative analysis of the main features of these Transnational Solidarity Organisations (TSOs) which rests on a comprehensive conceptual framework of ‘alternative forms of resilience’, referring to the ability to bounce back from hardship and meet human needs in challenging times. We apply a new methodology, Action Organisation Analysis, which is based on information coded from organisational websites of solidarity organisations retrieved from online directories. Using a sample of 1753 TSOs, we examine two types of approaches: adaptive (philanthropic, formal, or reformist) and autonomous (mutual-help, informal, or contentious) ones. We document differential transformations for adaptive and autonomous TSOs, as reflected in their major characteristics, that is, their value frames, partners, and routes to achieve their goals and supplementary actions, across time and in three different issue fields: migration, disabilities, and unemployment. Notable are the increasing shifts towards social change and protests, especially for unemployment TSOs, and less so for migration ones. The findings contribute to debates on the impact of crises on activist solidarity organisations by documenting the dialectics of autonomy and adaptation across contemporary social issues, as well as by highlighting the importance of TSOs’ hybrid features. This analysis will also be useful for future work on transnational solidarity organisations and their transitions in a rapidly evolving global society.

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Dagdeviren, Hulya, Matthew Donoghue, and Alexis Wearmouth. "When rhetoric does not translate to reality: Hardship, empowerment and the third sector in austerity localism." Sociological Review 67, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026118807631.

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Austerity localism powerfully explains dynamics of (dis)empowerment at the local level, especially regarding the autonomy and accountability of local authorities and third sector organisations (TSOs) in the UK. Yet these dynamics at institutional level have also a clear impact on individuals, especially the socio-economically vulnerable. This is especially true in a time of cost-containment and welfare retrenchment. This article addresses a gap in the literature by focusing not only on TSOs but also on the experiences of vulnerable individuals under austerity localism. The discussion is centred on two types of TSOs: foodbanks and advice/advocacy organisations. Drawing upon primary qualitative data from three locations in England and Wales, the article argues that the emphatic rhetoric of empowerment within austerity localism, which others have shown to be problematic at the institutional level, does not translate into real-world empowerment for service users and other vulnerable individuals. In making the argument the article contributes to work on expanding the analytical scope of austerity localism, as well as further exploring the roles and prospects of TSOs in the current long period of austerity in the UK.

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Rious, Vincent, Jean-Michel Glachant, Yannick Perez, and Philippe Dessante. "The diversity of design of TSOs." Energy Policy 36, no. 9 (September 2008): 3323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.05.010.

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Klentrou, Panagiota, Izabella A. Ludwa, and Bareket Falk. "Factors associated with bone turnover and speed of sound in early and late-pubertal females." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 5 (October 2011): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-085.

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This cross-sectional study examines whether maturity, body composition, physical activity, dietary intake, and hormonal concentrations are related to markers of bone turnover and tibial speed of sound (tSOS) in premenarcheal (n = 20, 10.1 ± 1.1 years) and postmenarcheal girls (n = 28, aged 15.0 ± 1.4 years). Somatic maturity was evaluated using years from age of peak height velocity (aPHV). Daily dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h recall interview, and moderate to very vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured using accelerometry. Plasma levels of 25-OH vitamin D, serum levels of insulin-like growth-factor 1 (IGF-1) and leptin, and serum levels of bone turnover markers including osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and cross-linked N-teleopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) were measured using ELISA. OC, BAP, and NTX were significantly higher while IGF-1 and tSOS were lower in the premenarcheal group. The premenarcheal girls were more active and had higher daily energy intake relative to their body mass but there were no group differences in body mass index percentile. Maturity predicted 40%–57% of the variance in bone turnover markers. Additionally, daily energy intake was a significant predictor of OC, especially in the postmenarcheal group. IGF-1 and MVPA were significant predictors of BAP in the group as a whole. However, examined separately, IGF-1 was a predictor of BAP in the premenarcheal group while MVPA was a predictor in the postmenarcheal group. Adiposity and leptin were both negative predictors of tSOS, with leptin being specifically predictive in the postmenarcheal group. In conclusion, while maturity was the strongest predictor of bone markers and tSOS, dietary intake, physical activity, body composition, and hormonal factors further contribute to the variance in bone turnover and bone SOS in young Caucasian females. Further, the predicting factors of bone turnover and tSOS were different within each maturity group.

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Najibi, Fatemeh, Dimitra Apostolopoulou, and Eduardo Alonso. "TSO-DSO Coordination Schemes to Facilitate Distributed Resources Integration." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147832.

