Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tubeira'
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Cunha, João Gilberto. "Autopiloto adaptativo para foguete com tubeira móvel." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1987. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1521.
Full textLoureiro, Leonardo Pinheiro. "Modelo dinâmico bond graph para servo posicionador eletrohidráulico utilizado no posicionamento da tubeira de um veículo lançador de satélite." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2010. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1128.
Full textSousa, Gabriel Costa. "Desgaste radial de rebolos de CBN com aplicação de lubrirrefrigerante por tubeira tipo sapata." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100525.
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de uma tubeira do tipo sapata desenvolvida por Lopes (2007) para ensaios de desgaste radial de um rebolo de nitreto de boro cúbico (CBN) na retificação do ferro fundido classe GGG70, mediante aplicação de emulsão lubrirrefrigerante. Os objetivos específicos são: analisar a influência da fenda entre tubeira e rebolo e a influência da vazão de fluido lubrirrefrigerante sobre o desgaste radial do rebolo e a rugosidade da superfície da peça. O trabalho é embasado por uma revisão de literatura sobre a retificação com rebolos, com ênfase aos rebolos de CBN; a distribuição de força e energia na retificação; os fluidos lubrirrefrigerantes e seus métodos de aplicação; a usinagem do ferro fundido; e a qualidade da superfície usi- nada. Para avaliar o resultado de trabalho são realizados ensaios de reti- ficação com velocidade de corte de 100 m/s, sem variar os parâmetros de entrada, exceto aqueles relacionados ao sistema de lubrirrefrigeração. Assim torna-se possível isolar a influência dos parâmetros de corte so- bre os resultados do trabalho da influência dos parâmetros de lubrirre- frigeração. Conclui-se que a tubeira tipo sapata, com a geometria otimizada por Lopes, permite a redução da vazão de fluido lubrirrefrige- rante para valores de até 10 l/min, apresentando uma relação de remoção G de 11526, 42% melhor que os resultados obtidos por Weingärtner (2005). Pra um volume retificado de 68135 mm3/mm o desgaste radial do rebolo de CBN foi de 4,6 µm. A variação dos valores da fenda entre tubeira e rebolo no intervalo de 0,3 a 1,0 mm interfere pouco nos resultados de desgaste do rebolo e rugosidade da superfície usinada.
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of a shoe nozzle designed by Lopes (2007) in tests of a grinding wheel radial wear of cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding on cast iron GGG70, applying water-based emulsion. The specific objectives are: to analyze the influence of the gap between nozzle and wheel and influence of coolant flow rate on the grinding wheel wear and workpiece surface roughness. The work is backed by a literature review on the grinding wheels, emphasizing the CBN grinding wheels; the distribution of power and energy in the grinding; coolants types and supply; the machining of cast iron, and the quality the machined surface. To valuate the result of work, grinding tests are conducted with cutting speed 100 m/s, without varying the input parameters, except those related to coolant supply. Thus it becomes possible to isolate the influence of the cutting parameters on the results of study of the influence of the parameters of lubrication and cooling. It follows that the shoe nozzle, the geometry optimized by Lopes, allows reducing the coolant flow rate values of up to 10 / min, with a G-ratio of 11,526, 42% better than the results obtained by Weingärtner (2005). Grinding to a volume of 68,135 mm3/mm the radial wear of the CBN wheel was 4.6µm. The variation of the gap between nozzle and the wheel in the range 0.3 to 1.0 mm, little affects the results of grinding wheel wear and roughness of the machined surface.
Bumba, Manuel Ismael Dongoxe. "Estudo de uma tubeira e de um sistema de controlo de caudal da turbina "Cross-Flow"." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/3852.
Full textNo âmbito das energias renováveis, os aproveitamentos hídricos são uma das soluções para a diminuição das emissões de poluentes resultantes da produção de energia eléctrica. Ao contrário das grandes barragens hidroeléctricas que têm bastantes impactos ambientais, verifica-se que as pequenas hídricas são uma solução mais barata e com menor impacto ambiental, e por isto com um futuro promissor. Neste projecto será efectuado o estudo numérico do escoamento de uma tubeira da turbina cross-flow, bem como do funcionamento de um sistema de controlo de caudal. Para a análise numérica do escoamento na tubeira e na válvula reguladora de caudal, irá ser utilizado um programa computacional já desenvolvido de análise do escoamento. Posteriormente serão analisados os resultados numéricos obtidos, nomeadamente, a velocidade e a pressão nas paredes da tubeira, bem como o ângulo e módulo da velocidade no arco de entrada no rotor e os caudais debitados pela mesma. O estudo dos métodos de desenho utilizados nas tubeiras, bem como o funcionamento dos sistemas de controlo de caudal existentes serão também abordados, com o objectivo de adquirir sensibilidade/experiência para efectuar-se posteriormente os desenhos de detalhe de uma tubeira com válvula reguladora de caudal considerada mais adequada. Será também apresentado um método inovador de construção da tubeira. Finalmente, serão analisados os esforços mecânicos (força e momento), resultantes da acção do escoamento de água na tubeira e válvula reguladora de caudal.
