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1
Islam, Md Tariqul, Rais Uddin Chowdhury, Rozina Afroz, Sajia Rahman, and Md Mamtazul Haque. "Characterization and Maintenance of Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Germplasm." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 4 (2012): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11748.
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Three experiments were conducted with 60 germplasm accessions of yam (Dioscorea spp.) at Plant Genetic Resources Centre of BARI for characterization and conservation of germplasm. Fifty-nine germplasm accessions of D. alata L. and one accession of D. bulbifera L. from different districts of Bangladesh were used. Clockwise twining direction was found in D. bulbifera and anti-clockwise twining direction was exhibited in all D. alata germplasm accessions. Potato like aerial tuber was found in D. bulbifera. Round, oval, elongate, flattened to irregular aerial tuber shape were found. Grayed-brown, brown to grayed-orange skin colour with yellow, yellow-orange to grayed-orange of aerial tuber flesh colour were observed among the yam germplasm accessions. Oval-oblong, cylindrical, flattened, corm, rhizome to irregular shape of underground stem or tubers were observed. Low, medium to dense types of spiniess of roots were found on the tubers. Grayed-orange, red to black tuber skin colour along with white, yellowish-white, yellow, yelloworange, red to purple tuber flesh colours were found. Significant variations were also observed in stem shape at base, colour of stem, wing and petiole wing, position of leaf, leaf shape and distance between leaf lobes. Low to high phenotypic diversity was exhibited among the germplasm accessions. The germplasm accessions produced 1 to 30 under ground tubers per plant. The main tuber length ranged from 5.4 to 66.4 cm and breadth from 2.5 to 15.5 cm. The germplasm accessions produced 0.51 kg to 16.45 kg tuber yield per plant. The maximum variability was found in tuber yield per plant (98.74%) and the minimum was found in leaf length (12.55%).The under ground tubers of yam were harvested and replanted at an interval of two to three years from 1995 at PGRC. The plants were grown on bamboo trail in the field genebank. Necessary intercultural operations are done for maintaining the yam germplasm accessions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11748 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 605-621, December 2011
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Kurzawińska, Halina, and Mazur Stanisław. "The effect of bio-preparations on the infestation of tubers by Streptomyces spp." Folia Horticulturae 20, no. 2 (2008): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0119.
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Abstract The effect of tuber dressing and plant spraying with Polyversum (B.A.S. Pythium oligandrum) and Biochikol 020 PC (B.A.S. chitosan) bio-preparations on the infestation of potatoe tubers by Streptomyces spp. was studied during the 2005-2007 years. The Vitavax 2000 FS (B.A.S. karboxin and thiuram) was used as a standard fungicide. The results received from field experiments indicate that, during all years of study these preparations significantly reduced tubers infestation by Streptomyces spp. The Polyversum bio-preparation, which was applied to tuber dressing and sprayed on plants four times during vegetation period, showed the best protective effect against Streptomyces spp.
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Mensah Espère, Houngo Ame, Tchabi Atti, and Olowotche Nicolas. "Evaluation of the Potential for Controlling Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Nematodes during the Production Phase using Wrap and Plant Technology and its Effect on Yield in Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Togo." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (2024): 185–97. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1310.023.
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Yam, a key food crop in Togo and tropical Africa, faces increasing threats from plant-parasitic nematodes such as Scutellonema bradys, Pratylenchus coffeae, and Meloidogyne incognita, which damage tubers and reduce yields. This study evaluates the efficacy of the "Wrap and Plant" technology, involving abamectin-impregnated banana paper, to mitigate nematode impacts on yam crops across 18 sites in three agro-ecological zones. Three treatments were tested: T1 (abamectin-treated matrices), T2 (untreated matrices), and T3 (traditional practices). Parameters assessed included sprouting rates, tuber weight, and nematode density in tubers, roots, and soil. Results showed no significant differences in sprouting rates or tuber weight across treatments and zones. However, significant differences were noted in AEZ I for nematode density in roots (P = 0.02) and tubers (P = 0.01), with T1 and T2 reducing nematode numbers in AEZ I and II. In AEZ III, traditional practices (T3) were more effective. The nematodes identified included Pratylenchus spp., Scutellonema spp., Meloidogyne spp., and Rotylenchus spp. The effectiveness of the technology varied by zone, showing promise under specific conditions, while traditional methods sometimes outperformed it.
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Širić, Ivan, and Snježana Širol. "Mogućnosti uzgoja tartufa (Tuber spp.)." Glasnik zaštite bilja 42, no. 6 (2019): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/gzb.42.6.6.
