Academic literature on the topic 'TSR- Tip Speed Ratio'
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Journal articles on the topic "TSR- Tip Speed Ratio"
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Hosseini, Amir, Daniel Trevor Cannon, and Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh. "Tip Speed Ratio Optimization: More Energy Production with Reduced Rotor Speed." Wind 2, no. 4 (2022): 691–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wind2040036.
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A wind turbine’s tip speed ratio (TSR) is the linear speed of the blade’s tip, normalized by the incoming wind speed. For a given blade profile, there is a TSR that maximizes the turbine’s efficiency. The industry’s current practice is to impose the same TSR that maximizes the efficiency of a single, isolated wind turbine on every turbine of a wind farm. This article proves that this strategy is wrong. The article demonstrates that in every wind direction, there is always a subset of turbines that needs to operate at non-efficient conditions to provide more energy to some of their downstream counterparts to boost the farm’s overall production. The aerodynamic interactions between the turbines cause this. The authors employed the well-known Jensen wake model in concert with Particle Swarm Optimization to demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy at Lillgrund, a wind farm in Sweden. The model’s formulation and implementation were validated using large-eddy simulation results. The AEP of Lillgrund increased by approximately 4% by optimizing and actively controlling the TSR. This strategy also decreased the farm’s overall TSR, defined as the average TSR of the turbines, by 8%, leading to several structural and environmental benefits. Note that both these values are farm-dependent and change from one farm to another; hence, this research serves as a proof of concept.
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Hendler, J., W. Flowers, and A. Bell. "Windmill Tip-Speed Ratio Regulation Using an Impedance-Matching Control System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, no. 4 (1985): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267701.
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A discussion of the approaches to, and benefits of, windmill tip-speed ratio (TSR) control is presented. Rotational speed regulation via load-controlled impedance matching is identified as the most efficient control method. An all-mechanical, self-powered windmill TSR controller using this method is presented with a discussion of its operation and wind tunnel test results. The controller, which is applicable to a variety of windmill/load combinations, also provides for rotor start-up and for shutdown in high winds. A design methodology is presented and used to design a controller for a windmill driving an electrical generator and for the same windmill driving a water pump. These designs are verified with a digital computer simulation using real wind data. The TSR controller regulated windmill speed for efficient operation at all wind speeds, limited only by the power rating of the windmill and load machinery. The simulation results also demonstrate the economic feasibility of the system.
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Kumar, Devesh, and Mario A. Rotea. "Brief communication: Real-time estimation of the optimal tip-speed ratio for controlling wind turbines with degraded blades." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 11 (2024): 2133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-2133-2024.
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Abstract. Rotor performance is adversely affected by the wear and tear of blade surfaces caused, for example, by rain, snow, icing, dirt, bugs and aging. Blade surface degradation changes the aerodynamic properties of the rotor, which in turn changes the optimal tip-speed ratio (TSR) and the corresponding maximum power coefficient. Below the rated wind speed, if a turbine continues to operate at the manufacturer-designed optimal TSR, the rotor power could decrease more than necessary unless the optimal TSR is corrected to compensate for blade degradation or blade surfaces are restored. Re-tuning the tip-speed ratio can lead to an improvement in energy capture without blade repairs. In this work, we describe a real-time algorithm to re-tune the tip-speed ratio to its optimal but unknown value under blade degradation. The algorithm uses power measurements only and the Log-Power Proportional-Integral Extremum Seeking Control (LP-PIESC) strategy to re-tune the TSR. The algorithm is demonstrated in simulations to command the set-point TSR required by a generator speed control loop that maximizes power at below-rated wind speeds. Comparison of this solution with a baseline controller that uses the optimal TSR for a rotor with clean blades demonstrates improvements in energy capture between 0.5 % and 3.4 %, depending on the severity of blade degradation and the wind conditions. These results are obtained using the OpenFAST simulation tool, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW reference turbine and the NREL-developed Reference Open-Source Controller (ROSCO).
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Muldi, Yuhendri, Muskhir Mukhlidi, and Taali. "A novel optimum tip speed ratio control of low speed wind turbine generator based on type-2 fuzzy system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 4 (2019): 1189–97. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i4.1450.
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Variable speed control of wind turbine generator systems have been developed to get maximum output power at every wind speed variation, also called Maximum Power Points Tracking (MPPT). Generally, MPPT control system consists of MPPT algorithm to track the controller reference and generator speed controller. In this paper, MPPT control system is proposed for low speed wind turbine generator systems (WTGs) with MPPT algorithms based on optimum tip speed ratio (TSR) and generator speed controller based on field oriented control using type-2 fuzzy system (T2FS). The WTGs are designed using horizontal axis wind turbines to drive permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). The simulation show that the MPPT system based optimum TSR has been able to control the generator output power around the maximum point at all wind speeds.
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SAIDI, Youcef, Abdelkader MEZOUAR, Yahia MILOUD, Mohammed Amine BENMAHDJOUB, and Maamar YAHIAOUI. "Modeling and Comparative Study of Speed Sensor and Sensor-less based on TSR-MPPT Method for PMSG-WT Applications." International Journal of Energetica 3, no. 2 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47238/ijeca.v3i2.69.