Vidal, Roberto dos Passos. "Correção do ângulo de inclinação da tubeira móvel do VLS devido à deformação da junta flexível." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2006. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2313.
Full textIzola, Dawson Tadeu. "Investigação da indução de engasgamento em tubeira DeLAVAL para motor-foguete por intermédio do prolongamento da garganta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18148/tde-16022018-143941/.
Full textThe optimum operational condition of a rocket motor nozzle with isentropic flow implies that the velocity at the throat (the section with smallest area) is equivalent to the speed of the local sound. This speed is also called Mach 1 and it is said that at this condition the nozzle is choking. One can achieve this condition by reducing the cross-sectional area of the flow to the critical area resulting in a sonic speed. Beyond the nozzle throat, in the divergent section of the motor, flow expansion occurs and reaches supersonic speeds. To maintain the condition of Mach 1 at the throat, higher pressures than the one necessary to choke the nozzle are applied. This practice is done in order to compensate for jitter or variations of volumes produced in the combustion process. Using a higher operating pressure guarantees that a Mach 1 speed is maintained throughout the combustion process. Consequently, due to this higher operating pressure, more resistant tubes are needed to withstand this higher pressure and an increase in the motor weight is inevitable. It was observed experimentally that some constructional modifications of the motor can alter the pressure and temperature required for choking. This was noted with increasing the bottleneck length of the nozzle throat which was able to establish a condition for the formation and evolution of the boundary layer, restricting the nominal area and thus modifying the flow regime. In this study, the results of five engine models are compared using a specially designed equipment. The rockets were divided into two groups, each with equal inlet, throat, and exit areas, but having different throat lengths. In experimental analysis, it was observed that the working pressure and temperature are influenced by the length of the throat, interfering in the relationship between the internal pressures and throat presenting measurable choking conditions which were conducted in this doctorate thesis study.
Barbosa, Diogo Bortolin. "Estudo do efeito da rotação no escoamento em um bocal convergente." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2013. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2765.
Full textAflalo, Bernardo Santos. "CFD and CAA analysis of single stream isothermal jets with noise suppression devices." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2009. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1210.
Full textMachiaverni, Rafael Mattar. "Determinação de tração em vôo através do método do erro residual." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2008. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1166.
Full textNunes, Jesion Geibel da Silva 1993. "Crescimento, produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) em função da aplicação de reguladores vegetais /." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151637.
Full textCoorientador: Rogério Peres Soratto
Banca: Marcelo de Almeida Silva
Banca: Pablo Forlan Vargas
Resumo: A produtividade da batata depende da capacidade da planta sintetizar carboidratos nas folhas e mobilizá-los para os tubérculos em crescimento. Assim, o crescimento foliar excessivo nos estágios tardios do ciclo da cultura pode afetar negativamente a produtividade de tubérculos. Em condições favoráveis ao crescimento da parte aérea das plantas, o uso de retardantes ou reguladores do crescimento vegetal pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar a produtividade da cultura, através da redução no porte das plantas e do aumento na alocação de matéria seca (MS) para os tubérculos em crescimento. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito dos reguladores de crescimento vegetal cloreto de mepiquat, cloreto de chlormequat, proexadiona cálcica e placobutrazol, no crescimento, produtividade e qualidade de tubérculos das cultivares de batata Agata e Mondial. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos independentes, um com a cultivar Agata e outro com a cultivar Mondial. Ambos os experimentos foram instalados no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 4x5+1, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por quatro reguladores vegetais (cloreto de mepiquat, cloreto de chlormequat, paclobutrazol e proexadiona cálcica), aplicados nas doses de 25, 50, 100, 200 e 400 g ha-1 do i.a., além do tratamento controle (sem aplicação de regulador vegetal). Na cultivar Agata todos os reguladores de crescimento tiveram efeito semelhante sobre as características ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Potato yield depends on the plant's ability to synthesize carbohydrates in the leaves and mobilize them for growing tubers. Thus, excessive leaf growth in the late stages of the crop cycle can negatively affect tuber yield. Under conditions favorable to shoot growth, the use of retarders or plant growth regulators may be an alternative to improve crop yield by reducing plant size and increasing dry matter (DM) the growing tubers. Thus, the aim of this work was evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, prohexadione calcium and placobutrazol on the growth, yield and quality of potato tubers of Agata and Mondial cultivars. Two independent experiments were conducted, one with the cultivar Agata and the other with the cultivar Mondial. Both experiments were installed in a randomized complete block design in the 4x5+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments were represented by four plant regulators (mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol and proexadione calcium), applied at the rates of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 g ha-1 of i.a., in addition to the control treatment (without the application of plant growth regulator). In the Agata cultivar, all growth regulators had a similar effect on the growth and yield characteristics of tubers, but the prohexadione calcium regulator decreased the postharvest quality of the tubers. In the Mondial cultivar the growth regulator paclobutrazol was more efficient in reducing the vegetative growth of the plants and maintaining the postharvest quality of the tubers. In both cultivars the greatest effects on growth and commercial yield of tubers occurred between the rates of 50 and 100 g ha-1 of i.a.. In the cultivar Agata the rates of growth regulators reduced the commercial yield of tubers, but in the cultivar Mondial the commercial yield of tubers increased with the application ...
