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Journal articles on the topic "Tubeira"

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Ribeiro, J. L. P., M. L. Gregori, and L. C. Pardini. "Predição das propriedades elásticas de compósitos termoestruturais com reforço multidirecional." Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 13, no. 1 (March 2008): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-70762008000100005.

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Os compósitos são uma classe de materiais que apresentam propriedades superlativas em relação aos materiais isotrópicos (metais, cerâmicos, polímeros), se considerarmos sua alta resistência aliada ao baixo peso. O reforço, a matriz e a interface entre ambos, definem o desempenho do componente em serviço e a temperatura de trabalho destes materiais. Particularmente, compósitos de uso a temperaturas superiores à 1000ºC são denominados de compósitos termoestruturais. Estes materiais suportam demandas termo-mecânicas significativas, sendo utilizados em gargantas de tubeira de foguetes, proteções térmicas re-irradiativas e materiais de fricção. Via de regra, esses materiais são manufaturados mediante a utilização de preformas fibrosas, que nada mais são que um "esqueleto" de reforço que translada resistência e rigidez ao material. A utilização de preformas permite a concepção e obtenção de componentes com geometrias complexas e dimensões as mais diversas, permitindo assim uma flexibilidade no projeto do componente a ser obtido. Embora apresentem virtudes incontestáveis, o custo desses materiais ainda é proibitivo para aplicações rotineiras. Também o custo dos testes mecânicos que validem suas propriedades em relação aos materiais de uso convencional torna-se oneroso, além de demandar equipamentos especiais. O presente trabalho aborda a predição das propriedades elásticas de compósitos termoestruturais de Carbono Reforçado com Fibras de Carbono (CRFC), com configurações de reforço tri-direcional (3D) e tetra-direcional (4D). As propriedades foram calculadas à temperatura ambiente para efeito de comparação ao grafite sintético, ainda utilizado em gargantas de tubeira de motores foguete de pequeno porte. Os cálculos de predição de propriedades elásticas foram baseados no método de homogeneização considerando a hipótese de mechas de fibras retas pela rigidez média ponderada.
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Becker Jr, Rudimar Cavalini, Felipe Felipe Zibetti, and Carlos Edmundo De Abreu E Lima Ipar. "ESTUDO DA ETAPA DE PERFURAÇÃO EM ÁGATA NO PROCESSO DE JATO DE ÁGUA ABRASIVA (AWJ)." Revista CIATEC-UPF 11, no. 1 (April 6, 2019): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/ciatec.v11i1.9294.

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O processo de usinagem por jato de água com abrasivo (AWJ) é uma importante ferramenta utilizada em praticamente todas as áreas industriais e apresenta inúmeras vantagens em relação a outros processos. O presente trabalho visa, de maneira experimental, investigar o efeito de alguns parâmetros de entrada do processo no tempo e qualidade final (diâmetros de entrada e saída) da peça durante a fase de perfuração inicial quando o material a ser cortado é ágata. Para isso, utilizou-se o método experimental de superfície de resposta para se identificar e quantificar o efeito que os fatores exercem sobre as variáveis de saída. Todos os parâmetros escolhidos como variáveis de entrada se mostraram influentes em pelo menos alguma das variáveis de saída, destacando-se a estratégia de perfuração e espessura do material para o tempo de perfuração e a estratégia de perfuração, a distância de afastamento da tubeira e a vazão mássica de abrasivo para os diâmetros de entrada e saída. Ainda, foram geradas as equações de regressão para as três variáveis de saída estudadas, tornando-se possível efetuar a sua predição com base nos valores escolhidos das variáveis de entrada.
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Vernon, Robert S., and Donald R. Thomson. "OVERWINTERING OF TUBER FLEA BEETLES, EPITRIX TUBERIS GENTNER (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN POTATO FIELDS." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 1 (February 1991): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent123239-1.

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Early season infestations of adult tuber flea beetles, Epitrix tuberis Gentner, usually are concentrated at the edges of potato fields, and it generally has been assumed that they move into potato fields from the outside inward. This edge-effect suggests that tuber flea beetles overwinter outside potato fields, and other species of flea beetles have been reported to behave similarly (Wolfenbarger 1940; Dominick 1971; Burgess 1981). This may not be true of E. tuberis, however. Hoerner and Gillette (1928), in Colorado, noted that potatoinfesting flea beetles [probably E. cucurneris (Harris), E. subcrinata (Lec.), or E. tuberis] often congregated under piles of old potato vines in potato fields, and Hill and Tate (1942) observed flea beetles feeding on cull tubers in a potato field after harvest. These observations suggest, but do not confirm, that some flea beetles including E. tuberis may remain in harvested potato fields during winter.
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Miller, J. S., T. F. Cummings, L. J. Mikitzel, and D. A. Johnson. "Influence of Timing of Harvest in Relation to Haulm Killing and Planting Date on Potato Tuber Rot Caused by Phytophthora infestans." Plant Disease 86, no. 3 (March 2002): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.264.