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The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study between two maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control based on tip speed ratio (TSR) method: maximum power control with wind speed measurement (TSR-MPCWSM) and the maximum power control with wind speed estimation (TSR-MPCWSE). These methods are analytically compared to illustrate TSR-MPPT and power smoothing capability delivered by the turbine. The dynamic performance, robustness, and fast approximation of the optimal value are proved with the simulations under MATLAB/Simulink software
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Marchewka, Emil, Krzysztof Sobczak, Piotr Reorowicz, Damian Obidowski, and Krzysztof Jóźwik. "Influence of Tip Speed Ratio on the efficiency of Savonius wind turbine with deformable blades." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2367, no. 1 (2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2367/1/012003.
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Abstract Improving machines efficiency and searching for their new applications are the main topics in the development of the renewable energy industry. In the case of Savonius type wind turbines, the works aim at the improvement of aerodynamic performance. The CFD simulations of a turbine equipped with deformable blades showed a significant positive impact of this enhancement on the machine aerodynamic efficiency. Previously, the investigation was carried out for a TSR (Tip Speed Ratio) equal to 0.8, typically recognized as the point of maximal efficiency for conventional Savonius wind turbines with rigid blades. However, the continuously altering shape of blades during their rotation can influence the optimal TSR. Therefore, the efficiency of the deformable blade turbine was investigated in a wide range of TSR. In this paper, the previously developed quasi-2D model with a two-way Fluid-Structure Interaction method was employed to obtain turbine efficiency characteristics as a function of TSR. The maximum power coefficient Cp was achieved at TSR = 0.9. Obtained characteristic was compared with data for a conventional rigid blades turbine, gathered with a comparable sliding mesh model.
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Brandetti, L., Y. Liu, SP Mulders, C. Ferreira, S. Watson, and JW van Wingerden. "On the ill-conditioning of the combined wind speed estimator and tip-speed ratio tracking control scheme." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, no. 3 (2022): 032085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032085.
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Abstract In recent years, industrial controllers for modern wind turbines have been designed as a combined wind speed estimator and tip-speed ratio (WSE-TSR) tracking control scheme. In contrast to the conventional and widely used Kω 2 torque control strategy, the WSE-TSR scheme provides flexibility in terms of controller responsiveness and potentially improves power extraction performance. However, both control schemes heavily rely on prior information about the aerodynamic properties of the turbine rotor. Using a control-oriented linear analysis framework, this paper shows that the WSE-TSR scheme is inherently ill-conditioned. The ill-conditioning is defined as the inability of the scheme to uniquely determine the wind speed from the product with other model parameters in the power balance equation. Uncertainty of the power coefficient contribution in the latter mentioned product inevitably leads to a biased effective wind speed estimate. As a consequence, in the presence of uncertainty, the real-world wind turbine deviates from the intended optimal operating point, while the controller believes that the turbine operates at the desired set-point. Simulation results confirm that inaccurate model parameters lead to biased estimates of the actual turbine operating point, causing sub-optimal power extraction efficiency.
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Pan, Lin, Ze Zhu, Haodong Xiao, and Leichong Wang. "Numerical Analysis and Parameter Optimization of J-Shaped Blade on Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196426.
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In this study, the performance of offshore wind turbines at low tip speed ratio (TSR) is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the performance of offshore wind turbines at low tip speed ratio (TSR) is improved by revising the blade structure. First, the parameters of vertical axis offshore wind turbine are designed based on the compactness iteration, a CFD simulation model is established, and the turbulence model is selected through simulation analysis to verify the independence of grid and time step. Compared with previous experimental results, it is shown that the two-dimensional simulation only considers the plane turbulence effect, and the simulation turbulence effect performs more obviously at a high tip ratio, while the three-dimensional simulation turbulence effect has well-fitting performance at high tip ratio. Second, a J-shaped blade with optimized lower surface is proposed. The study showed that the optimized J-shaped blade significantly improved its upwind torque and wind energy capture rate. Finally, the performance of the optimized J-blade offshore wind turbine is analyzed.
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Rodrigues, Rafael, and Corinne Lengsfeld. "Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part I: Model Validation and Near Wake Analysis." Energies 12, no. 5 (2019): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050940.
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The first part of this work describes the validation of a wind turbine farm Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation using literature velocity wake data from the MEXICO (Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions) experiment. The work is intended to establish a computational framework from which to investigate wind farm layout, seeking to validate the simulation and identify parameters influencing the wake. A CFD model was designed to mimic the MEXICO rotor experimental conditions and simulate new operating conditions with regards to tip speed ratio and pitch angle. The validation showed that the computational results qualitatively agree with the experimental data. Considering the designed tip speed ratio (TSR) of 6.6, the deficit of velocity in the wake remains at rate of approximately 15% of the free-stream velocity per rotor diameter regardless of the free-stream velocity applied. Moreover, analysis of a radial traverse right behind the rotor showed an increase of 20% in the velocity deficit as the TSR varied from TSR = 6 to TSR = 10, corresponding to an increase ratio of approximately 5% m·s−1 per dimensionless unit of TSR. We conclude that the near wake characteristics of a wind turbine are strongly influenced by the TSR and the pitch angle.