Mestre
De, Villiers André Jaco. "The influence of different calcium levels, irrigation methods and storage temperatures on the yield, quality and growth potential of G0 mini-tubers /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2952.
Full textAraujo, Luciana Silva. "Modelagem de sistemas de atuação de tubeiras através de bond graph." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2009. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2325.
Full textRadtke, Jonas Joacir. "Otimização da geometria da seção divergente de tubeiras de motores-foguete." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37005.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Métodos Numéricos em Engenharia. Defesa: Curitiba, 24/09/2014
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Resumo: Baseado em dinâmica dos fluidos computacional, o presente trabalho investigou a otimização do desempenho de tubeiras de motores-foguete. Para resolver o sistema de equações de conservação de massa, da quantidade de movimento linear e de energia, o código computacional utiliza o Método de Volumes Finitos. Este método é baseado em uma formulação adequada a qualquer regime de velocidade, arranjo co-localizado de variáveis e aproximações de primeira ordem para os termos advectivos e segunda ordem para os termos difusivos. O método SIMPLEC é utilizado para o acoplamento pressão-velocidade. As estimativas de erro numérico foram calculadas utilizando-se os estimadores de Richardson, GCI e Convergente. A validação do modelo foi obtida através de dados experimentais disponíveis na literatura e resultados de referência foram gerados. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a obtenção da geometria da tubeira que maximiza o desempenho do motor-foguete. Foram considerados diferentes modelos matemáticos (Euler e Navier-Stokes) para escoamentos monoespécie e congelado, bem como, diferentes condições de operação (pressão de estagnação e temperatura de estagnação), para avaliar a influência destes modelos e condições de operação sobre a configuração ótima de tubeiras com várias dimensões. Foi desenvolvido um algoritmo de Evolução Diferencial para otimizar a geometria da tubeira. Como resultados, obteve-se a geometria de uma tubeira ótima sob cada uma das condições consideradas, bem como, a avaliação de o quanto e como cada condição afeta as características da tubeira ótima. Mostrou-se que a inclinação ótima de uma tubeira cônica para operação no vácuo é de aproximadamente 25 graus, que possui coeficente de empuxo de até 2,46% superior ao obtido para a tubeira cônica de 15 graus. O ganho no desempenho obtido para tubeiras sino ficou entre 2,2 e 3,7% do desempenho da tubeira cônica de 15 graus. Verificou-se que a tubeira parabólica otimizada possui desempenho muito próximo ao obtido para a tubeira sino otimizada, tal diferença ficou menor do que 0,2% em todos os casos avaliados. Constatou-se que a temperatura do gás e o modelo físico utilizado na simulação numérica são os principais fatores que influenciam a geometria ótima das tubeiras. A geometria obtida pela metodologia proposta, apresentou o mesmo desempenho do que a obtida pelo Método de Rao, além de permitir a utilização de modelos mais realistas na previsão do escoamento. Palavras-chave: Dinâmica dos Fluidos Computacional. Método de Volumes Finitos. Propulsão. Otimização. Motores-Foguete. Estimativa de Erro Numérico. Verificação. Validação. Benchmarks.
Abstract: Based on computational fluid dynamics, this study investigated the performance optimization of rocket engine nozzles. To solve the system of equations of mass conservation, linear momentum and energy, the computational code uses the finite volume method. This method is based on a formulation suitable to any scheme of speed, co-located arrangement of variables and first-order approximations for the advection terms and second order for the diffusive terms. The SIMPLEC method is used for the pressure-velocity coupling. The numerical error estimates were calculated by using the estimators Richardson, GCI and Convergent. Model validation was obtained by experimental data available in the literature and reference results were generated. The main object of this work was to obtain the nozzle geometry that maximizes the performance of the rocket engine. Different mathematical models (Euler and Navier-Stokes) for frozen and monospecies flows were considered, as well as different operating conditions (stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature), in evaluating the influence of such models and operating conditions on the optimum configuration nozzles with various dimensions. An algorithm of Differential Evolution was developed to optimize the geometry of the nozzle. As a result, we obtained the optimal geometry of a nozzle under each of the conditions considered, as well the evaluation of how much and how each condition affects the characteristics of the optimal nozzle. Results have shown that the optimal inclination of a conical nozzle for operation in vacuum is approximately 25 degrees, which has thrust coefficient, up to 2.46% higher than for the 15 degree conical nozzle. The gain in performance obtained for bell nozzles were between 2.2 and 3.7% of the performance of the 15 degree conical nozzle. It has been found that the optimized parabolic nozzle performance is very close to that obtained for the optimized nozzle bell; the difference was less than 0.2% in the performance of all cases evaluated. It has also been found that the gas temperature and the physical model used in the numerical simulation are the main factors that influence the optimal geometry of the nozzles. Geometry obtained by the proposed methodology showed the same performance than that obtained by the method of Rao, besides allowing the use of more realistic models in predicting of flow. Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics. Finite Volume Method. Propulsion. Optimization. Rocket engines. Numerical Error Estimation. Verification. Validation. Benchmarks.
