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Journal articles on the topic 'Tube bending; rotary draw bending; bending parameters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Zhao, Gang Yao, Yu Li Liu, and He Yang. "Numerical Simulation on Influence of Clearance and Friction on Wrinkling in Bending of Aluminum Alloy Rectangular Tubes." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.833.

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The clearance and friction have large influence on wrinkling in rotary draw bending process of thin-walled rectangular tube. In this paper, a three-dimension Al FEM model of rotary draw bending of thin-walled rectangular tube is built under the ABAQUS/ Explicit environment. Based on the model, simulation and analysis of rotary draw bending for aluminum alloy 3A21 thin-walled rectangular tube have been carried out. The results show that the height of wrinkling wave decreases obviously with the decrease of the clearance between mandrel and tube or with the increase of the friction coefficient between wiper die and tube; however, the effect of friction coefficient on wrinkling becomes weaker while increasing the clearance between mandrel and tube. The achievements of this study provide a guideline for determining the process parameters for thin-walled rectangular tube in rotary draw bending process.

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2

Safdarian, R. "Experimental and numerical investigation of wrinkling and tube ovality in the rotary draw bending process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 16 (May 19, 2019): 5568–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219850857.

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The tube wrinkling, ovality, and fracture are the main defects in the rotary draw bending process, which happen by incorrect selection of process parameters. In the present study, the wrinkling, fracture, and ovality of BS 3059 steel tube in the rotary draw bending were investigated using the experimental tests and the finite element method. The numerical results were verified using the experimental tests for tube ovality prediction. The tube fracture was predicted using the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman damage model in the rotary draw bending numerical simulations. The design of experiment based on the response surface method and the finite element method was used to investigate the effects of rotary draw bending parameters such as boosting velocity of pressure die, mandrel position, number of balls, and pressure of pressure die on the wrinkling, fracture, and tube ovality. The experimental and numerical results indicated that the mandrel position was one of the main parameters, which influence the tube ovality. The tube ovality and wrinkling increased with the increase in the mandrel position.

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3

Lăzărescu, L. "Numerical and experimental study on rotary draw bending of aluminium alloy tubes." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.2.2011.1.5.

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Abstract In this paper a 3D finite element model of the bending process for circular aluminium alloy tube has been built using the explicit code eta/Dynaform and validated by comparing the experiments. The experiments were carried out by using a hand bender with the same bending principle as a rotary draw numerical controlled (NC) bender. The relationship between quality parameters of bent tubes, in terms of cross-section distortion and wall thinning, and the angular position along the bent tube is discussed experimentally in combination with FE simulation. Then, the effects of bending radius (R) are investigated using simulation of the bending process based on the finite element model. The results show that with the increase of bending radius, the cross-section degradation factor (Ψ) and wall thinning degree (ξ) decreases rapidly.

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4

Xing, Zhong Wen, Zhi Wei Xu, Hong Liang Yang, and Cheng Xi Lei. "Numerical Research on High-Strength Rectangular Section Steel Tube in Rotary-Draw Bending." Key Engineering Materials 620 (August 2014): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.417.

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A finite element model of high-strength rectangular section steel tube in rotary-draw bending is established to study the stress and strain in the bending process. Based on control variate method, this paper analyzes the influence laws of three geometric parameters on rotary-draw bending. The results show that bending radius is the most important factor, forming property increases significantly with the increase of bending radius, the trends of cracking and wrinkling are all decreased. The thickness of wall has influence on the strain of inwall, thinner tube may cause crack and wrinkle. Fillet radius has no effect on ektexine, the strain of inwall decreases slightly with the increase of fillet radius.

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5

Zhu, Xia, Keiji Ogi, and Nagatoshi Okabe. "Study on Wrinkles during Rotary-Draw Bending Forming." Materials Science Forum 943 (January 2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.943.43.

