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1
Hosseini, Amir, Daniel Trevor Cannon, and Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh. "Tip Speed Ratio Optimization: More Energy Production with Reduced Rotor Speed." Wind 2, no. 4 (2022): 691–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wind2040036.
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A wind turbine’s tip speed ratio (TSR) is the linear speed of the blade’s tip, normalized by the incoming wind speed. For a given blade profile, there is a TSR that maximizes the turbine’s efficiency. The industry’s current practice is to impose the same TSR that maximizes the efficiency of a single, isolated wind turbine on every turbine of a wind farm. This article proves that this strategy is wrong. The article demonstrates that in every wind direction, there is always a subset of turbines that needs to operate at non-efficient conditions to provide more energy to some of their downstream counterparts to boost the farm’s overall production. The aerodynamic interactions between the turbines cause this. The authors employed the well-known Jensen wake model in concert with Particle Swarm Optimization to demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy at Lillgrund, a wind farm in Sweden. The model’s formulation and implementation were validated using large-eddy simulation results. The AEP of Lillgrund increased by approximately 4% by optimizing and actively controlling the TSR. This strategy also decreased the farm’s overall TSR, defined as the average TSR of the turbines, by 8%, leading to several structural and environmental benefits. Note that both these values are farm-dependent and change from one farm to another; hence, this research serves as a proof of concept.
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Hendler, J., W. Flowers, and A. Bell. "Windmill Tip-Speed Ratio Regulation Using an Impedance-Matching Control System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, no. 4 (1985): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267701.
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A discussion of the approaches to, and benefits of, windmill tip-speed ratio (TSR) control is presented. Rotational speed regulation via load-controlled impedance matching is identified as the most efficient control method. An all-mechanical, self-powered windmill TSR controller using this method is presented with a discussion of its operation and wind tunnel test results. The controller, which is applicable to a variety of windmill/load combinations, also provides for rotor start-up and for shutdown in high winds. A design methodology is presented and used to design a controller for a windmill driving an electrical generator and for the same windmill driving a water pump. These designs are verified with a digital computer simulation using real wind data. The TSR controller regulated windmill speed for efficient operation at all wind speeds, limited only by the power rating of the windmill and load machinery. The simulation results also demonstrate the economic feasibility of the system.
3
Kumar, Devesh, and Mario A. Rotea. "Brief communication: Real-time estimation of the optimal tip-speed ratio for controlling wind turbines with degraded blades." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 11 (2024): 2133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-2133-2024.
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Abstract. Rotor performance is adversely affected by the wear and tear of blade surfaces caused, for example, by rain, snow, icing, dirt, bugs and aging. Blade surface degradation changes the aerodynamic properties of the rotor, which in turn changes the optimal tip-speed ratio (TSR) and the corresponding maximum power coefficient. Below the rated wind speed, if a turbine continues to operate at the manufacturer-designed optimal TSR, the rotor power could decrease more than necessary unless the optimal TSR is corrected to compensate for blade degradation or blade surfaces are restored. Re-tuning the tip-speed ratio can lead to an improvement in energy capture without blade repairs. In this work, we describe a real-time algorithm to re-tune the tip-speed ratio to its optimal but unknown value under blade degradation. The algorithm uses power measurements only and the Log-Power Proportional-Integral Extremum Seeking Control (LP-PIESC) strategy to re-tune the TSR. The algorithm is demonstrated in simulations to command the set-point TSR required by a generator speed control loop that maximizes power at below-rated wind speeds. Comparison of this solution with a baseline controller that uses the optimal TSR for a rotor with clean blades demonstrates improvements in energy capture between 0.5 % and 3.4 %, depending on the severity of blade degradation and the wind conditions. These results are obtained using the OpenFAST simulation tool, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW reference turbine and the NREL-developed Reference Open-Source Controller (ROSCO).
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Muldi, Yuhendri, Muskhir Mukhlidi, and Taali. "A novel optimum tip speed ratio control of low speed wind turbine generator based on type-2 fuzzy system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 4 (2019): 1189–97. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i4.1450.
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Variable speed control of wind turbine generator systems have been developed to get maximum output power at every wind speed variation, also called Maximum Power Points Tracking (MPPT). Generally, MPPT control system consists of MPPT algorithm to track the controller reference and generator speed controller. In this paper, MPPT control system is proposed for low speed wind turbine generator systems (WTGs) with MPPT algorithms based on optimum tip speed ratio (TSR) and generator speed controller based on field oriented control using type-2 fuzzy system (T2FS). The WTGs are designed using horizontal axis wind turbines to drive permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). The simulation show that the MPPT system based optimum TSR has been able to control the generator output power around the maximum point at all wind speeds.
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SAIDI, Youcef, Abdelkader MEZOUAR, Yahia MILOUD, Mohammed Amine BENMAHDJOUB, and Maamar YAHIAOUI. "Modeling and Comparative Study of Speed Sensor and Sensor-less based on TSR-MPPT Method for PMSG-WT Applications." International Journal of Energetica 3, no. 2 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47238/ijeca.v3i2.69.
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The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study between two maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control based on tip speed ratio (TSR) method: maximum power control with wind speed measurement (TSR-MPCWSM) and the maximum power control with wind speed estimation (TSR-MPCWSE). These methods are analytically compared to illustrate TSR-MPPT and power smoothing capability delivered by the turbine. The dynamic performance, robustness, and fast approximation of the optimal value are proved with the simulations under MATLAB/Simulink software
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Marchewka, Emil, Krzysztof Sobczak, Piotr Reorowicz, Damian Obidowski, and Krzysztof Jóźwik. "Influence of Tip Speed Ratio on the efficiency of Savonius wind turbine with deformable blades." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2367, no. 1 (2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2367/1/012003.
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Abstract Improving machines efficiency and searching for their new applications are the main topics in the development of the renewable energy industry. In the case of Savonius type wind turbines, the works aim at the improvement of aerodynamic performance. The CFD simulations of a turbine equipped with deformable blades showed a significant positive impact of this enhancement on the machine aerodynamic efficiency. Previously, the investigation was carried out for a TSR (Tip Speed Ratio) equal to 0.8, typically recognized as the point of maximal efficiency for conventional Savonius wind turbines with rigid blades. However, the continuously altering shape of blades during their rotation can influence the optimal TSR. Therefore, the efficiency of the deformable blade turbine was investigated in a wide range of TSR. In this paper, the previously developed quasi-2D model with a two-way Fluid-Structure Interaction method was employed to obtain turbine efficiency characteristics as a function of TSR. The maximum power coefficient Cp was achieved at TSR = 0.9. Obtained characteristic was compared with data for a conventional rigid blades turbine, gathered with a comparable sliding mesh model.
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Brandetti, L., Y. Liu, SP Mulders, C. Ferreira, S. Watson, and JW van Wingerden. "On the ill-conditioning of the combined wind speed estimator and tip-speed ratio tracking control scheme." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, no. 3 (2022): 032085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032085.
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Abstract In recent years, industrial controllers for modern wind turbines have been designed as a combined wind speed estimator and tip-speed ratio (WSE-TSR) tracking control scheme. In contrast to the conventional and widely used Kω 2 torque control strategy, the WSE-TSR scheme provides flexibility in terms of controller responsiveness and potentially improves power extraction performance. However, both control schemes heavily rely on prior information about the aerodynamic properties of the turbine rotor. Using a control-oriented linear analysis framework, this paper shows that the WSE-TSR scheme is inherently ill-conditioned. The ill-conditioning is defined as the inability of the scheme to uniquely determine the wind speed from the product with other model parameters in the power balance equation. Uncertainty of the power coefficient contribution in the latter mentioned product inevitably leads to a biased effective wind speed estimate. As a consequence, in the presence of uncertainty, the real-world wind turbine deviates from the intended optimal operating point, while the controller believes that the turbine operates at the desired set-point. Simulation results confirm that inaccurate model parameters lead to biased estimates of the actual turbine operating point, causing sub-optimal power extraction efficiency.
8
Pan, Lin, Ze Zhu, Haodong Xiao, and Leichong Wang. "Numerical Analysis and Parameter Optimization of J-Shaped Blade on Offshore Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196426.