Ponstein, Anne Silene. "Starch synthesis in potato tubers." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 1990. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/291023398.
Full textWang, Yongjin. "Ecologie et phylogénie moléculaires des espèces de Tuber en Chine." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10048.
Full textThe edaphic and climatic conditions in Yunnan and Sichuan are particularly favourable for the production of black truffles. However the ecological conditions in other regions of China such as Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu and Xizang, where are found other Tuber species, are less favourable for truffle fructification. Phylogenetic analyses based on 4 genes coding for 5. 8S-ITS2, β-tubulin, protein Kinase C and elongation factor EF-1alpha, showed that T. Pseudoexcavatum belongs to the black truffle group. Phylogenetically T. Pseudoexcavatum is closely related to the European species T. Bru male and the T. Indicum complex closely related to the European species T. Melanosporum. We suggest that the black truffle group originated from the South of Asia and that it has evolved by two successive migrations towards East and West. The four Chinese black truffles, T. In dicum , T. Sinense, T. Himalayense and T. Pseudohimalayense are net distinguishable, neither morphologically nor microscopically. The phylogenetic and populational studies indicate that they belong to one species: T. Indicum Cooke & Massee. Two ecotypes are existing in China in relation with a post-glacial recolonization from the South towards the North. Other specimens of Chinese truffles collected in the last 25 years were studied. Analyses of ITS1, ITS2 and large mitochondrial sub-unit (mt LrRNA) sequences showed that these samples belong to two groups, the Rufum- and Puberulum-groups. Within the Rufum-group, at least three species or sub-species exist in China: T. Liaotongense, T. Taiyuanense and T. Huidongense. Ln the Puberulum-group, there are aise at least three Chinese species. Two paleogeographical hypothesis are proposed for the genus Tuber. A common ancestor cou Id have arisen in Asia or in Europe
Marín, Alexandra Belén Saona. "Capacidade proliferativa in vitro de precursores neuro-gliais, telencefálicos e expressão dos genes 1 e 2 do Complexo da Esclerose Tuberosa (TSC1 e TSC2)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-08032013-105224/.
Full textThe tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a clinical disorder with variable expressivity, characterized by hamartomas that can occur in different organs. It has autosomal dominant inheritance and is due to mutations in one of two tumor suppressor genes, TSC1 or TSC2. These encode for the proteins hamartin and tuberin, respectively, which are associated in a macromolecular complex which functions as a regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, growth and migration. TSC brain lesions may be severe and are characterized by subependymal nodules (SEN), subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA), neuronal heterotopias and cortical tubers, and may be clinically related to refractory epilepsy, intellectual disability, behavioral disorders and hydrocephaly. The growth potential of SEGA up to 21 years of age in TSC patients requires regular monitoring by imaging. Clinical and surgical interventions may be medically indicated. Subependymal lesions have been explained by deficient control of proliferation, growth and differentiation of neuro-glial progenitors from the telencephalic subventricular zone. While tuberin ability to inhibit cell proliferation by repressing the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been well documented, other cell aspects of SEGA development have not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, it is important to establish conditions for an in vitro system to study the cells from the subventricular zone and to test its suitability for the study of the TSC proteins. In this regard, the neurosphere suspension culture is very appropriate. We evaluated the expression and subcellular distribution of hamartin and tuberin in relation to the proliferation and differentiation capability of neurosphere cells derived in vitro from the dissociation of the telencephalic vesicle of normal E14 rat embryos. These analyses were performed by indirect immunofluorescence in cells from first through fourth passages of neurospheres, synchronized in G1 or S phases of the cell cycle, and after reentry into the cell cycle by the addition of 5-brome-2\'-desoxyuridine (BrdU) and immunolabeling with anti-BrdU antibody. In general, neurosphere cells presented low colocalization between hamartin and tuberin in vitro. Tuberin expression was relatively high in basically all neurosphere cells and cell cycle phases, whereas hamartin distributed mainly to cells from the periphery of the spheres. In these cells, hamartin and tuberin colocalization was evident mostly in the cytoplasm and, in G1, also in the cell nucleus. Rheb, which is known to interact directly with tuberin, had subcellular distribution very similar to tuberin. Cell starvation indicating cell cycle arrest at G1/S redistributed tuberin to the cell nucleus in virtually all cells examined, what was accompanied by nuclear location of hamartin in a small subset of cells. When cells were allowed to reenter cell cycle by adding growth factors, we evaluated BrdU-labeled nuclei 72 and 96 hours later. In the two groups, tuberin was shown to move back to the cytoplasm as well as hamartin, which apparently maintained its lower expression levels distribution underneath the plasma membrane. Group of cells that recycled for 96 hours had significantly more expression of hamartin than those cells that cycled for only 72 hours. After neuronal differentiation, hamartin expression levels observed by immunofluorescence were similar to those of tuberin. We conclude that neurosphere cells cultured in suspension showed to be an appropriate cell system to study hamartin and tuberin distribution in respect to the cell cycle