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Cilj ovoga rada je opisati mogućnosti podizanja nasada tartufa te gospodarenje istim. U prvom dijelu rada opisan je tartuf kao gljiva, morfološka i biološka svojstva tartufa te pedoklimatski uvjeti rasta i razvoja. Prikazana su dosadašnja znanja o tartufima koja služe kao podloga razrade programa za njihov uzgoj. Detaljnije su opisani veliki bijeli tartuf te tamnosporni tartuf koji su najzanimljiviji za uzgoj. Također, prikazano je tartufarstvo u Hrvatskoj i svijetu kako bi se ukazalo na značaj te visokovrijedne gljive. Opisan je način obrade tla prije sadnje, plana sadnje te planirani način održavanja plantaže. Temeljem provedenih analiza i proučene literature može se zaključiti kako su određena područja u Hrvatskoj pogodna za uzgoj tartufa sa manjim odstupanjima potrebnih pedoloških uvjeta.
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AWOLOGBI, E., and E. I. HAMADINA. "EARLY INDUCTION OF SPROUTING ON SEED TUBERS OF YAM (Dioscorea spp.) SOON AFTER TUBER INITIATION IN A HYDROPONICS SYSTEM." Experimental Agriculture 52, no. 3 (2015): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479715000174.
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SUMMARYProlonged inability of yam tubers to sprout/germinate is associated with the expression of tuber dormancy, and the start of dormancy in tubers is linked to the onset of tuber formation. Although the plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA) is known to regulate the onset and maintenance of dormancy in tubers, there are no known method(s) of inducing shoot growth (sprouting) on seed yam tubers that are harvested at 240 days after vine emergence or earlier. Therefore, this study was conducted to: (1) determine whether the absorption of fluridone, a reputed ABA inhibitor, prior to or during early seed yam tuber formation would induce sprouting, and (2) determine the effect of fluridone on early shoot growth. The study was a 2×4 factorial experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatment combinations replicated three times. Two species of yam with long dormancy durations were used: D. rotundata var TDr 131 and D. alata var TDa 98/01166; and three concentrations of fluridone were tested (30, 50, 100 µM). Young plants (69 days after vine emergence) of TDr 131 and TDa 98/01166 were grown in a coco coir medium hydroponics system using Hoagland's Nutrient Solution, with or without the test fluridone concentrations. In all fluridone treatments, most leaves of both species of yam had 30–90% of their surface bleached while the stems appeared purplish. In both Controls, all the newly formed seed tubers that were harvested at 90 and 104 days after vine emergence were dormant (devoid of any new shoots/sprouts). In contrast, over 70% of the seed tubers that developed in 30 and 100 µM fluridone had at least one new shoot, particularly in TDa 98/01166. The fluridone treatments did not significantly affect tuber weight or vegetative growth parameters like dimensions and number of leaves. This study has shown that the duration from vine emergence of the old tuber to sprouting of the new tuber can be reduced by more than half if young plants absorbed fluridone during early tuber development.
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Adejumobi, Idris I., Paterne A. Agre, Didy O. Onautshu, et al. "Assessment of the Yam Landraces (Dioscorea spp.) of DR Congo for Reactions to Pathological Diseases, Yield Potential, and Tuber Quality Characteristics." Agriculture 12, no. 5 (2022): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050599.
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Yams (Dioscorea spp.) possess the potential to contribute to food security and poverty alleviation in DR Congo; however, yam production is limited by several constraints, including the lack of yam improvement programs to address challenges relating to yield improvement, resistance to foliar diseases, and post-harvest tuber quality. Identification of a superior genotype for these traits and reservoirs of genes for improvement would guide yams’ improvement. This study aims to evaluate and identify landraces with superior performance for farmers and consumers. We evaluated 191 accessions from six yam species, and significant variation in the performances was observed at p < 0.05. Accessions of D. alata were superior for tuber oxidative browning (−0.01), D. cayenensis for high yield potential (29 t/ha), D. bulbifera for yam mosaic virus (YMV) tolerance (AUDPC = 3.88), and D. rotundata for tuber dry matter content (37%). A high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation (>40) was observed for tuber yield, number of tubers per plots, tuber flesh oxidative browning, and tuber flesh texture. High broad-sense heritability estimates (>60) were similarly observed for all the assessed parameters except number of tubers per plot. Tuber size was identified as the best predictor for tuber yield (b = 2.64, p < 0.001) and tuber dry matter content (b = 2.21, p < 0.001). The study identified twenty stable landrace accessions from three Dioscorea species (D. alata (7); D. cayenensis (2); D. rotundata (11)). These accessions combined high yield potential, high tuber dry matter, high tolerance to YMV and YAD, and low tuber flesh oxidation. The accessions could be considered for the establishment of a yam improvement program in DR Congo.
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Zoteyeva, N. M., and Z. Z. Evdokimova. "Source material from crosses among Solanum L. spp. for potato breeding." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 183, no. 4 (2022): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-115-121.