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The purpose of this research is to determine the state inside the material using finite-element analysis and to improve the performance of a rotary-draw bending forming by clarifying the mechanism of wrinkle generation. An analytical model of rotational drawing was made by using the general-purpose nonlinear finite-element analysis software MSC Marc, and the analytical results were compared with experimental results to verify the validity of the model. Furthermore, the mechanism of wrinkle generation was investigated. With the progress of processing, wrinkles occur not in the R part but in the original tube-side straight-tube part. The coefficient of friction between the tube material and the R portion of the bending mold promotes the occurrence of wrinkles and the growth of the generated wrinkles. Because wrinkles occur even if the friction coefficient between the tube material and bending mold R part is ignored, the generation condition of wrinkles also depends on parameters other than the friction coefficient.

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6

Lai, Yi Nan, Sheng Le Ren, G. Y. Zhang, and Gang Feng Liu. "Study on Forming Quality Control of Bending Tube in Power Station Boiler." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.409.

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A FEM-numerical simulation system is developed to simulate the process of rotary draw bending of tube. The emphasis is to discuss some factors such as tube materials, bending moment of fan-shaped die, pushing force of sliding slot and tube relative bending radius which have an effect on tube bending quality. The quality parameters of ovality, thinning ratio and thickening ratio are the same as the measurement values in the practical production. Some improved methods are put forward to according to the simulation results. The experiment shows that the simulation system can forecast accurately the deformation in the process of tube bending, so the production manufacturing cost decreases greatly.

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7

Zhao, Gang Yao, Yu Li Liu, Shan Tian, and He Yang. "Side Wrinkling Characteristics in Rotary-Draw Bending Process of Thin-Walled Rectangular 3A21 Tube." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.356.

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Side wrinkling may be produced during rotary-draw bending process of thin-walled rectangular 3A21 aluminum alloy tube if the process parameters are inappropriate. To study the side wrinkling behavior, a three-dimensional finite-element model of the process was developed based on ABAQUS/Explicit code and its reliability was validated by experiment. Then, the side wrinkling characteristics of the tube were investigated. The results show that the side wrinkling wave height in the inner edge of the tube is smaller than that in the out edge of the tube, and the side wrinkling wave height in the neutral layer of the tube is minimal. With the bending process, the side wrinkling wave goes through producing, developing and stabilizing three stages in turn. After bending angle reached 30°, the side wrinkling wave height keeps almost unchanged. Furthermore, the number of the half side wrinkling wave increases evenly.

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8

Safdarian, R., and A. Kord. "Experimental investigation of effective parameters in the tube rotary draw bending process." Materials Research Express 6, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 066531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab0c36.

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9

Ku, Tae-Wan, Jin-Hyun Cha, Yu-Beom Kim, Ok-Gyu Kwak, Won-Seok Kim, and Beom-Soo Kang. "A study on process parameters for cold U-bending of SUS304L heat transfer tube using rotary draw bending." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 27, no. 10 (October 2013): 3053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-013-0825-0.

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10

Sözen, Levent, Mehmet A. Guler, Deniz Bekar, and Erdem Acar. "Investigation and prediction of springback in rotary-draw tube bending process using finite element method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 12 (March 2, 2012): 2967–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212440672.

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Rotary-draw tube bending operation is one of the most universal methods used for the tube forming processes. Similar to the other forming methods, some problems such as wall thinning, cross-section distortion, wrinkling, and springback can also be seen on the tubes formed by rotary-draw bending operations. Springback is a very common problem and its prediction plays a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of the tube bending operations and also to overcome the difficulties in the assembly processes. Tube diameter, wall thickness, bend radius, bend angle, and coefficient of friction can be considered as the most effective parameters that cause the variation of springback magnitude. In this study, not a simple one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis, but a thorough investigation of the springback phenomena involving interactions between the geometrical and mechanical parameters is done and surrogate models are developed via the data obtained from finite element analysis using a multi-purpose explicit and implicit finite element software LS-DYNA to analyze the non-linear response of structures. The constructed surrogate models can be utilized to perform fast prediction of springback for a given combination of parameters. Three different surrogate modeling techniques are exploited and it is found that the linear polynomial response surface approximations can provide acceptable accuracy. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of surrogate models. It is observed that the cross-validation error predictions are close to the errors observed in the experiments.