Germer, Eduardo Matos. "Avaliação do efeito da geometria da seção convergente em tubeiras de motor-foguete." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/36929.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica. Defesa: Curitiba, 15/09/2014
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Resumo: Motores-foguete são propulsores com alta taxa de consumo de propelentes. Em veículos lançadores o peso de propelente fica geralmente na faixa de 80% a 90% de seu peso total. Aumentar a carga útil significa a necessidade de mais propelente, mais estrutura, e maior peso do veículo. Essa restrição justifica trabalhos para melhorar o desempenho do motor-foguete, sendo uma vertente deles o desenvolvimento de tubeiras mais eficientes. A literatura é extensa nas formas de obter um perfil divergente da tubeira que gere empuxo máximo, ou ainda a avaliação da influência do raio de curvatura da garganta, entre outros, porém poucos são os trabalhos que analisam o efeito da seção convergente na geração de empuxo. Neste trabalho é feita uma avaliação numérica da influência da seção convergente sobre o coeficiente de empuxo, o impulso específico, e o coeficiente de descarga de uma tubeira operando no vácuo. Para validação da solução numérica são utilizadas duas tubeiras cujos resultados experimentais estão disponíveis na literatura. As geometrias do convergente testadas são de tubeiras que têm os mesmos raios de garganta e de curvatura da garganta na região do divergente, além do mesmo comprimento do divergente e mesmas razões de áreas, tanto na entrada quanto na saída da tubeira. O fluido utilizado é o ar, modelado como gás termicamente perfeito, mas caloricamente imperfeito. O modelo físico considera a solução das equações de Euler com paredes adiabáticas. O perfil é axissimétrico em coordenadas generalizadas e a malha gerada na discretização é estruturada. O método dos volumes finitos é usado para discretização das equações que representam o fenômeno. A aproximação para termos advectivos é de primeira ordem e de segunda ordem para os termos difusivos e de pressão. O regime é permanente. As soluções numéricas mostram que a geometria do convergente pode variar em até 2,5% os coeficientes de empuxo e de descarga, com pouca variação do impulso específico. O raio de curvatura na garganta na parte do convergente é o fator de maior impacto no empuxo, seguido da inclinação do convergente. Já o raio de curvatura na transição da câmara de combustão/plenum para o convergente tem efeito pouco significativo. Palavras-chave: Bocal convergente-divergente. Tubeira. Verificação. Validação. Dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (CFD).
Abstract: Rocket engines are propellers with high consumption rates of propellants. In launch vehicle the weight of propellant is generally in the range of 80% to 90% of its total weight. Heavy payloads require more propellant mass which means more structure and larger total vehicle weight. This motivates researches to improve the performance of rocket engines, and the development of high performance nozzles. The literature is extensive on methods to obtain divergent nozzle profile to generate maximum thrust, or the evaluation of the influence of the radius of curvature at the throat, among others. However there are relatively few studies about the effect of the convergent section of a nozzle to generate high thrust. This work numerically evaluates the influence of the convergent section on the coefficient of thrust, specific impulse, and the discharge coefficient of nozzle operating in a vacuum. Two nozzles are used to validate the numerical solution, which experimental results are available in the literature. The geometry of the convergent tested are part of nozzles who have the same throat radius and radius of curvature at the throat in the divergent region, same divergent section length and same area ratio at the inlet and at outlet of the nozzle. The fluid used is air, modeled as thermally perfect, but calorically imperfect. The physical model considers the solution of the Euler equations and adiabatic walls. The profile is axisymmetric in generalized coordinates and the mesh generated in the discretization is structured. The finite volume method is used for discretization of the equations that represent the phenomenon. The approach to convective terms is first order and second order for the diffusive terms and pressure. The regime is steady. The numerical solutions show that the geometry of the convergent may vary by up to 2.5% coefficients of thrust and discharge, with little variation in specific impulse. The radius of curvature at the throat of the convergent is the biggest factor in thrust, followed by the slope of the convergent. The radius of curvature at the transition from the combustion chamber / plenum to convergent has little significant effect. Key-words: Convergent Divergent Nozzle. Nozzle. Verification. Validation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
Catchpole, Gareth S. "Novel spectroscopic approaches for analysing the composition of plant tissue." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268510.
Full textDu, Jian-sheng. "Characterisation of sucrose-responsive and tuber-specific elements in a class I patatin promoter." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308296.