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The incorporation of renewable energy into power systems poses serious challenges to the transmission and distribution power system operators (TSOs and DSOs). To fully leverage these resources there is a need for a new market design with improved coordination between TSOs and DSOs. In this paper we propose two coordination schemes between TSOs and DSOs: one centralised and another decentralised that facilitate the integration of distributed based generation; minimise operational cost; relieve congestion; and promote a sustainable system. In order to achieve this, we approximate the power equations with linearised equations so that the resulting optimal power flows (OPFs) in both the TSO and DSO become convex optimisation problems. In the resulting decentralised scheme, the TSO and DSO collaborate to optimally allocate all resources in the system. In particular, we propose an iterative bi-level optimisation technique where the upper level is the TSO that solves its own OPF and determines the locational marginal prices at substations. We demonstrate numerically that the algorithm converges to a near optimal solution. We study the interaction of TSOs and DSOs and the existence of any conflicting objectives with the centralised scheme. More specifically, we approximate the Pareto front of the multi-objective optimal power flow problem where the entire system, i.e., transmission and distribution systems, is modelled. The proposed ideas are illustrated through a five bus transmission system connected with distribution systems, represented by the IEEE 33 and 69 bus feeders.

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Pape, Ulla, Rafael Chaves-Ávila, Joachim Benedikt Pahl, Francesca Petrella, Bartosz Pieliński, and Teresa Savall-Morera. "Working under pressure: economic recession and third sector development in Europe." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2016): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2016-0010.

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Purpose – The context conditions for third sector organizations (TSOs) in Europe have significantly changed as a result of the global economic crisis, including decreasing levels of public funding and changing modes of relations with the state. The effect of economic recession, however, varies across Europe. The purpose of this paper is to understand why this is the case. It analyses the impact of economic recession and related policy changes on third sector development in Europe. The economic effects on TSOs are thereby placed into a broader context of changing third sector policies and welfare state restructuring. Design/methodology/approach – The paper focusses on two research questions: how has the changing policy environment affected the development of the third sector? And what kind of strategies have TSOs adopted to respond to these changes? The paper first investigates general trends in Europe, based on a conceptual model that focusses on economic recession and austerity policies with regard to the third sector. In a second step of analysis, the paper provides five country case studies that exemplify policy changes and responses from the third sector in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain. Findings – The paper argues that three different development paths can be identified across Europe. In some countries (France and Spain), TSOs face a strong effect of economic recession. In other countries (Germany and Poland) the development of the third sector remains largely stable, albeit at different levels, whereas in the Netherlands, TSOs rather experience changes in the policy environment than a direct impact of economic decline. The paper also shows that response strategies of the third sector in Europe depend on the context conditions. The paper is based on the European project “Third Sector Impact.” It combines an analysis of statistical information with qualitative data from interviews with third sector representatives. Originality/value – The paper contributes to our understanding of the interrelation between economic recession, long-term policy changes and third sector development in Europe.

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Zhang, Anan, Shi Chen, Fan Zhang, Xuliang Zhang, Hongwei Li, and Xue Gong. "Coordinated reactive power optimization for multi-TSO grids in an autonomous way." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 35, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 1724–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2015-0427.

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Purpose It is very indispensable for the various control centers of multi-transmission system owners (TSOs) grids to coordinate their reactive power optimization (RPO) efforts. However, such coordinated equilibrium point is comparatively hard to achieve unless one TSO control center could obtain all grids’ information in detail, which may lead to confidential issue and heavy communicating load. The purpose of this paper is to propose a solution to optimizing the reactive power control efforts among multi-TSOs grids with a mathematic interconnection model and reasonable communication cost. Design/methodology/approach Based on the interconnected power network equation, the stability-related optimum reactive power injection and the power-loss-related optimum reactive power injection were derived, respectively. Furthermore, according to the decomposition-and-coordination-based computing methodology, a coordinated RPO model for interconnected TSOs was designed, taking into consideration both the static voltage stability and economy. Findings The extreme values for the indicator L of power grid voltage stability and active power loss function were found and proved to be minimums. According to these extreme values, an expression for the reactive power injection at interconnected nodes between TSOs grids was obtained, and a coordinated strategy of RPO was established, which could take the static voltage stability and economy into consideration without confidential concern. Originality/value The existence of minimum values for indicator L of voltage stability and power loss was demonstrated, respectively. And the method presented in this paper can ensure the safety of information among different TSO grids, i.e. avoiding confidential issues. In particular, the coordinated control method can be implemented on the local power grid without knowing all of the parameters of its interconnection.

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Foster, Alexis, Alicia O'Cathain, and Janet Harris. "How do third sector organisations or charities providing health and well-being services in England implement patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)? A qualitative interview study." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e039116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039116.