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11

Chen, Jisheng, Daxin E, and Jingwen Zhang. "Effects of process parameters on wrinkling of thin-walled circular tube under rotary draw bending." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 68, no. 5-8 (April 9, 2013): 1505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4938-5.

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12

Xiao, Yuanhai, Yuli Liu, He Yang, and Jiahai Ren. "Optimization of processing parameters for double-ridged rectangular tube rotary draw bending based on grey relational analysis." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 70, no. 9-12 (November 10, 2013): 2003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5429-4.

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13

Liu, Yu Li, Gang Yao Zhao, Jin Zhang, and He Yang. "Effect of Geometry Parameters on Cross-Sectional Distortion of Thin-Walled Rectangular Tube in Rotary-Draw Bending Process." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2784.

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In rotary-draw bending process of thin-walled rectangular tube, cross-sectional distortion is an unwanted byproduct, which is closely related to geometry parameters. To study the effects of geometry parameters on cross-sectional distortion, a 3-D finite-elements model was built under the ABAQUS/Explicit environment, and its reliability was validated by experiments. Then, simulation and analysis of the influence laws of geometrical parameters on cross-sectional deformation degree were carried out. The results show that increases with the increase of b/h and decreases with the increase of R/h when b/h>1. However, R/h has little influence on δh when b/h≤1. And the influence of b on δh is larger than that of h, and the effect of h on δh is larger than that of R.

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14

Zhao, Gangyao, Yuli Liu, Ranyang Zhang, and He Yang. "Optimal design of process parameters of rotary-draw bending process for thin-walled rectangular tube of aluminum alloy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 228, no. 11 (January 23, 2014): 1442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405413518518.

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15

Zhou, Huifang, Shuyou Zhang, Lemiao Qiu, and Zili Wang. "Springback angle prediction of circular metal tube considering the interference of cross-sectional distortion in mandrel-less rotary draw bending." Science Progress 104, no. 1 (January 2021): 003685042098430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420984303.

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The springback directly affects the forming accuracy and quality of metal bent-tube, and accurate springback prediction is the key to the springback compensation and control. This paper investigates the springback of mandrel-less rotary draw bending (MLRDB) of circular metal tubes, and an innovative method, springback angle prediction considering the interference of cross-sectional distortion (IoCSD-SAP), is proposed. The digit decomposition condition variational auto-encoder generative adversarial network (D2CVAE-GAN) is developed to augment the data samples. Considering the nonlinear interference of the cross-sectional distortion on springback, auxiliary extended radial basis function (AE-RBF) is proposed. It establishes the mapping relationship between the characteristic parameters and cross-sectional distortion. By extracting the information encode of cross-sectional distortion as the condition input, this model realizes the condition prediction of springback angle. Taking MLRDB of 6060-T6 Al-alloy circular tube as a case study, the proposed method, IoCSD-SAP, is verified. According to the experimental results, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the springback angle of our proposed method is 4.73%, and three different analytical models are 38.92%, 14.39%, and 14.22%, respectively. It can be seen that our proposed method significantly improves the prediction accuracy of springback angle. For the springback angle prediction of circular metal tube in MLRDB, the data augmentation can effectively reduce the generalization error and improve the prediction accuracy. The nonlinear interference of the cross-sectional distortion on springback should be taken into account to improve the accuracy and robustness of the springback prediction model.

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16

Li, H. P., Y. L. Liu, Y. X. Zhu, and H. Yang. "Global sensitivity analysis and coupling effects of forming parameters on wall thinning and cross-sectional distortion of rotary draw bending of thin-walled rectangular tube with small bending radius." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 74, no. 5-8 (June 7, 2014): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6014-1.