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In this study, the performance of offshore wind turbines at low tip speed ratio (TSR) is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the performance of offshore wind turbines at low tip speed ratio (TSR) is improved by revising the blade structure. First, the parameters of vertical axis offshore wind turbine are designed based on the compactness iteration, a CFD simulation model is established, and the turbulence model is selected through simulation analysis to verify the independence of grid and time step. Compared with previous experimental results, it is shown that the two-dimensional simulation only considers the plane turbulence effect, and the simulation turbulence effect performs more obviously at a high tip ratio, while the three-dimensional simulation turbulence effect has well-fitting performance at high tip ratio. Second, a J-shaped blade with optimized lower surface is proposed. The study showed that the optimized J-shaped blade significantly improved its upwind torque and wind energy capture rate. Finally, the performance of the optimized J-blade offshore wind turbine is analyzed.
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Rodrigues, Rafael, and Corinne Lengsfeld. "Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part I: Model Validation and Near Wake Analysis." Energies 12, no. 5 (2019): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050940.
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The first part of this work describes the validation of a wind turbine farm Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation using literature velocity wake data from the MEXICO (Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions) experiment. The work is intended to establish a computational framework from which to investigate wind farm layout, seeking to validate the simulation and identify parameters influencing the wake. A CFD model was designed to mimic the MEXICO rotor experimental conditions and simulate new operating conditions with regards to tip speed ratio and pitch angle. The validation showed that the computational results qualitatively agree with the experimental data. Considering the designed tip speed ratio (TSR) of 6.6, the deficit of velocity in the wake remains at rate of approximately 15% of the free-stream velocity per rotor diameter regardless of the free-stream velocity applied. Moreover, analysis of a radial traverse right behind the rotor showed an increase of 20% in the velocity deficit as the TSR varied from TSR = 6 to TSR = 10, corresponding to an increase ratio of approximately 5% m·s−1 per dimensionless unit of TSR. We conclude that the near wake characteristics of a wind turbine are strongly influenced by the TSR and the pitch angle.
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Chen, Liu, Pei Yang, Bingxia Zhang, and Lingjie Chen. "Aerodynamic Enhancement of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines Using Plain and Serrated Gurney Flaps." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (2023): 12643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312643.
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In light of the escalating demand for renewable energy sources, vertical-axis wind turbines have emerged as a pivotal technical solution for addressing the challenge of clean energy supply in residential and urban areas. As a simple and feasible passive control method, the plain Gurney flap (PGF) is widely applied to improve turbine aerodynamic performance. In this paper, the influence of a novel serrated gurney flap (SGF) with different flap heights is studied on the NACA0021 airfoil by numerical simulations. The findings demonstrate that, compared with the PGF, the SGF reduces the trailing edge reverse vortices from a pair to a single vortex and possesses lower drag. When the flap height reaches 6% of the chord (6%c), the lift-to-drag ratio of SGF surpasses that of PGF. A turbine rotor is equipped with an SGF and a PGF to compare their performances. The result confirms the flap effect depending on the rotor’s tip speed. At a low tip speed ratio (TSR), the PGF works better than the SGF. The SGF is preferred over the PGF for a higher tip speed ratio (TSR > 2.5). With the 6%c flap height, the performance of the SGF rotor surpasses the PGF by 13.9% at TSR = 2.62.
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Ali, Sajid, and Choon-Man Jang. "Effects of Tip Speed Ratios on the Blade Forces of a Small H-Darrieus Wind Turbine." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 4025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14134025.
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Lift force is an important parameter for the performance evaluation of an H-Darrieus wind turbine. The rotational direction of the streamlined force is effective on the performance of the wind turbine. In order to analyze the flow characteristics around the turbine blades in real-time, a numerical analysis using three-dimensional unsteady Reynold-averaged Navier–Stokes equations has been introduced. Experimental data were obtained from a field test facility constructed on an island in South Korea and was introduced to compare the numerical simulation results with measured data. The optimum tip speed ratio (TSR) was investigated via a multi-variable optimization approach and was determined to be 3.5 for the NACA 0015 blade profile. The turbine displays better performance with the maximum power coefficient at the optimum TSR. It is due to the delay in the flow separation from the blade surface and the relatively lower strength of the tip vortices. Furthermore, the ratio between lift and drag forces is also the highest at the optimum TSR, as most of the aerodynamic force is directly converted into lift force. For one rotation of the turbine blade at the optimum TSR, the first quarter of motion produces the highest lift as the static pressure difference is maximum at the leading edge, which helps to generate maximum lift. At a TSR less than the optimum TSR, small-lift generation is dominant, whereas at a higher TSR, large drag production is observed. Both of these lead to lower performance of the turbine. Apart from the TSR, the optimum wind angle of attack is also investigated, and the results are prepared against each TSR.
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AGBOOLA, Mutiu K., Kabiru A. HASSAN, Titus O. AJEWOLE, and Seun OYELAM. "ENHANCEMENT OF POWER QUALITY OF MICROGRID-CONNECTED WIND ENERGY SYSTEM USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED TIP SPEED RATIO CONTROL." OAUSTECH Journal of Engineering and Intelligent Technology 1, no. 1 (2025): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.36108/ojeit/5202.10.0130.
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Integration of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) to the electric grid poses power quality problems due to the intermittent nature of wind flow. Power quality improvement has been addressed using conventional approaches for the adjustment of wind turbine’s tip speed ratio (TSR). However, low rotor speed and mechanical sensor failure are linked to the traditional classical control (TCC) methods. Therefore, this study employed an artificial neural network (ANN) technique in adjusting turbine’s TSR for power quality enhancement. Data on windspeed and turbine hub-speed were obtained from Shagari Wind Farm in Sokoto, Nigeria and a mathematical model of ANN-based TSR controller was develop. Using MATLAB/Simulink platform and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, a simulation model of the proposed method was developed. Impact of the TSR controller on the turbine blades was investigated and evaluated together with the quality of the microgrid’s output power, using mean square error. With implementation of the method on a 2.5 KW rated WECS and with TSR variations from 0 radians to 25 radians, the mechanical power output using the TCC method becomes stable at 240W level, while for the proposed method the stability level was achieved at 140W; indicating 58.33% improvement in the stability responses. In comparison with the TCC approach to TSR adjustment, the technique proposed in this study offers a better performance. Therefore, it is recommended for the improvement of power quality on grid-connected WECS.
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Koehuan, Verdy A., Sugiyono ., and Samsul Kamal. "Numerical Analysis on Aerodynamic Performance of Counter-rotating Wind Turbine through Rear Rotor Configuration." Modern Applied Science 13, no. 2 (2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n2p240.
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Numerical analysis was conducted on the aerodynamic performance and the flow characteristics around the counter-rotating wind turbine or CRWT blade through rear rotor configuration using various rotor diameter ratios and distance ratios to the turbine blade through a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation. CFD simulation showed the normalized power coefficients of the front rotor, rear rotor, and combined rotor (CRWT) to the single rotor with a strong influence of the rear rotor configuration with the addition of tip speed ratio (TSR). A larger average normalized power coefficient takes place at D1/D2=1.0 with L/D1=0.75 by 1.221. It is about 22.1% increased to the SRWT for the given TSR range. Axial velocity contours and resultant velocity vectors around the CRWT blade with a diameter ratio of D1/D2 > 1.0 and a closer rotor distance provide a stronger bound vortex and strong separation around the rear hub blade with a tendency to increase from the hub to the tip blade at low TSR. The higher the TSR, the movement of tip vortex moves closer to the rear tip blade which has the effect of increasing the leakage flow in the area of D1/D2 < 1.0.
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Muhammad Al,Ain Mat Zin, Izuan Amin Ishak, Mohammad Arafat, Nor Afzanizam Samiran, and Norain Sahari. "Impact Tip Speed Ratio in Performance Analysis for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) with Optimal Twist and Tapered (OPT) Blade Shape." CFD Letters 16, no. 8 (2024): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.8.1832.
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Performance for Horizontal Axial Wind Turbine (HAWT) is influenced by the difference in tip speed ratio (TSR) and mesh distribution. The objective of this article is to study the optimal performance of wind turbines when subjected to different mesh resolution, TSR and wind speed velocity.Therefore, it is important to study the effects of different mesh resolutions in terms of wind turbine performance. To achieve that, a 0.65m optimal twist and tapered (OPT) blade is used with various inlet velocities and TSR. This study uses the k-ꞷ shear-stress transport (SST) based Reynold-Average Navier Stokes (RANS) approach in commercial ANSYS Fluent CFD software. This simulation was performed using the Moving Ratio Frame (MRF) method. To find the optimum grid resolution, a Grid Independence Test (GIT) was conducted comparing the coefficient of power (Cp). From the RESULT, TSR 6 shows the best HAWT performance when Cp for inlet velocity 8 m/s is 0.2608.