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Background. Late blight (agent: Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) is one of the most destructive diseases for potato. The climate conditions in the northwest of Russia are very favorable for annual late blight infestation. Spreading of the pathogen leads to significant harvest losses. A promising breeding strategy is to expand the genetic diversity of resistance sources.Materials and methods. Resistance of experimental hybrid clones to late blight, their ability to form tubers under long daylight conditions, and a number of agronomic traits were studied using standard methods.Results. Long-term evaluation data were obtained for original interspecies potato hybrids concerning their resistance to late blight. The hybrids were also assessed for their yield and agronomic tuber characteristics. Some of the produced interspecies hybrids demonstrated field resistance to late blight, high tuber yield, and good agronomic traits. Clones derived from some cross combinations significantly exceeded both parents in tuber yield per plant and tuber size.Conclusions. Crosses between potato cultivars and various late blight resistance sources made it possible to combine in hybrid clones the genes of wild and cultivated Andean species and Solanum tuberosum L. with different pedigrees. Productive hybrid clones with resistance to late blight and good agronomic characteristics promise to become useful material for potato breeding programs.
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Kingsley, Elele. "INVESTIGATION OF PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES OF YAM IN SELECTED YAM FARMS IN TWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF RIVERS STATE." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 2, no. 2 (2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.02.2021.67.71.
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Investigation of plant-parasitic nematodes of yam in selected yam farms in two Local Government Areas of Rivers State was conducted. A total of 22 yam farms were selected and assessed, 12 from Emohua and 10 from Etche Local Governemnet Areas (LGA). Two tubers of yam ready to be harvested were randomly selected and the soil around it were collected, bagged individually and transported to the laboratory for bioassay. Sieve plate nematode extraction technique was used for extraction of nematodes from the tubers and soil. The purpose of the study was to identify the plant parasitic nematodes that affect yam in the selected zone and likely to predict if nematode was a predisposing agent to yam rot in the study area. The results showed that in Emohua LGA, Meloidogtne spp. with mean population of 90.407±0.543 were the most prevalent species in the soil samples followed by Heterodera spp. with 38.622±0.891 and Pratylenchus spp. with 26.322±0.962 while in the roots and yam tuber Meloidogyne spp. had the most prevalent species with mean population of 69.510±0.907, followed by Scutellonema spp. with 15.651±2.201 and then Ditylenchus spp. with 13.7651±2.644. Also, in Etche LGA, Meloidogyne spp., Tylenchulus spp. and Rotylenchulus spp. had the most prevalent species in the soil with mean populations of 24.920±0.479, 22.426±1.093 and 20.202±0.828 respectively. In the roots and yam tubers, Scutellonema spp., Meloidogyne spp. and Heterodera spp. in that order had the most prevalent species with mean populations of 17.814±0.253, 13.240±0.286 and 10.619±0.401 respectively. Data analysis showed that plant-parasitic nematodes recovered from the soil and roots/yam tuber were statistically significant at P<0.05. These showed that the presence of these plant-parasitic nematodes in the study area suggests that they are important pests of yams even though their presence is not noticed by farmers. They could be attributed to poor yield in yams in the study areas.
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Mansvelt, E. L., and E. Carstens. "Outbreak of Erwinia carotovora on Zantedischia spp. in South Africa." Plant Disease 83, no. 10 (1999): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.10.966c.
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In South Africa, summer-flowering Arum lilies are grown for the tuber, potted plant, and cut flower markets. In 1998, an outbreak of soft rot was detected on Zantedischia oculata cv. Black Magic and Z. elliottiana plants from several nurseries. Crop losses of up to 25% were incurred. The initial symptom was wilting of leaves. When plants were lifted from the soil, soft rot of the tuber was found. Tuber rot usually developed on one side, and plants developing from affected tubers wilted and died. No discoloration of leaf or tuber tissues was found. Isolations from diseased tissues consistently yielded bacterial colonies that were translucent, white, and glistening and that had entire margins on nutrient agar. Ten representative isolates were chosen for further characterization. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain B56 was included as a reference strain. All isolates were gram-negative rods, oxidase and arginine dihydrolase negative, catalase positive, and facultatively anaerobic. They degraded pectate and rotted potato slices but did not hydrolyze starch. All isolates fermented glucose, reduced nitrates to nitrites, and grew at a maximum temperature of 37°C. Isolates produced acids from D(+)-glucose, D(+)-cellobiose, melibiose, amygdalin, L(+)-arabinose, D-mannitol, L(+)-rhamnose, sucrose, ribose, D(-)xylose, and D(-)glucose but not from D-arabinose, D-sorbitol, or maltose. Isolates liquefied gelatin and used citrate, arbutine, esculin, salicin, and cellobiose as the sole carbon source. Pathogenicity to Zantedischia spp. was tested by injection of tubers with an inoculum suspension containing 108 CFU/ml. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. Inoculated plants were kept in a greenhouse at 24°C. Symptoms developed 2 days after inoculation with the pathogen and appeared to be identical to those observed on diseased material in nurseries. Control plants did not rot. The bacterium was readily reisolated from diseased plants, confirmed to be the inoculated pathogen, and identified as E. carotovora, based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics and pathogenicity. E. aroideae has been reported to cause soft rot of rhizomes of winter-flowering Arum lilies (Z. aethiopica) in South Africa (1). However, this is the first report of soft rot caused by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora on tubers of Z. oculata and Z. elliottiana plants in South Africa. Reference: (1) V. Wager. 1970. Flower Garden Diseases and Pests. Purnell, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Krejzar, V., J. Mertelík, I. Pánková, K. Kloudová, and V. Kůdela. "Pseudomonas marginalis associated with soft rot of Zantedeschia spp." Plant Protection Science 44, No. 3 (2008): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2008-pps.