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Killing potato haulms 2 to 3 weeks prior to harvesting tubers is recommended for the management of potato late blight to eliminate the foliage as a source of tuber blight inoculum. Some potato growers in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon, however, harvest tubers within days of killing potato haulms or harvest tubers without killing potato haulms. The susceptibility of potato tubers harvested from green haulms to late blight is unknown. From 1996 to 1998, Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet seed tuber pieces were planted on three different dates and then harvested simultaneously to obtain daughter tubers at different levels of maturity as determined by physiological degree day (P-day) accumulation. Tubers from two trials in 1996 were harvested within 1 to 4 days of haulm killing, tubers from a single trial in 1997 were harvested 16 days after haulm killing, and tubers from two trials in 1998 were harvested 1 and 21 days after haulm killing. Tubers from each plot were divided into two samples; one sample was inoculated the day after harvest and the other sample was inoculated 6 months after harvest on the buds and periderm tissue with a US-8 isolate of Phytophthora infestans. Severity of tuber blight on tuber surfaces and internal tuber tissue was highly correlated. When tubers were harvested within 1 to 4 days after haulm kill, the youngest tubers had the highest percentage of skinning and the lowest percentage of tuber blight. These tests, however, were not designed to test the hypothesis that increased tuber skinning resulted in increased tuber rot. Severity of tuber blight was greater for Ranger Russet tubers than for Russet Burbank tubers. The correlation between the severity of tuber blight at harvest and after 6 months in storage was significant. In some cases, differences in susceptibility to tuber blight due to planting date were observed after 6 months in storage. When tubers were harvested within 1 to 4 days after vine killing, tubers from plants that had been growing longer were more susceptible to late blight tuber rot than tubers from plants that had been growing for a shorter period of time.
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TAYE, MULUGETA, W. J. M. LOMMEN, and P. C. STRUIK. "Effects of breaking seed tubers on yield components of the tuber crop Plectranthus edulis." Journal of Agricultural Science 151, no. 3 (May 15, 2012): 368–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961200041x.

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SUMMARYPlectranthus edulis is an ancient tuber crop, cultivated in Ethiopia, which produces stem tubers on stolons below the ground; however, agronomic and physiological information on this crop is scarce. Three field experiments were carried out at each of two locations (Awassa and Wondogenet, Ethiopia). Expt 1 dealt with the effects of breaking a seed tuber into different numbers of seed pieces before planting, Expt 2 assessed the effect of the weight of the seed tuber piece and Expt 3 investigated the effect of planting different numbers of seed pieces per planting hole. Cultivar Lofuwa was planted in Awassa, whereas cvar Chankua was planted in Wondogenet. Breaking seed tubers in Expt 1 resulted in more main stems/hill, more tubers and smaller individual tubers. In Wondogenet, the tuber yield also increased. Breaking did not affect the number of stolons/m2. Expt 2 indicated that when only one seed piece was planted per planting hole, smaller seed pieces gave fewer stems, fewer stolons and fewer tubers/m2, smaller tubers and lower tuber yields. Expt 3 showed that planting more seed pieces/planting hole gave more stems, more stolons and more tubers/m2, thus increasing tuber fresh yield/m2, whereas the mean tuber weight was not consistently affected. Across all experiments, the tuber yield increased when the number of main stems increased up to three main stems/m2. Higher tuber yields resulting from experimental treatments were either achieved by an effect on number of tubers alone or by combined effects on number of tubers and mean tuber weight, but not by an effect on mean tuber weight alone. The number of small tubers was high in all experiments. Breaking a seed tuber into two or three pieces before planting them in one planting hole consistently resulted in increased numbers of main stems and tuber yield.
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Nyankanga, Richard O., Ocen Modesto Olanya, Hans C. Wien, Ramzy El-Bedewy, John Karinga, and Peter S. Ojiambo. "Development of Tuber Blight (Phytophthora infestans) on Potato Cultivars Based on In Vitro Assays and Field Evaluations." HortScience 43, no. 5 (August 2008): 1501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1501.

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Tuber blight may result from infection of wounded or unwounded potato tubers exposed to sporangia from foliar blight, soil, or blighted tubers. However, there are limited data on the prediction of tuber blight in field or storage environment based on in vitro assays. To assess this relationship, potato cultivars with foliar blight resistance (R-genes) and general resistance were evaluated for tuber blight incited by Phytophthora infestans (US-1) based on wound-induced and unwounded tuber inoculations. Surface lesion diameter, lesion depth, and frequency distribution of blighted tubers were assessed in in vitro assays and tuber blight incidence determined in field experiments. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in lesion diameter and depth were recorded among cultivars. Surface lesion diameter, depth, and index ranged from 5 to 40, 2 to 16.3, and 15 to 656 mm, respectively, in wound-inoculated tubers. In nonwounded tuber assays, the incidence of blighted tubers ranged from 0% to 8.7% in both years. Tuber blight infection of potato cultivars varied between years in field studies. Although tuber infection differed among cultivars, the frequency of blighted tubers had a normal statistical distribution irrespective of R-genes, implying that foliar resistance may have limited effect on tuber blight occurrence based on in vitro experiments. Prediction of tuber blight based on inoculation assays can be effectively used to estimate and manage blight development in storage environments.
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Wurr, D. C. E., J. R. Fellows, R. A. Sutherland, and E. J. Allen. "Determination of optimum tuber planting density for production of tubers in processing ware grades in the potato variety Record." Journal of Agricultural Science 114, no. 1 (January 1990): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600070945.