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Chen, Liu, Pei Yang, Bingxia Zhang, and Lingjie Chen. "Aerodynamic Enhancement of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines Using Plain and Serrated Gurney Flaps." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (2023): 12643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312643.
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In light of the escalating demand for renewable energy sources, vertical-axis wind turbines have emerged as a pivotal technical solution for addressing the challenge of clean energy supply in residential and urban areas. As a simple and feasible passive control method, the plain Gurney flap (PGF) is widely applied to improve turbine aerodynamic performance. In this paper, the influence of a novel serrated gurney flap (SGF) with different flap heights is studied on the NACA0021 airfoil by numerical simulations. The findings demonstrate that, compared with the PGF, the SGF reduces the trailing edge reverse vortices from a pair to a single vortex and possesses lower drag. When the flap height reaches 6% of the chord (6%c), the lift-to-drag ratio of SGF surpasses that of PGF. A turbine rotor is equipped with an SGF and a PGF to compare their performances. The result confirms the flap effect depending on the rotor’s tip speed. At a low tip speed ratio (TSR), the PGF works better than the SGF. The SGF is preferred over the PGF for a higher tip speed ratio (TSR > 2.5). With the 6%c flap height, the performance of the SGF rotor surpasses the PGF by 13.9% at TSR = 2.62.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TSR- Tip Speed Ratio"
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Nicholas, Allen Christo. "A stochastic analysis of Turbulence Intensity influence over various sizes of HAWT : Study of hypothetical relationship between Rotor Diameter and influence level of Turbulence Intensity." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Energivetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31096.
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This disquisition aims for the study of turbulence intensity influence over the power performance of different sizes of turbines with the intent to validate a hypothesis. The hypothesis formulated for the analysis is the relationship between the rotor diameter (turbine size) and turbulence intensity. The hypothetical relationship is that the smaller turbines tend to experience more influence on the power performance from the turbulence in comparison with larger ones. For this examination, three different wind turbines of models Vestas V90, V100, V126 were chosen from three Swedish wind farms. The power performance of turbines at various levels of turbulence intensity were analyzed and the power deviation from the mean value due to influence of turbulence were assessed. The power deviation values of different turbines were compared at same level of wind speeds and also the power coefficients at same level of tip speed ratios were compared to validate the hypothesis. It was observed that the hypothesis seemed to appear true as higher influence on power curves were observed on V90 compared to others. Nevertheless, there were some obscene results which might be due to several factors such as influence of variation in hub height, site and inadequacy of data.<br>Detta examensarbete syftar till att studera hur ett vindkraftverks storlek påverkar inflytande från turbulens på effektuttaget. Hypotesen är att vindkraftverk med mindre rotordiameter påverkas mer av turbulens än de större. Tre vindkraftverksmodeller (Vestas V90, V100 och V126) från svenska vindkraftsparker valdes ut. De olika modellernas effektuttag för olika grader av turbulens analyserades och avvikelsen från effektmedelvärdet jämfördes. Effektavvikelserna samt verkningsgradsavvikelsen för de olika vindkraftverksmodellerna jämfördes vid samma vindhastighet respektive löptal för att kunna testa hypotesen. Hypotesen styrks då den mista modellen (Vestas V90) påverkas mest av turbulens. Resultatet har dock troligtvis påverkats av andra faktorer såsom tornhöjd, terräng och en begränsad mängd data.
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Kjellin, Jon. "Vertical Axis Wind Turbines : Electrical System and Experimental Results." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182438.
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The wind power research at the division of Electricity at Uppsala University is aimed towards increased understanding of vertical axis wind turbines. The considered type of wind turbine is an H-rotor with a directly driven synchronous generator operating at variable speed. The experimental work presented in this thesis comprises investigation of three vertical axis wind turbines of different design and size. The electrical, control and measurement systems for the first 12 kW wind turbine have been designed and implemented. The second was a 10 kW wind turbine adapted to a telecom application. Both the 12 kW and the 10 kW were operated against dump loads. The third turbine was a 200 kW grid-connected wind turbine, where control and measurement systems have been implemented. Experimental results have shown that an all-electric control, substituting mechanical systems such as blade-pitch, is possible for this type of turbine. By controlling the rectified generator voltage, the rotational speed of the turbine is also controlled. An electrical start-up system has been built and verified. The power coefficient has been measured and the stall behaviour of this type of turbine has been examined. An optimum tip speed ratio control has been implemented and tested, with promising results. Use of the turbine to estimate the wind speed has been demonstrated. This has been used to get a faster regulation of the turbine compared to if an anemometer had been used.
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Berkesten, Hägglund Patrik. "An Experimental Study on Global TurbineArray Eects in Large Wind Turbine Clusters." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202630.