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For the first time in the Czech Republic, bacteria identified as <I>Pseudomonas marginalis, Pectobacterium carotovorum</I> subsp. <I>carotovorum</I> and <I>Pseudomonas putida</I> were isolated from tubers of <I>Zantedeschia</I> spp. with symptoms of tuber soft rot. The symptoms occurred on mother tubers as well as on new daughter tubers of different calla lily hybrids with yellow spathe, calla lily cv. Mango with bright orange spathe and <I>Zantedeschia rehmanii</I> with pink spathe. The percentage of diseased plants of the total plants in the plot was around 10%. When inoculated into potato tuber slices, strains of <I>P. marginalis</I> and <I>P. c</I>. subsp.<I> carotovorum</I> produced soft rot. Pectolytic activity of <I>P. marginalis</I> strains was less intensive than that of the <I>P. c.</I> subsp. <I>carotovorum</I> strain. The results confirm that bacterial soft rot of <I>Zantedeschia</I> spp. may have several causes.
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Mwanjala, Tumsifu S., Washa B. Washa, and Stephen I. Nnungu. "Nutritional Potential and Antioxidant Activity of Dioscorea spp. Tubers from Mtwara Rural District, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 50, no. 4 (2024): 765–75. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v50i4.5.
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The wild yam Dioscorea hirtiflora subsp. orientalis, native to the Mtwara rural district in Tanzania, remains underutilized despite its considerable nutritional and health benefits. This study aimed to assess the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of its tubers. Standard AOAC procedures were employed to analyze dried tuber samples, while antioxidants and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. The tuber was found to have carbohydrates content ranging from 21.02% to 23.57%, crude protein from 1.0% to 1.5%, crude lipids between 0.46% and 0.68%, and crude fiber from 11.26% to 13.52%, with an energy value of 97.26 to 101.1 Kcal/100 g. Vitamin C content varied from 18.9 to 26.4 mg/100 g, beta-carotene from 4.15 to 17.8 µg/g, and lycopene from 6.89 to 9.10 µg/g. Methanol extracts revealed total phenolic content ranging from 60.28 to 122.51 mg GAE/g and flavonoids ranging from 599 to 1240.4 mg RUE/g, with notable DPPH radical scavenging activity, demonstrated an EC50 of 0.04 mg/mL for brown tuber extract and 0.09 mg/mL for white tuber extract. These findings suggest that D. hirtiflora is a rich source of vital nutrients and antioxidants, with potential to enhance local diets and serve as a basis for developing antioxidant-rich supplements or functional foods. Future research should focus on refining extraction techniques and exploring the health applications of this valuable tuber. Wild Yam (Dioscorea orientalis); Nutritional Composition; Phenolic; Flavonoid Content; Antioxidant Activity
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Mäkäräinen, E., H. Rita, E. Teperi, and J. P. T. Valkonen. "Resistance toSpongospora subterranea in tuber-bearing and non tuber-bearingSolanum spp." Potato Research 37, no. 2 (1994): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02358712.
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Afolabi, Folasade O., Bolanle A. Akinwande, and Bolanle O. Otegbayo. "Influence of Fertilizer on the Colour and Starch Properties of Yam (Dioscorea spp) Tuber." Asian Food Science Journal 23, no. 12 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/afsj/2024/v23i12754.