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SUMMARYA series of experiments examining the influences of size and spacing of planted potato tubers (‘seed’ tubers) on tuber yields was conducted at four sites in the UK in 1982–84. A new approach to data analysis was used to estimate the optimum tuber planting density for different ware grades. The optimum density, which maximized returns, decreased with increasing seed tuber weight and ratio of seed-tuber cost to ware value and with lower than average total tuber yields. Changing the required ware grade from 40–65 mm to 40–80 mm had a minimal effect on the optimum tuber planting density.Optimum tuber planting densities were lower than in published recommendations but this disparity appeared to be accounted for by differences in the number of stems produced by each planted tuber. There was some evidence that, with lower seed-tuber weights, the optimum planting density differed with site and that at optimum economic densities small and medium seed tubers outyielded large seed tubers.
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Whitfield, A. E., L. R. Campbell, J. L. Sherwood, and D. E. Ullman. "Tissue Blot Immunoassay for Detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Ranunculus asiaticus and Other Ornamentals." Plant Disease 87, no. 6 (June 2003): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.6.618.

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A tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) was developed to detect Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in Ranunculus asiaticus tubers and other ornamentals. TBIA was comparable to double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for accuracy and reliability. A nondestructive sampling method was used with R. asiaticus tubers to determine: (i) the relationship between tuber infection and size; (ii) the distribution of TSWV in tubers; and (iii) the relationship between tuber infection and tuber germination. Small tubers had a higher percentage (44%) of infection than large tubers (19%). When destructive sampling was acceptable, the central stem tissue was the most reliable to test. TSWV infection was associated with a significant reduction of tuber germination. Among the tubers that tested positive for TSWV infection, 48% of those that germinated produced foliage in which TSWV was detected. The remaining 52% of the infected tubers planted that germinated developed into plants that were asymptomatic and in which TSWV was not detectable after germination. Only 4% of tubers that tested negative produced infected plants after germination. Our results indicate that TBIA can be used in TSWV management programs to identify infected plants and to index tuber crops.
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Sattar, M. A., N. Sultana, M. M. Hossain, M. H. Rashid, and A. K. M. Aminul Islam. "GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17023.

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Genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficients and path coefficients analysis were done for yield and its contributing characters in 28 genotypes of potato. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean and high genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for number of tubers per plant, yield per plant and average weight of a tuber suggesting selection for these traits would give good response. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation of the number of tubers per plant and weight of tubers per plant were highly significant. Plant vigour, number of compound leaves per plant and number of tubers per plant, average weight of a tuber and dry matter content of tuber had high degree of positive association with tuber yield per plant. As per path analysis, average weight of tuber and total number of tubers per plant contributed maximum direct effect to tuber yield indicating their importance as selection index for yield improvement.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17023
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Levin, Aaron, Alexander Baider, Evgenia Rubin, Ulrich Gisi, and Yigal Cohen. "Oospore Formation by Phytophthora infestans in Potato Tubers." Phytopathology® 91, no. 6 (June 2001): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.6.579.

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The ability of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, to produce oospores in potato tuber tissue was studied in the field and under laboratory conditions. In 1998 and 2000 field experiments, the canopy of potato cvs. Alpha and Mondial, respectively, were coinoculated with A1 + A2 sporangia of the fungus, and the infected tubers collected at harvest were examined for the presence of oospores. In 1998, only 2 of 90 infected tubers had oospores, whereas none of the 90 tubers examined in 2000 had any oospores. In the latter experiment, infected tubers kept in storage up to 12 weeks after harvest had no oospores. Artificial co-inoculations of whole tubers with A1 + A2 sporangia resulted only rarely in the formation of oospores inside the tubers. Co-inoculations of potato tuber discs taken from dormant tubers 0 to 16 weeks after harvest failed to support any oospore production, whereas discs taken from sprouting tubers of ≥18 weeks after harvest allowed oospores to form. Tuber discs showed enhanced oospore formation when treated before inoculation with either sugars, amino acids, casein hydrolysate, β-sitosterol, or chloroethylphosphonic acid. In contrast, reducing airflow into the petri dishes where potato tuber discs were incubated reduced the number of oospores produced. The number of oospores produced in tuber tissue was lower compared with that in leaf tissue regardless of the origin of isolates used. The data show that the ability of Phytophthora infestans to produce oospores in potato tuber tissue is very limited and increases with tuber aging.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tubeira"

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Cunha, João Gilberto. "Autopiloto adaptativo para foguete com tubeira móvel." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1987. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1521.

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Este trabalho concerne à aplicação de teoria LQ para pilotagem de foguetes de médio porte controlados por desvio de jato. No sistema de controle proposto, os parâmetros são estimados usando um algoritmo mínimos quadrados padrão, na forma recursiva. O ângulo de ataque é obtido a partir de um observador de ordem reduzida. As outras componentes do estado são medidas diretametne por sensores. O estado é então realimentado com ganhos calculados usando a teoria LQ, para gerar o valor do ângulo de desvio de jato. São propostas duas formas de implementação desta estratégia: uma adaptativa e outra em "gain scheduling", sem usar a estimação de parâmetros mas sim o valor nominal destes. Os esquemas propostos foram extensivamente testados através de simulação digital usando um modelo completo de validação, incluindo termos não lineares e perturbações devidas ao vento.
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Loureiro, Leonardo Pinheiro. "Modelo dinâmico bond graph para servo posicionador eletrohidráulico utilizado no posicionamento da tubeira de um veículo lançador de satélite." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2010. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1128.