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Yang, Yong Ming, Ya Qiang Li, and Yong Feng. "Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Wind Energy Conversion System Based on Constant Tip Speed Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.817.
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In this paper, the terminal sliding mode (TSM) control technique is used to solve the solution sought for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of wind energy conversion system. In order to realize the control strategy, the wind energy conversion system (WECS) is regarded as a part of the constructed high order system. Based on the constant tip-speed ratio (TSR), selecting the appropriate state variables and treating rotational speed as the object researched, the control scheme for the MPPT of wind turbine can be achieved by using the terminal sliding mode control technique. The simulation carried out shows that the system tracking efficiency can be greatly improved and the power factor and tip speed ratio are very close to the optimal value in this solution.
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Chen, T. Y., C. W. Hung, and Y. T. Liao. "Experimental Study on Aerodynamics of Micro-Wind Turbines with Large-Tip non-Twisted Blades." Journal of Mechanics 29, no. 3 (2013): N15—N20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2013.35.
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AbstractThis research experimentally investigates the rotor aerodynamics of horizontal-axis, micro-wind turbines. Specifically, the aerodynamic characteristics of large-tip, non-twisted blades are studied. The study is conducted in a wind tunnel system to obtain the relations between the power coefficient (CP) and tip speed ratio (TSR), the torque coefficient (CT) and TSR. Effects of rotor position inside a flanged diffuser, rotor solidity and blade number on rotor performance are investigated. The blade cross-section is NACA4415 airfoil. The pitch angle of the blades is fixed at 30°, and the chord length ratio between the blade root and tip (Cr / Ct) is fixed at 0.3. Results show that larger power output is obtained when the rotor placed closer to the diffuser inlet. The 60%-solidity rotor, in general, achieves better power and torque outputs among the test rotor solidities. The higher the blade number is, the larger the power output is, but the difference is small. Comparisons between the present and previous relatively short-tip blades (Cr / Ct = 0.5) show that the present blades have better power and torque outputs at lower rotor rotational speed. These results suggest that the large-tip blades are suitable for micro-wind turbine applications, and make rotor-generator matching more flexible.
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Baskoro, Albertus Naturally, Y. B. Lukiyanto, Dionisius Brian Deva Erwandha, and Rines Rines. "Coefficient of power of Indonesian traditional wind-pump blade model." E3S Web of Conferences 475 (2024): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447503010.
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Indonesia has wind energy potential as a renewable energy resource which is currently being developed intensively. Salt farmers have used it with wind-pump as part of the traditional salt-making process. They have the ability to manufacture, operate and maintain the Indonesian traditional wind-pump. The aim of the experiment was to find out characteristic of windmill of the traditional wind-pump. The characteristics was expressed with relation of coefficient of power (Cp) and the tip speed ratio (tsr). The ratio of the wind mill model was 1: 2.5. The wind mill model consisted of four blades and 80 cm diameter. The experiment was done in a wind tunnel with wind speed of 5 m/s. The adjustable shaft load was electric machine. In the experiment, the wind speed range was 5.7 up to 6.3 m/s and shaft speed was 42.3 up to 387.4 rpm. The experiment resulted minimum and maximum tsr and Cp were 0.295 up to 2.705 and 2.623 up to 11.073, respectively. The experiment found out relationship of Cp and tsr in an equation Cp = -3.248 tsr2 + 12.29 tsr – 1.007. The equation showed that the traditional windmill model has maximum Cp of 10.62 at the tsr of 1.89.
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Muchiri, Kennedy, Joseph Ngugi Kamau, David Wafula Wekesa, Churchill Otieno Saoke, Joseph Ndisya Mutuku, and Joseph Kimiri Gathua. "Design and Optimization of a Wind Turbine for Rural Household Electrification in Machakos, Kenya." Journal of Renewable Energy 2022 (September 15, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8297972.
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Machakos is an area characterized by low wind speeds in the range of 0.5 m/s to 5 m/s with an annual average wind speed of 3.5 m/s. Maximum power generation from wind requires the appropriate design of the conversion system. In this study, two HAWT rotor blades were fabricated using Styrofoam and aluminium with a pitching mechanism to maximize power. The system was tested in a wind tunnel environment at a wind speed range of 0 m/s−20 m/s. RPMs and torque were measured and then used to calculate the TSR and power coefficients at different pitching angles. Energy optimization was performed by varying the pitch angles from 0 to 40 degree and rotational speeds, blade shape, and also a variation of blade materials. The analysis of tip speed ratios showed positive skewness implying high potential for significant energy generation at low wind speeds. At the rated wind speed of 5 m/s, Styrofoam blades performed optimally at a pitch angle of 20 degree with a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 2.1 corresponding to a Cp of 0.465. This translates to 238 W of power. Aluminium type performed optimally at a pitch angle of 15 degree with a TSR of 1.9 corresponding to a CP of 0.431, a power estimate of 220 W. These findings showed that Styrofoam blades were more effective and thus suitable for application in wind systems. The understanding gained from this study could be useful to the HAWT research community and can be extended to the turbine designs for small-scale microgrids and utility applications.
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Umar, Dallatu Abbas, Chong Tak Yaw, Siaw Paw Koh, Sieh Kiong Tiong, Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani, and Talal Yusaf. "Design and Optimization of a Small-Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade for Energy Harvesting at Low Wind Profile Areas." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093033.
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Wind turbine blades perform the most important function in the wind energy conversion process. It plays the most vital role of absorbing the kinetic energy of the wind, and converting it to mechanical energy before it is transformed into electrical energy by generators. In this work, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 4412 and SG6043 airfoils were selected to design a small horizontal axis variable speed wind turbine blade for harvesting efficient energy from low wind speed areas. Due to the low wind profile of the targeted area, a blade of one-meter radius was considered in this study. To attain the set objectives of fast starting time and generate more torque and power at low wind speeds, optimization was carryout by varying Reynolds numbers (Re) on tip speed ratios (TSR) values of 4, 5, and 6. The blade element momentum (BEM) method was developed in MATLAB programming code to iteratively find the best twist and chord distributions along the one-meter blade length for each Re and tip speed ratio (TSR) value. To further enhance the blade performance, the twist and chord distributions were transferred to Q-blade software, where simulations of the power coefficients (Cp) were performed and further optimized by varying the angles of attack. The highest power coefficients values of 0.42, 0.43, and 0.44 were recorded with NACA 4412 rotor blades, and 0.43, 0.44, and 0.45 with SG6043 rotor blades. At the Re of 3.0 × 105, the blades were able to harvest maximum power of 144.73 watts (W), 159.69 W, and 201.04 W with the NACA 4412 and 213.15 W, 226.44 W, 245.09 W with the SG6043 at the TSR of 4, 5, and 6 respectively. The lowest cut-in speed of 1.80 m/s and 1.70 m/s were achieved with NACA 4412 and SG6043 airfoils at TSR 4. At a low wind speed of 4 m/s, the blades were able to harness an efficient power of 79.3. W and 80.10 W with both rotor blades at the TSR 4 and 6 accordingly.
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Karjadi, Mochamad. "Desain Turbin Angin Modern sebagai upaya Meningkatkan Efisiensi dan Kinerja Energi Angin." Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 7, no. 1 (2024): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v7i1.1217.
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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan desain turbin angin modern yang mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dan kinerja konversi energi angin di daerah dengan kecepatan angin rendah. Tinjauan pustaka untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis data dari jurnal ilmiah, artikel, dan sumber akademik yang relevan terkait desain turbin angin modern. Fokusnya adalah bagaimana desain bilah, penggunaan teknologi Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG), dan Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) dapat meningkatkan efisiensi kinerja turbin angin, terutama di daerah dengan kecepatan angin rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pandangan komprehensif mengenai tantangan dan solusi dalam mengoptimalkan desain turbin angin di berbagai kondisi angin. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan angin merupakan faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi efisiensi turbin angin. Turbin sumbu horizontal (HAWT) dengan profil NACA 2410 lebih efisien dibandingkan turbin sumbu vertikal (VAWT), terutama di daerah dengan kecepatan angin rendah. Teknologi Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) membantu meningkatkan efisiensi dengan memungkinkan produksi listrik pada putaran rendah. Desain bilah yang tepat dan pengaturan Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) berperan penting dalam kinerja turbin, sementara inovasi lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk wilayah dengan angin lemah.