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Yam is a tuber crop grown for food security, cultural value and income generation. Due to its high nutrient-demanding nature, soil fertility is required for its cultivation. fertilizer is a crucial agronomic factor in yam production, Still, yam farmers are skeptical about fertilizer usage because of their fear of it exerting poor qualities on yam tubers. Limited information on the effect of fertilizer on yam tuber quality is available. Four varieties each of Dioscorea rotundata (TDr9518544, Danacha, Hembakwase and Ojuiyawo) and Dioscorea alata (TDa291, TDa0200012, TDa0000194 and TDa9801176) were cultivated under non-fertilization, manure fertilizer (4.5t ha‑1 poultry manure) and NPK fertilizer (90, 50 and 75 Kg N, P, K ha-1). The field experiment was conducted in the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The harvested tubers were evaluated for colour indices (L, a*, b* and browning index) and starch properties (starch yield, amylose and amylopectin, starch granule size and shape). Data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System software (SAS) package and means were separated using Duncan multiple range test with a probability of p≤0.05. Fertilizer did not cause browning or any significant change in the colour indices of the tuber flesh. starch yield (18.83 to 28.3%), increase in amylose was observed in D. rotundata in the order; manureNPKcontrol with manure having 92.66% and NPK 40.2% increase. Fertilizer had no significant effect on the granule size and shapes of the starches. Hence, fertilizer, especially manure and NPK, should be used to cultivate yam on nutrient-depleted soil without detrimental tuber colour and starch.
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Krzyzanowska, Dorota M., Tomasz Maciag, Joanna Siwinska, Marta Krychowiak, Sylwia Jafra, and Robert Czajkowski. "Compatible Mixture of Bacterial Antagonists Developed to Protect Potato Tubers from Soft Rot Caused by Pectobacterium spp. and Dickeya spp." Plant Disease 103, no. 6 (2019): 1374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1866-re.
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Possibilities to protect potato tubers from rotting caused by Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) under disease favoring conditions were investigated using compatible mixtures of bacterial antagonists and tested with a newly developed stepwise efficacy-based screening protocol. Twenty-two bacterial antagonists were evaluated against a combination of five Pectobacterium and Dickeya strains representing species and subspecies most often associated with potato soft rot in Europe. To enable potential synergistic activity, the antagonists were initially tested against the combination of pathogens in 15 random mixtures containing up to 5 antagonists each. Three mixtures (M2, M4, and M14) out of 15 tested reduced tuber tissue maceration due to soft rot. The individual antagonists derived from M2, M4, and M14 mixtures were tested on potato slices and whole tuber injection assays. These five strains (S. plymuthica strain A294, E. amnigenus strain A167, R. aquatilis strain H145, S. rubidaea strain H440, and S. rubidaea strain H469) were combined to develop a tailored biological control mixture against potato soft rot. The new mixture, designated the Great Five (GF), was tested on seed potato tubers vacuum infiltrated with antagonists and subsequently with the combination of five SRP pathogens. In these experiments, the GF mixture provided stable protection of inoculated potato tubers, reducing soft rot by 46% (P = 0.0016) under high disease pressure conditions. The A294, A167, H145, H440, and H469 antagonists were characterized for features important for viable commercial applications including growth at different temperatures, resistance to antibiotics, and potential toxicity toward Caenorhabditis elegans. The implications for control of soft rot caused by SRP with the use of the GF mixture of antagonists are discussed.
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Adhikari, Gaurav, Dabit Bista, Anish Bhattarai, and Hemanta Paudel. "EFFECT OF TUBER SIZE AND NUTRIENT SOURCE ON THE YIELD OF YAM (DIOSCOREA SP.)." Acta Scientifica Malaysia 5, no. 1 (2020): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2021.17.19.
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A field experiment was conducted at a private forest at Kalyanpur, Chitwan from March to January of 2018/2019 to evaluate the effect of different tuber size and nutrient source on the yield of yam (Dioscorea spp.). The experiment was laid out in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (factorial RCBD) with two factors i.e. tuber size viz small tuber size (<50 gm.) and large tuber size (100-150 gm.) and nutrient source viz farm yard manure, chicken manure and forest soil, replicated four times. The use of large size tubers has a significant effect on the yield of yam, higher yield (3.05 kg.) with large tuber size. Similarly, the interaction between tuber size and nutrient source was also significant on the yield. The highest yield (3.23 kg.) was made from the large size tuber (T1) and farm yard manure (M1) followed by the large size tuber (T1) and chicken manure (M2). The smallest yield (2.25 kg.) was from the interaction of small tuber size (T2) and farm yard manure (M2). Therefore, the use of a large size tuber (100-150 gm.) with farm yard manure as the nutrient source can be recommended to increase the yield of yam.
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Souza, Mylla Trisha Mello, Joice Aline Freiberg, Tine Grebenc, et al. "Micorrização de trufas em um pomar de nogueira- pecã." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 44, no. 2 (2024): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2024v44n2p379.