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Este trabalho é focado no modelo dinâmico de um servomecanismo hidromecânico com comando elétrico aplicado no sistema de controle de atitude de vôo do veículo lançador de satélite (VLS). No presente sistema, a tubeira é fixada ao corpo do motor por uma interface elástica permitindo movimentos angulares da tubeira em duas direções ortogonais. O movimento angular da tubeira é atuado por um servo-posicionador eletro-hidráulico com realimentação mecânica direta entre a saída do pistão e a eletroválvula bocal-palheta. A válvula bocal-palheta é atuada por um motor linear de relutância variável, controlado por um sinal elétrico enviado pelo computador de bordo de controle de vôo do foguete. Um modelo dinâmico do servo posicionador eletrohidraúlico completo é proposto nesse trabalho. Alguns parâmetros do modelo foram obtidos por processo de identificação em malha fechada no domínio do tempo, usando a abordagem indireta. Os dados para o processo de identificação foram obtidos de montagem experimental, também apresentada nesse trabalho. A validação do modelo é obtida pela comparação com a resposta do sistema real.
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Sousa, Gabriel Costa. "Desgaste radial de rebolos de CBN com aplicação de lubrirrefrigerante por tubeira tipo sapata." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100525.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-25T20:01:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 308794.pdf: 3550251 bytes, checksum: 0f43cd710233a570a83e092535f7c0cd (MD5)
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de uma tubeira do tipo sapata desenvolvida por Lopes (2007) para ensaios de desgaste radial de um rebolo de nitreto de boro cúbico (CBN) na retificação do ferro fundido classe GGG70, mediante aplicação de emulsão lubrirrefrigerante. Os objetivos específicos são: analisar a influência da fenda entre tubeira e rebolo e a influência da vazão de fluido lubrirrefrigerante sobre o desgaste radial do rebolo e a rugosidade da superfície da peça. O trabalho é embasado por uma revisão de literatura sobre a retificação com rebolos, com ênfase aos rebolos de CBN; a distribuição de força e energia na retificação; os fluidos lubrirrefrigerantes e seus métodos de aplicação; a usinagem do ferro fundido; e a qualidade da superfície usi- nada. Para avaliar o resultado de trabalho são realizados ensaios de reti- ficação com velocidade de corte de 100 m/s, sem variar os parâmetros de entrada, exceto aqueles relacionados ao sistema de lubrirrefrigeração. Assim torna-se possível isolar a influência dos parâmetros de corte so- bre os resultados do trabalho da influência dos parâmetros de lubrirre- frigeração. Conclui-se que a tubeira tipo sapata, com a geometria otimizada por Lopes, permite a redução da vazão de fluido lubrirrefrige- rante para valores de até 10 l/min, apresentando uma relação de remoção G de 11526, 42% melhor que os resultados obtidos por Weingärtner (2005). Pra um volume retificado de 68135 mm3/mm o desgaste radial do rebolo de CBN foi de 4,6 µm. A variação dos valores da fenda entre tubeira e rebolo no intervalo de 0,3 a 1,0 mm interfere pouco nos resultados de desgaste do rebolo e rugosidade da superfície usinada.
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of a shoe nozzle designed by Lopes (2007) in tests of a grinding wheel radial wear of cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding on cast iron GGG70, applying water-based emulsion. The specific objectives are: to analyze the influence of the gap between nozzle and wheel and influence of coolant flow rate on the grinding wheel wear and workpiece surface roughness. The work is backed by a literature review on the grinding wheels, emphasizing the CBN grinding wheels; the distribution of power and energy in the grinding; coolants types and supply; the machining of cast iron, and the quality the machined surface. To valuate the result of work, grinding tests are conducted with cutting speed 100 m/s, without varying the input parameters, except those related to coolant supply. Thus it becomes possible to isolate the influence of the cutting parameters on the results of study of the influence of the parameters of lubrication and cooling. It follows that the shoe nozzle, the geometry optimized by Lopes, allows reducing the coolant flow rate values of up to 10 / min, with a G-ratio of 11,526, 42% better than the results obtained by Weingärtner (2005). Grinding to a volume of 68,135 mm3/mm the radial wear of the CBN wheel was 4.6µm. The variation of the gap between nozzle and the wheel in the range 0.3 to 1.0 mm, little affects the results of grinding wheel wear and roughness of the machined surface.
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Bumba, Manuel Ismael Dongoxe. "Estudo de uma tubeira e de um sistema de controlo de caudal da turbina "Cross-Flow"." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/3852.

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Mestrado em Energia
No âmbito das energias renováveis, os aproveitamentos hídricos são uma das soluções para a diminuição das emissões de poluentes resultantes da produção de energia eléctrica. Ao contrário das grandes barragens hidroeléctricas que têm bastantes impactos ambientais, verifica-se que as pequenas hídricas são uma solução mais barata e com menor impacto ambiental, e por isto com um futuro promissor. Neste projecto será efectuado o estudo numérico do escoamento de uma tubeira da turbina cross-flow, bem como do funcionamento de um sistema de controlo de caudal. Para a análise numérica do escoamento na tubeira e na válvula reguladora de caudal, irá ser utilizado um programa computacional já desenvolvido de análise do escoamento. Posteriormente serão analisados os resultados numéricos obtidos, nomeadamente, a velocidade e a pressão nas paredes da tubeira, bem como o ângulo e módulo da velocidade no arco de entrada no rotor e os caudais debitados pela mesma. O estudo dos métodos de desenho utilizados nas tubeiras, bem como o funcionamento dos sistemas de controlo de caudal existentes serão também abordados, com o objectivo de adquirir sensibilidade/experiência para efectuar-se posteriormente os desenhos de detalhe de uma tubeira com válvula reguladora de caudal considerada mais adequada. Será também apresentado um método inovador de construção da tubeira. Finalmente, serão analisados os esforços mecânicos (força e momento), resultantes da acção do escoamento de água na tubeira e válvula reguladora de caudal.
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Vidal, Roberto dos Passos. "Correção do ângulo de inclinação da tubeira móvel do VLS devido à deformação da junta flexível." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2006. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2313.

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Como reflexo do aumento do grau de complexidade nos softwares e das exigências cada vez maiores impostas pela área espacial, a busca de processos que venham organizar e melhorar o desenvolvimento de software tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Muitas organizações implantam processos sem existir um objetivo estratégico bem definido. É cada vez maior a adoção a ferramentas de gestão estratégica como o Balanced Scorecard (BSC), que proporciona a organização transformar sua estratégia em ação, por meio de objetivos, indicadores de desempenho e uma aplicação integradora se tornando uma ferramenta essencial para a organização transmitir sua missão e estratégia em objetivos tangíveis e mensuráveis. É com este princípio que o presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver o Balanced Scorecard e o seu respectivo mapa estratégico na área de software espacial, focando principalmente as áreas que dizem respeito à garantia da qualidade, utilizando-se os processos do Modelo de Capacidade e Maturidade Integrado (CMMI) que atualmente é um dos modelos de processos mais utilizados pela comunidade de software mundial em conformidade com as normas da European Space Agency (ESA) E-40 e Q-80 referentes a software espacial.
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Izola, Dawson Tadeu. "Investigação da indução de engasgamento em tubeira DeLAVAL para motor-foguete por intermédio do prolongamento da garganta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18148/tde-16022018-143941/.

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A condição ótima de funcionamento de uma tubeira em um motor foguete com escoamento isentrópico, implica que a velocidade na garganta (seção de menor área) seja equivalente à velocidade do som local, condição de Mach 1 e bocal engasgado. Pode-se alcançar essa condição reduzindo a área da seção do escoamento até a área crítica, velocidade sônica. Após a garganta acontece a expansão e se alcança velocidades supersônicas no divergente. Para manter a condição de Mach 1 na garganta em motores foguetes, trabalha-se com pressões superiores à necessária para se engasgar o bocal. Isto ocorre porque tenta-se compensar instabilidades ou variações de volumes produzidos na combustão ou queima. Usando uma pressão de trabalho maior, impõe-se que a condição de Mach 1 fique mantida durante toda a queima do combustível, isso implica em usar tubos mais resistentes à pressão e maior massa do tubo-motor. Observou-se experimentalmente que em algumas situações construtivas se podem modificar a pressão e temperatura necessárias para engasgar o bocal aumentando o comprimento da garganta. O comprimento do estrangulamento pode estabelecer uma condição para formação e evolução da camada limite e esta condição restringir a área nominal, modificando o regime do escoamento. Um equipamento especialmente desenvolvido para esse ensaio compara resultados de cinco modelos de motores, divididos em dois grupos, cada grupo com áreas de entrada, garganta e saída iguais, porém com comprimentos diferentes de garganta. Em análise experimental, observou-se que a pressão de trabalho e a temperatura são influenciadas pelo comprimento da garganta, interferindo na relação entre as pressões internas e de garganta e apresentando condições de engasgamento mensuráveis. Essas medidas foram conduzidas no presente estudo de doutorado.
The optimum operational condition of a rocket motor nozzle with isentropic flow implies that the velocity at the throat (the section with smallest area) is equivalent to the speed of the local sound. This speed is also called Mach 1 and it is said that at this condition the nozzle is choking. One can achieve this condition by reducing the cross-sectional area of the flow to the critical area resulting in a sonic speed. Beyond the nozzle throat, in the divergent section of the motor, flow expansion occurs and reaches supersonic speeds. To maintain the condition of Mach 1 at the throat, higher pressures than the one necessary to choke the nozzle are applied. This practice is done in order to compensate for jitter or variations of volumes produced in the combustion process. Using a higher operating pressure guarantees that a Mach 1 speed is maintained throughout the combustion process. Consequently, due to this higher operating pressure, more resistant tubes are needed to withstand this higher pressure and an increase in the motor weight is inevitable. It was observed experimentally that some constructional modifications of the motor can alter the pressure and temperature required for choking. This was noted with increasing the bottleneck length of the nozzle throat which was able to establish a condition for the formation and evolution of the boundary layer, restricting the nominal area and thus modifying the flow regime. In this study, the results of five engine models are compared using a specially designed equipment. The rockets were divided into two groups, each with equal inlet, throat, and exit areas, but having different throat lengths. In experimental analysis, it was observed that the working pressure and temperature are influenced by the length of the throat, interfering in the relationship between the internal pressures and throat presenting measurable choking conditions which were conducted in this doctorate thesis study.
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Barbosa, Diogo Bortolin. "Estudo do efeito da rotação no escoamento em um bocal convergente." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2013. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2765.