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17

ZHU, Ying-xia, Yu-li LIU, and He YANG. "Sensitivity of springback and section deformation to process parameters in rotary draw bending of thin-walled rectangular H96 brass tube." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22, no. 9 (September 2012): 2233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61454-4.

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18

Dong, Jie, Yuli Liu, and He Yang. "Research on the sensitivity of material parameters to cross-sectional deformation of thin-walled rectangular tube in rotary draw bending process." Journal of Materials Research 31, no. 12 (May 25, 2016): 1784–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.194.

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19

Tian, Shan, Yuli Liu, and He Yang. "Effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending." Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 26, no. 1 (February 2013): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2012.12.003.

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20

Sun, Xiaohong, Chunmei Liu, Yuli Liu, and Heng Li. "Influence of mandrel parameters on cross-sectional deformation of H96 double-ridged rectangular tube with ridge groove fillers in H-typed rotary draw bending." Procedia Manufacturing 15 (2018): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.411.

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21

Yang, H., H. Li, and M. Zhan. "Friction role in bending behaviors of thin-walled tube in rotary-draw-bending under small bending radii." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 210, no. 15 (November 2010): 2273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.08.021.

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22

Tian, Shan, Yu Li Liu, Gang Yao Zhao, and He Yang. "Experimental Research on Strain Distribution Characteristics of Thin-Walled Rectangular Tube in Rotary-Draw Bending." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.502.

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The rotary-draw bending process of thin-walled rectangular tube is a complex process with large deformation, large displacement and finite strain which makes the defects, such as wrinkling, distortion and crack be easily produced. To study the complex plastic deformation characteristics of thin-walled rectangular 3A21 aluminum tube during rotary-draw bending, the distributions of tangential, circumferential and normal strain have been studied by experiment using grid method. The results show that the maximum value of three-direction strain appears in the ridges of rectangular tube and tangential strain is the maximum principal strain. The value of maximum tangential tensile strain is lager than the maximum tangential compressive strain; it is the reason why crake is prone to occur during rotary-draw bending. The strain distribution curve along bending direction is not completely symmetrical with middle cross-section. With the increase of bending angle, three-direction strain of tube also increases and circumferential strain increases relatively smaller.

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23

ZHANG, Zhi-yong, He YANG, Heng LI, Ning REN, and Yu-li TIAN. "Bending behaviors of large diameter thin-walled CP-Ti tube in rotary draw bending." Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 21, no. 5 (October 2011): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0071(12)60076-8.

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24

Shi, Song Chao, Lian Fa Yang, and Chen Guo. "Deformation Behaviors of Tube Rotary-Draw Bending Filled with Steel Balls." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1403.

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Wrinkling, wall thickness overthinning and cross-section distorting are main defects that seriously affect the forming quality of the tube in bending process. In this paper, numerical simulation based on PAM-STAMP 2G is conducted for the tube rotary-draw bending filled with steel balls as pressure transferring medium to analyze the deformation behaviors under various internal pressures. The results show that, tube bending filled with steel balls as pressure transferring medium can effectively restrain the defects of wrinkling and cross-section distorting. In addition, wrinkling and cross-section distorting of the bent tube decrease, the wall thickness thickening at the intrados of the bent tube decreases while the wall thickness thinning at the extrados increases with the internal pressure.

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25

Simonetto, Enrico, Andrea Ghiotti, Stefania Bruschi, and Roberto Gemignani. "Dynamic Detection of Instability Defects in tube Rotary Draw Bending." Procedia Manufacturing 10 (2017): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.064.

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26

Kumar, A. "Optimizing the Rotary Draw Tube Bending Process to Avoid Wrinkles." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 28, no. 3 (January 2008): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02286203.2008.11442479.

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27

Oliver, Chad, Randy J. Bowers, and Daniel E. Green. "Dual Phase Steel Characterization for Tube Bending and Hydroforming Applications." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2066.