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Em pomares, a presença da associação ectomicorrízica de Tuber spp. é fundamental para a produção de trufas. Portanto, este estudo objetivou avaliar a associação ectomicorrízica de Tuber aestivum Vittad e Tuber brumale Vittad em nogueira-pecã, após cinco anos de cultivo em pomar. O experimento foi conduzido em Santa Maria – Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em um pomar de nogueira-pecã implantado com mudas inoculadas com estas duas espécies de trufas. O solo do pomar foi caracterizado para as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo e o quanto ao tipo de solo. As plantas não inoculadas, inoculadas com Tuber aestivum (TA) e inoculadas com Tuber brumale (TB) foram avaliadas quanto ao percentual (%) de raízes colonizadas por Tuber spp., outras ectomicorrizas e raízes não micorrizadas. Após cinco anos do transplante das mudas ao pomar, houve redução da colonização de ambas as espécies de trufas, porém estas apresentam potencial de manter a associação ectomicorrízica com mudas de nogueira-pecã.
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Souza, Mylla Trisha Mello, Joice Aline Freiberg, Tine Grebenc, et al. "Micorrização de trufas em um pomar de nogueira- pecã." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 45, no. 2 (2024): 379–92. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n2p379.
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Em pomares, a presença da associação ectomicorrízica de Tuber spp. é fundamental para a produção de trufas. Portanto, este estudo objetivou avaliar a associação ectomicorrízica de Tuber aestivum Vittad e Tuber brumale Vittad em nogueira-pecã, após cinco anos de cultivo em pomar. O experimento foi conduzido em Santa Maria – Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em um pomar de nogueira-pecã implantado com mudas inoculadas com estas duas espécies de trufas. O solo do pomar foi caracterizado para as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo e o quanto ao tipo de solo. As plantas não inoculadas, inoculadas com Tuber aestivum (TA) e inoculadas com Tuber brumale (TB) foram avaliadas quanto ao percentual (%) de raízes colonizadas por Tuber spp., outras ectomicorrizas e raízes não micorrizadas. Após cinco anos do transplante das mudas ao pomar, houve redução da colonização de ambas as espécies de trufas, porém estas apresentam potencial de manter a associação ectomicorrízica com mudas de nogueira-pecã.
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Mostafa, Mostafa H. "Elicitation of Phytoalexin rishitin in Potato Tuber Slices Infected by Fusarium spp., Does it Consider a Factor of Pathogenicity?" International Journal of Phytopathology 7, no. 2 (2018): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.007.02.2383.
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Potato tubers, under storage conditions, suffer from Fusarium dry rot disease caused by Fusarium spp. leading to devastating losses of stored tubers. Newly harvested tubers are resistance toward Fusarium infection, but disease becomes more vigorous by increasing storage period. Inoculation of potato tuber slices of Desiree cv. (highly susceptible) or Spunta cv. (highly resistant) either by a weak pathogen (F. moniliforme) or severe pathogen (F. solani) and tracking accumulation of phytoalexin rishitin in inoculated tissues at different intervals from inoculation revealed that Desiree cv. accumulated high amounts of rishitin in a very short time in comparison to another three tested situations. Dipping of potato tuber slices of both cvs. in different concentrations of the known antibiotic chloramphenicol prior to inoculation with a weak pathogen (F. moniliforme) led to increased disease severity associated with accumulation huge amounts of rishitin in inoculated tissues. The correlation coefficient between disease severity and rishitin production was +0.83. Moreover, the reaction of spunta cv. toward inoculation by a weak pathogen was changed from the state of resistance to very severe susceptibility. Since chloramphenicol affects protein synthesis on 70S ribosome’s, it was postulated that it prevents synthesis of factor(s) take a part in cell death during infection. Mitochondria extracted from potato tuber tissues secret compound(s) decreased rishitin synthesis in potato tuber slices treated with mycelia extract of F. solani. Treatment of isolated mitochondria with this antibiotic led to the elimination of this factor(s) from their secretions. Results obtained revealed that the elicitation of phytoalexins may consider one of pathogenicity factor of such system.
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Verma, R. S., and R. L. Yadav. "Growth and yield of sugarcane and potato in companion cropping system." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 1 (1986): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600066879.
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SUMMARYTwo potato genotypes, Kufri Sindhuri (KS) and Kufri Chandramukhi (KC), were grown in association with sugarcane (cv. Co 1148) at 1:1 (SP) and 1:2 (SPP) sugarcane (S): potato (P)row arrangements. Growth behaviour and yield of both crops in companionship were compared with those of their sole cropping. Initially, KC accumulated more dry matter in tubers than KS. At harvest, the contribution of tubers to total dry matter was the same in both genotypes. However, KS produced significantly higher absolute tuber yields than KC. Potato row arrangements in sugarcane did not significantly affect the proportion of dry matter in different plant components. However, SPP gave significantly higher tuber yields than SP and was the same as with sole potatoes. Drymatter accumulation, canopy development and yield of sugarcane were not affected significantly by potato row arrangements in the companion cropping system. Sugarcane was unaffected by KC in companion cropping but KS exerted an adverse effect on all the growth characters and yield of sugarcane. Similarly, in sequential cropping, sugarcane yielded significantly less when planted after KS than after KC.