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ObjectivesTo identify the facilitators and barriers to implementing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in third sector organisations (TSOs) delivering health and well-being services.DesignA qualitative interview study. Participants were recruited using purposive, opportunistic and snowballing methods. Framework analysis was used.SettingTSOs including charities, community groups and not-for-profit organisations in England, UK.ParticipantsThirty interviewees including service users, TSO front-line workers and managers, commissioners of TSOs and other stakeholders such as academic researchers.ResultsTSOs primarily used PROMs because of pressures arising from the external funding context. However, organisations often struggled to implement PROMs, rarely getting the process right first time. Facilitators for implementation included having an implementation lead committed to making it work, investing resources in data management systems and support staff and taking a collaborative approach to designing the PROMs process. The latter helped to ensure an appropriate PROMs process for the specific TSO including choosing a suitable measure and planning how data would be collected, processed and used. There was a dilemma about whether TSOs should use standardised well-being measures (eg, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale) or design their own PROM. Not all TSOs sustained the collection and reporting of PROMs over time because this required a change in organisational culture to view PROMs as beneficial for the TSO and PROMs becoming part of front-line workers’ job specifications.ConclusionsTSOs are trying to use PROMs because they feel they have no choice but often struggle with implementation. Having an implementation lead, designing an appropriate process, investing resources, training staff and taking mitigating action to address potential barriers can facilitate implementation. Some of the findings are consistent with the experiences of more clinical services so appear relevant to the implementation of PROMs irrespective of the specific context.

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Van Vyve, Cécile. "Financial Investors and the Unbundling Provisions for TSOs." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 23, Issue 2 (April 1, 2014): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2014006.

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Starlinger, Thomas, and Tamara Karlovsky. "Certification of TSOs, Opinions of The European Commission." European Energy & Climate Journal 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/eecj.2013.02.06.

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Srivastava, Puneet K., Amar N. Tiwari, and Sri N. Singh. "Impacts of Wind Energy Integration to the Utility Grid and Grid Codes: A Review." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 446–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666190709102957.

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Background: This paper reviews the requirements imposed by Transmission System Operators (TSOs) in their grid codes to address intolerable implications of integrating large Wind Power Plants (WPPs) to the grid. Besides the common objectives, terminologies used by different TSOs were distinct. Therefore, developing a harmonized grid code is imperative. Introduction: On the recommendation of the European Commission, European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) has made concerted efforts in the direction of developing a harmonized grid code, and published its document in March 2013. Method: Several TSOs have updated their grid codes in accordance with the increasing wind energy penetration. We have made an effort to present a comparison between different integration requirements specified by different grid codes. The outcomes presented will certainly be beneficial to the countries, which are in the process of enacting their own grid code. Result: We have reviewed different grid codes in terms of Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) requirement, operating voltage and frequency range, active power control (frequency regulation) and reactive power support (voltage regulation). Conclusion: The present study envisages helping wind turbine manufacturers and WPP developers, as it would provide them a clear insight into the regulations imposed on WPPs as included/ updated in different grid codes.

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Mladenov, Valeri, Vesselin Chobanov, George Calin Seritan, Radu Florin Porumb, Bogdan-Adrian Enache, Vasiliki Vita, Marilena Stănculescu, Thong Vu Van, and Dimitrios Bargiotas. "A Flexibility Market Platform for Electricity System Operators Using Blockchain Technology." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020539.

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The paper’s main objective is to demonstrate the trading and flexibility of services amongst TSOs, DSOs, and Prosumers in a transparent, secure, and cost-effective manner using Blockchain-based TSO-DSO flexibility marketplace (EFLEX). The aim is to look for ways to help DSOs/TSOs be more flexible and more directly engaged in managing energy flows on the network. EFLEX will streamline the needs of both TSO and DSO on the same platform. Based on the paper’s proposed services, the pilot service demonstration will be carried out in Bulgaria and Romania, and the main focus will be on congestion management, TSO-DSO Coordination, and Marketplace. The proposed objective is achieved by using Blockchain-based smart contracts and distributed ledger technology.

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Allen, Pauline, Simon Turner, Will Bartlett, Virginie Perotin, Greenwell Matchaya, and Bernarda Zamora. "Provider Diversity in the English NHS: A Study of Recent Developments in Four Local Health Economies." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 17, no. 1_suppl (January 2012): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2011.011015.

