Dissertations / Theses: 'Tswana'

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Mogase, Emily Phuti. "The speech act of advice in educational contexts in Setswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50192.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines data from advice-giving in Setswana relating to pragmatic theorists' argument that every human interaction, to a large extent carries with it an element of threatening one or both participants' face. The speech act of politeness has been identified as one of the most effective speech acts to be employed in giving as well as soliciting advice. Every speech act is influenced by contextual, cultural and many other background factors associated to age, gender and rank to mention a few, which contribute towards how the speech is composed. The issues relating to the theory of politeness prompted this study on the extent to which politeness plays a role in giving advice in an educational context of Setswana speaking students. The study has evaluated Brown and Levinsons' theory of politeness as a universal phenomenon against the findings of my data, in that the universality of these theorists does not quite fit with this study. The variable percentages in this data, especially in giving advice, indicate that politeness does not always exist in terms of positive and negative face in the participants' mind but other considerations related to the goal of the speech act are the main source of the speech act. In this study, politeness in the Setswana school context has demonstrated that politeness has been employed as a strategy for encoding distance between the speaker and the solicitor. The purpose of advising teachers and students through politeness behavior is to mitigate face and to create a favorable context anticipated by the solicitor.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek data oor advies-gee in Setswana wat verband hou met pragmatiekteoretici se argument dat elke menslike interaksie tot 'n groot mate 'n element het dat een, of beide, deelnemers se gesig bedreig word. Die spraakhandeling van beleefdheid is geïdentifiseer as een van die mees effektiewe spraakhandelinge wat ingespan word in die gee, sowel as die vra van advies. Elke spraakhandeling word beïnvloed deur kontekstuele, kulturele en talle ander agtergrondfaktore wat verband hou met onder andere ouderdom, gender en rang, wat bydra tot die wyse waarop die spraakhandeling saamgestel word. Die vraagstukke rakende die beleefdheidsteorie het aanleiding gegee tot hierdie studie oor die mate waartoe beleefdheid 'n rol speel in advies-gee in opvoedkundige kontekste deur Setswana-sprekende persone. Die studie evalueer Brown en Levinson se teorie van die Universele beginsels wat dit stel teenoor die bevindinge van die data verkry in die navorsing oor Setswana-sprekende studente en daar word afgelei dat Brown en Levinson se universalia nie volledig bevestig word nie. Die varieerbaarheid waargeneem ind ie data oor advies-gee dui aan dat beleefdheid nie altyd manifisteer in terme van negatiewe gesig in die deelnemers se oorwegings nie, maar dat ander oorwegings rakende die doelstelling van die spraakhandeling die hoofbron vorm van die spraakhandeling. In hierdie studie, het beleefdheid in die Setswana opvoedkundige konteks aangetoon dat beleefdheid ingespan word as 'n strategie om afstand te vestig tussen die spreker en die hoorder. Die doel van advies-gee aan onderwysers en studente deur beleefdheidsgedrag is om 'n gunstige konteks te vestig, wat verwag word deur die hoorder.

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Pilane, Gabaitsiwe Elizabeth. "An analysis of the construction of Tswana cultural identity in selected Tswana literary texts / Gabaitsiwe Elizabeth Pilane." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2281.

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Mangwegape, Bridget Kesaobaka. "The speech act of apology in Setswana educational contexts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50527.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An apology in Setswana is offered ;when an individual has violated a social norm or want to restore any form of a complainable. When it is given, it serves as a remedial work,designed to smooth over any social disruption that was caused. Sometimes a person who is suppose to apologize may find reasons to minimize the degree of the offence. If the offence in question is big, a verbal apology may be insufficient to restore the damaged relationship. Male and female learners commit a lot of offences towards each other at school and they are obliged to apologize for such offences. In the process of apologizing, they are faced with a wide chioce of strategies to choose from. In most cases, male learners have a tendency of giving an explanation to their offences. They do not always seek for a direct apology. In the acceptance of their offences, they opt for longer strategies to apologize. Males seem to be either proud or shy to ask for an apology from females. Female learners on the other hand, do not want to use longer strategies to apologize, but they ask for forgiveness immidiately. It is not all the males who do not want to apologize directly to females, but there are some who apologize directly. They are the ones who take females as their equals and they also want to maintain a good relationship with them. The same applies with females, a minimal number of them use longer strategies to apologize. They do not use direct strategies. There are other strategies also useful to Setswana male and female learners, but their use is not so popular. Strategies like explicit acceptance of the blame and expression of self-deficiency are considered the least of manifested. An apology is usually influenced by the way the complainant shows his or her dissatisfaction. Male and female learners also differ with the way they complain. They use complaint strategies differently. Both male and female learners use direct accusation and indirect accusation extensively. But the difference comes by the fact that females are longer with their complaints than males. Females show their annoyance by involving more complaint strategies. Males do not take long to complain, they involve a few strategies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Apologie in Setswana word gedoen wanneer 'n individu 'n sosiale norm oortree het, of enige vorm van 'n klagte wil herstel. Wanneer dit gegee word, dien 'n apologie as remediële werk, ontwerp om enige sosiale ontwrigting wat veroorsaak is, uitstryk. Somtyds kan 'n persoon wat veronderstel is om 'n apologie aan te teken, redes vind om die graad van die oortreding te minimaliseer. Indien die oortreding baie groot is, kan 'n verbale apologie onvoldoende wees om die beskadigde verhouding te herstel. Manlike en vroulike Setswana-sprekende leerders pleeg talle oortredings teenoor mekaar by die skool, en hulle is verplig om apologie aan te teken teenoor mekaar. In die proses van apologie aanteken, word hulle gekonfronteer met In wye verskeidenheid strategieë waaruit hulle kan kies. In die meeste gevalle, het leerders die neiging om In verduideliking te gee vir hulle oortredings. Hulle kies nie altyd 'n direkte apologie nie. In die aanvaarding van hulle oortredings, kies hulle langer strategieë om apologie aan te teken. Manlike persone blyk óf te trots óf te skaam te wees om apologie aan te teken teenoor vroulike leerders. Vroulike leerders, hierteenoor, wil nie langer strategieë aanwend om apologie aan te teken nie, en hulle vra onmiddellik vir vergiffenis Dit is egter nie alle manlike leerders wat nie direk apologie aanteken teenoor vroulike leerders niesommige manlike leerders teken wel direk apologie aan, maar die gebruik daarvan is nie so gewild nie. Hulle is die manlike leerders wat die vroulike leerders as hulle gelykes sien en 'n goeie verhouding met hulle wil handhaaf. 'n Klein getal vroulike leerders gebruik langer strategieë om verskoning aan te teken en hulle gebruik nie direkte strategieë nie. Daar is ander strategieë wat ook bruikbaar is vir Setswana-sprekende manlike en vroulike leerders, maar die gebruik daarvan is nie so populêr nie. Strategieë soos die aanvaarding van blaam, en uitdrukking van self-tekort, word die minste gemanifesteer. 'n Apologie word gewoonlik beïnvloed deur die wyse waarop 'n klaer sy/haar ontevredenheid wys. Manlike en vroulike leerders vershil ook t.o.v. die wyse waarop hulle kla - hulle gebruik klagtestrategieë verskillend. Sowel manlike as vroulike leerders gebruik direkte en indirekte aantygings uitgebreid. Vroulike leerders neem egter langer met hulle klagtes as manlike leerders. Vroulike leerders wys hulle ontevredenheid deur meer klagte strategieë te gebruik, terwyl manlike leerders nie lank neem om te kla nie - hulle gebruik slegs 'n paar strategieë.

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Ras, Willem Abraham Prinsloo. "Die ideofoon in Tswana / Willem Abraham Prinsloo Ras." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/941.

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The aim of this study was firstly to summarise what research has already been done on the ideophone in literature, especially in Tswana literature. Secondly, an important aim was to establish what the morphological. syntactic, semantic and phonological properties are of the ideophone in Tswana. Divergent viewpoints have been expressed with regard to the nature of the ideophone in literature, because the phenomenon has been considered on the grounds of various linguistic approaches. In order to highlight this. one chapter has been devoted to this diversity of approach and point of view. and a suitable model. namely that of a structural linguistic study. was decided on. The qualities of the ideophone in Tswana were scrutinized within the framework of this model. Certain morphological properties were deduced on the basis of the paradigmatic and syntagmatic analyses. Ideophones reveal a number of morphemes which occur in a suffixed position. namely the ideophonicating, reduplicating and intensifying morphemes. The majority of ideophones seem to be formed from their related verb stems. Non-derivative ideophones show that they have not been derived from any related word form. Most derived ideophones. viz. deverbative ideophones. can be traced back to their verb stems, while a smaller number of de-adjective ideophones. are also formed from related ideophones. Morphologically, it has been established that the ideophone functions as an ideophonically descriptive term in the verb group containing re as the verb. Syntactically. ideophones have a dual word class status as a result of their valent qualities. Therefore. they may have a predicative or descriptive nature. Because of this duality. they may exhibit descriptive (adverbial) qualities in the context of verb and auxiliary verb groups, as well as predicative properties if they are used by themselves as a complete sentence or without the suggested verb s. Predicative ideophones may be transitive or intransitive, and can incorporate both a subject and an object morpheme. Semantically. ideophones have an explicating and an intensifying function. Synonyms. antonyms. homonyms. identical pairs of ideophones. metaphors, polysemy and figurative language were frequently found in the corpus of ideophones. Paradigmatically, the ideophonic morpheme imparts a semantic value of intensity to ideophones. while a doubling morpheme creates the semantic aspect of motion. intensity and suddenness. Syntagmatically it was determined that if the verb does not appear in a sentence. the ideophone acquires a greater semantic prominence. Ideophones are characterized phonologically by the doubling of both consonants and vowels. Phonologically. too, ideophones have an exaggerated variation of tone, i.e. both an abnormally high or low tone, with a falling and rising intonation. The tone of the ideophone is not affected by its position in the sentence. but does differ from one speaker to the next. The general conclusion drawn from this study is that the ideophone in Tswana has a dual word class status. because it displays both adverbial and verbal qualities.
Thesis (MA)--PU for CHE, 1992.