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Adhikari, Aakash, Dipiza Oli, Ashim Pokhrel, et al. "A review on the biology and management of potato tuber moth." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 68, no. 3 (2022): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2022-0009.
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Abstract The potato tuber moth (PTM; caused by Phthorimaea operculella) is one of the most serious insect pests that causes damage to crop production and storage of potatoes. It causes damage to the potato, while larvae of P. operculella feed on and grow in the leaves and tubers of potatoes, resulting in direct product losses. The larvae construct tunnels through tubers and mine leaves, stems, and petioles, resulting in uneven galleries. Foliar damage to the potato crop does not normally result in major output losses, although contaminated tubers may have lower marketability and storage losses of up to 100%. Light watering every 4 days and mulching with neem leaves during the last 4 weeks before the harvest was found to be a successful treatment. Spraying a thin layer of testing natural oils also acts as a defensive layer, which causes confusion or disturbance to the searching neonate larvae. The pest is tough to eradicate, so producers rely heavily on insecticides and biological approaches. Potato tuberworm damage was reduced by rotating esfenvalerate and indoxacarb treatments before and after vine kill. At 5 g/kg potato tuber in farmer rustic storage, Acorus calamus dust exhibited great efficiency in preventing PTM tuber damage. In different regions of the world, parasitoids such as Copidosoma spp. and Apanteles spp. are significant in PTM management. Pheromone traps are used for pest population monitoring as well as pest management in the field and during storage.
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Pertiwa, Susy Ika, J. Jumari, and Erry Wiryani. "Karakterisasi Uwi-Uwian (Dioscorea spp) Dari Banjarnegara Berdasarkan Penanda Morfologi." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 20, no. 2 (2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.20.2.92-99.
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 The diversity of Dioscorea spp. both inter-species and intra-species are spreaded in several areas in Central Java, including Banjarnegara. Dioscorea is a plant that has the potentials to be developed and cultivated. The purposes of this reasearch are to identify the species, characterize the morphological characters (stem, leaf, and tuber) of eight varians Dioscorea spp from Banjarnegara. The sample used in this reasearch are the eight varians of Dioscorea spp from Banjarnegara. The Identification was done by using a identification keys. Characterization of morphological characters was done by using the guidebook of Descriptor for Yam. The results showed that eight cultivars of Dioscorea spp are grouped into two types: Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea esculenta. Dioscorea alata has a stem which rotate the to the right, rectangular shaped of stem, it’s has wing and doesn’t have a spin, elongated heart-shaped leaves, oval-oblong and round shaped tuber. Dioscorea esculenta has a stem which rotate to the left, rounded shaped of stem, it has not wing but spiked, dilated heart-shaped leaf, and oval shape tuber. Keywords: Dioscorea spp, identifikasi, characteristic, morphology,
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Unuk Nahberger, Tina, Hojka Kraigher, and Tine Grebenc. "PCR primers comparisons for a successful Tuber spp. DNA region amplification in routine identifications / Primerjava PCR začetnih oligonukleotidov za uspešno pomnoževanje DNA regije Tuber spp. pri rutinski identifikaciji." Folia biologica et geologica 61, no. 2 (2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0076.
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Since late 20th century DNA sequencing became the method of choice method in precision species identification. The ITS region is one of the official fungal barcoding DNA markers, although in some cases sequencing of the ITS region may, due to misidentification, mislabeling or nomenclature errors in public databases, lead to incorrect or insufficient identification, as is currently a case in the genus Tuber. The aim of this study was to test, which ITS primer pairs are most appropriate and optimal for Tuber species DNA region amplification. Thereby we (1) compared amplification success for different Tuber species using fungal specific primer pair ITS1f and ITS4 and (2) compared amplification success using different ITS primer pair combinations in amplifying DNA region an example species Tuber aestivum. Based on results, Tuber aestivum was one of the most reluctant Tuber species in this study and in most cases failed to amplify with the above primer pair. After comparing different ITS primer pairs, we conclude that the primer pair ITS5 and ITS7 is the most appropriate primer pair for amplification DNA region of T. aestivum as it resulted in high amplification success from ectomycorrhizal root tips. Based on sequences, gained from public databases, we found that ITS1f and ITS6 primers have a mismatch in one base pair compared to the target sequence of Tuber aestivum, thus resulting in poor or no amplification success. Although primer pair ITS5 and ITS7 in our study was proven to be the most appropriate primer pair in amplifying DNA region Tuber aestivum species, further analysis about appropriateness of it for a general barcoding and identification of ectomycorrhiza in complex community samples is needed. 