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It is well known that the layout of a large wind turbine cluster aects the energyoutput of the wind farm. The individual placement and distances betweenturbines will in uence the wake spreading and the wind velocity decit. Manyanalytical models and simulations have been made trying to calculate this, butstill there is a lack of experimental data to conrm the models. This thesis isdescribing the preparations and the execution of an experiment that has beenconducted using about 250 small rotating turbine models in a wind tunnel. Theturbine models were developed before the experiment and the characteristicswere investigated. The main focus was laid on special eects occurring in largewind turbine clusters, which were named Global Turbine Array Eects.It was shown that the upstream wind was little aected by a large windfarm downstream, even though there existed a small dierence in wind speedbetween the undisturbed free stream and the wind that arrived to the rstturbines in the wind farm. The dierence in wind speed was shown to beunder 1% of the undisturbed free stream. It was also shown that the densityof the wind farm was related to the reduced wind velocity, with a more densefarm the reduction could get up to 2.5% of the undisturbed free stream at theupstream center turbine. Less velocity decit was observed at the upstreamcorner turbines in the wind farm.When using small rotating turbine models some scaling requirements hadto be considered to make the experiment adaptable to reality. It was concludedthat the thrust coecient of the turbine models was the most important parameterwhen analysing the eects. One problem discussed was the low Reynoldsnumber, an eect always present in wind tunnel studies on small wind turbinemodels.A preliminary investigation of a photo measuring technique was also performed,but the technique was not fully developed. The idea was to take oneor a few photos instantaneously and then calculate the individual rotationalspeed of all the turbine models. It was dicult to apply the technique becauseof uctuations in rotational speed during the experiment, therefore thecalculated values could not represent the mean value over a longer time period.
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Jami, Valentina. "Development of Computer Program for Wind Resource Assessment, Rotor Design and Rotor Performance." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1513703072278665.
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Oljelund, David. "Dimensionering och konstruktion av passiv mekanisk pitch för småskaliga horisontalaxlade vindkraftverk." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42348.
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För vindkraftverk i mindre skala används i huvudsak två sätt att avlasta vid höga vindhastigheter, stallreglering och girning ur vind. En tredje metod är att pitcha rotorbladet till en mindre attackvinkel. Då minskar belastningen på rotorbladet samtidigt som effektgenerering kan bibehållas. Arbetet redovisar en konstruktion för en fjädrande passiv mekanisk pitch som avgränsats till att enbart dimensionera en vridfjäder och tre lager. Konstruktionen riktas mot horisontalaxlade vindkraftverk med tre rotorblad med en rotordiameter upp till 20m. Ett idealt rotorblad modelleras matematiskt för att ta fram dimensionerande krafter och moment. Utifrån detta kan sedan vridfjäder och lager dimensioneras. Konstruktionen tillsammans med dimensioneringen visar att belastning av rotorbladet kan reduceras samt att krafter som är kopplad till effekten kan hållas mer eller mindre konstant för vindhastigheter 16 till 24 m/s. Resultat av dimensionering visar att både vridfjäder och lager kan relativt enkelt anpassas till olika axeldiametrar. Slutsatserna blir att om dimensionering görs enligt arbetet är det, åtminstone i teorin, möjligt att uppnå det önskade beteendet för pitchen. För vidare arbete och verifiering rekommenderas bland annat att göra reella tester för vridfjädern för att bestämma dess precision på grund av fjäderns små vinkelutslag.<br>For small-scale wind turbines, there are mainly two ways of reducing loads at high wind speeds, stall regulation and yaw the rotor out of wind. A third method is to pitch the rotor blade to a smaller angle of attack. This reduces the load on the rotor blade while maintaining power generation. The following work presents a design for a spring based passive mechanical pitch that is limited to only dimensioning a torsion spring and three bearings. The design is aimed at horizontal axis wind turbines with three rotor blades with a rotor diameter up to 20m. An ideal rotor blade is mathematically modeled to produce the forces and torques needed in order to properly dimension the torsion spring and bearings. The design shows that the load of the rotor blade can be reduced and that forces connected to the power can be kept more or less constant for wind speeds 16 to 24 m / s. The results of sizing show that both the torsion spring and bearings can be adapted to different shaft diameters relatively easy. The conclusions are that if dimensioning is done according to the presented results, it is possible, at least in theory, to achieve the desired behaviour. For further development and verification it is recommended to do real tests for the torsion spring to determine its precision due to small angle displacement in the spring.
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SAMADDER, SOUVIK. "A NUMERICAL STUDY ON COMBINED EFFECT OF DEFLECTOR PLATE, TWIST ANGLE OF BLADES, AND TIP SPEED RATIO ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SAVONIUS HYDROKINETIC TURBINE." Thesis, 2022. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19132.
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Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbine (SHT) is a small-scale renewable energy
source that is a sustainable solution for remote areas and rural electrification. The
current research work establishes a numerical study on combined effect of deflector
plate (no deflector, deflector at 90°, deflector at 45°), twist angle of blades (0°, 12.5°,
25°), and tip speed ratio (0.5 to 1.5) on the turbine efficiency in terms of power
coefficient (Cp) using CFD simulation considering a realizable k-ε turbulence model.