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Theledi, Kgomotso Mothokhumo Ambitious. "Descriptive nominal modifiers in Setswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52755.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study focused on three descriptive nominal modifiers which specify the attributes of nouns, i.e. the morphological adjective, the relative clause and the descriptive possessive. The morphological adjective appears in an adjectival phrase, which has to consist of a determiner and an adjective. The adjective must have agreement with the head noun in an NP. The adjective root may appear with nominal suffixes such as -ana and -gadi, it can be reduplicated, it may be transposed to other categories and it may even be compounded. The AP may also occur in predicative position as well as in comparative clauses. The relative clause may have the same semantic properties as the adjective. The relative clause in Setswana consists of a determiner in the position of the complementizer followed by an lP. Such an lP may have a copulative or non-copulative verb. Attention in this study has focused on the nominal relative, which appears as a complement of a copulative verb. These nominal relative stems have been divided into two sections, i.e. a section in which the nominal relative stems may not appear in a descriptive possessive construction and a second section where these stems may also appear as a complement of the possessive [a]. The semantic features of these nominal relative stems have been isolated and it is clear that they show a wide variety of semantic features. This type of relative clause represents the most prolific category, which specifies the attributes of nouns. The third category, which displays the semantic feature of an attribute of a noun, is the descriptive possessive construction. The syntactic and semantic structure of this type of phrase has been investigated. A wide variety of complements of the possessive [a] have been isolated in Setswana and some semantic features have received specific attention, i.e. group nouns and partitives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op drie deskriptiewe nominale bepalers wat die attribute van naamwoorde spesifiseer nl. die morfologiese adjektief, die relatief en die deskriptiewe possessief. Die morfologiese adjektief kom voor in 'n adjektieffrase wat bestaan uit 'n bepaler en 'n adjektief. Die adjektief moet klasooreenstemming hê met die kernnaamwoord in 'n naamwoordfrase. Die adjektiefstam kan voorkom met nominale suffikse soos ana en gadi, dit kan geredupliseer word, oorgeplaas word na ander kategorieë en selfs samestellings vorm. Die adjektieffrase kan ook voorkom in 'n predikatiewe posisie sowel as in vergelykings. Die relatief kan dieselfde semantiese eienskappe hê as die adjektief. Die relatief in Setswana bestaan uit 'n bepaler in die posisie van die komplementeerder gevolg deur 'n infleksiefrase. So 'n infleksiefrase kan 'n kopulatiewe of nie-kopulatiewe werkwoord bevat. Die aandag in hierdie studie het gekonsentreer op die nominale relatief wat voorkom as 'n komplement van 'n kopulatiewe werkwoord. Hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is verdeel in twee afdelings nl. 'n afdeling waarin die nominale relatiewe stamme nie kan voorkom in 'n deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie en 'n tweede afdeling waar hierdie stamme ook kan voorkom as 'n komplement van die possessiewe [a]. Die semantiese kenmerke van hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is geïsoleer en dit is duidelik dat hulle 'n wye verskeidenheid van semantiese kenmerke het. Hierdie tipe relatief verteenwoordig In baie wye keuse t.o.v. die attribute van naamwoorde. Die derde kategorie wat die semantiese kenmerk van 'n attribuut van 'n naamwoord vertoon, is die deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie. Die sintaktiese en semantiese struktuur van hierdie tipe frase is nagegaan. 'n Groot verskeidenheid komplemente van die possessiewe [a] is geïsoleer in Setswana en sommige semantiese kenmerke het spesifieke aandag gekry nl. groepnaamwoorde en partitiiewe.

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Stewart, James William. "The communication role of influentials in promoting condom use in rural Tswana settings /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6172.

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Makgato, M. M. "Tshenolo ya baanelwa ba basadi ka bakwalakhutshwe ba setswana." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11032006-123012.

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Motlhamme, Moitheki Zephorah. "Tlhotlhomisi ya dintshontsho tsa lorato : L. D. Raditladi." Pretoria : [s. n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11062007-115555.

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Phiri, Rebecca Batsile. "Lorato le lenyalo mo mabokong a ga S. F. Motlhake (Setswana) [electronic resource] /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01212008-160115.

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Otlogetswe, Thapelo Joseph. "Corpus design for seTswana lexicography /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07012008-133107/.

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Bateman, Nicoleta. "A crosslinguistic investigation of palatalization." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3262182.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 2, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-340).

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Nieżychowski, Maciej. "The institution of bridewealth and making of Tswana marriage." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Ditaunyane, Shoadi Ezekiel. "The integration of multimedia resources in the teaching of Tswana at secondary schools in the Motheo District." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21611.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This empirical study focuses – through the use of a descriptive survey – on the viability of integrating multimedia programmes in teaching Tswana at ten secondary schools in the Motheo District of the Free State Department of Education. The study sought to explore, inter alia, the progress made by schools in providing Tswana teachers with access to computers, the extent to which Tswana teachers use multimedia programmes in their daily practice and to determine the quality of Tswana multimedia programmes that are offered in the market.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie empiriese studie fokus – deur die gebruik van ‘n beskrywende ondersoek – op die lewensvatbaarheid om multimedia programme by die onderrig van Tswana by 10 sekondere skole in die departement opvoeding in die Motheo distrik van die Onderwysdepartement van die Vrystaat te integreer. Die studie het, onder meer, gepoog om vas te stel in watter mate daar al vordering gemaak is by skole om onderwysers van Tswana toegang tot rekenaars te verleen, hoeverre onderwysers van Tswana multimedia programme in hul daaglikse praktyk gebruik asook om die gehalte van multimedia programme wat vir Tswana beskikbaar is te evalueer.

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Zerwick, Madelaine. "Die voornaamwoord in Tswana : die identifikasie en klassifikasie / Madelaine Zerwick." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/942.

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It was revealed by research that in several grammatical studies of African languages, the word class "pronoun" as a separate word category is acknowledged. The grammarians differ mutually in terms of the items that are classified as pronouns. The underlying cause of this difference in interpretation lies in the existence of three word distributing systems in the study of African languages, namely conjunctivitism, semi-conjunctivitism and disjunctivitism. In chapter 1 it is constituted that the aim of the study to reassess the "items" that are regarded as pronouns in the grammars, in terms of their status as parts of speech, if not. The study made it necessary that the word distributing systems and word classification criteria as well as the word identification criteria as well as the word identification criteria be subjected to a close scrutiny. In this chapter it was constituted that a number of problems ensue from the differences that exist regarding the theoretical approach regarding the two problem areas of the word in Tswana, namely word identification and word classification. The problems that were addressed in the study were how the word distributing systems are, what the differences and similarities between word identification and classification criteria are and to gain finality about which word distributing system is the most acceptable, according to linguistic principles. In chapter 2, attention is paid to the different items that are regarded as pronouns. It was revealed that grammatici such as Van Eeden (1941). Sandilands (1953), Doke (1957), Van Wyk (1961), Ziervogel (1969), Cole (1 975) and Louwrens (1991 ) all regard the absolute, demonstrative and quantitative pronoun as a word class. Grammatici such as Doke (1957), Cole (1975), Louwrens and Poulos (1994) mention the so-called qualificative pronouns. The adjective, enumerative, possessive and the relative are classified as qualificative pronouns. Cole (1975) regards the quantitative as a qualificative pronoun as well. Grammatici such as Van Wyk (1961) and Krüger (1989) don't agree with this point of view, because some of the mentioned items are not words, but word groups. In chapter 3, attention is paid to a theoretical framework for the identification and classification of the different pronouns as they exist in the different African languages. The three word distributing systems as they appear in the African languages, were investigated. Unanimity regarding the problem of word classes or parts of speech could not be reached. The differences that exist regarding word identification and word classification, originated from the word distributing systems. In this chapter, different grammatical phenomenon or items were identified, about which there are differences in the different word distributing systems. Differences regarding the verb, function words (particles or links), copulative verbs, the possessive and qualificative links, as well as the locative demonstratives, nouns and pronouns exist. Different tests that apply to word identification, were investigated. The classification principles or criteria were also researched. In chapter 4, the word class status of the pronouns is identified. The different word distributing systems differ mutually regarding the type of status awarded to the different items. The items can have the status of either a morpheme, base, word or word group. the different pronouns were treated according to their status (previous findings and new status), their generic status, as well as their morphological and syntactical structure. It was established that according to the different word distributing systems, it can be determined whether pronouns occupy a set or varying status. It was determined that the absolute, demonstrative and quantitative pronouns regarding the disjunctive and semi-conjunctive word distributing systems occupy the set status of a word. These three pronouns occupy the status of a word or base or morpheme, according to the conjunctive word distributing system. The adjective-relative and verb-relative occupy the status of word groups, according to the disjunctive and semi-conjunctive word distributing systems. These constructions occupy the status of words as well as bases according to the conjunctive word distributing system. The possessive pronoun occupies the status of a word according to the disjunctive and semi-conjunctive word distributing systems. It has the status of a base/morpheme in the conjunctive word distributing system. According to the disjunctive system, the enumerative pronoun - sele has the status of a word and the status of a base according to the semi-conjunctive and conjunctive word distributing system. the enumerative pronouns -fe? and -pe has the status of bases according to the disjunctive word distributing system. The conjunctive and semi-conjunctive word distributing systems share this view. the enumerative pronouns -sele and -pe are re-assessed as subcategory of the quantitative pronoun, while -fe? is assessed as interrogative pronoun.
Short dissertation (MA (Tswana))--PU for CHE, 1997.