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Encarnacion, Job Immanuel, Cameron Johnstone, and Stephanie Ordonez-Sanchez. "Design of a Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine for Less Energetic Current Velocity Profiles." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 7 (2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7070197.
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Existing installations of tidal-stream turbines are undertaken in energetic sites with flow speeds greater than 2 m/s. Sites with lower velocities will produce far less power and may not be as economically viable when using “conventional” tidal turbine designs. However, designing turbines for these less energetic conditions may improve the global viability of tidal technology. Lower hydrodynamic loads are expected, allowing for cost reduction through downsizing and using cheaper materials. This work presents a design methodology for low-solidity high tip-speed ratio turbines aimed to operate at less energetic flows with velocities less than 1.5 m/s. Turbines operating under representative real-site conditions in Mexico and the Philippines are evaluated using a quasi-unsteady blade element momentum method. Blade geometry alterations are undertaken using a scaling factor applied to chord and twist distributions. A parametric filtering and multi-objective decision model is used to select the optimum design among the generated blade variations. It was found that the low-solidity high tip-speed ratio blades lead to a slight power drop of less than 8.5% when compared to the “conventional” blade geometries. Nonetheless, an increase in rotational speed, reaching a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 7.75, combined with huge reduction in the torque requirement of as much as 30% paves the way for reduced costs from generator downsizing and simplified power take-off mechanisms.
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Aries Permana Tarigan, Roy, Radhi Ariawan, Adam Jauza Maulana, and Wais Al Khorni. "Pengaruh Sudut Sudu Turbin Jenis Taper Terhadap Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) dan Power Coefficient (CP) pada Turbin Angin Horisontal Berbasis Q-Blade." Accurate: Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Science 3, no. 1 (2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/accurate.v3i1.1509.
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The utilization of wind energy as a power plant still needs to be improved by looking at the turbine performance, which is not always the same in different regional conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of the blade angle of the turbine on the tip speed ratio (TSR) and power coefficient (CP) by using a Q-Blade simulation. Q-Blade software can predict the value of the power generated at the blade rotation by comparing the CP and TSR values. The type of airfoil NACA 4412, taper blade, blade's numbers (4), blade radius (0.3 m), wind speed ± 3.6 m/s were fixed variables in this study. The simulation generated a graph of the relationship between CP and TSR changed and a simulation image of the load distribution ensued in the blade geometry. The blade angle of 30 at the TSR number 5 produced the highest CP values, which was ±0.4. The low loading value in the axis/rotor region, at a variation of the blade angle of 30, balances the centrifugal force on the rotating fluid. The centrifugal force produces thrust on the turbine so that the blade rotates with a high CP value in that area.
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Srinivasan, Lakshmi, Nishanth Ram, Sudharshan Bharatwaj Rengarajan, Unnikrishnan Divakaran, Akram Mohammad, and Ratna Kishore Velamati. "Effect of Macroscopic Turbulent Gust on the Aerodynamic Performance of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." Energies 16, no. 5 (2023): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052250.
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Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) have proven to be suitable for changing wind conditions, particularly in urban settings. In this paper, a 2D URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes) numerical analysis is employed for an H-Darrieus VAWT. A turbulent domain is created through systemically randomising the inlet velocity to create macro-turbulence in front of the VAWT. The parameters for spatial and temporal randomisation of velocity and its effects on the turbine performance are studied for a mean free stream velocity, U∞ = 10 m/s, and a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 4.1. The mean Coefficient of power (Cp) for randomised fluctuation of 2 m/s and half-cycle randomisation update frequency is 0.411 and for uniform inlet velocity is 0.400. The Cp vs. Tip Speed ratio plot suggests that the optimal tip speed ratio for operation is around 4.1 for this particular wind turbine of diameter 1 m, chord 0.06 m, and NACA 0018 airfoils. The effect of randomisation for tip speed ratio λ = 2.5, 3.3, 4.1, and 5.3 on the performance of the turbine is studied. Turbine wake recovers at a faster rate for macro-turbulent conditions and is symmetric when compared to wake generated by uniform velocity inlet. The maximum velocity deficit for a distance behind the turbine, x/d = 8 at TSR (λ) = 4.1 is 46% for randomised inlet and 64% for uniform inlet. The effect of randomisation for λ = 2.5 to 5.3 on the performance of the turbine is analysed. A time-varying gust based on International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Extreme Operating Gust is used to study the effect of fluctuating wind conditions in a turbulent environment. Since real-time conditions often exceed gust factors mentioned by IEC, winds with large gust factors such as 1.50, 1.64, and 1.80 are analysed. With an increase in gust amplitude, Ugust = 6 m/s to Ugust = 12 m/s on a free stream velocity of U∞ = 10 m/s, the mean Cp decreases from 0.41 to 0.35 since the wind turbine operates under tip speed ratios outside optimal range due to large fluctuations in incoming velocity.
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Zhang, Yixiao, Shivansh Mittal, and Eddie Yin-Kwee Ng. "CFD Validation of Moment Balancing Method on Drag-Dominant Tidal Turbines (DDTTs)." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11071895.
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Current performance analysis processes for drag-dominant tidal turbines are unsuitable as disk actuator theory lacks support for varying swept blockage area, bypass flow downstream interaction, and parasitic rotor drag, whereas blade element momentum theory is computably effective for three-blade lift-dominated aerofoil. This study proposes a novel technique to calculate the optimal turbine tip speed ratio (TSR) with a cost-effective and user-friendly moment balancing algorithm. A reliable dynamic TSR matrix was developed with varying rotational speeds and fluid velocities, unlike previous works simulated at a fixed fluid velocity. Thrust and idle moments are introduced as functions of inlet fluid velocity and rotational speed, respectively. The quadratic relationships are verified through regression analysis, and net moment equations are established. Rotational speed was a reliable predictor for Pinwheel’s idle moment, while inlet velocity was a reliable predictor for thrust moment for both models. The optimal (Cp, TSR) values for Pinwheel and Savonius turbines were (0.223, 2.37) and (0.63, 0.29), respectively, within an acceptable error range for experimental validation. This study aims to improve prevailing industry practices by enhancing an engineer’s understanding of optimal blade design by adjusting the rotor speed to suit the inlet flow case compared to ‘trial and error’ with cost-intensive simulations.
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Khusnawati, Nila, Rianto Wibowo, and Masruki Kabib. "ANALISA TURBIN ANGIN SUMBU HORIZONTAL TIGA SUDU." JURNAL CRANKSHAFT 5, no. 2 (2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/crankshaft.v5i2.7683.
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ABSTRAK Turbin angin merupakan suatu alat yang mampu mengubah energi angin menjadi energi mekanik kemudian diubah menjadi energi listrik melalui generator turbin. Efisiensi turbin angin poros horizontal ini dapat ditingkatkan untuk mendapatkan koefisien daya yang maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, adalah untuk mengetahui sudut sudu pada kecepatan angin (m/s), putaran turbin (rpm), torsi (N.m), kecepatan sudut ( rad/s ), daya angin ( watt ), koefisien daya (%), tip speed ratio (%). Pada hubungan grafik sudut sudu pada putaran poros, putaran turbinTarget analisa Performansi adalah turbin angin adalah untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dengan memanfaatkan energi angin pada sebuah kipas angin sehingga berputarkan rotor blade turbin angin menghasilkan energi listrik yang ramah lingkungan.Metode penelitian ini adalah analisa performansi turbin angin poros horizontal dengan kecepatan angin blade 3 ditinjau dari Efisiensi system dan Tip Speed Ratio (TSR). Analisa dilakukan dengan sumber angin berasal dari angin untuk mengarahkan kincir angin. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu setelah menganalisa kinerja turbin angin terdapat kecepatan angin sangat mempengaruhi output atau daya mekanik dan koefisien daya. Pada perhitungan torsi dapat di hasilkan sebesar 0,4 N.m, untuk perhitungan Kecepatan sudut sudu 45o menghasilkan nilai sebesar 68,4 rad/s, dan untuk perhitungan daya angin sendiri menghasilkan daya sebesar 290,9 watt, dengan kecepatan angin 4,0 m/s grafik data analisis dapat dilihat , dengan perubahan sudut sudu pada poros horizontal turbin angin kontra model berputar.. Kata kunci: Turbin angin, Poros horizontal,. Efisiensi sistem, Tip Speed Ratio dan Daya Angin. ABSTRACT Wind turbine is a device that is able to convert wind energy into mechanical energy which is then converted into electrical energy through a turbine generator. The efficiency of this horizontal axis wind turbine can be increased to get the maximum power coefficient.The purpose of this study was to determine the blade angle at wind speed (m/s), turbine rotation (rpm), torque (Nm), angular speed (rad/s), wind power (watt), coefficient power (%), tip speed ratio (%). In the graphic relationship of the blade angle on the shaft rotation, the turbine rotationPerformance analysis target is the wind turbine is to produce electrical energy by utilizing wind energy in a fan so that the wind turbine blade rotates to produce environmentally friendly electrical energy.This research method is analyzing the performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine with 3 blade wind speeds in terms of system efficiency and Tip Speed Ratio (TSR). The analysis is carried out with the wind source coming from the wind to direct the windmill.The results of this study are that after analyzing the performance of the wind turbine, wind speed greatly affects the output or mechanical power and power coefficient. In the calculation of torque, 0.4 Nm can be produced, for the calculation of the 45o blade angular velocity it produces a value of 68.4 rad/s, and for the calculation of the wind power itself it produces 290.9 watts of power, with a wind speed of 4.0 m/s. The graph of the analysis data can be seen, with changes in the blade angle on the horizontal axis of the wind turbine counter rotating model.. Keywords: wind turbine, horizontal shaft,. System efficiency, Tip Speed Ratio and Wind Power.
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Dygku., Asmanissa Awg. Osman, Rosmin Norzanah, Hatib Musta'amal Aede, Maherah Hussin Siti, and Pauzi Abdullah Md. "Performance of a Small-sized Savonious Blade with Wind Concentrator." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 3 (2018): 1227–33. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i3.pp1227-1233.
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This paper presents the performance of a fabricated small-sized Savonious wind turbine with two blades. The design of Savonius vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) was based on Malaysia wind speed condition. Meanwhile, the design of wind concentrator was based on the dimensions and the constant airflow of an air compressor. From the experimental testing in a laboratory, it was found that the proposed Savonious turbine has best performance when tested using wind concentrator. To conclude, airflow from air compressor can be increased when the proposed wind concentrator is used and hence increasing the proposed VAWT performance in terms of its angular speed (ω), tip speed ratio (TSR) and the generated electrical power (PE).
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Aquino, Michelle Angeli Viktoria, Mikhail Alexander Calibjo, Christine Marie Nulada, et al. "Fabrication and Performance Analysis of an S1046 H-Darrieus VAWT using Mahogany as Blades." E3S Web of Conferences 530 (2024): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453005004.
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Wind turbines are systems that generate electricity from the wind. These turbines vary in design and performance. For this study, the goal is to design an H-Darrieus type Vertical Axis Turbine that utilizes mahogany for its blade material. Mahogany is a natural composite type of material which addresses pollution concerns when using nanocomposites and is known for its high strength, durability, and workability. The airfoil to be made will follow an S1046 profile which yields the best performance when it comes to Tip Speed Ratio (TSR). The wind tunnel is utilized for the testing process wherein it controls the wind speed from 4m/s to 10m/s. Data showed that the maximum rotational speed in rpm achieved by the designed turbine is 53.18 at 10 m/s wind speed. Based on the results, the performance would not surpass the original material used for the design which is fiberglass polyester. However, the maximum TSR generated is 0.1879, that is comparatively lower than the maximum value from the specified theoretical considerations, specifically TSR of four.
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Fahrudin, Fahrudin, Fitri Wahyuni, and Dini Oktavitasari. "Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Jumlah Sudu Terhadap Kinerja Wind Turbine Crossflow." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 16, no. 2 (2021): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/jrm.v16i2.2555.
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<p>Wind is an alternative energy that is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Therefore, we need a type of wind turbine that can receive wind from all directions. The crossflow type vertical axis wind turbine has a high torque coefficient at a low tip speed ratio. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the number of blades on the performance of the vertical axis crossflow wind turbine. The experimental test was carried out by varying the number of blades. The configuration is analyzed using the experimental wind tunnel test scheme which has been modified in the section test section. The results showed that the number of blades 16 has a power coefficient ( ) = 0.23 tip speed ratio (TSR) = 0.42 at a wind speed of 4 m / s.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>
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Mulyadi, Musrady, and Marhatang Marhatang. "RANCANG BANGUN TURBIN SAVONIUS UNTUK PENERANGAN LAMPU PANTAI." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi 11, no. 2 (2019): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v11i2.1107.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membuat serta menguji turbin tipe savonius –VAWT dengan bahan sudu trubin dari drum plastik untuk menghasilkan listrik. Rancang bangun turbin angin ini menggunakan metode perancangan dan penentuan dimensi turbin angin berdasarkan penentuan Rotor Power Coeficient (Cpr), Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) dan Rotor Torque Coeficient (Cq), kemudian dilaukan perakitan,dan pengujian turbin angin. Pada pengujiannya digunakan pada kondisi berbeban di kota Makassar di Kecamatan Tamalate, Kelurahan Tanjung Merdeka dengan memanfaatkan angin pantai. Hasil Penelitian Turbin Angin savonius tipe VAWT dengan konstruksi tinggi blade 90 cm dan diameter 82,5 cm yang bisa berputar pada kecepatan angin minimal 0,6 m/s. Hubungan kecepatan angin terhadap arus generator, semakin besar kecepatan angin maka semakin besar pula arus yang di dapat dengan arus minimum 0,01A dan arus maksimum yaitu 0,146A.Putaran poros turbin maksimum 91,1 Rpm diperoleh pada kecepatan angin 5,5 m/s, sedangkan kecepatan angin 0.6 m/s putaran minimum poros turbin 15 rpm, Dari grafik hubungan antara tip speed rasio dan koefisien daya,bahwa koefisien daya bergantung pada perbandingan ujung sudu,dan ditandai dengan kurva Cp berbanding dengan kecepatan ujung sudu-tip speed rasio curve.
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Qi, Liangwen, Liming Zheng, Xingzhi Bai, Qin Chen, Jiyao Chen, and Yan Chen. "Nonlinear Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Method for Wind Turbines Considering Dynamics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030811.
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A combined strategy of torque error feed-forward control and blade-pitch angle servo control is proposed to improve the dynamic power capture for wind turbine maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Aerodynamic torque is estimated using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Wind speed and tip speed ratio (TSR) are estimated using the Newton–Raphson method. The error between the estimated aerodynamic torque and the steady optimal torque is used as the feed-forward signal to control the generator torque. The gain parameters in the feed-forward path are nonlinearly regulated by the estimated generator speed. The estimated TSR is used as the reference signal for the optimal blade-pitch angle regulation at non-optimal TSR working points, which can improve the wind power capture for a wider non-optimal TSR range. The Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence (FAST) code is used to simulate the aerodynamics and mechanical aspects of wind turbines while MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to simulate the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system. The example of a 5 MW wind turbine model reveals that the new method is able to improve the dynamic response of wind turbine MPPT and wind power capture.
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Sarichloo, Zohreh, Pedram Ghorbanpour, and Francesco Salvatore. "Horizontal-axis tidal turbine design based on 3D hydrodynamics." International Marine Energy Journal 5, no. 1 (2022): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.77-90.
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A computational procedure for the hydrodynamicanalysis and design of horizontal-axis tidal turbinesis presented and numerical applications are discussed. Themethodology combines an original design algorithm and aturbine hydrodynamics model valid for arbitrary 3D flows.Different from standard design methods based on bladeelement models, 3D-flow corrections are not necessary.Blade geometry parameters are determined with the objectiveto maximize power at given design Tip Speed Ratio(TSR), whereas a constraint is introduced in order to limitturbine thrust at TSR higher than the design condition.Numerical applications include the design of a laboratoryscaleturbine and a full-scale turbine for the exploitationof tidal streams in the Messina strait. Alternative designsolutions obtained by varying the design TSR are comparedin terms of energy output as well as mechanical loadstransferred to the powertrain.
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Yusuf Alhassan, Bashir Isyaku Kunya, and Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. "Numerical Analysis of Wind Turbine Performance Using Different Blade Materials under Wind Load Deflection." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 103, no. 2 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.103.2.111.
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A numerical investigation of the deflection on blades of three different materials against the range of wind speeds, and the effect on the blades’ aerodynamic performance was carried out. ABS plastic, wood and glass fiber were used to make blade solid models with Eppler E387 airfoil. Using ANSYS software, wind load impact simulation was carried on the blades over range of operation wind speeds to determine blade tip deflections. Highest and lowest deflection over the range of wind speeds were found to be for ABS plastic blade and glass fibre blade respectively Deflected blades were adopted to a commercial 20 kW wind turbine as a case study. The turbines were subjected to air flow simulation to determine aerodynamic performances over the range of 5m/s to 20m/s wind speeds. At rated wind speed of 10m/s, power coefficient values of 0.52175, 0.53685 and 0.53710 at optimum tip speed ratio (TSR) of 5 were produced by ABS, wood and glass fibre blades respectively. At severe wind speed of 20m/s, corresponding power coefficient values were 0.29911, 0.47458 and 0.58666 respectively. The study indicates that at normal operating winds speeds, all the materials are suitable for blade adoption, while glass fibre material seems to withstand severe wind speed most in aerodynamic performance.
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NURWICAKSANA, WAHYU AULIA, BUDHY SETIAWAN, IKA NOER SYAMSIANA, and SEPTYANA RISKITASARI. "Kontrol Angle of Attack untuk Optimasi Daya padaVertical Axis Wind Turbine Tipe Darrieus." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, no. 3 (2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i3.492.
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ABSTRAKVAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine) tipe Darrieus NACA0015 merupakan salah satu model dari turbin angin yang bekerja dengan menggunakan angin sebagai sumber penggerak. Namun dari hasil pengamatan, kecepatan angin yang ada tidak konstan setiap saat. Sehingga dari permasalahan ini perlu suatu kontrol yaitu dengan mengendalikan sudut kerja blade VAWT yang dikenal dengan kontrol angle of attack (AoA). Prinsip kerja kontrol AoA yaitu sudut blade diatur agar VAWT bekerja secara optimum dan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi. Metode kontrol AoA menggunakan PID (Proportional–Integral–Derivative) dengan memberikan nilai trial and error pada Kp, Ki, Kd. VAWT ini menggunakan konstanta TSR (Tip Speed Ratio) yaitu 4. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu daya yang dihasilkan VAWT dengan kontrol AoA mendapatkan rata-rata efisiensi sebesar 5.16%, sedangkan VAWT tanpa kontrol mendapatkan efisiensi sebesar 3.49%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan kontrol AoA, rata-rata efisiensi dayanya naik sebesar 1.67% dari yang tanpa kontrol.Kata Kunci: Kontrol Angle of Attack (AoA), VAWT, TSR, Efisiensi ABSTRACTVAWT (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine) type Darrieus NACA0015 is one model of a wind turbine that works by using wind as a source of propulsion. Conditions from observations, wind speeds that are not constant every time. So from this problem needs control VAWT by controlling the working angle of the VAWT blade is the angle of attack control (AoA). The principle AoA control is that the blade angle adjusted so that the VAWT works optimally and can improve the efficiency. AoA control method uses PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) by providing trial and error values for Kp, Ki, Kd. VAWT uses TSR (Tip Speed Ratio) constant which is 4. The results of this research, VAWT with AoA control get an average efficiency of 5.16%, while without control gets an average efficiency of 3.49%. So it can be concluded that with AoA control, the average power efficiency increases by 1.67% from those without control.Keywords: Angle of Attack (AoA) Control, VAWT, TSR, Efficiency
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Wahyudi, Syahrul Nur, Dony Hidayat Al-Janan, and Danang Dwi Saputro. "Konfigurasi Bilah NACA 3612 Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Sumbu Horizontal (TASH)." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 11, no. 3 (2020): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2020.011.03.14.
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To improve electrical energy better, the design and optimization of micro scale wind turbines has become a very important element in research. The aims are improving the ability to capture power and maximize energy production properly. The object of this study was horizontal axis wind turbine performance testing with the configuration of types and numbers of NACA 3612 blade variation in terms of output power (W), efficiency (η) and tip speed ratio (TSR). The tests carried out in the laboratory using a wind tunnel. There are 8 variations of wind speed, 1.41 m/s, 1.76 m/s, 2.51 m/s, 3.74 m/s, 4.81 m/s, 5.50 m/s, 5.71 m/s and 6.11 m/s. The results showed that the best power value was a taperless type with 2 blades of 0.846 watts with a maximum rotating speed of 876.3 rpm at 6.11 m/s wind speed. For the best efficiency value obtained at 3.74 m/s wind speed on the type of taper with a number of 4 blades of 2.9% at TSR 4.778. While the maximum TSR occurs in the type of taper with a number of 3 blades of 6.256 at 3.74 m/s wind speed by testing without using a prony brake.
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Sun, Zhaocheng, Long Feng, Yufeng Mao, et al. "Investigation of Hydrodynamic Performance and Evolution of the near Wake on a Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine." Machines 10, no. 4 (2022): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10040234.
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The hydrodynamic performance and near wake of tidal current turbines are investigated via numerical simulation and experimental methods in this study. Based on large eddy simulation, the performance and wake characteristics of a tidal 10 kW turbine are then studied at different TSR (Tip Speed Ratio), and the velocity deficit and wake expansion along the flow direction are compared. The equal proportion hydraulic turbine model is designed by the similarity theory, and the experiment was carried out in a water channel, the test parameters including power and torque. The simulation and experimental results show that due to the boundary effect and blocking effect of the flume, there is a certain deviation between the experimental data and the simulation data, but the trend is the same. With the increase of TSR, the pitch of the helix formed by tip vortex gradually decreases, and the tip vortex and root vortex are destroyed earlier in the process of moving downstream. The axial velocity deficit decreases with the increase of axial distance. Finally, the hydrodynamic performance of a turbine is analyzed through experiment and simulation. The experimental results verify and support the simulation results, but there are quantitative differences, and when the TSR = 5, the turbine efficiency has the maximum value.
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Meenakshi, Ram, and Ranganath Muthu. "An Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Wind Energy Conversion Systems." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1030.
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This paper presents on overview of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for different types of wind energy conversion systems (WECS). In order to obtain maximum power from the wind turbine (WT), variable speed wind energy conversion systems (VSWECSs) are preferred over constant speed wind energy conversion systems (CSWECSs).In VSWECS, the rotational speed of the turbine is varied by controlling the aerodynamic or electrical parameters of WECS to maintain a constant tip-speed ratio (TSR). This is called maximum power point tracking and different techniques are applied to WECS namely Squirrel Cage Induction Generators (SCIGs) based WECS, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) based WECS.
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Setiawan, Priyo Agus. "Kinerja Darrieus Tipe-H terhadap Variasi Tinggi Fin Pada NACA 0018." INOVTEK POLBENG 13, no. 1 (2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/ip.v13i1.3319.
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Potensi sumber daya energi terbarukan di Indonesia sangat besar. Potensi tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendistribusikan energi secara merata. Salah satu pemanfaatannya yaitu dengan menggunakan turbin angin Darrieus untuk mengubah energi angin menjadi energi listrik. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan guna meningkatkan kinerja turbin. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi numeric dengan memvariasikan tinggi fin untuk mengetahui nilai Cp, Ct dan TSR. Metode Computational Fluid Dynamics digunakan untuk mengetahui nilai Ct, Cp dan TSR yang berupa grafik koefisien torsi (Ct) dan koefisien daya (Cp) terhadap Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) menggunakan turbin angin Darrieus konvensional berdiameter 40 cm dan tinggi rotor sebesar 50 cm. Simulasi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan tinggi fin sebesar 1,5cm; 2,5cm, dan 3,5cm dengan jumlah fin 3. Hasil kinerja turbin angin Darrieus menunjukkan peningkatan tertinggi sebesar 45,23% pada variasi tinggi fin 2,5cm.
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Saleh, Mahmoud, and Endre Kovács. "Drag coefficient calculation of modified Myring-Savonius wind turbine with numerical simulations." Design of Machines and Structures 10, no. 2 (2020): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32972/dms.2020.017.