A total of 99 simulations were performed considering all the above different
conditions. To validate the results, simulations were compared with the results of a
previous study having no deflector plate. It has been identified that SHT with blade
twist angle of 12.5° and deflector plate at 90° produces highest power coefficient as
0.364 at tip speed ratio of 0.9 and 0.5 m/s water velocity. Similarly, SHT having a
blade twist angle of 25° with deflector plate at 90° yields the highest torque coefficient
as 0.454 at a TSR of 0.5. It was observed that Cp increases by an average 15% for SHT
having blade twist and deflector plate as compared to SHT without blade twist and
deflector plate.
Book chapters on the topic "TSR- Tip Speed Ratio"
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Abo-Serie, Essam, and Elif Oran. "Flow Simulation of a New Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Multiple Blades for Low Wind Speed." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_10.
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AbstractIn this paper, a new design of a small horizontal-axis wind turbine is introduced. The design is based on the authors’ patent, which uses permanent magnets impeded into a shroud that holds the rotor blades. The generator coils are installed on a fixed diffuser that houses the rotor and acts as a wind concentrator. Therefore, the new design has no hub and is based on direct coupling for electricity generation. The main features of the design have been explored to highlight the advantages with a focus on how the new design can be integrated with the recent development of green buildings. The effect of increasing the number of blades and blade chord distribution on turbine performance has been investigated for the new turbine. Initial design and analysis were carried out using the Blade Element Momentum method and CFD simulations to identify the turbine performance and examine the flow characteristics. The results showed that further energy can be extracted from the turbine if the blade chord size increases at the shroud location and reduces at the turbine hub for a low Tip Speed Ratio TSR within the range of 1.5–3. Furthermore, having more blades can significantly increase the power coefficient and extend the range of operation with a high power coefficient. The number of blades, however, has to be optimised to achieve maximum power relative to the cost. Adding a diffuser and flanges surrounding the turbine can further increase the energy extracted from the wind at low speed.
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Hosseini, Amir, Daniel Trevor Cannon, and Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh. "Real-Time Optimization of Yaw Angle and Tip-Speed Ratio for a Six-Turbine Plant of NREL 5-MW Wind Turbine." In Engineering to Adapt. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47237-4_11.
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Jayabalan, Jagan, Dalkilic Yildirim, Dookie Kim, and Pijush Samui. "Design Optimization of a Wind Turbine Using Artificial Intelligence." In Mathematical Concepts and Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1639-2.ch003.
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This chapter examines the capability of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) and Genetic Programming (GP) for the optimal design of wind turbine. The excellent design has been influenced by various factors, such as profile of the blade, number of blades, power factor and tip speed ratio. The key to design a wind turbine is to Assessing the optimal tip speed ratio (TSR) is the key for designing the wind turbine. This chapter handles the Artificial Intelligence techniques in predicting the optimal TSR and the power factor based on the parameters engaged for NACA 4415 and LS-1 profile types with 3 and 4 blades. The organized machine learning framework is anticipated to be lucrative than the traditional way in foretelling the TSR and power factor. The machine learning models are then compared with the existing Neural Network model and the pros and cons of the various models are inferred from the results.
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Ramanathan, Bharat. "Fluid Dynamics Simulation of an NREL-S Series Wind Turbine Blade." In Numerical Simulation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107013.
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Wind turbine blades are known for their complex geometry and difficult-to-predict characteristics. So, this chapter aims to look in depth at theory, design, modeling, and simulation of a 1.2 MW wind turbine blade (35 m). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will be used to simulate the blade. The design tip speed ratio (TSR), the center point of the design, is optimally chosen as 7. The various parameters like torque vs TSR, Cp, and Ct vs TSR will be found for varying pitch angles. Simulations will be performed on the blade, and the results will be compared with those obtained from blade element & momentum (BEM) theory. Along with this, QBlade and XFoils results are compared with a much more accurate CFD simulation. To conclude, the accuracy of various methods will be compared and evaluated.
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Ragheb, Magdi, and Adam M. "Wind Turbines Theory - The Betz Equation and Optimal Rotor Tip Speed Ratio." In Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind Power. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/21398.
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"An Efficient Approach to Power Coefficient and Tip Speed Ratio Relationship Modeling in Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Power Generation." In International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering (ICSTE 2012). ASME Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.860151_ch17.
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Furbish, David Jon. "Turbulent Flows." In Fluid Physics in Geology. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195077018.003.0018.