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Chebanne, A. M. "Etude contrastive des constructions verbales en tswana et en français." Grenoble 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE39027.

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La premiere partie est consacree a l'etude phonologique, morphologique et syntaxique du tswana. Dans cette partie nous proposons une etude sur les elements linguistiques pertinents du tswana. Dans la deuxieme partie nous nous sommes interesse plus particulierement a l'etude de la conjugaison du verbe tswana. Nous y avons presente diverses formes verbales du tswana que nos avons essayees de ramener a un systeme coherent de la conjugaison. Et nous avons debouche sur une conclusion d'ordre contrastif. Nous avons observe que pour toutes les formes verbales du tswana, seule la forme traditionnellement reconnue comme conditionnelle semble par sa traduction poser des problemes de tranposition qui pourraient faire objet d'une demarche pedagogique specifique. La troisieme partie porte sur les constructions verbales du tswana et leurs equivalents en francais. Nous avons observe qu'au niveau du systeme linguistique des dexu langues il existe des correspondences entre les valeurs des constructions verbales. Mais chaque langue a sa propre organisation et presente ses solutions syntaxiques pour une valeurs donnee. Nous avons essaye d' apporter du point de vue pedagogique des remarques contrastives pour chaque type de construction et chaque point souleve
The first part is consecrated to the phonological, morphological, and syntantic study of tswana. In this part a brief overview of the pertinent linguistique elements of tswana is given. In the second part we take a particular interest in the study of the verbal conjugation in tswana. Divers verbal forms are presented, and an attempt is made to reduce them to a coherent system. A contrastive conclusion is made. We have observed that only forms that are traditionally known as conditional seem, through translation, to present transposition problems which could need specificpedagogical strategies. The third part deals with verbal constructions in tswana and their equivalents in french. We have observed that at the level of the two languages' linguistic systems there exist some correspondences. But each language presents its own syntatic organisation and solutions for a given value. We have tried to give contrastive remarks from the pedagogical point of view for each type of construction and point raised

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Arellano-López, Sonia. "The social construction of trade in the Bechuanaland Protectorate." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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Van, den Heever Cornelius Marthinus. "Tswana first language interference on English vowels / C.M. van den Heever." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2283.

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Grönum, Wouter. "Die Difaqane : boorsprong, ontplooiing en invloed op die Tswana / Wouter Gronum." Thesis, North-West University (Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13957.

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This study illustrates the events in Southern Bantu history at the turn of the eighteenth century. Events that gave contents to the Difaqane (Difaqane is derived from the Southern Sotho word "faqane" which means "calamity") can be divided into phases. The first started in Natal as a phase of expansionism where Dingiswayo and Zwide started their wars of conquest. Nguni clans were forced to subject themselves or to flee. The struggle for the supremacy of Natal, started thereafter when the then king of the Zulu, Tsjaka, captured the kingship of the Mthetwa. He set himself the veracious task of suppressing the Natal Nguni under one rule - his! The following phase which started with the fleeing Nguni crossing the escarpment into the interior, is called the struggle for the supremacy of the Caledon. These refugees carried the Difaqane to the peoples of Sotho-origin as well as to the people in the East African regions. Smaller tribes were then scattered over the South African interior by the main forces, and they lived as nomadic marauding gangs. These actions resulted in the spreading of havoc, famine, cannibalism, the ruining of social-economic structures, the dislocation of tribal structures and the total cessation of economic activities. The last phase, the dismantling of the power of the great leaders, started when the Voortrekkers were attacked by the Matabeles and the Zulus. In return the Voortrekkers hit back and with this act brought an end to the powers that fickled and destabilized the interior of South Africa. The contact with the Voortrekkers started . the process of acculturation between the Zulu culture and the Western culture which is still ongoing to this day.
Thesis (MA)--PU vir CHO, 1989

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Snyman, Lourien. "Physical activity and homocysteine in Tswana adolescents : the play : study / L. Snyman." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4319.

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White, Kirrily. "From Trypillia to Tswana: A Global Perspective on Giant Low-Density Settlements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28688.

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Giant settlements worldwide which incorporated large amounts of open space, such as Cahokia, Great Zimbabwe and the European oppida, have long seemed anomalous to scholarship because they did not match the characteristics of conventional urbanism. It is now apparent that these settlements appeared relatively frequently in diverse conditions across the world over the past 7000 years and they may constitute a form of human settlement behaviour that has not yet been consistently articulated. In Limits of Settlement Growth, Roland Fletcher (1995) identified that such settlements sit outside usual categories for specifying conditions of settlement operation in the past. He predicted that these settlements would have dropped to a low-density internal pattern as they expanded to large size. In his parlance they operated below a Threshold Limit on the Interaction-Communication Matrix and would not therefore be constrained in their areal expansion. The aim of this research was to test Fletcher’s prediction for these sites in the I-C Model and explore the findings to delineate boundary conditions of their operation. A dataset of sites 100 ha or larger was compiled and compared across variables such as area, population mobility, durations and demise. Using a recently updated version of the I-C Matrix, these settlements were found to have operated beneath the Mobile Interaction-Limit as well as at lower densities. The mobility component of their operation varied substantially and there may be more than one type of human settlement behaviour indicated. Structurally, they were giant variants of preceding and contemporaneous settlement forms emergent under conditions of regional or sub-regional population increase rather than transformations. While individually they could have short durations, they could appear multiple times in a culture region and were resilient to all but regional systemic change.

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Sebate, Baitshebi Irene. "Tshekatsheko ya tikologo mo go Matlhoko, Matlhoko ya ga R.M. Malope (Setswana)." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11202008-174609/.

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Tshinki, Abby Mosetsanagape. "Code-switching in Setswana in Botswana." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132005-120122.

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McLean, Diane Lynn. "Indigenous Tswana architecture: with specific reference to the Tshidi Rolong village at Mafikeng." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007600.

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This essay is divided roughly into two main sections; in the first I have discussed the Tswana as a whole, their environment, their origins and their more recent history. In addition to this, I have tried to give a clear picture of their tribal political structure and economic activities, as well as their domestic activities, all of which are integrally linked to the kind of house form adopted by the Tswana. The last, and most important, part of the first section is a presentation of some of the earliest written descriptions of Tswana dwellings made by the first white travellers to enter Tswana territory. The second section takes the form of a presentation of findings observed during the course of personal field research undertaken in the Tshidi-Rolong village outside Mafikeng. This research was done by means of a number of questionnaires drawn up by myself and filled in on the spot with information supplied by house owners and sometimes the builders themselves. This survey was carried out largely at random, with several of the houses chosen arbitrarily because of an interesting feature which set them apart from other dwellings. This written information is backed up by a large bulk of visual information in the form of photographs taken personally, both of the dwellings in general, and of details of the houses. Although this essay may appear to be rather fragmented, my aim is to give a graphic account of changes in Tswana dwellings by comparing features of contemporary dwellings with those observed in the early nineteenth century. The fact that among the Tswana , the building style of one sub-tribe may vary slightly from that of another subtribe, has not affected my study to any large extent , since I was fortunate enough to have done my field research among a branch of one of the original groups, namely the Rolong, whose houses, along with those of the Tlhaping, were the first to be documented. Therefore, most of the differences which have occurred between the dwellings of the contemporary Tshidi-Rolong and those from the early nineteenth century are a direct result of the process of westernisation.

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Tumubweinee, Philippa N. "Counterpoint scenarios a methodology of integrating Tswana tradition into the proposed Kruindfontein mine /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10122006-121640.

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Babst, Scheán. "Mitochondrial DNA consensus sequence for the Tswana population of South Africa / Scheán Babst." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9110.

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Evolutionary studies are critical in eliciting the fundamental phylogeny within and among populations of living organisms. Genetic diversity is displayed in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as haplogroups that consist of shared mutations, which are carried to the following generation through the maternal lineage. The current haplogroup hierarchies commonly used to describe and compare the genetic diversity of global human populations are based on the available mtDNA sequence variation datasets of numerous continent-specific populations. The description of mtDNA variation in human populations is furthermore of importance, as it allows the identification of population-specific genetic variation that has an effect on gene function, as well as on adaptation and susceptibility to disease. Owing to the limited amount of available mtDNA variation data from the numerous African populations currently residing in Africa, a lack of genetic diversity data exists for the determination of a sufficient baseline standard sequence representing the genetic variation present in African populations and thus also for a representative African haplogroup hierarchy. In this study, the mtDNA variation of 50 Tswana-speaking individuals from South Africa was determined and a novel Tswana consensus sequence was constructed to contribute to the urgent need for information of the mtDNA variation present in African populations. The consensus mtDNA sequence variation data obtained through this analysis should be regarded as a baseline for the observed sequence variance and genetic diversity of the maternal ancestral genetic pool of a Bantu-speaking population of South Africa. This study therefore contributes novel information regarding the mitochondrial genetic diversity of a South African Tswana-speaking population to the current body of literature. The results of this study provide strong evidence to support the ancient nature of African haplogroups and also provide evidence in support of the presence of Khoi-San maternal ancestry in the origins of the current Bantu-speaking populations of southern Africa. In addition, the observed sequence variation contributes to the current haplogroup hierarchy of African lineages and provides information in support of the previously reported distinct phylogenetic relationship between individuals of African and non-African origin, thereby explaining the high level of genetic diversity among and between African populations.
Thesis (PhD (Biochemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

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Pistorius, Julius C. C. "Molokwane, an iron age Bakwena village : early Tswana settlement in the western Transvaal /." Johannesburg : Perskor printers, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36682142k.

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Laurence, Jo-Anne Elizabeth. "Identification of novel SNPSTRs by 454 sequencing in Nguni and Sotho-Tswana populations." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/55885.