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The behaviour of dual phase steel tubes at 600, 780, and 980 MPa strength grades undergoing rotary draw bending and pressure sequence hydroforming is examined. Bending was performed using three different bend ratios. Principal strains were measured at several locations on each tube. It was found that the level of strain experienced by the tubes was independent of steel grade. The outcome of the bending process was stochastic in nature; for a given steel grade and bend ratio, some tubes were successfully formed, while others experienced failure. The proportion of failed tubes was found to increase with higher strength steel grades and tighter bend ratios. Metallographic samples from the extrados of the bent tubes revealed that many of the same microstructural features affecting strength and elongation in uniaxial tensile testing, namely martensite banding and non-metallic inclusions, affected dual phase steel tubes undergoing rotary draw bending. Additionally, a nanoindentation technique was investigated to determine the potential for more detailed microstructural characterization.

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28

Lou, Huazhou, and Kim A. Stelson. "Three-Dimensional Tube Geometry Control for Rotary Draw Tube Bending, Part 2: Statistical Tube Tolerance Analysis and Adaptive Bend Correction." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1351812.

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The control of each individual bend and overall process is presented in Part 1 of the paper. In Part 2 of the paper, statistical methods are used to analyze and improve 3-D tube bending accuracy. The relationship between bending process error and tube geometry error is obtained with Monte Carlo simulation. For the same tube tolerance requirement, the required process tolerance varies in a large range based on tube geometry. Among the three bending errors: bend angle, bend plane and distance between bends, bend angle error has the largest influence on tube error. For a tube with multiple bends, the overall tube geometry error can be minimized by intentionally modifying the nominal values of the bends to be made based on the errors in the existing bends. The required modification of the bending commands is calculated with an adaptive bend correction algorithm.

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29

Jiang, Lan Fang, Wei Ming Lin, Dong Hui Wen, Hong Liu, Cong Da Lu, and Yun Qing Gu. "A New Bionic Elastic Mandrel for Application in the Spatial Consecutive RDB with no Straight Line." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 25 (October 2015): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.25.12.

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Thin-walled spatial bending tube can not only provide engineering design with higher flexibility and lighter structure, but also enhance the construction of space saving and aerodynamics improvement. Based on rotary draw bending technique, a new method for spatial consecutive bending with no straight line for thin-walled tube was put forward. Firstly, a new bionic elastic mandrel was developed by analyzing the structural characteristics of the squilla. It mainly consisted of bowl-shaped mandrel balls, an elastomer and a mandrel shank. The bowl-shaped mandrel balls, nested matching one another, generated a non-smooth surface which can provide continuous support for internal surface of the tube wall. It could also achieve small bending radius. The elastomer featured of certain bending stiffness and enough tensile strength. Secondly, a curved clamping die was advanced to clamp the spatial consecutive bending tube with no straight line effectively. Based on the shape of the bending tube after the former bending forming process, the curved clamping dies which can match the shape of the former bending tube were designed for the later bending. Lastly, bending experiments was performed. A thin-walled tube made of Q235 with two passes, one bending angle 90° and the other 180° was taken for example and the spatial consecutive bending tube with no straight line was successfully obtained. It is of significant importance in enriching the spatial bending tube technique and achieving the small bending radius.

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30

RIHACEK, JAN, MICHAELA CISAROVA, EVA PETERKOVA, and KAMIL PODANY. "INFLUENCE OF THE PRESSURE DIE GEOMETRY ON THE BENT TUBE OVALITY." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 4474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_6_2021082.

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The paper deal with analysis and optimization of the pressure bar geometry in the case of the tube bending. The bending process is realized on Wafios RBV 60 ST CNC bending machine using rotary draw bending system. The processed semi-finished product is a tube, which is made of 24MnB5 steel. Currently, after tube bending by an angle of 120°, an unacceptable ovality occurs on its body. Therefore, the article presents the optimization of the pressure bar geometry, which helps to prevent the occurrence of the mentioned defect. Due to the least possible intervention in the bending process, only the change in the pressure bar geometry is tested. For this reason, a numerical simulation in ANSYS software is performed. Before the actual optimization, an accuracy of the simulation is verified by comparing the real initial state with simulation results.

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31

Wu, Wenyun, Li Jin, Jie Dong, Liming Peng, and Shoushan Yao. "Bending Mechanisms in AM30 Alloy Tube Using a Rotary Draw Bender." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 25, no. 12 (December 3, 2010): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426911003636928.

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32

Ghiotti, Andrea, Enrico Simonetto, and Stefania Bruschi. "Insights on tube rotary draw bending with superimposed localized thermal field." CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 33 (May 2021): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2021.02.012.

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33

Lai, Yi Nan, G. Y. Zhang, H. N. Yu, and Gang Feng Liu. "Numerical Simulation and Optimal Design of Rotary Draw Bending Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.172.

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The numerical simulation method is used to solve the problems of pipe bending manufacturing such as die with fine cracks, ovality of pipe. The fan-shaped die is welded with steel plate in circle and rib in radial direction by the analysis of structural deformation. The optimal design is provided with ovality of pipe as object variable and sliding slot dimensions as design variables. Compared with experiential shape groove of slot, ovality of optimized slot decreases about 10.5% in average. It greatly reduced the production cost using computer simulation method to replace a lot of experiment improving tube-bending production.

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34

Nakajima, Kunito, Noah Utsumi, Yoshihisa Saito, and Masashi Yoshida. "Deformation Property and Suppression of Ultra-Thin-Walled Rectangular Tube in Rotary Draw Bending." Metals 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081074.

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Recently, miniaturization and weight reduction have become important issues in various industries such as automobile and aerospace. To achieve weight reduction, it is effective to reduce the material thickness. Generally, a secondary forming process such as bending is performed on the tube, and it is applied as a structural member for various products and a member for transmitting electromagnetic waves and fluids. If the wall thickness of this tube can be thinned and the bending technology can be established, it will contribute to further weight reduction. Therefore, in this study, we fabricated an aluminum alloy rectangular tube with a height H0 = 20 mm, width W0 = 10 mm, wall thickness t0 = 0.5 mm (H0/t0 = 40) and investigated the deformation properties in the rotary draw bending. As a result, the deformation in the height direction of the tube was suppressed applying the laminated mandrel. In contrast, it was found that the pear-shaped deformation peculiar to the ultra-thin wall tube occurs. In addition, axial tension and lateral constraint were applied. Furthermore, the widthwise clearance of the mandrel was adjusted to be bumpy. As a result, the pear-shaped deformation was suppressed, and a more accurate cross-section was obtained.

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35

Guangjun, Li, Yang Heng, Xu Xudong, Li Heng, and Yang He. "Formability of Thin-Walled Commercial Pure Titanium Tube upon Rotary Draw Bending." Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 47, no. 1 (January 2018): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-5372(18)30066-3.

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36

Liu, Kuanxin, Yuli Liu, and He Yang. "A study on mandrel role in rotary draw bending of rectangular tube." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 50, no. 1 (2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2015.066867.

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37

Hasanpour, Kourosh, Mahmoud Barati, Behnaz Amini, and Mehrdad Poursina. "The effect of anisotropy on wrinkling of tube under rotary draw bending." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 27, no. 3 (March 2013): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-013-0124-9.

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38

Liu, Hailong, Yuli Liu, Peng Zhang, and Xiaoyu Du. "Effect of weld zone and corner with cold bending effect on wrinkling of rectangular welded tube in rotary draw bending." Thin-Walled Structures 157 (December 2020): 107115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.107115.

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39

TAKAHASHI, Kazuhito, Takashi WATANABE, Takashi KUBOKI, Makoto MURATA, Kazuhiko ONO, and Kouzou YANO. "Reduction in Flatness Using Axial Compressive Forcein Rotary Draw Bending of Circular Tube." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 49, no. 572 (2008): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.49.896.

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40

Xue, Xin, Juan Liao, Gabriela Vincze, and Jose Gracio. "Twist Springback of Asymmetric Thin-walled Tube in Mandrel Rotary Draw Bending Process." Procedia Engineering 81 (2014): 2177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.305.

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OLIVEIRA, D. A., M. J. WORSWICK, and R. GRANTAB. "EFFECT OF LUBRICANT IN MANDREL-ROTARY DRAW TUBE BENDING OF STEEL AND ALUMINUM." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 44, no. 1 (January 2005): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.2005.44.1.71.

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42

Peng, Yinghong, Ding Tang, and Dayong Li. "Study on the influence of mandrel type on copper tube rotary draw bending." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 32, no. 4 (2008): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2008.022143.

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43

E, Daxin, Zhiping Guan, and Jisheng Chen. "Influence of Additional Tensile Force on Springback of Tube Under Rotary Draw Bending." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 21, no. 11 (March 13, 2012): 2316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0202-7.

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44

Zhao, Gang Yao, Rang Yang Zhang, Yu Li Liu, Zheng Hua Guo, and Ping Fang. "A New Method to Accurately Describe Cross-Section Distortion in Rotary Draw Bending Process of Thin-Walled Rectangular Tube." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1839.

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Abstract:

To obtain the cross-sectional distortion of thin-walled rectangular tube in rotary draw bending process accurately, a new method to exactly describe the distortion has been proposed. The coupling between the convex of the tube side walls and the concave of the tube flanges is considered in the distortion modeling. Combined with the experiments, the cross-sectional distortion obtained using the new distortion model are compared with the previous ones obtained without considering the convex based on numerical simulations. The results show that cross-sectional distortion obtained by current model is closer to reality than the previous ones. The distortion by current model is more safety in the practical bending process.

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Zhao, Gang Yao, Yu Li Liu, and He Yang. "Plastic Deformation Characteristics Analysis in Rotary-Draw Bending Process of Thin-Walled Rectangular Tube." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.320.

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Abstract:

The rotary-draw bending process of thin-walled rectangular tube is a complex process with large deformation, large displacement and finite strain which makes the defects, such as wrinkling, distortion and crack be easily produced. To study the complex plastic deformation characteristics, a 3D-FE model for the process was built and validated by experiments. Then simulation and analysis of complex plastic deformation characteristics of the process were carried out. The results show that the distributions of stress and strain are symmetric, and its peak values appear in the edges of tube. With the increase of bending angle, the equivalent stress and equivalent strain initially increase and then reach at a stable value, whereas the fluctuant phenomenon of tangent stress is produced. The moving of the neutral plane of stress can be ignored; however, the moving of neutral plane of strain is more obviously.

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SUKIMOTO, Minobu, Yuichi TAGUCHI, Masashi SAKAGUCHI, Hitoshi AKIYOSHI, and Junichi ENDOU. "Deformation of a cross section of 6063 alloy circular tube by rotary draw bending." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 44, no. 9 (1994): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.44.475.

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Fang, Jun, Shiqiang Lu, Kelu Wang, Qiang Gu, and Shikang Shang. "Springback behaviors of high strength stainless steel tube after numerical control rotary draw bending." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 423 (November 7, 2018): 012184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/423/1/012184.

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ZHAO, Gang-yao, Yu-li LIU, He YANG, and Cai-hong LU. "Cross-sectional distortion behaviors of thin-walled rectangular tube in rotary-draw bending process." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20, no. 3 (March 2010): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(09)60166-7.

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Zhu, Y. X., W. Chen, W. B. Tu, Y. Guo, and L. Chen. "Three-dimensional finite element modeling of rotary-draw bending of copper-titanium composite tube." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 106, no. 5-6 (December 19, 2019): 2377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04781-0.

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Liu, K. X., Shunqi Zheng, Y. S. Zheng, Y. Chen, and Y. He. "Plate assembly effect and cross-section distortion of rectangular tube in rotary draw bending." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 90, no. 1-4 (August 27, 2016): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9283-z.

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