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Many geological flows involve turbulence, wherein the velocity field involves complex, fluctuating motions superimposed on a mean motion. Flows in natural river channels are virtually always turbulent. Magma flow in dikes and sills, and lava flows, can be turbulent. Atmospheric flows involving eolian transport are turbulent. The complex, convective overturning of fluid in a magma chamber or geyser is a form of turbulence. Thus, a description of the basic qualities of these complex flows is essential for understanding many geological flow phenomena. Turbulent flows generally are associated with large Reynolds numbers. Recall from Chapter 5 that the Reynolds number Re is a measure of the ratio of inertial to viscous forces acting on a fluid element, . . . Re = ρUL/μ . . . . . . (14.1) . . . where the characteristic velocity U and length L are defined in terms of the particular flow system. Thus, turbulence is typically associated, for given fluid density ρ and viscosity μ, with high-speed flows (although we must be careful in applying this generality to thermally driven convective motions; see Chapter 16). A simple, visual illustration of this occurs when smoke rises from a cigar within otherwise calm, surrounding air. The smoke acts as a flow tracer. Smoke molecules at the cigar tip start from rest, since they are initially attached to the cigar. Upward fluid motion, as traced by the smoke, initially is of low speed, and viscous forces have a relatively important influence on its behavior. The flow is laminar; smoke streaklines are smooth and locally parallel. But as the flow accelerates upward, it typically reaches a point where viscous forces are no longer sufficient to damp out destabilizing effects of growing inertial forces, and the flow becomes turbulent, manifest as whirling, swirling fluid motions (see Tolkien [1937]). Throughout this chapter we will consider only incompressible Newtonian fluids. Unfortunately, the complexity of turbulent fluid motions precludes directly using the Navier–Stokes equations to describe them. Instead, we will adopt a procedure whereby the Navier–Stokes equations are recast in terms of temporally averaged or spatially averaged values of velocity and pressure, and fluctuations about these averages.
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Zakeralhoseini, Sajjad, and Jürg Schiffmann. "SMALL-SCALE TURBOPUMPS FOR WASTE HEAT RECOVERY APPLICATIONS BASED ON AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE, MODELING, ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS." In Proceedings of the 7th International Seminar on ORC Power System (ORC 2023), 2024th ed. Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/9788447227457_113.
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The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system is considered a promising technology to exploit thermodynamic potential of waste heat. The weight and size of standard pumps can penalize the benefits of installing an ORC system on vehicles. Small-scale ORC applications would greatly benefit from more compact and efficient pumps. This paper presents the results of numerical and experimental analyses of small-scale turbopumps for ORC systems. A parameterized design tool is developed, allowing the rapid generation of numerous turbopump geometries and their fluid domains. The design tool creates a dataset of numerous turbopumps with different geometrical parameters. The turbopumps are investigated with CFD analysis, and the accomplished results are analyzed to characterize the influence of tip clearance and splitter blades on the performance (slip factor and head rise) of small-scale ORC turbopumps. The numerical results are employed to infer dimensionless maps (specific speed-specific diameter) and 1D models, which enable the capturing of the influence of down-scaling in the early design process of such machines. In the next step, two turbopumps are designed using the new design tool and then tested experimentally to validate the numerical procedure. The good agreement between experimental performance characteristics and developed models validates the computational results and reduced-order models. Following the experimental validation, the performance of an ORC system designed for the waste heat recovery of truck engines is estimated using the performance characteristics of the experimental turbopumps instead of a commercial multi-stage centrifugal pump. The developed turbopumps are one order of magnitude more compact compared to commercial systems. Further, the comparison suggests that the designed turbopumps improve the targeted ORC’s thermal efficiency by 0.51% and reduce its back-work ratio by 42% and 67%. Keywords: small-scale turbopump, organic Rankine cycle, computational fluid dynamics, experimental investigation, pre-design diagrams, 1D models
Conference papers on the topic "TSR- Tip Speed Ratio"
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Mahmud, Sadri, Witono Hardi, and Bambang Tjiroso. "Pengaruh Sudut Blade terhadap Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) dan Coefficient of Power (Cp) pada Turbin Angin Savonius Type V." In Seminar Nasional Tahunan Teknik Mesin XXII 2024. Badan Kerja Sama Teknik Mesin Indonesia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.71452/590801.
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Benedict, Moble, Vinod Lakshminarayan, Jeremy Garber, and Inderjit Chopra. "Experimental and Computational Investigation of a Small-Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Dynamic Blade Pitching." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10300.
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This paper describes the systematic performance measurements and computational (CFD) studies conducted to investigate the performance of a small-scale dynamic-pitch vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). The VAWT prototype was built and tested in a wind tunnel to understand the role of blade-pitch kinematics and flow curvature effects on turbine aerodynamic efficiency. The three parameters investigated in the experimental study were blade pitching amplitude (symmetric pitching), asymmetry in pitch kinematics between frontal and rear halves, and blade chord (or chord/radius ratio). Even though the optimal pitch amplitude is dependent on the tip speed ratio (TSR), moderate pitch amplitudes (± 20° ) had the highest overall efficiency for the symmetric pitch cases. The tip speed ratio corresponding to the maximum CP decreased with increasing pitch amplitudes. The TSR corresponding to maximum CP for 20° pitch amplitude was around 1.4, while the optimal TSR for the 40° case was around 0.7. Because of the differences in the flow velocities in the front and rear halves, for maximizing power extraction, the pitch angles required in the front is significantly higher than that in the rear. The optimal performance of the turbine occurred at a phasing of 0°. However, the performance was observed to be forgiving for small changes in phasing (<10°) in the positive direction (phase-lead), however, not in the negative direction. Increasing the chord/radius from 0.19 to 0.25 caused significant improvements in turbine efficiency especially at higher pitch amplitudes because of the flow curvature effects. A CFD model was developed and extensively validated with the present experimental data. The validated CFD model was used to understand the effect of the different parameters on turbine performance by analyzing the blade aerodynamics at various azimuthal locations. CFD analysis showed that the blade extracts most of the power in the frontal half of its circular trajectory and in some cases even lose power in the rear half. This study clearly indicates the potential for major improvements in VAWT performance with novel blade kinematics, optimal chord/radius ratio, and using cambered blades.