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DNA profiling is currently performed by analysis of the electropherogram that results following the amplification of a panel of Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci. A need has arisen, however, for the development of a typing method that generates results which are compatible and comparable with existing databases, but that have a higher discrimination power by supplying sequence data as well as repeat-number data. Recent studies that explore these alternative typing methodologies have revealed the existence of a number of STR variants. There is, however, little information about the exact nature and prevalence of these sub-alleles. There have also been limited population studies of the genetic profiles of sub-Saharan African populations, despite the fact that evidence suggests that there is greater genetic structure and genetic diversity in these populations. In this study, a processing protocol for the generation of 454 sequencing-ready amplicons of vWA, D2S441, D3S1358, D13S317, D21S11 and D7S820 loci was developed. This protocol was applied to buccal swabs collected from 144 individuals of the Nguni and Sotho-Tswana population groups. A total of 145 485 reads were obtained from the sequencing of these amplicons, of which 97 400 and 48 085 reads were obtained for the Nguni and Sotho-Tswana populations respectively. The proportional representation for each locus ranged from 8-20%, and the allele calls and observed frequencies of these alleles suggested a high degree of relatedness between population groups. The sequencing results, furthermore, enabled the identification of a number of previously undescribed STR variants and SNPSTRs; with allele 13´ for D13S317 representing a SNP that may be predictive of Nguni-ancestry. The results also demonstrated the usefulness of next generation sequencing for increasing the number of discernible alleles for STR profiling.

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Gazendam, Verona. "Die opvoedingsfilosofie van die half-verwesterste Tswana-ouer in die Potchefstroom-omgewing / Verona Gazendam." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7806.

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This study investigates the educational ideas of semi-westernised Tswana parents and attempts to translate this educational trail of thought into an educational philosophy. The purpose of this research was, firstly, to determine what the educational beliefs of the semi-westernised Tswana parent in the Potchefstroom area actually are, and secondly, to formulate these beliefs into a coherent educational philosophy. The steps that were followed, were to investigate the pre-theoretical and theoretical foundation of the educational principles of the Tswana parents in the Potchefstroom area, both in their traditional and semi-westernised situations. Their general ideas with regard to education, in both traditional and in semi-westernised situations, were also researched. The semi-westernised Tswana's viewpoints on religion, reality, people, society, epistemology (theory of knowledge) and teleology were firstly determined. From the data that was gathered it was concluded that the Tswana parent in die Potchefstroom study indeed showed a mixture of traditional and westernised beliefs with regard to their outlook on life. With regard to their educational philosophy, it was found that even though parents hoped that their children would not forget traditional beliefs, these parents attempted to conform to Western standards of education. These parents' argument was that children must be well-informed about requirements they might have to meet in their future vocations. The more westernised a parent was in daily appearance and way of living, the more important it was for the child to be prepared for his/her life as an adult by means of formal schooling and post-school training. In addition, these parents hope and trust that their children will be able to maintain a higher standard of living -measured in terms of Western standards -than their parents. Recommendations made with regard to the parents's educational philosophy were that parents should be better informed of the demands placed on children today, so that they may be able to provide improved leadership and create a more positive motivational climate for their children. In addition, the researcher recommends that this field of research is begging to be explored further, especially since there has been relatively little research conducted to date on the educational philosophies of other black ethnical groups in general -and that of the Tswana in particular.
Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1991

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Mbongwa, Hlengiwe Prosperity. "Characterisation of the SULT1A1 polymorphism in a South African Tswana population group / y Hlengiwe P. Mbongwa." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4225.

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This dissertation brings to the fore the “Characterization of the SULT1A1 polymorphism in a South Africa Tswana population group.” The primary experimental group studied came from South African homogeneous Tswana individuals who participated voluntarily in an ongoing large-scale epidemiological Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus) participates in, as one of the 16 low- middleand high-income countries across the world. The primary aspect investigated was the comprehensive profile of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number variation (CNP) of the SULT1A1 gene. Using the PCRbased RFLP method, SULT1A1 genotypes, and allele frequency distributions in an experimental group of 1 867 individuals were determined. According to the literature this is by far the largest and most homogeneous group from which such information has been acquired to date. The SULT1A1*1, SULT1A1*1/*2 and SULT1A1*2 genotypes were found to be present at a percentage of 43.76, 47.12 and 9.11 respectively. In comparison to similar studies in other population groups, results from this study indicate that there are ethnic differences in the SULT1A1 genotypes incidence. Asian group differs from Caucasian and Tswana groups because of its exceptionally high prevalence of individuals with the SULT1A1*1 genotype and a very low incidence of the SULT1A1*2 genotype. The SULT1A1*1 genotype profiles of Caucasian and Tswana groups were comparable, but notable differences were observed for the SULT1A1*2 genotype. Using a quantitative multiplex PCR method for the CNV study, the numbers of copies of the SULT1A1 gene in the Tswana population were determined, and the results showed 1 to ~5 copies: only 0.65% of the subjects had a single copy, whereas 59.69% of the subjects had 3 or more copies. This result shows a significant discrepancy between the Caucasian-American samples, which showed that only 26% from that group had more than three copies. However, there is a significant relationship with the African-American population, which presented 63% with 3 or more copies. This finding confirms results from a much smaller African-American study, and suggests a possible genetic link between the African Tswana and the heritage of the African-Americans. These findings were submitted for publication to the South African Journal of Science, as that journal specializes in publication of new knowledge that has a regional focus on Africa. Simultaneous phenotypic consequences of the SNP and CNP of the SULT1A1 gene, as well as the thermo-stable and thermo-labile forms of the sulfotransferases were determined. For this, the formation of [35S]-4-nitrophenyl sulphate from 4-nitrophenol and [35S]-3’-phosphoadenosine- 5’-phosphosulfate ([35S]-PAPS) in platelet homogenates were measured, with the data normalized to a common platelet count. This investigation required fresh blood for enzyme activity. These samples came from 98 Caucasian subjects who voluntarily participated in this part of the study. The experimental data presented a unique challenge to develop a statistical model to accommodate the complexity of the distribution of the data in the phenotype and genotype components, which could be achieved by the development of a mixed model. The model indicated that product formation increased through increasing copy number, but did not differ for SULT1A1*1 and SULT1A1*1/*2. However, the rate of increase in product for the thermo-stable forms of the SULTs was greater than that of thermo-labile forms. In contrast, copy number effect for SULT1A1*2 differed considerably from that of the other two genotypes. Since genotype is also a significant factor, it was concluded from Tukey post-hoc tests that the population group means for product formation differ significantly (for all levels). These results are presently being prepared for publication in an accredited international journal. Finally, perturbations in 23 biochemical parameters measured in the PURE study were analyzed as a function of the SULT1A1 SNP and CNP were evaluated. No group separation in this regard could be found. It could be shown however, that sulfonation of the iodothyronines, which are endogenous substrates for the SULTs, was influenced by the SULT1A1 genotype. The relative concentrations in plasma of the sulphonated iodothyronines may be expressed as T2S > T3S >> T4S, which coincides with the substrate preference of the SULT1A1 enzymes. This observation may, however, only be qualitatively interpreted as (1) the targeted metabolomics mass spectrometric method used for the quantitative analysis of these substances needs further development, and (2) the influence of deiodonation was not taken into account in these studies. In conclusion, three perspectives are given at the end of the thesis which might be considered for further investigations.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Biochemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

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30

Tshitswana, Dintle S. "Batswana cultural beliefs and practices implications for methods of care for AIDS orphans and other vulnerable children in Botswana /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1082143462.