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Objectives To assess the impact of provider diversity on quality and innovation in the English NHS by mapping the extent of diverse provider activity and identifying the differences in performance between Third Sector Organisations (TSOs), for-profit private enterprises, and incumbent organizations within the NHS, and the factors that affect the entry and growth of new providers. Methods Case studies of four local health economies. Data included: semi-structured interviews with 48 managerial and clinical staff from NHS organizations and providers from the private and third sector; some documentary evidence; a focus group with service users; and routine data from the Care Quality Commission and Companies House. Data collection was mainly between November 2008 and November 2009. Results Involvement of diverse providers in the NHS is limited. Commissioners' local strategies influence degrees of diversity. Barriers to entry for TSOs include lack of economies of scale in the bidding process. Private providers have greater concern to improve patient pathways and patient experience, whereas TSOs deliver quality improvements by using a more holistic approach and a greater degree of community involvement. Entry of new providers drives NHS trusts to respond by making improvements. Information sharing diminishes as competition intensifies. Conclusions There is scope to increase the participation of diverse providers in the NHS but care must be taken not to damage public accountability, overall productivity, equity and NHS providers (especially acute hospitals, which are likely to remain in the NHS) in the process.

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Parente, Cristina. "Social entrepreneurship in Portugal." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 36, no. 7/8 (July 11, 2016): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-01-2016-0002.

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Purpose – This paper provides a reflection about the usefulness of the concept of social entrepreneurship to Portuguese third sector organizations (TSOs) with the purpose of understanding the paths undertaken by the latter. Departing from a theoretical synthesis inspired by different approaches to social entrepreneurship, the purpose of this paper is to offer an operative view of the concept in light of the problematics of social innovation and organizational innovation. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical analysis focuses on the intervention models and management models of these organizations. It uses a sequential methodological approach that combines extensive and intensive analyses. Findings – The author has concluded that Portuguese TSOs show a fragile form of social entrepreneurship. This includes, among others, state dependency both in terms of models of financial management and the definition and regulation of activities, recipients and social intervention. This leads the author to claim, even though cautiously, that management models influence intervention models. Originality/value – The originality of this paper lies on the use of an analytic framework that offers an eclectic approach to social entrepreneurship. This approach goes beyond some hidden contradictions between Anglo-Saxon schools of thought, namely, the earned income school of thought, and the school of social innovation, as well as the European perspective on social enterprises, and the Latin-American school of solidarity economy. These schools have been reconciled for the purposes of this analysis, which attempts to operationalize the notion of social entrepreneurship in the Portuguese TSOs.

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Moradzadeh, Mohammad, and René Boel. "Voltage Coordination via Communication in Large-Scale Multi-Area Power Systems. Part I: Principal." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7175.

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This two-part paper deals with the coordination of the control actions in a network of many interacting components, where each component is controlled by independent control agents. As a case study we consider voltage control in large electric power systems, where ever-increasing pressures from the liberalization and globalization of the electricity market has led to partitioning the power system into multiple areas each operated by an independent Transmission System Operator (TSO). Coordination of local control actions taken by those TSOs is a very challenging problem as poorly coordinated operation of TSOs may endanger the power system security by increasing the risk of blackouts. This coordination problem involves many other issues such as communication, abstraction and last but not least optimization. This first part of the paper is devoted to the principals of the coordination control, addressing some of those issues using as a case study the problem of coordination control for avoiding voltage collapse in large-scale multi-area power systems.

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Maycock, Matthew, Kenny McGuckin, and Katrina Morrison. "‘We are “free range” prison officers’, the experiences of Scottish Prison Service throughcare support officers working in custody and the community." Probation Journal 67, no. 4 (September 16, 2020): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550520954898.

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Between 2015 and 2019, 41 throughcare support officers (TSOs) supported people serving short sentences leaving custody across 11 Scottish Prison Service establishments. The role of prison officers in the provision of throughcare in the community was an innovation in Scotland and represents a new approach to the long-standing challenges around supporting reintegration from custody. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with 20 TSOs, this article examines their reflections on their role, bringing attention for the first time to the front-line perspectives of those involved in this novel approach to throughcare. TSO’s reflections revealed their growing awareness of the ‘pains of desistance’ and the challenges around reintegration, insights which had not been apparent to them in their prior work as officers working only in prison. The community ‘place’ of the TSO work also enabled a renewed awareness of the limits of rehabilitation within a prison and their own institutionalization after years of working in the custodial environment.

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Smith, Jeffrey E., Bruce R. Meyer, and R. Henry Jacot. "Fracture Pressure-Slope Analysis for TSOs in High-Permeability Formations." SPE Production & Facilities 17, no. 02 (May 1, 2002): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/78149-pa.

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Nenova, Stela. "The impact of the clean energy package on the TSOS." European Energy & Climate Journal 8, no. 3-4 (July 2019): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/eecj.2019.03-04.08.

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Skok, Srđan, Ahmed Mutapčić, Renata Rubesa, and Mario Bazina. "Transmission Power System Modeling by Using Aggregated Distributed Generation Model Based on a TSO—DSO Data Exchange Scheme." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 3949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153949.