 Keywords: Tuber spp., ITS region, PCR amplification, ITS primers 
 
 Izvleček
 Od konca 20. stoletja je določanje nukleotidnega zaporedja DNA postalo ena izmed pogosteje uporabljenih metod za določanje vrst. ITS regija je edna izmed uradnih glivnih DNA markerjev, čeprav lahko določanje nukleotidnega zaporedja le-te, v nekaterih primerih, predvsem zaradi napačne določitve, označevanja oziroma napak v nomenklaturi v javnih bazah podatkov, privede do napačne oziroma nenatančne določitve vrst, kar je trenutno težava pri določitvi vrst iz rodu Tuber. Namen te študije je bil testirati kateri pari ITS začetnih oligonukleotidov so najbolj primerni in optimalni za pomnoževanje DNA regij gliv iz rodu Tuber. S tem namenom smo v študiji (1) primerjali uspešnost pomnoževanja DNA regije različnih vrst iz rodu Tuber, z uporabo glivno specifičnih začetnih oligonukleotidov ITS1f in ITS4 ter hkrati (2) primerjali uspešnost pomnoževanja DNA regije vrste Tuber aestivum z uporabo različnih ITS začetnih oligonukleotidov. Na podlagi rezultatov ugotavljamo, da je vrsta T. aestivum izmed vseh analiziranih gliv iz rodu Tuber, bila najtežavnejša vrsta v naši študiji, saj je v večini primerov pomnoževanje DNA regije te vrste z uporabo glivno specifičnih začetnih oligonukleotidov ITS1f in ITS4 bilo neuspešno. Po primerjavi uspešnosti pomnoževanja z različnimi ITS začetnimi oligonukelotidi ugotavljamo, da sta bila v naši študiji ITS začetna oligonukleotida ITS5 in ITS7 najprimernejša za pomnoževanje DNA regije vrste T. aestivum, saj je bila uspešnost pomnoževanja iz ektomikoriznih vršičkov v tem primeru največja. Na podlagi T. aestivum nukleotidnih zaporedij pridobljenih iz javnih podatkovnih baz ugotavljamo, da je za začetna oligonukleotida ITS1f in ITS6 značilno neujemanje s tarčnim nukleotidnim zaporedjem (T. aestivum) v enem baznem paru, kar se lahko odraža bodisi v slabšem pomnoževalnem uspehu ali v nepomnoževanju na splošno. Kljub temu, da v naši študiji ugotavljamo, da sta začetna oligonukleotida ITS5 in ITS7 najprimernejša za pomnoževanje DNA regije glive T. aestivum, so potrebne nadaljnje analize, s katerimi bi potrdili splošno primernost omenjenega para ITS5/ITS7 za pomnoževanje DNA regije ne samo vrst iz rodu Tuber, temveč za določanje ektomikoriznih glivnih združb na splošno. 
 Ključne besede: Tuber spp., ITS regija, PCR pomnoževanje, ITS začetni oligonukleotidi
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Sbrana, C., G. Bagnoli, S. Bedini, C. Filippi, M. Giovannetti, and M. P. Nuti. "Adhesion to hyphal matrix and antifungal activity ofPseudomonasstrains isolated fromTuber borchiiascocarps." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 3 (2000): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-135.
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Pseudomonas spp. isolates from Tuber borchii ascocarps, known to be able to produce phytoregulatory and biocontrol substances in pure culture, were used to perform studies on their possible physiological role in nature. Antimycotic activity was confirmed against fungal contaminants isolated from the ascocarps, suggesting that populations associated with Tuber borchii fruit bodies may play a role in the maintenance of ascocarp health. Fifty-five percent of strains tested were also able to release metabolites which affected T. borchii mycelial growth and morphogenesis in culture. On the contrary, growth of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor, putative competitors of Tuber for mycorrhizal infection sites on roots, was not influenced by the presence of any bacterial strain. The possibility that these bacteria, which show antifungal activity and fungal growth modulation activities, might be incorporated in the developing ascocarp by means of their preferential adhesion to Tuber mycelium is discussed.Key words: Tuber borchii, associated bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., biocontrol, adhesion.
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Gunter, Christopher C., Matthew D. Kleinhenz, and Jiwan P. Palta. "Potato Seed Piece Calcium can Influence Tuber Yield." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 592d—592. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.592d.
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Pathogenic bacteria (Erwinia spp.) can have a significant impact on stand establishment and sprout health. These bacteria cause soft rot of the seed piece, which is common in wet spring conditions resulting in great economic loss. Recent studies have demonstrated that the incidence and severity of soft rot can be significantly reduced by increasing tuber calcium. We investigated the influence of seed piece calcium on tuber production. Field growing potato plants were treated with supplemental calcium during tuber bulking (calcium at 168 kg·ha–1 from calcium nitrate or N-Hib) to increase the seed tuber medullary calcium levels. All three cultivars (`Superior', `Atlantic', `Dark Red Norland') responded to supplemental calcium application with increases in mean calcium contents, even though soil tests showed high native calcium levels (1000 kg·ha–1). