Academic literature on the topic 'Tsunami'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tsunami"
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Elbanna, Ahmed, Mohamed Abdelmeguid, Xiao Ma, Faisal Amlani, Harsha S. Bhat, Costas Synolakis, and Ares J. Rosakis. "Anatomy of strike-slip fault tsunami genesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 19 (May 3, 2021): e2025632118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025632118.
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Tsunami generation from earthquake-induced seafloor deformations has long been recognized as a major hazard to coastal areas. Strike-slip faulting has generally been considered insufficient for triggering large tsunamis, except through the generation of submarine landslides. Herein, we demonstrate that ground motions due to strike-slip earthquakes can contribute to the generation of large tsunamis (>1 m), under rather generic conditions. To this end, we developed a computational framework that integrates models for earthquake rupture dynamics with models of tsunami generation and propagation. The three-dimensional time-dependent vertical and horizontal ground motions from spontaneous dynamic rupture models are used to drive boundary motions in the tsunami model. Our results suggest that supershear ruptures propagating along strike-slip faults, traversing narrow and shallow bays, are prime candidates for tsunami generation. We show that dynamic focusing and the large horizontal displacements, characteristic of strike-slip earthquakes on long faults, are critical drivers for the tsunami hazard. These findings point to intrinsic mechanisms for sizable tsunami generation by strike-slip faulting, which do not require complex seismic sources, landslides, or complicated bathymetry. Furthermore, our model identifies three distinct phases in the tsunamic motion, an instantaneous dynamic phase, a lagging coseismic phase, and a postseismic phase, each of which may affect coastal areas differently. We conclude that near-source tsunami hazards and risk from strike-slip faulting need to be re-evaluated.
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Lahcene, Elisa, Ioanna Ioannou, Anawat Suppasri, Kwanchai Pakoksung, Ryan Paulik, Syamsidik Syamsidik, Frederic Bouchette, and Fumihiko Imamura. "Characteristics of building fragility curves for seismic and non-seismic tsunamis: case studies of the 2018 Sunda Strait, 2018 Sulawesi–Palu, and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 2313–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2313-2021.
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Abstract. Indonesia has experienced several tsunamis triggered by seismic and non-seismic (i.e., landslides) sources. These events damaged or destroyed coastal buildings and infrastructure and caused considerable loss of life. Based on the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) guidelines, this study assesses the empirical tsunami fragility to the buildings inventory of the 2018 Sunda Strait, 2018 Sulawesi–Palu, and 2004 Indian Ocean (Khao Lak–Phuket, Thailand) tsunamis. Fragility curves represent the impact of tsunami characteristics on structural components and express the likelihood of a structure reaching or exceeding a damage state in response to a tsunami intensity measure. The Sunda Strait and Sulawesi–Palu tsunamis are uncommon events still poorly understood compared to the Indian Ocean tsunami (IOT), and their post-tsunami databases include only flow depth values. Using the TUNAMI two-layer model, we thus reproduce the flow depth, the flow velocity, and the hydrodynamic force of these two tsunamis for the first time. The flow depth is found to be the best descriptor of tsunami damage for both events. Accordingly, the building fragility curves for complete damage reveal that (i) in Khao Lak–Phuket, the buildings affected by the IOT sustained more damage than the Sunda Strait tsunami, characterized by shorter wave periods, and (ii) the buildings performed better in Khao Lak–Phuket than in Banda Aceh (Indonesia). Although the IOT affected both locations, ground motions were recorded in the city of Banda Aceh, and buildings could have been seismically damaged prior to the tsunami's arrival, and (iii) the buildings of Palu City exposed to the Sulawesi–Palu tsunami were more susceptible to complete damage than the ones affected by the IOT, in Banda Aceh, between 0 and 2 m flow depth. Similar to the Banda Aceh case, the Sulawesi–Palu tsunami load may not be the only cause of structural destruction. The buildings' susceptibility to tsunami damage in the waterfront of Palu City could have been enhanced by liquefaction events triggered by the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake.
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Dermadi, Yedi, and Yoanes Bandung. "Tsunami Impact Prediction System Based on TsunAWI Inundation Data." Journal of ICT Research and Applications 15, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/itbj.ict.res.appl.2021.15.1.2.
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It is very important for tsunami early warning systems to provide inundation predictions within a short period of time. Inundation is one of the factors that directly cause destruction and damage from tsunamis. This research proposes a tsunami impact prediction system based on inundation data analysis. The inundation data used in this analysis were obtained from the tsunami modeling called TsunAWI. The inundation data analysis refers to the coastal forecast zones for each city/regency that are currently used in the Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS). The data analysis process comprises data collection, data transformation, data analysis (through GIS analysis, predictive analysis, and simple statistical analysis), and data integration, ultimately producing a pre-calculated inundation database for inundation prediction and tsunami impact prediction. As the outcome, the tsunami impact prediction system provides estimations of the flow depth and inundation distance for each city/regency incorporated into generated tsunami warning bulletins and impact predictions based on the Integrated Tsunami Intensity Scale (ITIS-2012). In addition, the system provides automatic sea level anomaly detection from tide gauge sensors by applying a tsunami detection algorithm. Finally, the contribution of this research is expected to bring enhancements to the tsunami warning products of InaTEWS.
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Mohamed E.,, Syed, and Pon Selvam C. "Computational Analysis of Tsunami Wave Behaviour for Three Historical Tsunami Events using T-Impulse Model." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 19 (December 31, 2023): 1357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.122.
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Natural catastrophes pose a serious threat to both human life and the environment because they are unpredictable. One of the most devastating natural disasters is a tsunami, and forecasting models are essential to preventing catastrophic damage to the environment and people along the coast. In the Impulse model, the generation of a tsunami depends on the impulse force generated during the event. Understanding tsunamis begins with simulating the tsunami generation process. This process involves simulating both the motion of the seafloor and the subsequent motion of the water above for tsunamis caused by underwater earthquakes. This modeling strategy can mimic all three stages of a tsunami: generation, propagation, and run-up. Three separate earthquake tsunami events—the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the 2004 Sumatra earthquake are each investigated in this research. To demonstrate its relevance to current events and various ocean locations, the results of these events are compared and confirmed with the observed data. Analyzing the parameters used in this modeling study and identifying the parameter that has the most influence will demonstrate their significance in tsunami generation. The seabed displacement profile, seawater deformation, changes in tsunami characteristics during propagation, the tsunami’s travel time, earliest arrival time, the tsunami wave height at the coast, and inundation distance are the anticipated findings from this study. The major objective of this study is to obtain the maximum and most accurate result possible using the fewest parameters possible.
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Winckler, Patricio, Ignacio Sepúlveda, Felipe Aron, and Manuel Contreras-López. "TIDE-TSUNAMI INTERACTION IN A HIGHLY ENERGETIC CHANNEL. A CASE STUDY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.83.
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Tsunami–tide interaction can be assessed using different approaches with increasing levels of complexity. The simplest is to compute the sea level through a linear superposition of the tide and the tsunami computed independently (composite model). Recent studies have found that composite models provide inaccurate results in shallow waters (e.g. Kowalik et al, 2010). A more realistic analysis is achieved by computing the tsunami and the tide together (full model). This approach is appropriate where nonlinear effects may be important due to strong tides or shallow bathymetries. This work is intended to improve the physical understanding of tide-tsunami interaction in Canal Chacao, a highly energetic channel sited in Chile. This channel is dominated by currents of up to 6 [m/s] during spring tide and is located in a region prone to tsunamis. The fundamental question is to assess under which conditions tides and tsunamis can be linearly superposed and in which they interact nonlinearly, thus enhancing or reducing the surface elevation and associated currents.
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Cheng, An-Chi, Anawat Suppasri, Kwanchai Pakoksung, and Fumihiko Imamura. "Characteristics of consecutive tsunamis and resulting tsunami behaviors in southern Taiwan induced by the Hengchun earthquake doublet on 26 December 2006." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 447–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-447-2023.
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Abstract. Consecutive ML 7.0 submarine earthquakes occurred offshore of the Hengchun Peninsula, Taiwan, on 26 December 2006. A small tsunami was generated and recorded at tide gauge stations. This important event attracted public interest, as it was generated by an earthquake doublet and produced a tsunami risk for Taiwan. This study analyzed tide gauge tsunami waveforms and numerical simulations to understand the source characteristics and resulting behaviors of tsunamis. The maximum wave heights at the three nearest stations were 0.08 m (Kaohsiung), 0.12 m (Dongkung), and 0.3 m (Houbihu), and only Houbihu recorded the first wave crest as the largest. The tsunami duration was 3.9 h at Dongkung and over 6 h at Kaohsiung and Houbihu. Spectral analyses detected dominant periodic components of spectral peaks on the tsunami waveforms. The period band from 13.6–23.1 min was identified as the tsunami source spectrum, and the approximate fault area for the consecutive tsunamis was estimated to be 800 km2, with central fault depths of 20 km (first earthquake, Mw 7.0) and 33 km (second earthquake, Mw 6.9). The focal mechanisms of the first earthquake, with a strike of 319∘, dip of 69∘, and rake of −102∘, and the second earthquake, with a strike of 151∘, dip of 48∘, and rake of 0∘, could successfully reproduce the observed tsunami waveforms. Numerical simulations suggested that the tsunami waves were coastally trapped on the south coast of Taiwan during the tsunami's passage. The trapped waves propagated along the coast as edge waves, which repeatedly reflected and refracted among the shelves, interfered with incoming incident wave, and resonated with the fundamental modes of the shelves, amplifying and continuing the tsunami wave oscillation. These results elucidated the generation and consequential behaviors of the 2006 tsunami in southern Taiwan, contributing essential information for tsunami warning and coastal emergency response in Taiwan to reduce disaster risk.
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Song, Min-Jong, and Yong-Sik Cho. "Modeling Maximum Tsunami Heights Using Bayesian Neural Networks." Atmosphere 11, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111266.
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Tsunamis are distinguished from ordinary waves and currents owing to their characteristic longer wavelengths. Although the occurrence frequency of tsunamis is low, it can contribute to the loss of a large number of human lives as well as property damage. To date, tsunami research has concentrated on developing numerical models to predict tsunami heights and run-up heights with improved accuracy because hydraulic experiments are associated with high costs for laboratory installation and maintenance. Recently, artificial intelligence has been developed and has revealed outstanding performance in science and engineering fields. In this study, we estimated the maximum tsunami heights for virtual tsunamis. Tsunami numerical simulation was performed to obtain tsunami height profiles for historical tsunamis and virtual tsunamis. Subsequently, Bayesian neural networks were employed to predict maximum tsunami heights for virtual tsunamis.
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Fan, Tingting, Yuchen Wang, Zhiguo Xu, Lining Sun, Peitao Wang, and Jingming Hou. "A Review of Historical Volcanic Tsunamis: A New Scheme for a Volcanic Tsunami Monitoring System." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2024): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020278.
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Tsunami monitoring and early warning systems are mainly established to deal with seismogenic tsunamis generated by sudden seafloor fault displacement. However, a global tsunami triggered by the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption promoted the need for tsunami early warning and hazard mitigation of non-seismogenic tsunamis in coastal countries. This paper studied the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of historical volcanic tsunamis and summarized high-risk areas of volcanic tsunamis. The circum southwestern Pacific volcanic zone, including the Sunda volcanic belt and the Indo-Australian plate, is a concentrated area of active volcanoes and major volcanic tsunamis. In addition, the challenges associated with adapting seismogenic tsunami techniques for use in the context of volcanic tsunamis were elucidated. At the same time, based on historical records and post-disaster surveys, typical historical volcanic tsunami events and involved mechanisms were summarized. The results show that a majority of volcanic tsunamis may involve multiple generation mechanisms, and some mechanisms show geographical distribution characteristics. The complexity of volcanic tsunami mechanisms poses challenges to tsunami early warning by measuring tsunami sources to evaluate the possible extent of impact, or using numerical modeling to simulate the process of a tsunami. Therefore, a concise overview of the lessons learned and the current status of early warning systems for volcanic tsunamis was provided. Finally, a conceptual scheme of monitoring systems for volcanic tsunamis based on historical volcanoes, real-time volcanic eruption information and sea level data, as well as remote sensing images, was presented.
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Ibtihaj, I., M. R. Septyandy, and S. Supriyanto. "Indonesia paleotsunami database: Concept and design." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012019.
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Abstract Indonesia’s tectonic conditions are one of the regions in the world with the most active tectonic activity. As a result of these conditions, Indonesia is prone to earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis are the most violent movements of ocean waves. The mechanism for tsunamis formation is through processes that generate shock waves, such as underwater earthquakes, underwater landslides, volcanic activity, and asteroid impacts. Indonesia has experienced a series of tsunami events that have caused thousands of casualties. Tsunami events are not fully recorded in human historical records. Unrecorded tsunami or paleotsunami events can be studied through the characteristics of paleotsunami deposits or related archaeological information about tsunamis. Knowing the history of tsunami events is essential to understand tsunamis frequency and intensity in the present. This study aims to conceptualize and design a historical database of tsunami occurrences in Indonesia. The database will be based on WebGIS. Tsunami event data is sourced from literature related to tsunami events, such as published books, journals, reports, final projects, and others. The results of database processing are 326 data on tsunami events in Indonesia. The WebGIS is an update for tsunami information media in Indonesia to be more comprehensive and informative.
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Ibtihaj, I., M. R. Septyandy, and S. Supriyanto. "Indonesia paleotsunami database: Concept and design." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012019.
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Abstract Indonesia’s tectonic conditions are one of the regions in the world with the most active tectonic activity. As a result of these conditions, Indonesia is prone to earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Tsunamis are the most violent movements of ocean waves. The mechanism for tsunamis formation is through processes that generate shock waves, such as underwater earthquakes, underwater landslides, volcanic activity, and asteroid impacts. Indonesia has experienced a series of tsunami events that have caused thousands of casualties. Tsunami events are not fully recorded in human historical records. Unrecorded tsunami or paleotsunami events can be studied through the characteristics of paleotsunami deposits or related archaeological information about tsunamis. Knowing the history of tsunami events is essential to understand tsunamis frequency and intensity in the present. This study aims to conceptualize and design a historical database of tsunami occurrences in Indonesia. The database will be based on WebGIS. Tsunami event data is sourced from literature related to tsunami events, such as published books, journals, reports, final projects, and others. The results of database processing are 326 data on tsunami events in Indonesia. The WebGIS is an update for tsunami information media in Indonesia to be more comprehensive and informative.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tsunami"
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Stefanakis, Themistoklis. "Tsunami amplification phenomena." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920527.
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This thesis is divided in four parts. In the first one I will present our work on long wave run-up and some resonant amplification phenomena. With the use of numerical simulations for the nonlinear shallow water equations, we show that in the case of monochromatic waves normally incident on a plane beach, resonant run-up amplification occurs when the incoming wavelength is 5.2 times larger the beach length. We also show that this resonant run-up amplification can be observed for several wave profiles such as bichromatic, polychromatic and cnoidal. However, resonant run-up amplification is not restricted to infinitely sloping beaches. We varied the bathymetric profile, and we saw that resonance is present in the case of piecewise linear and real bathymetries. In the second part I will present a new analytical solution to study the propagation of tsunamis from a finite strip source over constant depth using linear shallow-water wave theory. The solution, which is based on separation of variables and a double Fourier transform in space, is exact, easy to implement and allows the study of realistic waveforms such as N-waves. In the third part I will explore the effect of localized bathymetric features on long wave generation. Even when the final displacement is known from seismic analysis, the deforming seafloor includes relief features such as mounts and trenches. We investigate analytically the effect of bathymetry on the surface wave generation, by solving the forced linear shallow water equation. Our model for bathymetry consists of a cylindrical sill on a flat bottom, to help understand the effect of seamounts on tsunami generation. We derive the same solution by applying both the Laplace and the Fourier transforms in time. We find that as the sill height increases, partial wave trapping reduces the wave height in the far field, while amplifying it above the sill. Finally, in the last part I will try to explore whether small islands can protect nearby coasts from tsunamis as it is widely believed by local communities. Recent findings for the 2010 Mentawai Islands tsunami show amplified run-up on coastal areas behind small islands, compared with the run-up on adjacent locations, not influenced by the presence of the islands. We will investigate the conditions for this run-up amplification by numerically solving the nonlinear shallow water equations. Our bathymetric setup consists of a conical island sitting on a flat bed in front of a plane beach and we send normally incident single waves. The experimental setup is governed by five physical parameters. The objective is twofold: Find the maximum run-up amplification with the least number of simulations. Given that our input space is five-dimensional and a normal grid approach would be prohibitively computationally expensive, we present a recently developed active experimental design strategy, based on Gaussian Processes, which significantly reduces the computational cost. After running two hundred simulations, we find that in none of the cases considered the island did offer protection to the coastal area behind it. On the contrary, we have measured run-up amplification on the beach behind it compared to a lateral location on the beach, not directly affected by the presence of the island, which reached a maximum factor of 1.7. Thus, small islands in the vicinity of the mainland will act as amplifiers of long wave severity at the region directly behind them and not as natural barriers as it was commonly believed so far.
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Jackson, Kelly London. "Paleotsunami History Recorded in Holocene Coastal Lagoon Sediments, Southeastern Sri Lanka." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/171.