Full textSilva, Débora de Oliveira. "Análise de escoamento hipersônico em tubeiras do tipo convergente-divergente em não-equilíbrio químico." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2009. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18@80/2009/03.18.03.20.
Full textThe analysis of hypersonic flow in nonequilibrium condition is of great importance to the utilization of ground test facilities to simulate the hypersonic flight regime. The present work conducts a numerical study of the expansion of air in a convergent-divergent nozzle, which is fundamental to the work been carried out the Laboratory of Aerothermodynamics and Hypersonics Prof Henry T Nagamatsu from the Institute for Advanced Studies. This type of flow has an important role in aerospace applications. Theoretical estimates are derived from a computer code developed at NASA Ames Research Center by Dr. Chul Park using the model of 3 temperatures (translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic), 7 chemical species (N, O, N2, O2, NO, NO +, E-) and 21 chemical reactions considered by Park for the modeling of thermo-chemical phenomenon, and adapted by the present author. Comparisons between experimental results for the expansion in a conical nozzle for the condition of equilibrium and nonequilibrium flow found in other literature and computational results were used for the code validation and presented.
Puga, Ana Cristina Scheidt. "Análise de mutações somáticas e expressão de hamartina e tuberina em lesões do complexo de esclerose tuberosa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3504.
Full textSubramanian, Nithya. "Genetics of mineral accumulation in potato tubers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28113/.
Full textPasare, Adriana Stefania. "Carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolism in potato tubers." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594165.
Full textBell, S. "Factors influencing skin quality of potato tubers." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273169.
Full textObayashi, Yoko. "Novel physiological function of proline and mTOR regulator tuberin." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232154.
Full textEdgell, Teresa. "Ultrastructural and physiological aspects of bruising in potatoes." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341224.
Full textCarrillo, Salazar Jose Alfredo. "An examination of the prediction of yield from two potato models." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342033.
Full textWarnes, Barbara Joan. "Cytokinins and potato tuber development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613693.
Full textBrowning, Luke Wayne. "StCKP and potato tuber dormancy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275074.
Full textPapathanasiou, Fokion. "Glycoalkaloids in potato tubers : developmental and environmental effects." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361271.
Full textThompson, J. M. "Phytophthora Infestans in Potato Tubers : Infection and Transmission." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501594.
Full textMasui, Hironori. "STUDIES ON HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS IN TARO TUBERS." Kyoto University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/168920.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第8374号
論農博第1864号
新制||農||666(附属図書館)
学位論文||H5||N2636(農学部図書室)
UT51-94-B227
(主査)教授 鬼頭 誠, 教授 小清水 弘一, 教授 木村 光
学位規則第4条第2項該当
Junker, Björn H. "Sucrose breakdown in the potato tuber." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/176/.
Full textIn this work different approaches are undertaken to improve the understanding of the sucrose-to-starch pathway in developing potato tubers. At first an inducible gene expression system from fungal origin is optimised for the use of studying metabolism in the potato tuber. It is found that the alc system from Aspergillus nidulans responds more rapidly to acetaldehyde than ethanol, and that acetaldehyde has less side-effects on metabolism. The optimal induction conditions then are used to study the effects of temporally controlled cytosolic expression of a yeast invertase on metabolism of potato tubers. The observed differences between induced and constitutive expression of the invertase lead to the conclusion that glycolysis is induced after an ATP demand has been created by an increase in sucrose cycling. Furthermore, the data suggest that in the potato tuber maltose is a product of glucose condensation rather than starch degradation. In the second part of the work it is shown that the expression of a yeast invertase in the vacuole of potato tubers has similar effects on metabolism than the expression of the same enzyme in the apoplast. These observations give further evidence to the presence of a mechanism by which sucrose is taken up via endocytosis to the vacuole rather than via transporters directly to the cytosol. Finally, a kinetic in silico model of sucrose breakdown is presented that is able to simulate this part of potato tuber metabolism on a quantitative level. Furthermore, it can predict the metabolic effects of the introduction of a yeast invertase in the cytosol of potato tubers with an astonishing precision. In summary, these data prove that inducible gene expression and kinetic computer models of metabolic pathways are useful tools to greatly improve the understanding of plant metabolism.
Junker, Björn H. "Sucrose breakdown in the potato tuber." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/2004/0067/junker.pdf.
Full textPartington, Joanna Clair. "Biochemistry and molecular biology of potato bruising." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265182.
Full textKwoseh, Charles Kodia. "Identification of resistance to major nematode pests of yams (Dioscorea spp.) in West Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340023.
Full textOthman, Rashidi. "Biochemistry and genetics of carotenoid composition in potato tubers." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1336.
Full textEdwards, Everard John. "The accumulation of chlorophylls and glycoalkaloids in stored tubers." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339532.
Full textHemmat, Abbas. "Stress/strain analysis and internal bruising in potato tubers." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357842.
Full textMalone, James. "Interactions of the fungicide 2-aminobutane with potato tubers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28529.