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Muitos processos industriais utilizam dutos de transporte de fluidos, os quais existem normas para a aferição da velocidade. O dispositivo ideal de medida seria o bocal de Venturi, contudo o método mais comumente utilizado de medição é a placa de orifício. O bocal convergente se mostra mais eficaz, quando comparado à placa de orifício, devido ao fato de não apresentar recirculação na entrada do bocal, além de que bocais convergentes podem efetuar medidas 55% maiores na vazão, usando o mesmo coeficiente beta (r?R) e o diferencial de pressão da placa de orifício. Outra vantagem deste bocal é o menor comprimento, quando comparado ao bocal de Venturi. Geralmente, no ambiente fabril, os fluidos nos dutos se apresentam turbulentos, por ter restrições no escoamento, ao longo da tubulação, assim podem causar diferenças na medição da vazão por gerar turbulências no escoamento da entrada, distintos das especificações da norma. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho demonstra os efeitos de rotação em fluidos no bocal de entrada presente no medidor de vazão do tipo convergente, utilizando a ferramenta de CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Dessa forma, serão resolvidas as equações governantes (massa, quantidade de movimento e modelo de turbulência), usando, para isso, o método de volumes finitos. Logo, o acoplamento entre os campos de pressão e velocidade são estabelecidos aplicando o algorítimo SIMPLE. Inicialmente, um estudo de refinamento de malha será realizado para a determinação do coeficiente de descarga em um escoamento sem rotação na entrada do bocal. A comparação entre os resultados do coeficiente de descarga para bocais convergentes apresentados na norma ISO 5167-3 e os resultados numéricos para o mesmo bocal, é realizada e obtiveram boa correlação na faixa de 3% de desvio. Em seguida, o estudo do decaimento do Swirl ao longo de um duto liso e de um duto com bocal convergente é levantado e os resultados mostraram que o decaimento está mais associado com a velocidade axial (Reynolds) do escoamento do que da rotação imposta ao fluido.
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Aflalo, Bernardo Santos. "CFD and CAA analysis of single stream isothermal jets with noise suppression devices." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2009. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1210.

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Since the 50's, with the appearance of the turbojet engines, the jet noise is being exhaustively studied, because it is one of the most important source of aircraft noise. Many attempts have been made to reduce the jet noise, including higher by-pass turbofan engines. Chevron nozzles also have been used by the industry to try to reduce the jet noise with a low performance and weight penalty. This work shows a computation procedure to assess how this noise suppression devices impact on both fluid dynamics and acoustics of single isothermal jets. Towards this goal, different chevron nozzles, with 6, 8 and 12 lobes have been analyzed. The calculation procedure is based on a Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes calculation, followed by a stochastic noise generation and radiation method, resulting in a relatively fast noise calculation procedure. The simulations have been carried out using the commercial software CFD++. The calculation procedure has predicted the expected fluid dynamic and acoustic behavior for chevron nozzles, e.g., shortening the potential core length, high frequency noise increase and low frequency noise attenuation. The parametric study of the number of lobes has shown that this parameter impacts the mixing region. Moreover, varying this parameter is a way to attain different low frequency reductions, without great impacts on the highest frequencies. Although the procedure did not capture correctly the absolute values of the acoustic response, the results show that this relatively simple and quick analysis reproduced important parameters in designing new nozzles and can be used as a way to better understand the influence of chevrons.
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Machiaverni, Rafael Mattar. "Determinação de tração em vôo através do método do erro residual." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2008. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1166.

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Uma metodologia para Determinação de Tração em Vôo é apresentada. Trata-se de uma variação do Método do Erro Residual, um dos métodos de Análise do Escoamento/Bocal apresentados no documento SAE AIR 1703A. Na medida em que o valor de tração não é uma medida direta, o método procura minimizar os desvios do resultado dos cálculos, que levam em considerações medições nos bocais do motor, em relação ao valor real. Para isso, são utilizados ensaios em solo, em que se comparam resultados calculados e medidos em bancada. O resultado dessa comparação é um escalar, o FPC, aplicado à razão de pressão no Fan de modo a minimizar os erros de vazão mássica e de tração líquida em relação aos valores calculados. Para cada razão de pressão no Fan (FPR) é obtido um FPC a partir da minimização de uma função que considera o erro residual de tração e vazão em solo. A metodologia apresentada propõe o uso de diferentes pesos para os desvios de tração e vazão. O procedimento é implementado através de rotinas em VISUAL BASIC, no ambiente do MICROSOFT EXCEL. Tais rotinas são usadas com dados de ensaios em vôo e em solo para dois motores de mesmo modelo usados na aviação comercial. Inicialmente, os dados de ensaios são utilizados para a determinação de dados de FPC e tração e vazão em vôo. É possível verificar a repetibilidade do método e a variação da tração líquida com parâmetros como rotação do Fan, altitude e Mach. Em seguida, analisa-se a variação dos pesos da tração e da vazão na determinação de FPC e nos valores finais de tração líquida e vazão mássica. Com esses dados, verifica-se a sensibilidade dos erros residuais para o ensaio em solo e a variação dos valores finais de tração e vazão em relação aos valores de pesos. Finalmente, são feitas considerações sobre o uso da metodologia proposta em uma campanha de ensaios em vôo.
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Nunes, Jesion Geibel da Silva 1993. "Crescimento, produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) em função da aplicação de reguladores vegetais /." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151637.