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By integrating distributed energy resources (DER, mostly renewable energy sources) in the depth of the distribution network transmission system operators (TSOs), planning and control of transmission systems has been greatly hindered due to the lack of knowledge about the circumstances at the transmission and distribution network’s interface and the lack of coordination with the distribution system operator (DSO). By adopting the Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 (System Operational Guideline—SOGL) establishing a guideline on electricity transmission system operation, harmonized rules on system operation for TSOs, DSOs and significant grid users (SGUs) are set out, inter alia, in order to provide a clear legal framework for the exchange of necessary data and information between the aforementioned subjects. In this paper, the methodology of DER representation at the interface of the transmission and distributed system is presented, with the indicated interactive data exchange between TSO and DSO, for running and analyzing the operation of the entire power system (PS) in real and extended real time. The proposed methodology was tested on a real model of the Croatian transmission PS and with representative DER in the depth of the distribution network.

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Moradzadeh, Mohammad, and René Boel. "Voltage Coordination via Communication in Large-Scale Multi-Area Power Systems. Part II: Simulation Results." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7183.

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This two-part paper deals with the coordination of the control actions in a network of many interacting components, where each component is controlled by independent control agents. As a case study we consider voltage control in large electric power systems where ever-increasing pressures from the liberalization and globalization of the electricity market has led to partitioning the power system into multiple areas each operated by an independent Transmission System Operator (TSO). Coordination of local control actions taken by those TSOs is a very challenging problem as poorly coordinated operation of TSOs may endanger the power system security by increasing the risk of blackouts. This second part of the paper presents simulation results on a 12-bus 3-area test system, using the distributed model predictive control paradigm in order to design a coordinating model-based feedback controller. Coordination requires that each agent has some information on what the future evolution of its power flows to and from its neighbors will be. It will be shown that how the communication between agents can avoid voltage collapse in circumstances where classical uncoordinated controllers fail.

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REES, JAMES, ROBIN MILLER, and HEATHER BUCKINGHAM. "Commission incomplete: exploring the new model for purchasing public services from the third sector." Journal of Social Policy 46, no. 1 (July 7, 2016): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279416000362.

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AbstractThe concept of commissioning has risen in prominence in recent years as a result of ongoing reforms to the funding and delivery of public services in the UK. The model of commissioning constructed by policy has however been overlaid on existing practices, which themselves differ between different service areas. This paper, focusing on commissioning of third sector organisations (TSOs) in the field of community mental health services, shows that its introduction has not led to the straightforward public sector ‘marketisation’ that advocates desire or that critics fear. Instead, commissioning has led to an indeterminate outcome or ‘halfway house’ position in which the status and role of commissioning remains somewhat muddled – both internally to participants within public sector organisations and externally in terms of the experience of the interface by TSOs. We found that commissioning as it is actually practiced remains contested and political – it is a highly relational process dependent on personal practices and skills and on personal relationships between stakeholders – and is therefore not fully managerialised or marketised. This has implications for the policy and practice of commissioning and the interpretation of more ‘open’ public services.

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Bedoya-Cadavid, Jorge Armando, Ángela María Lanzas-Duque, and Harold Salazar. "WACC for Electric Power Transmission System Operators: The Case of Colombia." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020964.

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In emerging countries, energy service users generally pay high rates of return to transmission system operators (TSOs). One of the causes of this situation is the application of the CAPM with the comparable beta method when estimating the cost of equity in the WACC. The purpose of this article is to present a new methodology for calculating the cost of equity of TSOs in Colombia. To achieve this objective, a multifactor model has been built to explain the variation in returns on the electric utilities portfolio in Colombia between April 2008 and March 2022 and then recalculate the WACC approved by the country’s regulatory commission. It was found that, in addition to the estimated market risk in the CAPM, there is a risk due to the regulatory framework and changes in interest rates, which helps to explain 73% of the variations in the electric utilities portfolio, resulting in a lower cost of equity, and therefore a lower WACC of 5.28% compared to the WACC estimated by the regulator of 11.79% in 2019. These results can support regulatory commissions in emerging countries in establishing a more accurate rate of return for users.

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Roumkos, Christos, Pandelis Biskas, and Ilias Marneris. "Modeling Framework Simulating the TERRE Activation Optimization Function." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 2966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112966.

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The Trans-European Replacement Reserve Exchange (TERRE) project is the European implementation project for exchanging Balancing Energy (BE) from Replacement Reserves (RR). Its main objective is to operate a common European platform that gathers all RR Balancing Energy Orders (BEOs) from Transmission System Operators’ (TSOs) local BE markets into a Common Merit Order List (CMOL). It provides an optimized allocation of RR, covering all TSOs’ RR BE needs, by executing the Activation Optimization Function (AOF). In this paper, the mathematical formulation of the AOF is presented, which explicitly incorporates all standard products and constraints that are provisioned in the approved implementation framework. The clearing problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model and solved within an iterative algorithm for the handling of Paradoxically Accepted Orders (PAOs). The modeling framework allows the coordination of two distinct market setups, i.e., the self-dispatch and central dispatch. To this end, a BEO conversion pre-process is executed for markets applying the central-dispatch setup, in order to attain the BE quantities for inclusion in the CMOL. The proposed model is evaluated using a test case including six countries that participate in the TERRE project (Portugal, Spain, France, Great Britain, Switzerland, Italy) as well as Greece.

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Izdebski, Michał, Robert Małkowski, and Piotr Miller. "New Performance Indices for Power System Stabilizers." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249582.

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The subject of the article is issues related to innovative indices for power system stabilizers (PSSs). These new indices will be able to quickly show which PSS (among many other PSSs) is not working properly and that advanced optimization and simulation methods should be used to improve the PSS settings. The authors note the fact that the acceptance requirements for PSSs are different in various power systems. Moreover, the authors pay attention to the fact that transmission system operators (TSOs) often have different PSS requirements (tests) even though they work in the same large power system. The article reviews the requirements for the PSSs used by TSOs of various power systems. The need to supplement the required tests with new qualitative indices is demonstrated. In the paper, new performance indices are proposed to improve the evaluation of the PSS and to check the desired performance of the stabilizer. These indices are derived from the active power frequency response characteristic with PSS and without PSS (PSS ON and PSS OFF). Additionally, the new PSS indices allow the graphical visualization of the properties of all synchronous generators equipped with the PSS in a predefined area on a single 3D graph. Such visualization can be used to quickly detect weak points of the power system.

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Waidelich, Paul, Tomas Haug, and Lorenz Wieshammer. "German efficiency gone wrong: Unintended incentives arising from the gas TSOs’ benchmarking." Energy Policy 160 (January 2022): 112595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112595.

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Hall, Brian J. "TRANSFERABLE STOCK OPTIONS (TSOS) AND THE COMING REVOLUTION IN EQUITY-BASED PAY." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 16, no. 1 (January 2004): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2004.tb00591.x.

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Vitalone, James W. "Transferable Stock Options (TSOs) and the Coming Revolution in Equity-Based Pay." CFA Digest 34, no. 4 (November 2004): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v34.n4.1559.

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Foldes, A. J., and M. M. Popovtzer. "Tibial speed of sound (tSOS) in the assessment of metabolic bone diseases." Osteoporosis International 6, S1 (January 1996): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02500227.

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Vokony, I., H. Salama, L. Barancsuk, B. Sinkovits, P. Sores, B. Hartmann, and I. Taczi. "P2P local market concept whith dynamic network usage tariff vi asset enablement – Horizon2020 project demo experiences." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.376.

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With the growth of renewables, the increased interconnection of European grids, the development of local energy initiatives, and the specific requirements on transmission system operator (TSO) – distribution system operator (DSO) cooperation as set forth in the different Network Codes and Guidelines, TSOs and DSOs face new challenges that will require greater coordination. The European Commission adopted legislative proposals on the energy market that promote cooperation among network operators as they procure balancing and other ancillary services and provide congestion management. Therefore, this creates the need for a specific project such as the H2020 INTERRFACE project, having the greater coordination between TSOs and DSOs as its core objective. In this project, one of the demonstrations is a local asset-enabled energy market to provide data-driven, simulation-based results, with a realistic market setting. There the transactions beneficial for the distribution grid are facilitated via dynamic pricing (DNUT – dynamic network usage tariff). In the demonstration of a local market that runs based on data, provided from 3 sites (2 Hungarian, 1 Slovenian), local distribution system operators are involved to provide grid and consumption/production data. This paper discusses the first results from one demonstration site, which contribute to the development of local P2P markets. It also facilitates the introduction of grid calculation based dynamic tariffs by providing practical results from the cooperation of research entities and DSOs in the H2020 INTERRFACE project.

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Kłos, Michał, Endika Urresti-Padrón, Przemysław Krzyk, Wojciech Jaworski, and Marcin Jakubek. "Defining Transmission System Operators’ Investment Shares for Phase-Shifting Transformers Used for Coordinated Redispatch." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 4019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154019.

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The implementation of network codes within the framework of European Transmission System Operators (TSOs), involves redesigning the process of executing remedial actions aimed at maintaining the power system on a daily basis. One of the key elements of this redesign is the co-optimisation of all accessible measures, bringing a cost-optimal result and providing network security for the entire Capacity Calculation Region (CCR). This specifically means that the currently installed Phase Shifting Transformers (PSTs) are expected to be utilised for the benefit of the whole CCR, with no special priority to any issues incurred by the owner. Therefore, this paper addresses any questions regarding the rules of financing (investment shares per TSO) to be applied for future PST installations. The investment shares are calculated based on the exemplary implementation of a new European procedure – cost-sharing of remedial actions. Consequently, another long-term application of this process is postulated. In order to support the claims with numerical evidence, two scenarios with new PST investments are analysed. The conclusions drawn show that the largest investment burden can be imposed upon zones different from the area of which the new PST installation has taken place. As a result, joint TSOs’ investments may be a potential solution to financing new devices used for future coordination of remedial actions.

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Roumkos, Christos, Pandelis N. Biskas, and Ilias Marneris. "Manual Frequency Restoration Reserve Activation Clearing Model." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 5793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185793.

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The integration of the European markets has started with the successful coupling of spot markets (day-ahead and intra-day) and is expected to continue with the coupling of balancing markets. In this paper, the optimization model for the activation of manual frequency restoration reserve (mFRR) is presented. The model incorporates all order types agreed among the European transmission system operators (TSOs) to be included in the Manually Activated Reserves Initiative (MARI) project. Additionally, the model incorporates the buying curve (demand) of mFRR with the possible tolerance band defined by the TSOs, order clearing constraints and the cross-zonal capacity (CZC) constraints, forming a mixed integer linear programming model. The methodology employs two distinct steps: In the first step, an order conversion process is employed for the markets applying the central-scheduling scheme, and in the second step, the mFRR activation process is executed by solving the presented model. The whole process is tested using a case, including twenty-five European control areas. The attained clearing results indicate that price convergence is achieved among the involved control areas, along with a reduction in the overall balancing costs mainly due to the imbalance netting that is implicitly performed during the joint mFRR balancing energy (BE) clearing process and due to the cross-border exchange of mFRR BE.

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Korbelak, Kristopher, Jeffrey Dressel, Emily Sanders, Jenny LaFreniere, and Anson Carter. "Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Aptitude Alignment Job Role Study (JRS) for Travel Document Checker (TDC) Position." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641343.

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The current study investigated individual differences and their relationship to performance while fulfilling the Travel Document Checker job role at security screening checkpoints. It is part of a larger effort to understand variability in performance across different job roles that Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) routinely fulfill. Vigilance, task-focused coping and avoidance-focused coping explained the most variance in counterfeit detection. Future efforts should validate these findings and determine individual difference characteristics that are meaningful predictors of performance across other checkpoint job roles.

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Taylor, Teresa Z., Raeli Prescott, Katie Harrup, and Christine Lee. "Developing critical thinking skills among Transportation Security officers (TSOs) through sharing tacit knowledge." Journal of Transportation Security 14, no. 1-2 (March 12, 2021): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12198-021-00231-9.

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Vokony, I., H. Salama, L. Barancsuk, and P. Sores. "Spatial Aggregation of Local Flexibility – Horizon2020 project experiences." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.377.

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With the growth of renewables, the increased interconnection of European grids, the development of local energy initiatives, and the specific requirements on TSO–DSO cooperation as set forth in the different Network Codes and Guidelines, TSOs and DSOs face new challenges that will require greater coordination. The aforementioned measures encourage procurement of services at both the transmission and the distribution level, recognizing that this will enable more efficient and effective network management and will increase the level of demand response and the capacity of renewable generation. Digitalization is a key driver for coordination and active system management in the electricity grid, enabling TSOs and DSOs to optimize the use of distributed resources and ensure a costeffective and secure supply of electricity. It also empowers endusers to become active market participants, supporting selfgeneration and providing demand flexibility. To support the transformation, the INTERRFACE project, started in 2019, will design, develop and exploit an Interoperable pan-European Grid Services Architecture (IEGSA) to act as the interface between the power system (TSO and DSO – transmission system operator, distribution system operator) and the customers, and allow the seamless and coordinated operation of all stakeholders to use and procure common services. This paper describes the approach of one INTERRFACE demonstration, the spatial aggregation of local flexibility and its realization that contributes providing a clear market approach to include local constraints into the already well-established and working wholesale energy market solutions

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Stanković, Stefan, Emil Hillberg, and Susanne Ackeby. "System Integrity Protection Schemes: Naming Conventions and the Need for Standardization." Energies 15, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 3920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113920.

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The energy transition is placing increased strain on power systems and making it challenging for Transmission System Operators (TSOs) to securely operate power systems. System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPSs) are one of the solutions to address these challenges. SIPSs are a type of over-arching power system control; their goals are to increase the secure utilization of power system assets and to limit the impact of large disturbances on the system. Due to societal developments, the interest in utilizing SIPSs is increasing internationally, highlighting the importance of the standardization of terms and definitions to support collaboration between internationally interconnected power systems. This paper addresses the issue of increasing SIPS literature and the efficient exchange of knowledge about SIPSs by providing a new, up-to-date literature review and proposal for the standardization of SIPS terminology. The need for standardized terminology is highlighted by gathering various terms used to describe SIPSs and proposing a standardization of definitions, terms, and SIPS operational execution steps. The goal of the proposed standardization is to provide clarity and to decrease the sources of misinterpretation in an international collaborative environment. The analyzed literature is further classified according to the SIPS features it addresses, and conclusions about well-established and interesting future research areas are drawn. For example, it has been observed that the most commonly considered SIPS action is load shedding, while more sophisticated actions, e.g., using HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) installations, controlled together with var rescheduling, are more in the realm of future research that may provide additional benefits to TSOs.

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d'Arcy, Anne, and Matthias Finger. "The Challenges of Imperfectly Unbundled TSOs: Can Corporate Governance or Regulatory Action Mitigate Such Imperfection?" Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 15, no. 2 (June 2014): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/178359171401500202.

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Weise, R., I. von Mengden, M. Glos, C. Garcia, and T. Penzel. "P 153. Influence of transcranial slow oscillation current stimulation (tSOS) on EEG, sleepiness and alertness." Clinical Neurophysiology 124, no. 10 (October 2013): e137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.230.

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Shrestha, Ashish, Bishal Ghimire, and Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt. "A Bayesian Model to Forecast the Time Series Kinetic Energy Data for a Power System." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 3299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113299.

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Withthe massive penetration of electronic power converter (EPC)-based technologies, numerous issues are being noticed in the modern power system that may directly affect system dynamics and operational security. The estimation of system performance parameters is especially important for transmission system operators (TSOs) in order to operate a power system securely. This paper presents a Bayesian model to forecast short-term kinetic energy time series data for a power system, which can thus help TSOs to operate a respective power system securely. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method used as a No-U-Turn sampler and Stan’s limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (LM-BFGS) algorithm is used as the optimization method here. The concept of decomposable time series modeling is adopted to analyze the seasonal characteristics of datasets, and numerous performance measurement matrices are used for model validation. Besides, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is used to compare the results of the presented model. At last, the optimal size of the training dataset is identified, which is required to forecast the 30-min values of the kinetic energy with a low error. In this study, one-year univariate data (1-min resolution) for the integrated Nordic power system (INPS) are used to forecast the kinetic energy for sequences of 30 min (i.e., short-term sequences). Performance evaluation metrics such as the root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute scaled error (MASE) of the proposed model are calculated here to be 4.67, 3.865, 0.048, and 8.15, respectively. In addition, the performance matrices can be improved by up to 3.28, 2.67, 0.034, and 5.62, respectively, by increasing MCMC sampling. Similarly, 180.5 h of historic data is sufficient to forecast short-term results for the case study here with an accuracy of 1.54504 for the RMSE.

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Bernard, Benoît. "A Safety Culture Maturity Matrix for Nuclear Regulatory Bodies." Safety 4, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety4040044.

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The concept of safety culture has attracted a great deal of attention. Since the rise of the concept, progress has been made regarding the definition of safety culture and the development of tools dedicated to safety culture oversight and self-assessment. In addition, these recent advances have been made across different high-hazard industries, and obviously in the nuclear world. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to tailored methods allowing a regulatory body to assess its own safety culture. The aim of this paper is to present a framework adapted to nuclear regulatory bodies or TSOs (Technical Safety Organisations) in order to guide them in understanding their own safety culture through a “Safety Culture Maturity Matrix”.

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Shi, Jianjun, Wei Wang, Zhihai Feng, Dahai Zhang, Zheng Zhou, and Qifang Li. "Multiple influences of hydrogen bonding interactions on PLLA crystallization behaviors in PLLA/TSOS hybrid blending systems." Polymer 175 (June 2019): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.008.

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FELTKAMP, Régine, and Gerrit HENDRIKX. "Market Coupling and the Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management Regulation." European Journal of Risk Regulation 9, no. 2 (May 7, 2018): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2018.16.

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AbstractThis article assesses the manner in which Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 of 24 July 2015 establishing a guideline on capacity allocation and congestion management (“CACM”) alters the legal context within which power exchanges (“PXs”) perform their activities related to market coupling. By submitting the cooperation among the newly-introduced NEMO-entities, and between these NEMOs and TSOs, regarding market coupling to a new set of rules, CACM affects the market coupling activities of PXs in different ways. This article in particular examines from the power exchanges’ perspective (1) the need for the increased regulation introduced by CACM, (2) how CACM affects their activities in the context of market coupling and (3) whether CACM contributes to a better governance of market coupling.

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Journal articles on the topic 'TSOs'

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