Full textBarros, José Eduardo Mautone. "Escoamento reativo em desequilíbrio químico em bocais convergente - divergente." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 1993. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1724.
Full textDias, Antonio Jose Loreno Giunti. "Estudos para a preparação de tetraidrofuranos substituidos a partir do 'ALFA"-(-)-bisabolol e obtenção de analogos de compostos com atividade biologica." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248435.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: O a-(-)-bisabolol e um sesquiterpeno abundante na natureza e pouco utilizado, como material de partida para rotas sintéticas. Neste trabalho, alguns métodos para a obtenção de anéis tetraidrofuranos (THF) 2,2,5 trissubstituídos a partir do a-(-)-bisabolol foram estudados, como aqueles utilizando de reações syn-oxidativas com o uso de PCC, e principalmente com o uso de AmCPB, MMPP, Oxone® e t-BuOOH/Cp2TiCl2. Este último sistema de reagentes levou a melhores resultados, onde o óxido de bisabolol B foi obtido com 74% de rendimento, 1:30h de reação e proporção trans/cis de 3:1. Pequenas transformações de grupos funcionais permitiram a preparação de análogos de fragmentos portando anéis THF 2,2,5 trissubstituídos da (+)-tuberina, do venustatriol e do 23-acetato de tirsiferol, compostos de origem terpenica que apresentam atividade citoestática e/ou citotóxica in vitro comprovadas. Apesar de aparentemente simples, algumas dessas tranformações do anel THF se mostraram surpreendentes, como uma acetilação da hidroxila terciária do óxido de bisabolol, que só foi bem sucedida utilizando anidrido acético puro e irradiação por microondas, ou ainda uma ozonólise de olefina trissubstituída cuja redução por NaBH4 levou a produção de um ceto-álcool. De posse dos análogos terpenicos, estudos foram iniciados para a obtenção de um análogo da (+)-tuberina. Para tal, a porção fenol amina da tuberina foi sintetizada à partir de produtos obtidos comercialmente. Foram feitas reações de benzoilação e uma desbenzoilação seletiva e alguns experimentos para o acoplamento entre as porções fenol amina e a parte terpência. No entanto, estes testes de acoplamento não levaram a bons resultados e exigem melhor investigação. Adicionalmente bons resultados de alguns testes sobre atividade antineoplásica in-vitro de intermediários derivados do a-(-)-bisabolol foram bem interessantes, indicando um promissor campo de pesquisa, pois epóxidos derivados do óxido de bisabolol B apresentaram alta seletividade às células de tumores renais da linhagem 786-0
Abstract: The a-(-)-bisabolol is a widespread natural sesquiterpene not usually used as starting material on synthetic routes. In this work, some methods for the preparation of 2,2,5 trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans (THF) from a-(-)-bisabolol were studied, as the use of PCC for the syn-oxidatives additions and the use of MCPA, MMPP, Oxone® and t-BuOOH/Cp2TiCl2 for cycloetherification reactions. Better results were obtained with the last reagent system, that produced the bisabolol oxide B in 74% yield, reaction time of 1:30h and trans/cis relation of 3:1. Functional group modifications of the 2,2,5-trisubstituted tetrahydrofuran system lead to some analogues of the fragments of some in-vitro cytostatic or cytotoxic terpenic compounds, like (+)-tuberine, venustatriol and thyrsiferol 23-acetate. Some of these THF transformations showed themselves surprising, as the acetylation of the tertiary hydroxyl of bisabolol oxide B, which best result was reached using pure acetic anhydride and microwave radiation, or an interesting trisubstituted olefin ozonolysis followed by NaBH4 reduction , that leads to a keto-alcohol derivative. With the terpenic compounds in hands, studies were performed to obtain a (+)-tuberine analogue. The phenol amine of tuberine fragment was prepared from commercial compounds. Reactions of benzoilation and selective debenzoilations were performed and then some coupling reactions between the terpenic and phenol structures were tried. A better investigation of these coupling reactions is still necessary. Addicionally, in-vitro tests for antineoplasic activity of some intermediates obtained from a-(-)-bisabolol were performed, and interesting results were observed, showing a promising research field; epoxides derivate from bisabolol oxide B showed good selectivity against 786-0 renal cells carcinoma
Mestrado
Quimica Organica
Mestre em Química
Molinier, Virginie. "Diversité génétique et aromatique de la truffe de Bourgogne." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS021/document.