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Nowadays the importance of renewable energy is growing, and the utilization of the low wind energy potential is getting crucial. There are turbines with low and high tip speed ratio. Turbines with low tip speed ratio such as the Savonius wind turbine can generate adequate amount of torque at low wind velocities. These types of turbines are also called drag machines. The geometry of the blade can greatly influence the efficiency of the device. With Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, several optimizations can be done before the production. In our paper the Savonius wind turbine blade geometry was designed based on the so-called Myring equation. The primary objective of this paper was to investigate the drag coefficient of the force acting on the surface of the blade. Also, the Karman vortex was investigated and the space ratio of that vortex in our simulation was compared to a typical one. The power coefficient of a new Savonius turbine was investigated at different values of top speed ratio (TSR). For the sake of simplicity, a 2D cross-sectional area was investigated in the simulation with ANSYS Fluent 19.2.
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Butt, Abdul Hadi, Bilal Akbar, Jawad Aslam, et al. "Development of a Linear Acoustic Array for Aero-Acoustic Quantification of Camber-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." Sensors 20, no. 20 (2020): 5954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205954.
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Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are a source of renewable energy and are used for both industrial and domestic purposes. The study of noise characteristics of a VAWT is an important performance parameter for the turbine. This study focuses on the development of a linear microphone array and measuring acoustic signals on a cambered five-bladed 45 W VAWT in an anechoic chamber at different tip speed ratios. The sound pressure level spectrum of VAWT shows that tonal noises such as blade passing frequencies dominate at lower frequencies whereas broadband noise corresponds to all audible ranges of frequencies. This study shows that the major portion of noise from the source is dominated by aerodynamic noises generated due to vortex generation and trailing edge serrations. The research also predicts that dynamic stall is evident in the lower Tip speed ratio (TSR) region making smaller TSR values unsuitable for a quiet VAWT. This paper compares the results of linear aeroacoustic array with a 128-MEMS acoustic camera with higher resolution. The study depicts a 3 dB margin between two systems at lower TSR values. The research approves the usage of the 8 mic linear array for small radius rotary machinery considering the results comparison with a NORSONIC camera and its resolution. These observations serve as a basis for noise reduction and blade optimization techniques.
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Ribnitzky, Daniel, Frederik Berger, and Martin Kühn. "Innovative aerodynamic rotor concept for demand-oriented power feed-in of offshore wind turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, no. 3 (2022): 032017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032017.
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Abstract We introduce an aerodynamic rotor concept for a 15 MW offshore wind turbine which is tailored for an increased power feed-in at low wind speeds. The main objective of the conceptual design is to limit the stationary loads (blade flapwise root bending moment (RBM) and thrust) to the maximum value of the IEA 15 MW offshore reference turbine, while greatly increasing the swept rotor aera. The outer part of the blade (e.g. outer 30% of the rotor) is designed for a higher design tip speed ratio (TSR) and a lower axial induction than the inner part. By operating at the high TSR in light winds, the slender outer part fully contributes to the increased power capture. In stronger winds the TSR is reduced and the torque generation is shifted to the inner section of the rotor. Moreover, the blade is designed in a way that makes the limitation of the flapwise RBM through peak shaving aerodynamically more efficient. With static blade element momentum simulations the characteristics of the rotor are investigated and the economic revenue of the turbine is estimated, considering a wind speed dependent feed-in price. Our results show that the revenue can be increased by 30% compared to the reference turbine with an increase of rotor diameter by 36%.
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Tira, Hendry Sakke, and Muhammad Ponco Zulfikar. "DESIGN OF TAPERED WIND TURBINE USING VARIOUS NACA 24112 AIRFOILS IN SEMAYAN VILLAGE CENTRAL LOMBOK REGENCY." Machine : Jurnal Teknik Mesin 10, no. 2 (2024): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jm.v10i2.4704.
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This research focuses on designing and optimizing a tapered wind turbine employing NACA 24112 airfoils, specifically tailored for Semayan Village in Central Lombok West Nusa Tenggara province. Given the escalating global energy demand and the depletion of fossil fuels, the study aims to explore alternative energy solutions. The chosen horizontal axis turbine, equipped with an increased number of blades, seeks to maximize the power coefficient and overall efficiency. The NACA airfoil model, coupled with Q-Blade v0.963 software, was employed for simulations after conducting wind speed measurements in Semayan Village. The collected data indicated moderate wind speeds, aligning with the selection of the Taper blade design. The blade design process involved comprehensive system efficiency calculations and twist angle optimizations to enhance overall turbine performance and extend its lifespan. Rotor simulations revealed a noteworthy peak in the power coefficient (Cp), reaching 45% at Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) 7, indicating an optimal point for power generation. However, the study emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate TSR, as efficiency diminishes at higher TSR values. This research highlights the potential of wind energy as a viable and sustainable solution, particularly for regions with limited access to electricity. It advocates for the broader adoption of renewable energy sources to address the evolving energy landscape.
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Olayemi, O. A., T. F. Ajide, A. Jinadu, et al. "Analysis of a 2-Bladed NACA 0018 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." E3S Web of Conferences 591 (2024): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459102005.
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Renewable energy has provided a stable electricity supply with a guaranteed reduction in CO2 production. There are various types of renewable energy, but wind energy appears to be the least expensive option compared to other renewable energy sources. The current study involves the performance investigation of an H Darrius wind turbine in Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. Using Ilorin wind data obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET), a 2-dimensional CFD analysis was performed on a two- bladed NACA 0018 airfoil profile with the aid of Ansys (Fluent) to unravel the implications of tip-speed ratio(TSR) and azimuthal increments on the instantaneous moment and power coefficients. The study shows that the accuracy of the results depends on the azimuthal increment used. An acceptable azimuthal increment is required for a low TSR, while an increment of 0.5 is a good choice for a high TSR, and the maximum power coefficient was obtained at a TSR of 4.5.
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Kurniawan, Muhammad Helmi, Khusnul Khotimah Ayuningtiyas, and Ridho Dwi Syahrial. "Experimental study of a breastshot waterwheel with the degree of inclination of the nozzle spray against the tip speed ratio." International Journal of Basic and Applied Science 11, no. 4 (2023): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/ijobas.v11i4.139.
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The energy crisis is a severe problem facing the world, including Indonesia. Along with the times, innovation is needed to implement sustainable energy. Non-fossil energy sources have not been widely used, and efforts are still needed to utilize these energy sources. The waterwheel was the first device used in water production. One of the innovations for the sustainability of non-fossil energy is to make a waterwheel. There are still several waterwheels in Indonesia, but an investigation is needed to determine their condition. So in this study, investigating the breastshot water wheel uses a nozzle-based construction with variations in the degree of inclination of the spray against the TSR value. The results showed that the greater the inclination of the nozzle angle, the higher the velocity of the water flow when it enters the wheel. Adding water speed to this wheel will increase the momentum and tangential force. An increase in the tangential force will increase the wheel's torque so that the wheel strength will increase. This increase in power will, of course, result in greater efficiency, thereby increasing the tip speed ratio (TSR).
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Priyam, Deka. "Influence of Design Parameters on the Performance of Savonius Wind Turbine." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 4 (2022): 121–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6471838.
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In this era of technological advancement, the demand for energy requirements is increasing globally. With a limited stock of fossil fuels and the pollution issue related to the burning of these fuels, the world needs to find an alternative of it, which must be cleaner and greener. This is where wind energy comes in and plays a vital role as it is a clean source and has a very promising future in the global energy sector. Savonius turbine is a type of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) which is predominantly rotated by the drag force from the wind. It is self starting and can extract wind energy from low wind speeds and is very practical to install it in crowded places due to its compact geometry. This thesis is a review of the previous works presented by different authors. This project aims at discovering the influence of various design and performance parameters (aspect ratio, overlap ratio, tip speed ratio, blade shape, number of rotor blades and number of stages), turbulence models and turbine geometries on the performance of Savonius vertical axis wind turbine. A conventional Savonius vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with aspect ratio of 1, overlap ratio of 0.15 and TSR of 0.8 shows the maximum coefficient of power (CP) The performance of conventional rotors can be enhanced by use of helical rotors; multi- staging and other modified blade geometries. Helical rotors with blade twist angle of 900 are better performing rotors than the conventional rotors. Modified Bach type rotor with a blade arc angle of 1350 , aspect ratio of 1.1, overlap ratio of 0.1 and at tip speed ratio (TSR)= 0.8 show the maximum coefficient of power (CP) of 0.30. The results of numerical analyses were compared with that of the experimental data and it is found that for 2-D numerical analyses, realizable k-ɛ turbulence model shows better accuracy of estimation and for 3-D analyses, SST k- ω turbulence model shows better agreement with the experimental data.