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Mokone, Nickey Seroke. "Macrostructural and microstructural strategies to enhance reference quality of Thanodi ya Setswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51822.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ineffective treatment procedures of lexical items and inadequate information in the macrostructure and microstructure reduce the value of the reference quality of Thanodi of Setswana. This prompted an attempt at suggesting improvements with regard to the treatment and information retrieval of lexical items. This dictionary is not consistent in its use of structural marketslreference symbols to mark vital lexicographic information and reference addresses. Homonyms are not given the comprehensive lexicographic treatment, that would enable the user to access all relevant linguistic and semantic information, Another shortcoming is the lack of the use of labels on some headwords in this dictionary. The treatment procedure given to synonyms in this dictionary fails to provide the relevant information that the user needs. There is a lack of semantic linking among synonyms, because of the inadequate use of cross-reference symbols and reference markers. Loan-words are not marked to indicate their linguistic origin and to recognise them as being part of the Setswana lexicon and conveying lexicographic information. The unavailability of usage notes as part of the treatment of Thanodi ya Setswana, reduces the reference quality of the dictionary as a source of linguistic information. The use of this semantic information as part of the definiens is important to avoid unclear lemma definitions. The treatment procedure given to certain lemmas in this dictionary, suggests that the space saving principle is ignored. There are repeated definitions in the articles of synonymous lemmas and this creates redundancy. It is suggested that synonymous lemmas be treated by a crossreference depending on their usage frequency. The more frequently used lemmas should be given full lexicographic treatment and the less frequently used lemmas be given a partial treatment. The treatment of nouns in this dictionary also reduces its reference quality. Singular nouns are lemmatized but plural nouns are not lemmatized, The exclusion of these plural nouns in the macrostructure of this dictionary disadvantages an inexperienced user, especially in cases where these plural forms are more frequently used than the singular forms. A strategy to lemmatize both singular and plural nouns can maximise the usefulness of the dictionary. There are sublexical lexical items that are part of the Setswana lexicon but are not lemmatized in this dictionary. These sublexicallexical items should be lemmatized to recognise their status as lexical items. The treatment procedure given to inflectional and deficient verbs is a cause for concern in this dictionary. Instead of semantic information being provided, a derivation process is shown in the dictionary's article. This poor treatment given to these lexical items, leads to other senses of the lemma being left out and not being found by the dictionary user. The suggested strategies in the treatment of lexical items and the making available of lexicographic information, would make this dictionary more user-friendly. With such improvements, this dictionary would benefit the dictionary user.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die waarde en kwaliteit van Thanodi ya Setswana word verminder deur oneffektiewe prosedures in die behandeling van leksikale items en onvoldoende informasie in die makro- en mikrostruktuur van die woordeboek. Hierdie tesis kan beskou word as 'n poging om verbeteringe voor te stel vir die behandeling van leksikale items en die inwin van informasie daaromtrent. Die woordeboek IS me konsekwent III sy gebruik van struktuurmerkers en verwysingsimbole ten einde belangrike leksikografiese informasie en verwysingsadresse te merk nie. Homonieme kry nie die volledige leksikografiese behandeling wat dit vir die gebruiker moontlik sou maak om alle relevante taalkundige en semantiese inligting te bekom nie. 'n Ander tekortkoming is die gebrek aan etikette by sommige lemmas in hierdie woordeboek. Die wyse waarop sinonieme in die woordeboek behandel word, is ook gebrekkig: dit verskaf nie die relevante inligting wat die gebruiker benodig nie. Daar IS onvoldoende inligting betreffende die semantiese verband tussen lemmas wat as sinonieme beskou word, vanwee die onvoldoende gebruik van verwysingsimbole en - merkers. Leenwoorde word nie gemerk ten einde hulle linguistiese oorsprong aan te dui, en duidelik te maak dat hulle deel van die Setswana leks ikon is nie. Daar is 'n gebrek aan aantekeninge of voorbeelde betreffende die gebruik van woorde en dit verminder die nut van Thanodi ya Setswana as naslaanwerk en bron van taalkundige inligting. Sulke semantiese inligting as deel van die definiens is belangrik omdat dit onduidelike definisies help voorkom. Die manier waarop sekere lemmas behandel word, maak dit duidelik dat die beginsel van die ekonomiese gebruik van spasie hier geignoreer is. Definisies in die artikels van sinonieme word telkemale herhaal, en dit lei tot oortolligheid. Daar word voorgestel dat sinonieme liewer behandel moet word by wyse van kruisverwysings, afhangende van hul gebruiksfrekwensie: lemmas wat meer dikwels gebruik word, behoort 'n volle leksikografiese behandeling te kry: die wat minder dikwels gebruik word, kan dan 'n gedeeltelike behandeling kry. Die wyse waarop selfstandige naamwoorde behandel word, verminder ook die verwysingskwaliteit van die woordeboek. Die enkelvoudvorme van selfstandige naamwoorde word gelemmatiseer, maar nie die meervoudvorme nie. Die weglaat van die meervoudvorme van selfstandige naamwoorde in hierdie woordeboeke benadeel die onervare gebruiker, veral in die lig van die feit dat sommige meervoudvorme meer dikwels gebruik word as die enkelvoudvorme. Deur meervoudvorme sowel as enkelvoudvorme te lemmatiseer, sal die waarde en nuttigheid van die woordeboek verhoog word. Voorts is daar sekere subleksikale leksikale items wat deel is van die Setswana leksikon, maar wat nie in hierdie woordeboek gelemmatiseer word nie. Sulke subleksikale items behoort gelemmatiseer te word, ten einde erkenning te gee aan hulle status as leksikale items. Die behandeling van infleksie-werkwoorde en "negatiewe" werkwoorde ("deficient verbs") in hierdie woordeboek is gebrekkig. Instede van semantiese informasie te verskaf, word slegs die afleidingsproses aangetoon. Die gebrekkige behandeling van hierdie leksikale items veroorsaak dat sekere betekenisse van die lemmas weggelaat word - betekenisse wat vir die gebruiker van die woordeboek relevant mag wees. Indien die voorgestelde strategiee in die behandeling van die leksikale items toegepas word, en meer leksikografiese inligting verskaf word, sal die woordeboek meer gebruikersvriendelik word. Dit sal ook van groter nut en waarde vir die gebruiker wees.

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Jonas, Mu-arfia. "Land restitution and the implementation : A study of the Schmidtsdrift land restitution case." UWC, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7455.

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Masters of Commerce
In South Africa land dispossession and land appropriation were legally instituted with the promulgation of the 1913 and 1936 Land Acts and the 1950 Group Areas Act that saw the forced removal of the majority of Black South Africans from their homes and livelihoods. This policy of racial segregation left in its wake countless examples of families and entire communities being uprooted and forced to eke out an existence on land that often had no or little potential for development. The Tswana people who resided on the farm Schmidtsdrift in the Northern Cape is an example of a community that was forced to relocate to a barren piece of land called Kuruman about 140km from Schmidtsdrift. In 1994 with South Africa’s first democratic elections, a number of policy changes were affected that sought to undo the injustice of the past. The Land reform programme initiated by the government provided the Tswana people an opportunity to reclaim their land under the Land Restitiition Act o2 of 1994. The new policy changes were certainly far reaching in addressing the legacy of landlessness but it became clear four years after the initiation of the programme that serious delays with regard to the finalisation of the claims were being experienced. By 1998 only 9 claims of the 26 000 claims lodged with the Commission on the Restitution of Land Claims were finalised. One of the claims that were still awaiting finalisation at this stage was the Schmidtsdrift claim lodged by the Tswana community in November 1996. It is within this landscape of challenges faced by the land restitution process that this research report examined the obstacles, specifically: from 1996 to 1998, experienced by the Schmidtsdrift Restitution Case with regard to the settlement of their claim.

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Pacchiarotti, Sara. "BANTU APPLICATIVE CONSTRUCTION TYPES INVOLVING *-ID: FORM, FUNCTIONS AND DIACHRONY." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23151.

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This dissertation first addresses various shortcomings in definitions of “applicative” when compared to what is actually found across languages. It then proposes a four-way distinction among applicative constructions, relevant at least to Bantu, a large family of languages spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa. Because of the gradual nature of historical change, differences among construction types may be somewhat graded. In what are called Type A applicative constructions, the applicative morpheme expands the argument structure of its root by introducing an obligatorily present applied phrase. This expansion might result, but need not, in increased syntactic valence of the derived verb stem. Type A includes cases where the applicative on a lexicalized applicative stem still has the ability to introduce an applied phrase. In Type B applicative constructions, the applicative expands the argument structure of its root by introducing an obligatorily present applied phrase and performs other semantic/pragmatic functions on the applied phrase or on the whole clause (e.g. the applied phrase becomes the narrow-focused constituent in the clause). As in Type A, syntactic valence might be increased, but need not be. In Type C applicative constructions, the applicative does not introduce an applied phrase. Instead, it provides semantic nuances to the lexical meaning of its root (e.g. the action described by the root is performed to completion, repetitively, in excess, etc.). Unlike Type A and Type B, Type C constructions are not fully productive and may undergo lexicalization. Fourthly, in Pseudo-applicative constructions, the applicative morpheme found on a lexicalized stem does not introduce an applied phrase and does not perform semantic and/or pragmatic functions described for Type B and Type C. Because the last type, especially, has not been acknowledged in prior literature, the dissertation presents a historically informed case study of 78 pseudo-applicative forms in Tswana (S31), a southern Bantu language spoken in Botswana and South Africa. Finally, this study argues that both the synchronic functions of the Bantu applicative suffix *-ɪd and the lexicalization paths emerging from the study of Tswana pseudo-applicative forms support an original Location/Goal function of *-ɪd in Proto-Bantu, rather than an original Beneficiary function.

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Schaffler, Deborah. "The identification of spelling difficulties of learners in the foundation phase with Tswana as medium of instruction / Deborah Schaffler." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1300.

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This study links with the White Paper 6 on learners with special educational needs. which requires public schools to accommodate learners with diverse needs, as far as possible in inclusive education. The success of the inclusive education depends on the ability of educators to identify and support barriers to learning, for which they will have to be trained. Such in-service training will be aimed at the identification of barriers to learning or learners with diverse learning needs, specifically in the Foundation Phase. The purpose of this study was to determine what knowledge Foundation Phase educators possess in the identification of spelling difficulties experienced by learners with Tswana as medium of instruction, but for whom Tswana mostly is a first additional language. The literature study was therefore focussed on language learning, spelling difficulties in an additional language, and assessment in the Foundation Phase. The empirical research included a sample of teachers in the Foundation Phase in the North-West Province, regarding their identification of spelling difficulties in a first additional language. The empirical data were accumulated by means of an openended questionnaire, which was qualitatively analysed in terms of the teachers' knowledge of and skill in the identification and support of spelling difficulties in an additional language, in a classroom with Tswana as medium of instruction. The results indicated that the spelling difficulties they experience are the same as other learners who experience spelling difficulties in an additional language. The results also indicate that the educators lack sufficient knowledge and skills with regard to the identification and support of spelling difficulties. In-service training for Foundation Phase educators in the identification of spelling difficulties and the support thereof is a necessity.
Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007

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35

Tshitswana, Dintle. "Tswana Cultural Beliefs and Practices – Implications for Methods of Care for AIDS Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children in Botswana." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1082143462.

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Austin, Petra. "Die Menslike Immunogebreksvirus (MIV) en die geslagsrolle van die Noord-Sotho/Tswana - sprekende vrou in die Limpopo Provinsie (Afrikaans)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30913.

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AFRIKAANS: In hierdie studie is daar gelet op MIV en VIGS en die geslagsrolle van die Noord-Sotho/Tswana-sprekende vrou in die Limpopo Provinsie. Daar is spesifiek gefokus op watter MIV- en VIGS-verbandhoudende risiko’s voorkom rondom die geslagsrolle van die Noord-Sotho/Tswana-sprekende vrou in die Limpopo Provinsie. Sewe relevante geslagsrolle van die vrou is geïdentifiseer vir ondersoek, en het die vrou as individuelewese, seksuelewese, huweliksmaat, moeder, versorger, enkelouer en broodwinner ingesluit. Verbandhoudende aspekte van hierdie rolle is ook ondersoek en het mishandeling van die vrou, die vrou se opvoeding, geloof, kultuur, gesondheid, geslag en spesifieke beradingsbehoeftes ingesluit. Waar geslag ‘n sosiale- en kulturelestruktuur is en ook kultuur-spesifiek is, was dit van belang om die vrou se geslagsrolle en die verbandhoudende aspekte daarvan binne die vrou se relevante kulturelekonteks te ondersoek. Die navorsingsmetodologie vir hierdie studie is duidelik omskryf en uiteengesit, waarna verskeie literatuurhoofstukke volg. Die literatuurhoofstukke fokus op MIV en VIGS as medieseverskynsel en die beradingsaspekte wat daarmee verband hou. In die literatuurhoofstukke is daar ook gelet op die Afrika-kultuur en geslagsrolvorming, waarna die sewe geslagsrolle van die vrou en die verbandhoudende aspekte daarvan bespreek is. Die literatuurhoofstukke voorsien die nodige agtergrond wat aanduidend is van spesifieke MIV-risiko’s wat deur Afrika-vroue in hul geslagsrolle beleef word. Navorsingsbevindings vir hierdie kwalitatiewe studie is met behulp van tabelle voorgestel wat volledig bespreek is, ten einde te bepaal watter spesifieke MIV-risiko’s deur Noord-Sotho/Tswana-sprekende vroue in die Limpopo Provinsie beleef word. Navorsingsbevindings vir hierdie kwalitatiewe studie is met behulp van tabelle voorgestel wat volledig bespreek is, ten einde te bepaal watter spesifieke MIV-risiko’s deur Noord-Sotho/Tswana-sprekende vroue in die Limpopo Provinsie beleef word. Hierdie bevindings het getoon dat Noord-Sotho/Tswana-sprekende vroue in die Limpopo Provinsie veral kwesbaar is vir MIV waar hierdie vroue ‘n tekort aan mag het om te onderhandel vir veilige seksuele-omgang en kondoomgebruik. ‘n Raamwerk vir kultuursensitiewe MIV- en VIGS-berading is ontwikkel, en bestaan uit inligting bekom vanuit die empiriese ondersoek, praktykervaring asook die navorser se kennis van relevante literatuur. Die raamwerk vir kultuursensitiewe MIV- en VIGS-berading is op wyses aangebied wat as gepas beskou word vir die spesifieke probleme of behoeftes van die vrou, en bestaan uit afmerklyste, kolomme en gevallestudies. Die raamwerk is ook saamgestel sodat dit deur die maatskaplike werker, MIV-berader en ander lede van die multidissiplinêrespan benut kan word tydens hulpverlening aan MIV-positiewe Noord-Sotho/Tswana-sprekende vroue. Ten slotte is ‘n algemene samevatting, gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings gemaak na aanleiding van relevante bevindings vanuit die studie. Die navorsingsvraag vir hierdie studie in geheel is beantwoord deurdat die empiriese ondersoek sowel as die raamwerk vir kultuursensitiewe MIV- en VIGS-berading, die MIV- en VIGS-verbandhoudende risiko’s rondom die geslagsrolle van die Noord-Sotho/Tswanasprekende MIV-positiewe vrou in die Limpopo Provinsie duidelik geïdentifiseer en logies gegroepeer het, en gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings gebied het. Hierdie studie het getoon dat elk van die vrou se sewe geslagsrolle, asook die verbandhoudende aspekte daarvan, verband hou met spesifieke MIV-risiko’s wat op fisiologiesesosiale-, psigologiese-, ekonomiese- en kulturele vlak beleef word deur Noord-Sotho/Tswana-sprekende vroue in die Limpopo Provinsie. ENGLISH: This study considered HIV and AIDS and the gender roles of Northern Sotho/Tswana speaking women in the Limpopo Province. Specific focus was placed on HIV and AIDS related risks surrounding the gender roles of Northern Sotho/Tswana speaking women in the Limpopo Province. Seven relevant gender roles were identified for investigation; these include women as individual beings, sexual beings, wives, mothers, caregivers, single parents and breadwinners. Related aspects of these roles were also investigated and include the abuse of women, education, religion, culture, health, gender and specific counselling needs. It was of importance to examine gender roles and the related aspects in the woman’s relevant cultural context since gender is seen as a social and cultural construct and is also culture-specific. The research methodology for this study was clearly defined and outlined. The literature chapters focussed on HIV and AIDS as medical phenomenon and related counselling aspects. The literature chapters also considered the African culture and gender role development, the seven gender roles of women and aspects related to these. The literature chapters provided the necessary background which is indicative of the specific HIV risks which are experienced by African women in their gender roles. Research findings for this qualitative study were presented using tables which were fully discussed in the study in order to determine the specific HIV risks experienced by Northern Sotho/Tswana speaking women in the Limpopo province. These findings showed that Northern Sotho/Tswana speaking women in the Limpopo Province are particularly vulnerable to HIV as these women experience a lack of power to negotiate for safe sex and condom use. A framework for culturally sensitive HIV and AIDS counselling was developed and consists of information obtained from the empirical investigation, practical experience and the researcher’s knowledge of relevant literature. The framework for culturally sensitive HIV and AIDS counselling was presented in a manner which is suited to the specific problems and needs of these women and consists of tick-mark lists, columns and case studies. The framework was also compiled in such a manner that it may be utilised by the social worker, HIV counsellor and other members of the multidisciplinary team during the counselling of HIV positive Northern Sotho/Tswana speaking women. A general summary, conclusions and recommendations were finally made following the relevant findings of the study. The research question for this study was fully answered in that the empirical investigation as well as the framework for culturally sensitive HIV and AIDS counselling identified, logically grouped and made conclusions and recommendations about the HIV and AIDS related risks surrounding the gender roles of Northern Sotho/Tswana speaking women in the Limpopo Province. This study showed that each of the seven gender roles of women as well as the related aspects of these roles are associated with specific HIV risks which are experienced on a physiological, social, psychological, economical and cultural level by Northern Sotho/Tswana speaking women in the Limpopo Province.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Social Work and Criminology
PhD
Unrestricted

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Malunga-Payet, Nozibonela. "Les actes de langage menaçants en contexte français et tswana : le cas des actes reprocher, blâmer, accuser et insulter." Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=2683428d-62d5-4136-8884-5433977b72e2.

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Le but de ce travail de thèse est de faire une analyse sémantico-cognitive des quatre actes de langage REPROCHER, BLAMER, ACCUSER et INSULTER ainsi que leurs réalisations dans le discours en français et en tswana. Nous faisons quatre types d’analyse comparative. La première analyse porte sur la signification lexicale des verbes qui désignent les actes de langage étudiés. Pour cela nous nous appuyons sur le modèle théorique de la Sémantique des Possibles argumentatifs (SPA). Nous adoptons aussi l’approche modale de la SPA pour faire une deuxième analyse des valeurs modales inscrites dans les noyau et stéréotypes des unités lexicales. Ces valeurs modales sont mobilisées dans les déploiements discursifs d’un acte de langage. Notre troisième analyse des représentations conceptuelles s’appuie sur la théorie des modèles cognitifs idéalisés (MCI). Nous terminons par une analyse des réalisations linguistiques des actes de langage. Nous partons de l’hypothèse que la signification lexicale ou la conceptualisation de chaque verbe dans une culture donnée peut se manifester par des stratégies différentes de réalisation de l’acte et par la mobilisation des attitudes modales présentes dans la signification lexicale. La dimension culturelle des actes de langage justifie une étude contrastive et son application dans l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues étrangères. L’une des perspectives de recherche d’après ce travail de thèse sera mise en évidence par l’analyse des réalisations linguistiques de l’acte d’insulte en français chez les locuteurs non natifs. Nous essayons de montrer de façon générale que les réalisations linguistiques des apprenants d’une langue étrangère montrent une influence de la conceptualisation de l’acte dans la langue de départ
The aim of this thesis is to make a semantic and cognitive analysis of four speech acts, namely the speech acts of REPROACHING, BLAMING, ACCUSING and INSULTING as well as their performance in French and Tswana. We make four kinds of comparative analysis. The first analysis concerns the lexical meaning of verbs that refer to the speech acts studied. For this we use the theory model of the Semantics of Argumentative Possibilities (SPA). We also use the modal approach of the SPA to make a second analysis of modal values present in the core and stereotypes of lexical units. These modal values are mobilised in the discursive deployment of a speech act. For our third analysis of conceptual representations we use the theoretic model of idealised cognitive models (ICMs). We finish by an analysis of speech act performance patterns. We start by a general assumption that the meaning or the conceptualisation of each verb in a given culture can manifest by different strategies of performance of the speech act and by the mobilisation of modal attitudes that are present in its lexical meaning. The cultural dimension of speech acts justifies a contrastive study and its application in the teaching and learning of foreign languages. One of our research perspectives after this thesis will show itself by a brief analysis of French non-natives’ performance of the speech act of insulting in French. We try to show in a general way that foreign learners’ speech act performances show influence by the mother tongue

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Letsie, Maserame Maria. "Recent developments in Tswana literature : a narratological study of short stories of B.D. Magoleng and S.A. Moroke / Maserame Maria Letsie." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1004.

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In this thesis some trends in Setswana literature of the past 50 years are described and analysed. Through the analyses of selected short stories by Moroke and Magoleng, thematic and stylistic aspects are discussed. The central problem, the aims and objectives are outlined and motivated in the first chapter. In chapter two, the historical background of Setswana as a language, the structure of traditional oral literature in Setswana as well as modern written Setswana literature are examined. Chapter three outlines a number of theoretical concepts from contemporary narratology. For example, analyses of the following short stories, such as, "O potile noga ka fa mosimeng", "Ga a le ka la tewa" and "Khutsana" are done using the basic narratological theoretical framework as it is described and used by Du Plooy (1986 & 1991), Bal (1981 & 1985), Rimmon-Kenan (1983) and Genette (1980). A narratological analysis is based on the text level of the stories. Chapters four and five explore the detailed narratological analyses of the four stories by Moroke, namely, "Mhalatsl', "Ramonamane le baesekele", "Mma, boammaarure bo tla mpoloka" and "Ntwa magareng ga makau le makgarebe" and Magoleng's four stories namely; "Mokaragana, ngwanaka", "Ga le a ka la tswa", "Ke mosadi", and "Dikeledi". In these stories, temporal relations such as sequence, rhythm, frequency, characterization, space, focalization and various aspects of narration are analysed. This is mostly done in accordance with Du Plooy's narratological model (1986:342- 372). The characteristics of Moroke and Magoleng's short stories such as structure, style and theme are presented. Long before the development of a written language, people had been telling stories. The oral heritage continues to nourish the written literatures, especially as regards world-view, subject matter, theme, structure, style and devices for character delineation. For instance, Moroke uses the behavioural attitudes of his characters to enhance the didactic elements. In his work, nothing from outside is used for the titles. The abundant use of Biblical references clearly reflects his feelings, while Magoleng treats various themes such as tradition and culture, love and marriage, urban life and social problems. His style highlights the magnitude of certain issues to express his worldviews. As to the present, oral art now coexists with written literature and has opened new fields of scholarly interest, one of which is the oral-written interface. The forerunners of creative literature in Setswana are undoubtedly the translations done by the missionaries and those by a Motswana, Sol T. Plaatje. In chapter six, cultural identity is explored. An exposition of Hofstede's theory is given and then the focus is shifted to cultural issues in the stories by Moroke and Magoleng. It is clear that the cultural background determines the stories and knowledge of the cultural content, beliefs and traditions of Batswana people. It is necessary to understand the stories and some examples by Moroke and Magoleng are discussed. In Setswana literature naming is a crucial stage in man's capacity for symbol formation. Traditionally, names take on special significance beyond the expression of identity. In Batswana communities, names that are given to children symbolize their cultural identities. Witchcraft is associated with darkness or evil. One of the dominant features of Batswana society is respect for gifts. It is not only the uncles who give gifts; the relatives and families also give gifts, even if these may be materially smaller than those of the uncles. It is concluded that Moroke and Magoleng's short stories portray significant developments in Setswana literature, and fully warrant analysis and investigation.
Thesis (Ph.D. (African Languages))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003.

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Kgengwenyane, Tshwanelo Yvonne. "Food-based dietary guidelines as nutrition education tool : a study among Tswana women in the North West Province / Tshwanelo Kgengwenyane." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1192.

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BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) has been developed in South Africa as a consistent communication tool to represent agreement on how diet-related public health problems should be addressed. The guidelines demonstrate the striving towards equity in diet and health and the purpose is to optimise nutritional status in both disadvantaged and affluent communities. AIM The overall aim of the study was: To improve nutritional knowledge and practices by teaching rural, urban formal, urban informal and farm women of the Rustenburg area in the North-West Province using the food-based dietary guidelines. The more specific aims were: To assess the effectiveness of the South African Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) as a nutrition education tool using focus group methodology. To identify constraints in understanding and implementing Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). METHOD The focus groups were held with recruited Tswana women from the Rustenburg area in the North-West Province. The population was classified in four (4) strata namely: Group 1 -- Rural Group 2 -- Urban Formal Group 3 -- Urban Informal Group 4 -- Farm The nutrition education focused on the eleven (11) Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). Training aids such as food pictures used. A questionnaire was completed as a baseline before the intervention and was repeated three (3) weeks after the intervention. The questionnaire was translated into the Tswana language. The evaluation was based on what they knew and their practices before the intervention as well as on what they remembered and whether they had been implementing the recommended steps afterwards (knowledge test and practices). Difficulties in implementing or reasons for not implementing the suggested steps were also reflected in the responses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The conclusion reached after the intervention was that the different groups interpreted the messages carried by food-based dietary guidelines differently. Some groups reflected an increase in knowledge of a guideline as tested by the knowledge questionnaire and confirmed by the FBDG focus group discussions, while other groups reflected no change in knowledge for the same guideline. This was influenced by different circumstances such as preferences per individual and household, affordability and availability of food as well as prior knowledge. Lack of money was identified as a constraint that had an adverse effect on the implementation of the guidelines. In general the majority of the focus group participants understood the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded from this study that it is possible to make use of these Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) as nutrition education tool with success, if barriers to applicability, such as affordability of food, are incorporated in understanding these guidelines.
Thesis (M. Consumer Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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Fryer, Martha Maria. "Identification of spelling difficulties of the first additional language of grade three learners with Tswana as medium of instruction / M.M. Fryer." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1594.

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Nkhasi, Mamakomoreng Exinia. "Sotho/Tswana stone-wall settlements : investigating the nature of aggregation and variability in late iron age settlements in the Vredefort Dome : a geographic information systems application." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4179.

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The Vredefort Dome is a meteorite impact site (S26°51'36", E27°15'36") approximately 120km south-west of Johannesburg and about 300km north-east of Bloemfontein. It is one of South Africa's eight World Heritage Sites and straddles both North West and Free State provinces. Apart from its remarkable geology, the Vredefort Dome also has great faunal and floral biodiversity, as well as a wealth of cultural heritage. The Late Iron Age stone-walled settlements built by Sothoffswana speakers form part of this rich cultural heritage, and it is these that are under investigation in this study. Previous archaeological survey and research has shown that Sotho/Tswana speaking peoples densely populated this area during Late Iron Age (from 1400 -1800 AD). While settlement survey has identified three stone-wall settlement types (Group I, Group II and Group III) in the Vredefort Dome, this previous survey had been limited in extent. This research used aerial photographs to survey the whole Vredefort Dome and thereby expanded the sample. This research has focused mainly on the two dominant settlement types, namely Group I and Group II. This work has allowed a more detailed description of settlement preferences and an understanding of site location in relation to biophysical factors such as geology, topography and veld types. Additionally, it has been possible to identify relatively discrete clusters of settlements and through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), homesteads and cattle enclosures have been mapped and measured. The extent of homestead aggregation has also been measured and with this data, comparisons between settlements within clusters have been assessed in relation to possible political and social hierarchies. It is concluded that among Group I settlements and using some appropriate ethnography, there is no obvious settlement hierarchy. In the case of Group II settlement, larger aggregations represent the defensive response to the conditions of the early 19th century difaqane. While these must be underpinned by more centralised political control, on the basis of cattle enclosure and homestead sizes, central authority is not obvious. In contrast, these aggregations are briefly compared with the large Western Tswana towns, where political centralisation can be more easily identified. This research is organized in five chapters: Chapter one introduces the background literature review which has influenced my research interest, and outlines the methodology followed in obtaining relevant data. The outline and discussions of the results are represented in chapter two, exploring is the distribution of different stone-walled sites within the ecological and biophysical context. Chapters three and four closely examine the distribution and locality of specific stone-wall settlement patterns, Group I and Group II respectively. And lastly chapter five represents the concluding discussion.

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Magogwe, Joel M. "Language attitudes in relation to language functions: An investigation of the attitudes of the Botswana Cambridge 'O' Level Senior Certificate (COSC) students." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1995. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1181.

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This research study attempts to assess the language attitudes among Botswana Cambridge '0' level Senior Certificate (COSC) students in relation to the official functions of Setswana and English. The study assumes that: (1) there is a general positive attitude towards English and Setswana and that allows for bilingualism; (2) the students are instrumentally motivated to learn English because of the socio-economic gains associated with it; (3) the students are integratively motivated symbol of nationhood to learn Setswana because Setswana is a and attitudes among L2 learners political independence; (4) in Botswana arc influenced language by the functions the language is perceived to perform at least as much as by the identification of the learners with the speakers. Subjects' attitudes were evaluated using a questionnaire in which some statements of social and political attitudes were included since they have direct influence on language. The subjects consisted of 240 Form V students randomly selected from four different senior secondary government schools. Four other Form V subjects were interviewed from the fifth government senior secondary school. The schools were randomly selected from urban and rural areas within Botswana. In addition, two lecturers from University of Botswana were interviewed.