Full textTruffles are ectomycorrhizal Ascomycota fungi belonging to the Tuberaceae family and more specifically to the Tuber genus. More than thirty Tuber species are currently described in Europe. In this thesis, we specifically focused on the Tuber aestivum-uncinatum model. This truffle is commonly called "Burgundy Truffle" and has a gastronomic and cultural interest.The first part of this thesis focused on the taxonomic status of the Burgundy truffle (Tuber uncinatum). For this, we used a multi-marker approach combining several genetic markers commonly used at the interspecific scale. Our analyses showed that the two taxa, Tuber aestivum (summer truffle) and Tuber uncinatum are conspecific.In the second part, we addressed the genetic diversity of Tuber aestivum. To do this, we firstly developed specific microsatellite markers by "direct shotgun pyrosequencing". This method has allowed the development of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Then, we used those markers to genotype individuals from different European locations. We have identified four differentiated subpopulations that not correspond, for the majority, to a geographical distribution. However, one cluster differs from the others by its location (south of France) and its genetic characteristics (presence of rare alleles). These preliminary results may indicate the existence of a particular ecotype attached to a southern ecology: Tuber aestivum sensu stricto.We were then interested, in the third part of this thesis, to the aromatic diversity of Tuber aestivum at a local scale. Our results highlight the existence of a moderate differentiation between individuals from a natural truffle orchard and individuals from planted orchard. From one season to another, genotypic stability was observed. Only C8 volatile organic compounds seem to be related to the genotypes.In the last part, we analyzed harvesting data, over more than thirty years, from an hazelnut truffle orchard initially inoculated by Tuber melanosporum. Through simple statistical analyzes, we noted changes in both quantity and weight of truffles harvested according to the seasons and hazelnut trees. It appears that Tuber aestivum rapidly replaced Tuber melanosporum (in three years). The disappearance of Tuber melanosporum can probably be explained by the canopy closure; Tuber melanosporum not appreciating excessive shading
Loureda, Oswaldo Barbosa. "Estudo das propriedades ablativas e microestruturais de tubeiras de grafite revestidas com sic utilizando sistema de plasma térmico." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2015. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3373.
Full textSeguel, Plaza Francisco Javier. "Caracterización experimental de las vibraciones producidas por saltos hidráulicos en una tubería." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116504.
Full textEl presente trabajo de título, de carácter experimental, trata sobre la descripción y estudio de las vibraciones producidas por saltos hidráulicos (SH) en una tubería, temática que hasta la fecha no ha sido abordada desde el punto de vista de las vibraciones mecánicas. Los estudios se realizan en una instalación diseñada y construida para forzar la aparición del salto hidráulico para cuatro razones de llenado diferentes en una tubería de diámetro interno 1 ¾ de pulgada. Esta instalación consiste en una bomba centrífuga, una tramo vertical de alimentación, un tramo horizontal en donde se produce el SH, un tramo de descarga y un estanque, conectados como un circuito cerrado en donde el agua recircula. Para medir las vibraciones se utilizan acelerómetros piezoeléctricos dispuestos de manera axial en la tubería de pruebas. Se mide la respuesta de vibración para distintos niveles de agua. Se determinan cinco modos para la tubería de pruebas para tres niveles de agua distintos, concluyendo que el aumento en la cantidad de agua disminuye las frecuencias naturales de algunos modos y produce la aparición de otros. Por otra parte, se estudia el espectro de las vibraciones producidas en el funcionamiento de la bomba, constatándose diversos peaks característicos en múltiplos de la frecuencia de rotación del motor. Se realizan mediciones con y sin la aparición del salto hidráulico en la tubería de pruebas, para dos razones de llenado. El análisis de los espectros obtenidos, a través de la gráfica de la densidad de potencia espectral, muestra varias diferencias entre los ensayos con y sin salto. En las vibraciones producidas por los saltos hidráulicos se comprueba, a altos números de Froude, el ajuste a la ley de decaimiento f^(-5/3) características de las vibraciones producidas por turbulencia en tuberías presurizadas. Por otra parte, se observa la excitación de diversos modos de la tubería en la evolución del salto hidráulico. Se estudia la evolución del valor RMS de la aceleración de las paredes de la tubería en función del número de Froude para cada razón de llenado. Se obtiene que el valor RMS de las vibraciones varía linealmente con el número de Froude. Por otra parte, se observa que el valor RMS de las vibraciones también crece con la razón de llenado. Al comparar las gráficas obtenidas para ensayos con y sin salto se obtiene que el salto hidráulico juega el rol de amplificar las vibraciones en la tubería ya que las vibraciones en los ensayos sin salto muestran un comportamiento similar en cuanto a linealidad y tendencia. Finalmente, se estudia el efecto de disminuir la distancia entre los soportes de la tubería de pruebas, teniéndose como resultado una disminución en el nivel de las vibraciones registradas.
López, Villayzán Silvia Lorena. "Diseño hidráulico óptimo de la tubería forzada de la Central Hidroeléctrica Yuracyacu." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12750.
Full textLandrum, Theodore A. "Tube and tuber : the quest for criteria." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935914.
Full textOsborne, Josephine Frances. "Transmission of powdery scab disease of potatoes by seed tubers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311017.
Full textDilawri, Nitin Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Production and potential applications of flour from Jerusalem artichoke tubers." Ottawa, 1989.
Find full textOcampo, Catacora Walther A., and Herrera Rubén D. Ramírez. "Aplicación de técnicas Lean Construction para planificar y mejorar la gestión de producción de un proyecto de tendido de tubería de gas ubicado en la Selva." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651686.
Full textTesis