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Abutunis, Abdulaziz, and Venkata Gireesh Menta. "Comprehensive Parametric Study of Blockage Effect on the Performance of Horizontal Axis Hydrokinetic Turbines." Energies 15, no. 7 (2022): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072585.
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When a hydrokinetic turbine operates in a confined flow, blockage effects are introduced, altering the flow at and downstream of the rotor. Blockage effects have a significant effect on the loading and performance of turbines. As a result, understanding them is critical for hydrokinetic turbine design and performance prediction. The current study examines the main and interaction effects of solidity (σ), tip speed ratio (TSR), blockage ratio (ε), and pitch angle (θ) on how the blockage influences the performance (CP) of a three-bladed, untwisted, untapered horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine. The investigation is based on validated 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD), design of experiments (DOE), and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) approaches. A total number of 36 CFD models were developed and meshed. A total of 108 CFD cases were performed as part of the analysis. Results indicated that the effect of varying θ was only noticeable at the high TSR. Additionally, the rate of increment of CP with respect to ε was found proportional to both TSR and σ. The power and thrust coefficients were affected the most by σ, followed by ε, TSR, and then θ.
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Vivas, Larisa, Francesco Papi, Vasilis Papatsiros, Olivier Maudhuit, and Alessandro Bianchini. "Development of a novel method for the correction of the nacelle wind speed in stall-controlled wind turbines." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 3 (2024): 032008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/3/032008.
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Abstract Accurate estimation of the oncoming wind is key to ensure an accurate control of any wind turbine. The wind speed is commonly measured with an anemometer located on the nacelle; hence, the measurement is influenced by the rotor and the nacelle itself and needs to be corrected so as not to incur inaccurate energy yield assessments. This study introduces an innovative method for correcting the nacelle wind speed in stall-controlled wind turbines. The development of the method has benefitted from the unique possibility of exploiting two datasets containing 10-minute averaged wind data from two identical EUNICE EW16 wind turbines and a meteorological mast located at the same site. The innovative method is systematically compared with the Nacelle Transfer Function outlined in the IEC 61400-12-2, serving as a benchmark for evaluation. The high accuracy and simplicity of the proposed method make it particularly suitable for the optimization of wind turbine performance in industrial applications. Moreover, an accurate estimation of the incoming wind speed can enable innovative control techniques, such as those based on Tip-Speed-Ratio (TSR) tracking. This is addressed in the study through simulations by comparing a TSR-Tracking strategy with the most common k-ω2 strategy. The study demonstrated that the TSR-Tracking strategy could be adopted in stall-controlled wind turbines if an accurate estimation of the free-stream wind speed is available.
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Wu, Yu-Ting, Chang-Yu Lin, and Che-Ming Hsu. "An Experimental Investigation of Wake Characteristics and Power Generation Efficiency of a Small Wind Turbine under Different Tip Speed Ratios." Energies 13, no. 8 (2020): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082113.
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We carried out a wind tunnel experiment to examine the power generation efficiency of a stand-alone miniature wind turbine and its wake characteristics at different tip speed ratios (TSRs) under the same mean inflow velocity. Resistors in the electrical circuit were adjusted to control the TSRs to 0.9, 1.5, 3.0, 4.1, 5.2, and 5.9. The currents were measured to estimate the turbine power outputs versus the TSRs and then establish the actual power generation coefficient Cp distribution. To calculate the mechanical power coefficient, a new estimation method of the mechanical torque constant is proposed. A reverse calibration on the blade rotation speed was performed with given electrical voltages and currents that are used to estimate the mechanical power coefficient Cp, mech. In the experiment, the maximum Cp,mech was approximately 0.358 (corresponding to the maximum Cp of 0.212) at the TSR of 4.1. Significant findings indicate that the turbine at the TSR of 5.2 produces a smaller torque but a larger power output compared with that at the TSR of 3.0. This comparison further displays that the turbine at the TSR of 5.2, even with larger power output, still produces a turbine wake that has smaller velocity deficits and smaller turbulence intensity than that at the TSR of 3.0. This behavior demonstrates the significance of the blade-rotation control (i.e., pitch regulation) system to the turbine operation in a large wind farm for raising the overall farm power productivity.
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Hao, Wenxing, Abdulshakur Abdi, Guobiao Wang, and Fuzhong Wu. "Study on the Pitch Angle Effect on the Power Coefficient and Blade Fatigue Load of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." Energies 16, no. 21 (2023): 7279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16217279.
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For vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs), the increase of the incoming wind speed higher than the rated value will make the tip speed ratio (TSR) lower and lower, resulting in the blade fatigue load becoming more and more severe and the power coefficient weakening gradually. This paper explores whether varying the pitch with the TSR decrease is necessary for improving the power coefficient and reducing the fatigue load. Specifically, the pitch angle effect on the power coefficient and fatigue load of a VAWT at different TSRs was studied by the computational fluid dynamics method. The results show that the optimal pitch angle in terms of the power coefficient varies with the TSR, which means that varying the pitch with the TSR decrease can improve the power coefficient. Meanwhile, the principle to guide the pitch variation is to avoid flow separation in the downwind zone and minimize the angles of attack (AoAs) in the upwind zone. At the lowest TSR of 1.7 in the present work, varying the pitch from the optimal one in terms of the power coefficient reduced the blade normal force amplitude significantly, which is mainly attributed to avoiding the vortex–blade encounter and minimizing the AoAs in the downwind zone. The vortex–blade encounter at the lowest TSR is an important phenomenon related to the variation of the blade torque and blade normal force and will weaken and disappear with the pitch angle increase.
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Younoussi, Somaya, and Abdeslem Ettaouil. "Numerical Study of a Small Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Aerodynamics Operating at Low Wind Speed." Fluids 8, no. 7 (2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8070192.
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The present work aims to study the aerodynamic characteristics of a newly designed three-bladed horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) using the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method. The blade geometry is designed using an improved Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method to be similar in size to the Ampair300 wind turbine. The shear stress transport (SST) transition turbulence model closure is utilized to solve the steady state three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The Ansys Fluent CFD solver is used to solve the problem. Then, a comparison between the two turbines’ operating conditions is conducted by monitoring the pressure coefficient, pressure contours and velocity vectors at five different radial positions. The analysis of the Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) effects on the turbine efficiency and on the flow behavior on the blade and in the near wake is carried out. For 8 m/s wind speed, the optimum pitch angle is also investigated, and the results are prepared against each TSR.
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Corbalán, Patricio A., and Luciano E. Chiang. "Fast Power Coefficient vs. Tip–Speed Ratio Curves for Small Wind Turbines with Single-Variable Measurements following a Single Test Run." Energies 17, no. 5 (2024): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17051199.
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Small wind turbines (SWTs) face tremendous challenges in being developed into a more reliable and widespread energy solution, with a number of efficiency, reliability, and cost issues that are yet to be resolved. As part of the development stages of an SWT, testing the resulting efficiency and determining appropriate working ranges are of high importance. In this paper, a methodology is presented for testing SWTs to obtain characteristic performance curves such as Cp (power coefficient) vs. TSR (tip–speed ratio), and torque vs. ω, in a simpler and faster yet accurate manner as an alternative energy solution when a wind tunnel is not available. The performance curves are obtained with the SWT mounted on a platform moving along a runway, requiring only a few minutes of data acquisition. Furthermore, it is only required to measure a single variable, i.e., the generator output voltage. A suitable physics-based mathematical model for the system allows for deriving the desired performance curves from this set of minimal data. The methodology was demonstrated by testing a prototype SWT developed by the authors. The tested prototype had a permanent magnet synchronous generator, but the methodology can be applied to any type of generator with a suitable mathematical model. Given its level of simplicity, accuracy, low cost, and ease of implementation, the proposed testing method has advantages that are helpful in the development process of SWTs, especially if access to a proper wind tunnel is prevented for any reason. To validate the methodology, Cp vs. TSR curves were obtained for an SWT prototype tested under different test conditions, arriving always at the same curve as would be expected. In this case, the test prototype reached a maximum power coefficient (Cp) of 0.35 for wind velocities from 20 to 50 km/h for a TSR of 5.5.