Academic literature on the topic 'Tube feeding Tube feeding Aspiration and aspirators'

Insertion of a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube in critical care 74Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 76Nasojejunal feeding in critical care patients 78The Sengstaken–Blakemore tube is very effective at controlling torrential bleeding from oesophago-gastric varices. Its use is associated with serious complications such as oesophageal ulceration, oesophageal perforation and aspiration pneumonia in 15–20% of cases. Up to 50% of patients will re-bleed once the balloon is deflated. so its primary function is to control bleeding initially prior to further definitive treatment....

Feeding problems occur in around 50% of children with neurological disability. Needing help with feeds, choking, prolonged meal times, and poor weight gain are common. Gastro-oesophageal reflux and constipation may further complicate management, and obesity is a risk particularly in those with low energy requirements. Assessment should include a detailed feeding history and anthropometry. Oromotor skills and safety of swallow can be gauged by a speech and language therapist, and appropriate seating and eating tools by an occupational therapist. The dietician advises on nutritional requirements

Disorders affecting the lower cranial nerves – V (trigeminal), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory) and XII (hypoglossal) – are discussed in the first part of this chapter. The clinical neuroanatomy of each nerve is described in detail, as are disorders – often in the form of lesions – for each nerve.Trigeminal nerve function may be affected by supranuclear, nuclear, or peripheral lesions. Because of the wide anatomical distribution of the components of the trigeminal nerve, complete interruption of both the motor and sensory parts is rarely observed in practice. Howe

Neurogenic dysphagia is characterized by problems with neural control of swallowing caused by various neurological diseases: vascular diseases, traumatic diseases, neoplasms, infections, neuromuscular diseases, and others. In patients of intensive care units after long-term intubation and extubation may evolve “postextubation dysphagia”, characterized by the “learned non-use” phenomenon. Neurogenic dysphagia is a component of bulbar or pseudobulbar palsy, depending on the level of the neurological lesion. Diagnoses of neurogenic dysphagia include clinical examination (water swallow test), videofluoroscopy, upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy and manometry, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, a grade of Penetration-Aspiration Scale, and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale. Dysphagia complications (malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, aspiration, and respiratory tract obstruction) associated with bad functional recovery and life prognosis, so neurogenic dysphagia need a complex treatment: correct feeding pattern of caloric value and consistency, methods of oral cavity mucosa sensitivity stimulation, swallowing process stimulation, physiotherapeutic treatment methods (electrical stimulation of the larynx and tongue root), logopedic exercises therapy, surgical correction, lifestyle correction, and others. Sometimes it is a need for replacement therapy method by nasogastric tube and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, parenteral feeding in several cases. Neurogenic dysphagia patient rehabilitation includes the “swallowing enhancement” method with optimal food consistency and training method after correct preparation of the oral cavity for swallowing. Neurogenic dysphagia patient oral feeding requires correct technique and contact with the patient for safety and efficient recovery.

This chapter explores procedures, including practical procedures, laboratories, achievement of core foundation skills, blood and injections, taking blood (venepuncture), femoral stab, blood tubes, IV cannulation, taking blood in children, arterial blood gas (ABG), SC/IM injections, IV injections, cardiology, ECGs and cardiac monitors, exercise tolerance test, chemical cardioversion (adenosine), cardioversion and defibrillation, central lines, thrombolysis, respiratory, pleural tap, chest drain (Seldinger method), endotracheal intubation (adult), laryngeal mask airway (LMA), urology, urethral catheterization, replacing a suprapubic catheter, gastroenterology, replacing a PEG feeding tube, nasogastric (NG) tubes, ascitic tap (abdominal paracentesis), neurology, lumbar puncture (LP), normal vaginal delivery, joint aspiration and injection, local anaesthetic (LA), suturing, and reduction of fractures and dislocations.