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Monakisi, Charlotte M. "Knowledge and use of traditional medicinal plants by the Setswana-speaking community of Kimberley, Northern Cape of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18589.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The majority of South Africans still depend on the use of traditional remedies, as these are sometimes the only types of health care systems available, especially within rural communities. South Africa comprises approximately 400 000 traditional healers and an estimated 60 to 80% of individuals consulting such traditional healers. As a result, the over-harvesting of many traditional medicinal plants has become a threat to the country’s species diversity and has resulted in the scarcity of certain medicinal plant species. The non-sustainable use of traditional medicinal plants stems from their intense harvesting from the wild to supply the high demands from urban and rural markets. As a result of the escalating population growth rate; high rural unemployment; and fundamental value attached to traditional medicinal plants (socio-economic factors), the national and regional trade of traditional medicines is currently higher than it has ever been. Another reason for the increased threat to traditional medicinal plants is the degradation and weakening of customary laws that have previously regulated such resources. This study focuses on the use of traditional medicinal plants by the Setswana-speaking community for self-medication and as a form of primary health care. Research was conducted in Kimberley, Northern Cape of South Africa and focuses on the issue of the sustainability of medicinal plant use in the area, specifically on use and users as well as the acquisition of material sold by a single trader and harvesting techniques. This is to determine whether harvesting of medicinal plants is a potential threat to plant communities in the area. To address the shortcomings of medicinal anthropology the study also investigates the impacts of relocation and resettlement of various communities in the area, on plant use, methods of collection, the sustainability of the natural resource, as well as the transmission of Setswana indigenous knowledge inter-generationally. most abundant under high disturbances. Certain species reacted positively to disturbance and were most abundant in disturbed habitats. These included Elephantorrhiza elephantina and a Helichrysum sp. To minimise destructive harvesting in the Kimberley area and to ensure the sustainable harvesting of plant material, it is important that local harvesters are educated on proper harvesting techniques and that local gatherers are educated on sustainability issues as well as other ecologically fundamental issues.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die meeste Suid-Afrikaners is steeds afhanklik van tradisionele geneesmiddels aangesien dit soms, veral in landelike gemeenskappe, die enigste beskikbare gesondheidsorg is. Suid-Afrika het sowat 400 000 tradisionele geneeshere wat deur ’n geraamde 60% tot 80% van individue geraadpleeg word. As gevolg hiervan hou die oorontginning van talle tradisionele medisinale-planthulpbronne ’n bedreiging vir die land se spesiediversiteit in en het dit reeds tot ’n skaarste aan sekere medisinale plante gelei. Tradisionele medisinale plante word tans nievolhoubaar aangewend aangesien dit op groot skaal in die veld geoes word om in die groot vraag van stedelike en landelike markte te voorsien. As gevolg van die stygende bevolkingsgroeikoers, hoë landelike werkloosheidsyfer en die grondliggende waarde wat aan tradisionele medisinale plante geheg word (sosio-ekonomiese faktore), is die nasionale en streekhandel in tradisionele geneesmiddels tans groter as ooit tevore. Nog ’n rede vir die toenemende bedreiging van tradisionele medisinale plante is die verslapping en versagting van gewoonteregwetgewing wat voorheen sodanige hulpbronne gereguleer het. Hierdie studie fokus op die gebruik van tradisionele medisinale plante deur die Setswanagemeenskap vir selfbehandeling en as ’n vorm van primêre gesondheidsorg. Die navorsing vir die studie is in Kimberley in die Noord-Kaapprovinsie van Suid-Afrika gedoen en fokus op die kwessie van volhoubare medisinale-plantgebruik in die gebied, met bepaalde klem op gebruik en gebruikers, die verkryging van middels wat deur ’n enkele handelaar verkoop word, en oestegnieke. Die doel van die navorsing was om te bepaal of die oes van medisinale plante ’n moontlike bedreiging vir plantgemeenskappe in die gebied inhou. Om die tekortkominge van medisinale antropologie aan te pak, ondersoek die studie ook die uitwerking van die verskuiwing en hervestiging van verskeie gemeenskappe in die gebied op plantgebruik, oesmetodes, die volhoubaarheid van die natuurlike hulpbronne, asook die oordrag van inheemse Setswana-kennis oor geslagte heen. Selfbehandeling en die gebruik van tradisionele medisinale plante speel steeds ’n groot rol in Kimberley, aangesien die meeste van die individue wat aan die navorsing deelgeneem het steeds tradisionele geneesmiddels as deel van hulle kultuur en tradisie gebruik. Daar word in ’n uiteenlopende verskeidenheid plantmateriaal handel gedryf. Hoewel sommige van die middels plaaslik ingesamel word, word die meeste van ander dele van die land, en in party gevalle van buurlande soos Lesotho en Swaziland, ingevoer. Hoewel die meeste van die materiaal dus nie plaaslik ingesamel word en dus nie bepaald op hierdie studie betrekking het nie, is dit steeds aanduidend van oes- en volhoubaarheidskwessies in ander dele van die land. Die kruiekenner dryf in sewentig tradisionele medisinale-plantsoorte handel, waarvan party beskermd en erg bedreig is, waaronder Prunus africana en Warburgia salutaris wat slegs in beskermde gebiede in die land voorkom. Prunus africana is ’n gelyste spesie in CITES, aanhangsel 2. Ander bedreigde spesies sluit Ocotea bullata, Bersama lucens, Curtisia dentata en ’n Eugenia-spesie in. Die meeste van die plante wat (in Kimberley) geoes word, is in die vorm van ondergrondse bergingsorgane (uitlopers en bolle). Hoewel hierdie plante van stingelskade en die skade aan ondergrondse bergingsorgane kan herstel, vat hulle swak pos indien hulle oorgebruik en oorontgin word, en kan hulle dus mettertyd al hoe minder voorkom. In hierdie studie word die mettertydse afname in plantbevolkings deur die toename in reisafstande na insamelingspunte aangetoon. Hierdie tendens is egter nie in die handelsprys en -materiaalhoeveelhede oor die afgelope eeu weerspieël nie. Die meeste van die studiedeelnemers het bevestig dat die prys en hoeveelheid van die handelsmateriaal deurentyd betreklik stabiel gebly het. Van die teikenspesies wat vir kwesbaarheid of sensitiwiteit vir ontwrigting ondersoek is, het Withania somnifera, Boophane disticha, Dicoma anomala en Bulbine natalensis die laagste oorlewingspotensiaal en die hoogste ontwrigtingsensitiwiteit getoon. Die meeste van hierdie spesies het in baie klein hoeveelhede op die gekose terreine voorgekom. In die geval van Withania somnifera kon die negatiewe resultate egter met die laereënvalseisoen gedurende daardie betrokke jaar in verband gebring word. Hierdie spesie word oor die algemeen as ’n onkruid in ontwrigte gebiede geklassifiseer en kom meestal onder erg ontwrigte toestande voor. Sekere spesies, soos Elephantorrhiza elephantina en ’n Helichrysum-spesie, het positief op ontwrigting gereageer en het volop in ontwrigte habitatte voorgekom. Om vernietigende oestery in die Kimberley-omgewing te minimaliseer en die volhoubare ontginning van planthulpbronne te verseker, is dit belangrik dat plaaslike plukkers in gepaste oestegnieke, en plaaslike insamelaars oor volhoubaarheidskwessies en ander ekologies belangrike sake opgelei word.

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Legwaila, Karabo. "Thokolosi /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/8015.

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Sebate, P. M. (Phaladi Moses) 1956. "The Tswana short story :." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17704.

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Shole, Dikeledi Mavis. "Cohesion in a Tswana narrative text." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/152.

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As the title indicates, this study COHESION IN A TSWANA NARRATIVE TEXT aims at examining the occurrence of cohesion in a selected Tswana text. The study comprises eight chapters. The introductory chapter outlines the aim of the study, the method of research, the division of chapters, and further provides an explanation of key concepts, namely cohesion and coherence. Cohesion refers to the flowing together of ideas in a text thus adding to its coherence. Coherence is referred to as a mental phenomenon, something the reader establishes or wishes to establish. The five different types of cohesion as classified by Halliday (1994) (for English) are reference, ellipsis, substitution, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Each of these cohesive ties has different categories. The aim is to establish how applicable they are to Tswana. These ties operate in different ways i.e. anaphorically, cataphorically and/or exophorically. These forms are concerned with the direction in the text. Ties that operate anaphorically point backwards to what precedes the text; those that operate cataphorically point to what is to follow and ties that operate exophorically point to that which is outside the text. They also reflect on the distance in terms of number of sentences or clauses between the cohesive item and the item it refers to. The examples are taken from Tswana text Dilo di Masoke by Monyaise (1991). The general findings and overview of the research are outlined in the concluding chapter.
Dr. J.H.M. Kock

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47

Nong, Nthona Betty. "Some syntactical patterns of Tswana riddles." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14464.

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48

Le, Roux J. C. "A grammatical analysis of the Tswana adverbial." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1609.

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Adverbial constructions are a problematic subject in Tswana grammatical studies. Traditionally termed descriptives, it is not clear what the defining features of this category are. It is also a very vast category. There seems to be many different structures functioning as adverbials in Tswana, including particles, words, prepositional phrases and clauses. Tswana grammars in general often have little to say about the syntax of adverbials, in respect of, for instance, the propensity of Tswana adverbials for multiple occurrences in the same clause and the range of possible positions of Tswana adverbials in clause structure. Because of the vastness of the adverbial category we only deal with adverbials as elements of clause structure. A typical feature of adverbials is the considerable mobility they enjoy in relation to other elements in clause structure which affects their grammatical and semantic status in relation to such elements. By distinguishing different categories of adverbials, in clause structure it becomes clear that the same structural element may function within different adverbial categories. This necessitates a definition of adverbials which is based on their specific semantic functions within clause structure. The study is divided into five chapters. When dealing with the adverbial as a clause element in Tswana, we realise that it is not sufficiently described. The first two chapters therefore serve as an introduction to central theoretical issues where some relevant research is critically examined and related to the present study. In the next chapter, that is Chapter 3, we establish formal and semantic frameworks for the classification and descriptive treatment of adverbials in Tswana. In Chapter 4 we implement the structural, syntactic and semantic properties as well as the features adverbials have as modifiers to make a functional classification of adverbials in clause structure. The classification of adverbials as adjuncts, subjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts from A Comprehensive grammar of the English language by Quirk, et al. (1985) (CGEL) is taken as the basis for this classification. Chapter 5 presents the overall conclusions and implications of the study.
African Languages
D.litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

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"Grammatical description in Setswana : an overview." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14702.

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M.A. (African languages)
The aim of this study is to give an overview of Setswana grammatical description since 1837 when the first Setswana grammar was published by James Archbell. This study will investigate the various approaches used by linguists to describe Setswana grammar, and the word classes that resulted from these approaches. This thesis will only focus on published grammar books and school handbooks ...

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Selwane, Mmakgomo Hilda. "Negation in Setswana." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11799.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tswana'

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