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Tsunamis are low amplitude, large wavelength waves that can significantly impact coastal regions. Although their destructive impacts are clear from recent events, the frequency with which tsunamis occur is less well constrained. To better understand the tsunami history and coastal impacts in Sri Lanka, this study compares sediments deposited by the December 26, 2004, tsunami to older lagoon sediments in search of evidence for paleotsunami deposits. Results from this study illustrate that the coastal lagoons in Sri Lanka preserve tsunami deposits and can provide the first steps towards constraining the paleotsunami history of the Indian Ocean. Because Sri Lanka is a far field location relative to the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone, the preserved tsunami deposits are likely mega-tsunami events similar in size and destruction to the December 26, 2004, tsunami. The December 26, 2004, M 9.1?9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake generated a massive tsunami that propagated throughout the Indian Ocean, causing extreme coastal inundation and destruction. The southeastern coastline of Sri Lanka was impacted by the 2004 tsunami where between one and three waves inundated coastal villages, lagoons, and lowlands, killing more than 35,000 people. Karagan Lagoon, located on the southeastern coast of Sri Lanka, was impacted by two waves from this tsunami. Although the lagoon commonly is dominated by organic-rich, siliciclastic clays, silts, and fine sands, the 2004 tsunami deposited a distinct layer of coarse quartz-dominated sand between 1 and 22 cm thick. The base of the 2004 deposit is sharp and erosional and some layers feature faint subparallel laminations. The 2004 tsunami deposit is generally continuous, fines landward, and is confined to the eastern portion of Karagan Lagoon, in the direction from which the tsunami arrived. Sri Lankan lore, in conjunction with reconstructed historical earthquake data, suggests that other tsunamis likely affected Sri Lanka in the past. To test this, twenty-two 1?4 m sediment cores were collected from Karagan Lagoon, providing key information for unraveling the pre-2004 tsunami history of southeastern Sri Lanka. At depth, sixteen cores from Karagan Lagoon contain as many as ten distinct sand layers, including the deposit from the 2004 tsunami. These cores feature siliciclastic clays, silts, and fine sands that dominate the background lagoonal sedimentation that are punctuated by coarse sand layers. These sand-rich layers feature sharp, erosional bases, coarsen and fine upwards, vary in thickness from 1 to 22 cm, and include varying percentages of fine to very coarse sand, with a low-abundance of silt and clay. In the best constrained interval, three coarse sand layers include composition, grain size, grading, and sedimentary structures similar to the sediments deposited by the December 26, 2004, tsunami. The layers are identified in five of the twenty-two cores, although the thicknesses vary. Six additional less well constrained sand layers are present in four of the twenty-two cores. Cores located closer to the lagoon mouth and the eastern coastline (the direction from which the 2004 tsunami arrived) contain more sand layers than cores farther away from the tsunami wave entry point. On the basis of their sedimentary structures, geometry, and extent, these sandy layers are interpreted to represent paleotsunami deposits. AMS radiocarbon dating was used to date the bulk organic sediment from above, between, and below the ten paleotsunami layers in sediment cores from Karagan Lagoon to constrain the timing of events in southeastern Sri Lanka. Material from within the deposit was not dated because it was likely transported from various sources during the event and thus does not represent the age of the tsunami. AMS radiocarbon dates from above and below the paleotsunami layers were calibrated from radiocarbon years before present to calendar years before present (Cal YBP) using OxCal v. 4.0 (Bronk Ramsey, 1995; Bronk Ramsey, 2001) with calibration curve IntCal04 (Reimer et al., 2004). The constraining time intervals of tsunami deposits II?VI were averaged to yield deposits of ages 226, 1641, 4198, 4457, 4924 Cal YBP. Tsunamis VII?X only had sediment dated immediately below the deposit and therefore were deposited prior to 6249, 6455, 6665, and 6840 Cal YBP. In total, ten tsunami deposits, including the 2004 event, are preserved in Karagan Lagoon on the southeastern coast of Sri Lanka. The Karagan Lagoon paleotsunami deposits provide constraints on the recurrence interval of tsunamis similar in magnitude to the 2004 event. The uppermost paleotsunami units were deposited 226, 1641, 4198, 4457, and 4924 Cal YBP, based on AMS radiocarbon dating. Thus, including the 2004 event, six tsunamis affected Karagan Lagoon in the past 5500 years, yielding a recurrence interval of approximately 916 years. Three of the six events, however, occur between ~4000 and 5500 years yielding a recurrence interval of approximately 500 years for this 1500 year period. Four additional older paleotsunami deposits occur in the deeper sections of the cores and were deposited prior to 6249, 6455, 6665, and 6840 Cal YBP, yielding a recurrence interval of approximately 200 years for this time period. Assuming that Karagan Lagoon contains a complete record of tsunami events, the recurrence of tsunamis similar in magnitude to the December 26, 2004, event can occur as often as 200 years. This ?recurrence interval? is illustrated by our data for the time period with increased tsunami activity from ~4000 to 7000 Cal YBP. Tsunamis may potentially affect Sri Lanka at relatively high frequency during certain time intervals though the overall recurrence pattern of these events displays a highly irregular distribution. This extreme variability needs to be taken into consideration when such events are related to earthquake recurrence intervals. Prior to the December 26, 2004, tsunami, paleotsunami deposits in the Indian Ocean were largely unstudied and consequently, Holocene tsunami chronology was incompletely understood for the Indian Ocean. The results from this study represents the first geologic evidence of paleotsunami deposits in Sri Lanka generated by tsunamis during the past 7000 years. The identification of these paleotsunami deposits illustrates that the 2004 tsunami was not a ?one-time event,? but in fact has ancient counterparts.
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DuBois, Jennifer Faith. "Spatial and Temporal Changes in Tsunami Risk Perception in Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1440.
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Risk perception for rare, low-probability hazards, such as tsunamis, tends to be low due to individual's unfamiliarity with them and the tendency to see them as synonymous with non-occurrence events. Visitors to an area tend to have even lower risk perception and knowledge of hazards, warning systems and appropriate actions to take during an event. Risk perception, however, can increase, if only temporarily, after a catastrophic event, such as the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. To determine the changes in resident's knowledge and perception and the differences between those of residents and visitors two surveys were conducted. In the first survey interview style surveying was conducted at eleven locations in the coastal Christchurch and Banks Peninsula area of the Canterbury Region The questionnaire was composed of scaled, open, and closed ended questions and the main themes included knowledge of risk, preparation and warnings, what to do during a tsunami, and changes since the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. The second survey of five coastal communities was conducted via a postal questionnaire and was aimed at obtaining residential views. Survey data was then analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software. The residential data was compared with that of the non-residents to determine the differences in perception of residents and visitors. The residential information was then compared with survey data from the 2003 National Coastal Survey. Visitors knew less about general tsunami information such as when the last tsunami occurred and were less likely to believe that a tsunami could occur imminently. Non-residents reported less receipt of information and did considerably less information seeking. Differences in knowledge of warning systems were difficult to ascertain. The Boxing Day event certainly made an impact, increasing people's knowledge and awareness, though most likely only temporarily.