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Orientador: Adalton Mazetti Fernandes
Coorientador: Rogério Peres Soratto
Banca: Marcelo de Almeida Silva
Banca: Pablo Forlan Vargas
Resumo: A produtividade da batata depende da capacidade da planta sintetizar carboidratos nas folhas e mobilizá-los para os tubérculos em crescimento. Assim, o crescimento foliar excessivo nos estágios tardios do ciclo da cultura pode afetar negativamente a produtividade de tubérculos. Em condições favoráveis ao crescimento da parte aérea das plantas, o uso de retardantes ou reguladores do crescimento vegetal pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar a produtividade da cultura, através da redução no porte das plantas e do aumento na alocação de matéria seca (MS) para os tubérculos em crescimento. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito dos reguladores de crescimento vegetal cloreto de mepiquat, cloreto de chlormequat, proexadiona cálcica e placobutrazol, no crescimento, produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos das cultivares de batata Agata e Mondial. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos independentes, um com a cultivar Agata e outro com a cultivar Mondial. Ambos os experimentos foram instalados no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 4x5+1, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por quatro reguladores vegetais (cloreto de mepiquat, cloreto de chlormequat, paclobutrazol e proexadiona cálcica), aplicados nas doses de 25, 50, 100, 200 e 400 g ha-1 do i.a., além do tratamento controle (sem aplicação de regulador vegetal). Na cultivar Agata todos os reguladores de crescimento tiveram efeito semelhante sobre as características ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Potato yield depends on the plant's ability to synthesize carbohydrates in the leaves and mobilize them for growing tubers. Thus, excessive leaf growth in the late stages of the crop cycle can negatively affect tuber yield. Under conditions favorable to shoot growth, the use of retarders or plant growth regulators may be an alternative to improve crop yield by reducing plant size and increasing dry matter (DM) the growing tubers. Thus, the aim of this work was evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, prohexadione calcium and placobutrazol on the growth, yield and quality of potato tubers of Agata and Mondial cultivars. Two independent experiments were conducted, one with the cultivar Agata and the other with the cultivar Mondial. Both experiments were installed in a randomized complete block design in the 4x5+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments were represented by four plant regulators (mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol and proexadione calcium), applied at the rates of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 g ha-1 of i.a., in addition to the control treatment (without the application of plant growth regulator). In the Agata cultivar, all growth regulators had a similar effect on the growth and yield characteristics of tubers, but the prohexadione calcium regulator decreased the postharvest quality of the tubers. In the Mondial cultivar the growth regulator paclobutrazol was more efficient in reducing the vegetative growth of the plants and maintaining the postharvest quality of the tubers. In both cultivars the greatest effects on growth and commercial yield of tubers occurred between the rates of 50 and 100 g ha-1 of i.a.. In the cultivar Agata the rates of growth regulators reduced the commercial yield of tubers, but in the cultivar Mondial the commercial yield of tubers increased with the application ...
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Books on the topic "Tubeira"

1

C, Juan Seminario. El yacón: Fundamentos para el aprovechamiento de un recurso promisorio. [Perú]: CIP, 2003.

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Noordhuis, Klaas T. Bulbs and tubers. [Place of publication not identified]: Rebo Productions, 1997.

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Hughes, Meredith Sayles. Buried treasure: Roots & tubers. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 1998.

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Sharma, Harish K., Nicolas Y. Njintang, Rekha S. Singhal, and Pragati Kaushal, eds. Tropical Roots and Tubers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118992739.

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Abraham, K. Tuber crop varieties. Thiruvananthapuram: Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2006.

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Moorthy, S. N. Tuber crop starches. 2nd ed. Thiruvananthapuram: Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, 2001.

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Titchmarsh, Alan. Bulbs for every season. Twickenham: Hamlyn, 1986.

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Rees, A. R. Ornamental bulbs, corms and tubers. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: C.A.B. International, 1992.

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Bradshaw, J. E. Root and tuber crops. New York: Springer, 2010.

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Lawrence, T. Root and tuber crops. 2nd ed. Rome: IBPGR, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tubeira"

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Test, Edward McLean. "Transatlantic tubers." In The Routledge Companion to Marine and Maritime Worlds, 1400–1800, 469–90. London ; New York, NY : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003048503-20.

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Pacioni, G., and O. Comandini. "Tuber." In Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Key Genera in Profile, 163–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06827-4_6.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Tuber." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 569. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_10809.

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Merényi, Zsolt, Torda Varga, and Zoltán Bratek. "Tuber brumale: A Controversial Tuber Species." In Soil Biology, 49–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_4.

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Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Tuber Crops." In Biointensive Integrated Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems, 219–21. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1844-9_17.

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Tobias, Michael Charles. "Tuber aestivum." In Codex Orféo, 73–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30622-3_28.

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Bisognin, Dilson A., Arione da S. Pereira, and Sergio Tonetto de Freitas Sunil Pareek. "Potato Tuber." In Postharvest Physiological Disorders in Fruits and Vegetables, 691–704. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22001-31.

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Mani, M., M. Kalyanasundaram, C. A. Jayaprakas, E. R. Harish, R. S. Sreerag, and M. Nedunchezhiyan. "Tuber Crops." In Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops, 471–94. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2677-2_54.

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Stark, Jeffrey C., Stephen L. Love, and N. Richard Knowles. "Tuber Quality." In Potato Production Systems, 479–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39157-7_15.

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Storey, R. M. J., and H. V. Davies. "Tuber quality." In The Potato Crop, 507–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2340-2_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tubeira"

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VOJEVODA, Lidija, Anita OSVALDE, Gunta ČEKSTERE, and Andis KARLSONS. "ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF VERMICOMPOST AND PEAT EXTRACTS ON NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN TUBERS AND POTATO YIELD." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.166.

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Investigations on the potential beneficial effect of humic substances on crop plant cultivation under extremely diverse soil and climatic conditions is of global character, thereby knowledge obtained on the basis of local investigations are of great importance world-wide. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of different application methods (seed tuber treatment and foliar application) of commercially-produced peat and vermicompost extracts on nutrient uptake in tubers and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) using field experiments in organic farming system with potato variety ‘Borodjanskij Rozovij’. The tested extracts from the organic products included: peat extract (K45) and vermicompost extract (B45) obtained at +45°C by cavitation. The investigation was carried out at Stende Research Centre (Institute of Agro-resources and Economics) from 2011 to 2012. The chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B) of potato tubers was determined. The application of organic extract from vermicompost had a stimulating effect on mineral nutrient as N, P, K, Mg, and S accumulation in potato tubers, but 50% of cases showed reduction in Ca and Cu content that could influence the storage of tubers. The use of peat extract was significantly effective when the tubers were treated before planting. On average, tuber treatment and foliar spray with organic extracts contributed to 10% of tuber yield increase.
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Popova, L. D., and I. N. Yudina. "Influence of planting material size on Jerusalem artichoke yield during autumn planting." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-170.

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The results of the influence of the mass of planting tubers of Jerusalem artichoke on the size and fractional composition of the crop of tubers in the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soils during autumn planting of tubers are presented. It was found that planting tubers weighing 80-100 g g provide a yield of 45 t/ha. With an increase in the mass of planting tubers, the cost of purchasing planting material increases sharply and profitability decreases. Planting small tubers leads to a decrease in yield.
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Martynova, K. V., I. N. Romanova, and N. V. Ptitsyna. "Nfluence of predecessors on the yield and quality of potato tubers of domestic and foreign selection." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-112.

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As a result of the conducted research, it was found that in the conditions of the non-Chernozem zone, potato varieties of Madeira and Morning on sod-podzolic medium-loamy medium-cultivated soil are able to form a yield of tubers up to 33 t / ha. The influence of the sideral precursor on the yield and quality of potato tubers is scientifically justified.
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Андрийчук, Татьяна, and А. Скорейко. "Влияниe биопрепаратов на урожайность здоровых и пораженных фомозом клубней картофеля." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.09.

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The results of studies on the effect of Trichodermin, Gaupsin, PhytoDoctor, Planriz on the yield of healthy and phomosis-affected potato tubers are presented. The positive effect of all applied biological products on potato productivity is shown. Pre-planting treatment and two foliar spraying contributed to an increase in yields, both infected (by 2.3-11.7 %) with phomosis, and healthy (by 7.9-16.4 %) potato tubers.
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Spilimbergo, A. P., V. G. Krioukov, and R. L. Iskhakova. "Redução do Mecanismo de Reações para Fluxos Quimicamente Não-Equilibrados em Tubeiras Supersônicas." In CNMAC 2019 - XXXIX Congresso Nacional de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional. SBMAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/03.2020.007.01.0425.

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Muir, Andrew Y., David W. Ross, Calum J. Dewar, and Duncan D. Kennedy. "Defect and disease detection in potato tubers." In Photonics East (ISAM, VVDC, IEMB), edited by George E. Meyer and James A. DeShazer. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.336883.

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Martínez del Amo, Y., and M. Romero Montoya. "TUBERIAS de PVC ORIENTADO: EFICIENCIA, AHORRO ENERGÉTICO y SOSTENIBILIDAD." In XXXIII Congreso Nacional de Riegos. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cnriegos.2015.1512.

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Konopatskaya, M. V. "The effect of potato seed material initial infection by common scab on the degree of silver scab development on tubers during storage." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-28.

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It is determined that over a long storage period there is a moderate inverse correlation (correlation coefficient amount to -0,63) between tubers infection by silver scab and their coating by common scab ulcers. The revealed pattern may indicate the antagonistic nature of the relationship between the disease agents.
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Gachovska, Tanya Kirilova, Nikola Armyanov, and Ivan Palov. "Pre-planting pulsed electric field treatment of potato tubers." In 2015 IEEE Canada International Humanitarian Technology Conference (IHTC2015). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ihtc.2015.7238064.

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Saharudin, Saharudin, Mahsun Mahsun, Rahmad Hidayat, and Ahmad Sirulhaq. "Classification of Tuber Plants in Sasak Language." In Proceedings of the Fifth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (PRASASTI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/prasasti-19.2019.42.

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Reports on the topic "Tubeira"

1

Author, Not Given. An Ultra-Sensitive Detector for On-Line Measurement of Volatile Molecules Produced by Diseased Potato Tubers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948583.

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McFarland, Dwilette G., and John W. Barko. Interactive Influences of Selected Environmental Variables on Growth and Tuber Formation in Hydrilla. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226124.

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Paillart, M. J. M., F. I. D. G. Pereira da Silva, M. A. Nijenhuis-de Vries, N. El Harchiou, B. Brouwer, and C. van Kekem. Control of restrictive supply chains : biomarkers as indicator for Erwinia infection on potato tuber. Wageningen: Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/477493.

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Alale, Theophilus, Nelson Opoku, and Charles Adarkwah. The Efficacy of Aqueous False Yam (Icacina oliviformis) Tuber Extract Against Cowpea Aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch). Journal of Young Investigators, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.32.3.7-22-24.

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Case studies of Roots, Tubers and Bananas seed systems. International Potato Center, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20163.

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Glossary of root, tuber and banana seed systems. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/9789290605621.

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Gender and Roots Tubers and Bananas Seed Systems: a literature review. International Potato Center, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20162.

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Metabolomics in CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB). International Potato Center, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20192.

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Procedures for sampling and sample preparation of sweetpotato roots and potato tubers for mineral analysis. International Potato Center, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160//9789290604457.

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Procedures for sampling and sample preparation of sweetpotato roots and potato tubers for mineral analysis. International Potato Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/9789290604457.

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