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Sampelawang, Petrus, Nasaruddin Salam, Luther Sule, and Rustan Tarakka. "Performance Analysis of the Savonius-Type Rotor with Grooved Blades as a Hydrokinetic Turbine." In International Conference on Research in Engineering and Science Technology (IC-REST) 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-p8uv6k.
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The Savonius-type rotor is a phenomenal rotor model applied to vertical-axis type hydrokinetic turbines, which use is quite popular even though its performance is considered lower than other rotor types. One of the advantages of the Savonius-type rotor compared to other types of vertical axis hydrokinetic rotors is that it is more effective in extracting hydrokinetic energy from low velocity water flows. This research aims to analyze the performance of the Savonius rotor by modifying the blade model by providing grooves on the concave side. Tests were carried out on a two-blade Savonius rotor without grooves and with blades using 5, 6, 7 and 8 grooves with a width of 15 mm in the direction perpendicular to the shaft with varying input loads and flow rates for several constant rotation levels. The research results indicate that the groove-less blades yielded a maximum tip speed ratio (TSR) of 1.32 and a maximum efficiency (ɳ) of 29.58%. In contrast, grooved blades produced a maximum TSR of 1.40 and a maximum efficiency of 33.71%, indicating an increase in TSR of 0.08 and an efficiency increase of 4.17 %, with the highest increase occurring on eight-groove blades.
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Abdelfatah, Omar Sami, Yehia A. Eldrainy, Ali I. Shehata, and Ahmed S. Shehata. "A Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Tornado Wind Turbine." In The 12th International Conference on Fracture Fatigue and Wear. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-rcglq6.
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The increasing demand for clean and renewable energy has led researchers to focus on the development of vertical-axis wind turbines. This paper aims to compare the flow field and performance of the Tornado wind turbine with those of Savonius, Darrieus, and hybrid wind turbines at different tip speed ratios. A two-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent, and unsteady flow model was created using ANSYS Fluent 21 and verified through grid independence studies. The Tornado wind turbine demonstrates enhanced aerodynamic efficiency and reduced negative torque. The results show that the Tornado model achieves a peak power coefficient at a TSR of around 1.1. The model's validity was confirmed by comparing simulation results with experimental data for the model TN-2000 VW4, indicating its potential for real-world applications.
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Kapoor, Gaurav, Gaurav Saini, and Mohammad Zunaid. "Design and Numerical Modelling of Highway Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." In 22nd ISME International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering for Sustainable Development. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-4ptpul.
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Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) represent a significant advancement in harnessing wind energy, offering enhanced efficiency and adaptability. Their ability to capture wind from any direction makes them particularly suitable for urban environments and areas with unpredictable wind patterns.This study describes the design and its optimization for savonius vertical axis wind turbine for application in efficient energy generation on highways and our objective is to optimize the key parameters of design, including the blade arc angle , overlap ratio, and tip speed ratio to identify the best set of design configuration using Numerical Modelling done with the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study of Turbine Blade Profile and enhance efficiency indicators like power and torque coefficient to achieve an optimal level of performance. The Outcomes and key findings of this study suggested that a rotor configuration with (Ø = 130°, OR = 0.15, TSR = 1) demonstrated the highest CP of 0.473 (47.3% wind to mechanical power conversion) and a CT of 0.255 (25.5% wind to torque generation), these values suggests an enhanced performance of turbine in terms of capturing wind energy and generating torque, this provides evidence for consideration of these results while defining design criteria for the vertical axis wind turbine suitable to our application.
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"Optimasi Konversi Daya Turbin Angin Melalui Pengaturan Tsr (Tip Speed Ratio) dan Jenis Turbin." In Conference on Marine Engineering and its Application. Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya, 2024. https://doi.org/10.33863/cmea.v6i1.2663.
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Society is very dependent on fossil fuels, and currently Indonesia does not have excess oil reserves. According to the DEN, oil reserves will be exhausted in the next nine years. As an alternative, wind turbines can be used. However, the factor hindering this deployment is the design of the wind turbines, which is lacking. MPPT is used in wind turbines to optimize performance by determining the state of the wind turbine, then calculating the power sampling algorithm, and then calculating the overall performance and efficiency of the wind turbine. State 1, Vci 1 m/s, Vr 6 m/s, and Vco 8 m/s provide the highest power of the three. The H_Single Cp 0.47 and Tsr 4.5 turbines with a ratio of one rotor are suitable for use in several areas on the island of Java. If you want a greater output power from a wind turbine, then you can use a turbine with dual rotors, namely the HCR turbine, because it is capable of producing almost twice as much as a turbine with one rotor. The area with the most potential to generate electricity is in the Tuban area. Overall efficiency with a maglev wind generator (model WKG-1000-200r) gives a Savonius efficiency of 18.2%, an H-Darrieus efficiency of 22.1%, an HCR efficiency of 63%, and an H-Single efficiency of 42.3%.
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Ezz, Ahmed, and Ahmed M. R. El Baz. "Investigating the Performance of a Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) Using Toroidal Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2024: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-128897.
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Abstract Optimizing the aerodynamic design of small-scale horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) blades is essential for enhancing annual energy production, performance, and efficiency. This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with the ANSYS FLUENT solver to investigate the aerodynamic behavior of a newly designed multi-bladed HAWT, specifically introducing toroidal blades. The primary objectives include understanding the aerodynamics of two and three-bladed toroidal rotors, improving HAWT performance by increasing the power coefficient (Cp) and identifying the optimal looping ratio (C) for elliptic toroidal blade shape. The research involves a detailed comparison between toroidal and conventional turbine blades, utilizing Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory and a NACA 4412 airfoil for blade sections. The geometry characteristics, such as chord length and twist, are carefully calculated along the blade. A 3D geometric domain is created and appropriately meshed for the rotor. Analysis is conducted on a model representing the rotor at a constant wind speed of 7 m/s and various Tip Speed Ratios (TSR). A parametric study for the toroidal blade focuses on the shape ratio (C), determining the optimum ratio as 0.25. The results reveal a notable 14% increase in the power coefficient (Cp) for the three-bladed toroidal blade, calculated based on the optimum TSR for both basic and toroidal blades. The findings suggest that toroidal blades can effectively enhance small HAWT performance, especially at lower TSR. Overall, this research highlights the potential of toroidal blades to improve the power coefficients of small-scale HAWTs.
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Prasad Rao, Jubilee, and F. Javier Diez. "Experimental Analysis of a Cyclic Pitch Turbine." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69346.
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Cyclic pitch turbine is a drag based vertical axis fluid turbine which aims to optimize the drag forces that act on its blades. During operation, the turbine blades remain perpendicular to the flow in the drive stroke for maximum positive drag force and remain parallel to the flow in the recovery stroke for minimal negative drag. The blades pitch by 90 degrees between the two strokes using a dual cam mechanism. The blade pitching principle is inspired by bird’s wing motion and oar blade motion in rowing. Multiple turbine prototypes have been built and have been tested in air and water for functionality as well as for quantifying the performance. Water tunnel tests are conducted to measure power output at different turbine loads and flow velocities. Experimental setup included turbine speed, position senor and also a torque sensor. Experiments were aimed at understanding the performance of the turbine at different conditions and also finding the best blade configuration for maximum efficiency. The results show the cyclic variation of speed, torque and power output and coefficient of performance (CP) at different tip speed ratios (TSR). They show that the coefficient of performance is maximum which is 0.17 at around 0.55 tip speed ratio which is typical of drag based turbines and the value reduces with both increase and decrease in the value of TSR similar to conventional turbines.
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Burdett, Timothy A., and Kenneth W. Van Treuren. "A Theoretical and Experimental Comparison of Optimizing Angle of Twist Using BET and BEMT." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68350.
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Wind turbines are often designed using some form of Blade Element Model (BEM). However, different models can produce significantly different results when optimizing the angle of twist for power production. This paper compares the theoretical result of optimizing the angle of twist using Blade Element Theory (BET) and Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) with a tip-loss correction for a 3-bladed, 1.15-m diameter wind turbine with a design tip speed ratio (TSR) of 5. These two theories have been chosen because they are readily available to small-scale designers. Additionally, the turbine was scaled for experimental testing in the Baylor Subsonic Wind Tunnel. Angle of twist distributions differed by as much as 15 degrees near the hub, and the coefficient of power differed as much as 0.08 for the wind speeds tested.
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Kim, Youjin, Ali Al-Abadi, and Antonio Delgado. "Strategic Blade Shape Optimization for Aerodynamic Performance Improvement of Wind Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56836.
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This study introduces strategic methods for improving the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines. It was completed by combining different optimization methods for each part of the wind turbine rotor. The chord length and pitch angle are optimized by a torque-matched method (TMASO), whereas the airfoil shape is optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA). The TMASO is implemented to produce an improved design of a reference turbine (NREL UAE Phase V). The GA is operated to generate a novel airfoil design that is evaluated by automatic interfacing for the highest gliding ratio (GR). The adopted method produces an optimized wind turbine with an 11% increase of power coefficient (Cp) with 30% less of the corresponding tip speed ratio (TSR). Furthermore, the optimized wind turbine shows reduced tip loss effect.