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Shi, Shaozhong. "Observational and theoretical aspects of tsunami sedimentation." Thesis, Coventry University, 1995. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/0a4c8219-19e9-a6c2-4417-440b0e84702e/1.
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This dissertation presents the detailed results of investigations into the coastal geomorphological effects and sedimentation processes associated with a recent large tsunami event which took place on the 12th December 1992 in Flores, Indonesia, and the stratigraphical and sedimentological study of a widespread sand layer preserved in coastal sedimentary sequences along the eastern coast of Scotland representing a low-frequency, high-energy marine event, which took place at circa 7,000 radiocarbon years B.P. With modern alalogues, established in this dissertation, of both tsunami and storm surge sedimentary characteristics and sedimentation processes as the key, together with high-resolution sedimentological evidence obtained from the circa 7,000 radiocarbon years B. P. event, competing hypotheses of the likely causes of the marine flooding by either a tsunami or storm surge event are tested. It is concluded that the circa 7,000 B. P. marine flooding event was a tsunami, believed to have been generated by one of the world's largest submarine landslides in the Norwegian Sea - the Second Storegga Slide. The particle size composition of tsunami sediments is found to vary from well sorted to poorly sorted and is controlled by both the characteristics of the source sedement (local coastal sediments) and sedimentation processes associated with tsunami inundation. Tsunami sediments deposited on land are believed to form continuous and discontinuous sedimentary sheets ascending up to levels distinctively higher than contemporary sea levels and to contain a general landward-fining trend and multiple sets of grading (fining-upward) sequences, reflecting spatial changes in particle size composition. A conceptual model of coastal tsunami sedimentation is established including processes of seaward and landward sediment movements, episodic rapid deposition, sediment accumulation and erosion.
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Onat, Yaprak. "Database Development For Tsunami Warning System In Mediterranean Basin By Tsunami Modeling." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613328/index.pdf.
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Wider awareness, proper preparedness and effective mitigation strategies need better understanding of tsunamis and tsunami hazard assessment. Tsunami assessment study covers the exchange and enhancement of available earthquake and tsunami data, development of bathymetric and topographic data in sufficient resolution, selection of possible or credible tsunami scenarios, selection and application of the valid and verified numerical tools for tsunami generation, propagation, coastal amplification, inundation and visualization. From this point of view, this thesis deals with all these components of tsunami hazards assessment. The database of 38 different seismic sources is generated and applied to Eastern Mediterranean Basin by using numerical code called NAMI DANCE. Furthermore, the simulation results are compared and discussed. In the thesis, the difficulties in defining seismic source parameters, the effect of dip and rake (slip) angle on seismic generated tsunamis are evaluated. Moreover, the performance of the numerical code, the accuracy of results, the efficiency of the numerical methods in the application to Mediterranean Basin Tsunamis and the comparisons of simulations in nested domains for Bodrum, Kas and Iskenderun are given as case studies. According to the study, north-west and south-west of Turkey may have tsunami risk more than other regions. The maximum wave amplitudes,
which may be expected to occur near the shore, are found more than 4 m. However, maximum positive wave amplitude observed in history is approximately 8 m. The arrival time of first wave to hit the coasts vary in a range of 15 to 60 minutes depending on the closeness of the location to the sources&rsquoepicenter.
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Khomarudin, Muhammad Rokhis. "Tsunami Risk and Vulnerability." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-123811.
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Rakoto, Virgile. "Inversion des signaux ionosphériques des Tsunamis par la méthode des modes propres." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC176/document.
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Les séismes de grande magnitude (MW > 7) et les tsunamis associés induisent des perturbations qui peuvent être détectées dans l’atmosphère et l’ionosphère à partir des mesures TEC (contenu total en électron). Dans cette thèse, J’étudie la possibilité d’utiliser ce signal ionosphérique afin de compléter le système de surveillance et d’alerte aux tsunamis. Ainsi, j’étudie le couplage entre la Terre solide, l’océan, l’atmosphère. Je démontre en particulier que seule la fréquence à 1.5 mHz entre les modes de tsunami et les modes de gravité atmosphériques peut être détectée via l’ionosphère et met en évidence que l’efficacité du couplage océan/atmosphère est sensible à la profondeur de l’océan et l’heure locale. Ces développements ont permis de réaliser la modélisation complète de la signature ionosphérique de 3 tsunamis d’amplitude 2, 3 et 60 cm en plein océan : respectivement le tsunami d’Haida Gwaii en 2012 et le tsunami des Kouriles en 2006 en champ lointain et le tsunami de Tohoku 2011 en champ plus proche. Enfin, nous avons démontré que l’amplitude crête à crête de la hauteur du tsunami inversée reconstruit avec moins de 20 % d’erreur l’amplitude mesurée par une bouée DART dans ces trois casLarge earthquake (MW > 7) and tsunamis are known to induce perturbations which can be detected in the atmosphere and ionosphere using total electron content (TEC) measurements. In this thesis, I first investigated on the possibility of using these ionospheric signals in order to complete the tsunami monitoring and warning system. Thus, I study the coupling between the solid Earth, the ocean, the atmosphere. I demonstrate that only the resonance at 1.5 mHz between the tsunami modes and the atmospheric gravity modes can be detected through ionosphere and highlight the fact that the efficiency of the coupling ocean/atmosphere is sensitive to ocean depth and local time. These developments enables the complete modelling of the ionospheric signature of 3 tsunami with an amplitude of 2, 3 and 60cm in deep ocean: the 2012 Haida Gwaii and the 2006 Kuril tsunami in far field and the 2011 Tohoku tsunami in closer field respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that the peak-to- peak amplitude of the height of the inverted tsunami reconstructs with less than 20% error the amplitude measured by a DART buoy in these three cases
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Deng, Han. "Assessing Tsunami Risk in Southwest Java, Indonesia: Paleo-Tsunami Deposits and Inundation Modeling." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7249.
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Samples from 13 different sites along the south coast of West Java yield 7 candidate paleo-tsunami sands, which may represent 4 different paleo-tsunami events. Ages obtained from one deposit may document a tsunami and coastal subsidence from an earthquake in 1,053 AD. The tsunami deposit from this event is preserved in an uplifted marine terrace exposed at Panto Cape, Banten Province. We speculated that the terrace has been uplifted about 4.6 m to the present height of 2 m above sea level, since the 1053 AD event at a rate of 4.8 mm/a. This uplift is strong evidence that strain is accumulating at the Java Trench and enough has already accumulated to generate a megathrust earthquake event.Numerical models using ComMIT of possible megathrust earthquake scenarios were constructed using the 2004 Sumatra earthquake, 30-m fault slip, and the 2011 Japan earthquake as proxies. These three scenarios yield earthquakes of Mw 9.3, 9.5 and 8.9, respectively. The worst case scenario is used to estimate the extent of tsunami inundation of the SW coast of Java, which totals 643 km2. The total number of people who inhabit the inundation area is around 451,000. Some coastal configurations cause a no escape situation where the modeled tsunami arrives in less than 20 minutes, which is not enough time for those near the coast to escape far enough inland or to a sufficient elevation to avoid the tsunami. These areas include the coastlines of Sukabumi, Cianjur and west Garut Regencies and the Pameungpeuk area.
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Muhammad, Ario. "Tsunami hazard and risk assessments in West of Sumatra, Indonesia using stochastic tsunami simulation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743037.
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Dilmen, Derya Itir. "Gis Based Tsunami Inundation Maps." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610771/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, detailed tsunami numerical modeling study was applied to the selected case studies, Fethiye town (Turkey) and Kiparissia-Zakintos-Pylos (Greece) in Mediterranean, using rupture-specific tsunami sources which can generate tsunamis in Mediterranean. As a first step of the study, the general database of Fethiye and Kiparissia-Zakintos-Pylos were integrated to GIS-based environment to organize, analyze and display reliable data from different sources. Secondly, for each earthquake scenario, the tsunami propagation and coastal amplifications were computed by TUNAMI N3 to evaluate the coastal amplifications of tsunamis and understand the tsunami propagation for the cases. As the final step, a study of inundation areas of probable tsunamis in these regions was performed. Available results were used to understand the effects of tsunamis and assist in developing mitigation strategies. Methods and results were presented and discussed.
Books on the topic "Tsunami"
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Diposaptono, Subandono. Tsunami. 2nd ed. Bogor: Penerbit Buku Ilmiah Populer, 2006.
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Satake, Kenji. Tsunamis in the world ocean: Past, present and future. Basel: Birkhauser, 2011.
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Sư̄psāmakkhī, ʻAphichā. Mahantaphai Sưnāmi: Tsunami. Kō̜ Thō̜ Mō̜. [i.e. Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhō̜n]: Māyik Samnakphim, 2005.
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Bryant, Edward. Tsunami. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7.
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B, Singh H., and National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (New Delhi, India), eds. Tsunami. New Delhi: National Institute of Science, Communication, and Information Resources, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tsunami"
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Dang, Khang, Kyoji Sassa, and Doan Huy Loi. "Teaching Tool for LS-Tsunami." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, 375–400. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4_22.
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AbstractLandslide-induced tsunamis pose a significant natural hazard with the potential for devastating impacts on coastal communities. This paper discusses the development and application of the LS-Tsunami simulation code, which utilizes landslide motion data from LS-RAPID to model these tsunamis. The program is compatible with Windows PC and features user-friendly visual interfaces and 3D graphical results, making it easy for beginners to conduct integrated landslide and tsunami simulations. The process involves setting the simulation area, editing topographic data, reading landslide results from LS-RAPID, and configuring calculation conditions. In addition to the descriptive steps provided in this paper, a video tutorial is available to guide users through the process of using the LS-Tsunami simulation code. Notably, LS-Tsunami has been successfully applied to various case studies, including a simple coastal landslide-induced tsunami, the 1972 Unzen landslide-induced tsunami in Japan, and a landslide-induced tsunami-like wave in Vietnam.
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Bryant, Edward. "Introduction." In Tsunami, 3–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_1.
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Bryant, Edward. "Risk and Avoidance." In Tsunami, 197–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_10.
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Bryant, Edward. "Epilogue." In Tsunami, 213–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_11.
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Bryant, Edward. "Tsunami Dynamics." In Tsunami, 19–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_2.
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Bryant, Edward. "Signatures of Tsunami in the Coastal Landscape." In Tsunami, 35–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_3.
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Bryant, Edward. "Coastal Landscape Evolution." In Tsunami, 63–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_4.
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Bryant, Edward. "Earthquake-Generated Tsunami." In Tsunami, 85–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_5.
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Bryant, Edward. "Great Earthquake-Generated Events." In Tsunami, 103–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_6.
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Bryant, Edward. "Great Landslides." In Tsunami, 131–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06133-7_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tsunami"
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Raza, Muhammad Ali, and Aslam Faqeer Mohammad. "Tsunami-Resilient Building Assessment for Coastal Community of Karachi." In Technology Enabled Civil Infrastructure Engineering & Management Conference, 3–9. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xlft9h.
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The construction of resilient infrastructure and buildings is a key requirement for sustainable cities and communities. Tsunami is a natural hazard that can have a devastating impact on coastal communities. The 2010 Chile and 2011 Great East Japan tsunamis changed the way that structural engineers estimate design loads for structures. During these events, coastal protective structures and waterfront concrete buildings failed to sustain the tsunami hydrodynamic forces. This paper demonstrates the performance evaluation of a numerically simulated case-study tall building located at the Karachi coastal belt employing the ASCE 7-16 provisions. Results include the resilient-based assessment of the overall building and individual component performance when subjected to hydrodynamic loadings and debris damming effects due to active-sea debris such as wooden logs and shipping containers.
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Hamada, Eigai. "Tsunami Actual Water Experience Museums." In ASME 2024 43rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2024-127032.
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Abstract The NPO Takurou (Chief Director : Eigai Hamada) is planning to construct museums where visitors can learn about how terrifying tsunamis are through actual water demonstrations and about measures to prevent tsunami disasters. The museums will provide actual tsunami-like water flow at a safe height so that visitors can experience the possible effects of tsunamis, such as their legs being directly exposed to rushing water and falling down into the water, so they can see how easy it would be to drown even in shallow water. The museums will also provide information (videos, photos, etc.) of previous tsunami disasters, such as that during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011, so that visitors can feel the fear of an actual tsunami. Also, the museums will provide lectures which teach about updated tsunami disaster mitigation measures, how to prevent tsunami disasters, and how to protect residents and their communities from tsunamis. For visitors who are afraid to experience actual water flow or do not want to watch videos of previous tsunami disasters, medical staff will consult with the visitors and advise them on which exhibits to skip. These Tsunami Actual Water Experience Museums will be established in two areas in Japan subject to tsunamis (i.e., Kuroshio in Kochi Prefecture and Taro in Miyako in Iwate Prefecture). The planned museums will revitalize the local communities, which are suffering under the threat of tsunamis and whose populations are declining as a result.
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Heidarzadeh, Mohammad. "Far-Field Effects of Large Tsunamis Produced by the Makran Subduction Zone." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79362.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami which exported death and destruction to far distant shores, once more emphasized the tsunami hazards associated with transoceanic tsunamis. Historical records of tsunamis in the Makran subduction zone (MSZ) reveal that Makran tsunamis are capable of producing large waves in the far-field. The Makran tsunami of 1945 produced by an Mw8.1 earthquake was reported to cause far-field effects in the Indian Ocean and reached a height of about 30 cm in the Seychelles, at the distance of about 3500 km from the MSZ. Here, we assess historical observations of this event and perform numerical modeling of this tsunami with emphasis on its far-field effects. Our numerical modeling successfully reproduces most feathers of the historical observations including its far-field effects. Southward propagation of Makran large tsunamis is investigated and their possible effects on Maldives and Seychelles islands are discussed. This study will help to better understand tsunami hazard associated with the MSZ, especially its far-field hazard.
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Heidarzadeh, Mohammad, Moharram D. Pirooz, Nasser H. Zaker, and Mohammad Mokhtari. "Modeling of Tsunami Propagation in the Vicinity of the Southern Coasts of Iran." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29082.
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The extensive death toll and sever economical damages brought by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has emphasized the urgent need for assessing the hazard of tsunami in this ocean, and determining the most vulnerable coastlines to the impact of possible tsunami. In this paper the hazard of tsunami for southern coasts of Iran bordering the Indian Ocean is discussed. At first, historical data of tsunami occurrences on the Iranian southern coasts are collected, described and analyzed. Then, numerical simulation of potential tsunamis in the Makran subduction zone is performed and the tsunami wave height distribution along the Iranian coast is calculated. The Makran subduction zone is among two main tsunamigenic zones in the Indian Ocean. In this zone the Oman oceanic plate subducts beneath the Iranian Micro-plate at an estimated rate of about 19 mm/yr. Historically, there is the potential for tsunami generation in this region and several tsunamis attacked the Makran coastlines in the past. The most recent tsunami in this region has occurred on 28 November 1945 which took the lives of more than 4000 people in the coasts of Iran, Pakistan, India, and Oman. Here we examine the seafloor uplift of the Makran zone and its potential for generating destructive tsunamis in the southern coastlines of Iran. Several earthquake scenarios with moment magnitudes ranging between 6.5 and 8.5 are used as initial conditions for analysis. For scenario of an earthquake with magnitude of 8.0, propagation of tsunami waves on coastlines and wave time histories in selected reference locations are calculated.
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Javanmardi, Mohammadreza, and M. Reza Alam. "Distributed Damping of Tsunamis." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41082.
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Tsunamis are a major threat to coastal communities. One of the ways to avoid tsunami disasters is to use breakwaters to attenuate the incident tsunami energy. The incident tsunami energy is expected to be dissipated by induced wave breaking in the shallow water over the structure peak. In this paper, a new method to attenuate the tsunami energy is described and investigated. This new concept dissipates tsunami energy by implementing small barriers into the water before the tsunami reaches the shore. The interaction of tsunami-like solitary waves with new submerged barriers has been investigated and their performance was compared with that of conventional breakwaters. We found that the new structure can be used as a tsunami wave attenuator.
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Heidarzadeh, Mohammad, Moharram D. Pirooz, and Nasser H. Zaker. "Tsunami Hazards in the Northwestern Indian Ocean." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57837.
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Although northwestern Indian Ocean has experienced some deadly tsunamis in the past, this region remains one of the least studied regions in the world and little research work has been devoted to its tsunami hazard assessment. In this study, we compile and analyze historical tsunami in the northwestern Indian Ocean and present a tsunami list for this region. Then, a deterministic method has been employed to give a preliminary estimation of the tsunami hazard faced by different coastlines in this region. Different source scenarios are considered and for each scenario, numerical modeling of tsunami is performed. For each case, the maximum positive tsunami wave heights along the coasts are calculated which provide a preliminary estimation of tsunami hazard and show which locations face the greatest threat from a large tsunami.
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Behera, Manasa Ranjan, K. Murali, and V. Sundar. "Modeling of the Indian Ocean Tsunami." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29691.
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Shallow Water Equations are solved using an Unstructured Explicit Finite Element Method (UEFEM) to simulate long waves in the ocean. The formulation of the UEFEM has been described and found to be computationally efficient for large problems such as basin level modeling of tsunamis. Different domains have been considered to simulate the propagation of the waves due to an artificially imposed initial disturbance. The domain of Bay of Bengal has been considered for simulation with an initial disturbance which resembles the type and location of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The Wave elevation and deformations as well as time of travel of tsunami are reproduced. The method hence has high potential of being attractive for application of simulation of global tsunamis.
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Liyanage, L. D. T. D., and A. H. R. Rathnasooriya. "Tsunami hazards: Assessment of exposure of Sri Lanka – Case study in Potuvil, Kalmunai and Nilaveli." In Civil Engineering Research Symposium 2024, 31–32. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/cers.2024.16.
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Tsunamis, caused by impulsive disturbances such as undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides, pose significant risks to coastal regions worldwide. This research focuses on assessing the tsunami exposure levels of Sri Lanka, specifically from potential future events generated in the Sunda Trench, using numerical modelling techniques. The study highlights the importance of understanding the varying degrees of risk along the coastline to enhance disaster preparedness and mitigate impacts. The Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 26, 2004, demonstrated the devastating effects of such events, particularly in Sri Lanka, where extensive loss of life and property occurred. Subsequent tsunami alerts underscored the need for accurate risk assessments, as damage levels varied significantly across different coastal areas. Sri Lanka's geographical location, in proximity to earthquake-prone zones like the Sunda Trench and the Makran Fault, exposes it to far-field tsunamis, providing a crucial time window for early warnings and evacuations. This research employs the Community Model Interface for Tsunami (ComMIT) to simulate various tsunami scenarios and analyse nearshore wave characteristics. The study focuses on Potuvil, Kalmunai, and Nilaveli, areas significantly impacted by the 2004 tsunami and characterized by high population density and growing tourism, increasing their vulnerability to coastal hazards. ComMIT, based on the Method of Splitting Tsunamis (MOST), is used for the numerical simulations, incorporating predefined earthquake sources and detailed bathymetric data. The simulations cover potential tsunami events from earthquakes of magnitudes 7.5 to 9.2 in four segments of the Sunda Trench. The results provide insights into the maximum wave amplitudes and arrival times at selected coastal locations. The findings reveal that the coastal areas of Potuvil, Kalmunai, and Nilaveli are highly exposed to tsunamis generated in the Sunda Trench, especially from high-magnitude earthquakes. Nilaveli and Potuvil show severe exposure to events with magnitudes 9.0 and 9.2, while Kalmunai faces substantial exposure to magnitude 9.2 earthquakes. These results are critical for enhancing disaster preparedness and risk mitigation in Sri Lanka's coastal regions. By identifying areas with high exposure, authorities can prioritize the development and implementation of early warning systems, evacuation plans, and infrastructure improvements. This research contributes to the broader goal of increasing resilience to natural disasters through informed decision-making at both local and national levels. Future research should continue to refine tsunami hazard assessments with updated data and advanced modelling techniques to ensure accurate predictions. Additionally, efforts to enhance public awareness and community preparedness are essential to foster a culture of resilience and proactive response to tsunami threats. Leveraging scientific research and collaborative efforts, Sri Lanka can effectively mitigate tsunami impacts, safeguarding lives, and livelihoods in its coastal communities.
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Kaida, Hideki, Yoshinori Miyagawa, and Naoto Kihara. "Methodology for Fragility Evaluation of a Seawall Against Tsunami Effects: Part 1 — Overflow and Physical Damage Associated With Tsunami Wave Pressure." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60927.
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Successive safety improvements for nuclear power plants (NPPs) have been required by society as well as by regulatory agencies because of the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant due to the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The establishment of a methodology for the fragility evaluation of seawalls is essential for developing a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for tsunamis that is applicable to NPPs where the hazard level of tsunamis is high. In the present study, fragility evaluation methods of reinforced concrete (RC) seawalls are documented. Two main damage modes of the seawall, namely overflow and physical damage caused by tsunami wave pressure, were the primary focus. Using the documented fragility evaluation methodology, a conceptual study for evaluating the fragility of a RC seawall against overflow and the impact of tsunami wave pressure is performed, and fragility curves are obtained by considering the following uncertainties: evaluation accuracy of the inundation level and tsunami wave pressure, density of the seawater, compressive strength of concrete, yield strength of reinforcement, and evaluation accuracy of the shear capacity.
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Masuda, Mitsuhiro. "A Study on the Construction of the Tsunami Hazard Database for Mooring Vessels in the Ports." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79338.
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Abstract When a tsunami attacks a coastal area, vessels moored at the wharf suffer serious damage. In fact, more than 20,000 vessels have been damaged, such as landing on a wharf, drifting, or colliding due to the tsunami caused by the Tohoku earthquake in 2011. Tsunamis are significant disasters in Japan. Many researchers have studied the prediction of tsunami damages and the tsunami damage protection measures. However, there are various approaches for studying tsunami damage prediction and tsunami protection measures for each researcher. This means that the tsunami damages and tsunami protection measures are evaluated using various methods in each area and port. Accordingly, when tsunami damages are evaluated, there is currently no unified evaluation method in Japan as a whole. This study proposes a tsunami hazard database for major Japanese ports using the unified evaluation method. The moving particle simulation (MPS) method was used as a tsunami hazard simulation method. Target ports are 23 major Japanese ports. The landing on a wharf and breakage of mooring lines were evaluated as hazard cases for the mooring vessel. In evaluating the landing of vessels on a wharf, the tsunami height in each port, the draft of vessels, and the crown heights by the difference in tidal levels were considered. The tsunami hazard database was constructed based on these results. Finally, tsunami hazards in major Japanese ports were evaluated using the tsunami hazard database.
Reports on the topic "Tsunami"
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Davies, G., and J. Griffin. The 2018 Australian probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment: hazard from earthquake generated tsunamis. Geoscience Australia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2018.041.
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Lynett, Patrick, and Hong Kie Thio. Validation of Tsunami Design Guidelines for Coastal Bridges - Tsunami Database Files. PEER, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/tpf.supp.1.
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Salisbury, J. B., E. N. Suleimani, D. J. Nicolsky, and M. E. West. Tsunami hazards: frequently asked questions. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30581.
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Newell, J. T., S. A. Maurits, E. N. Suleimani, R. D. Koehler, and D. J. Nicolsky. Tsunami inundation maps for Alaska communities. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29523.
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Suleimani, E. N., D. J. Nicolsky, and R. D. Koehler. Tsunami inundation maps for Yakutat, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29577.
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Nicolsky, D. J., E. N. Suleimani, R. D. Koehler, and J. B. Salisbury. Tsunami inundation maps for Juneau, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/29741.
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Suleimani, E. N., D. J. Nicolsky, and R. D. Koehler. Tsunami inundation maps of Sitka, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/26671.
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J. G. HILLS, M. P. GODA, and ET AL. TSUNAMI FROM ASTEROID AND COMET IMPACTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784586.
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Boslough, Mark B. Can Asteroid Airbursts Cause Dangerous Tsunami?. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1223169.
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Lottes, Steven, Marta Sitek, Chao Huang, and Oscar Suaznabar. Scour Estimation for Tsunami at Bridges. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1785710.
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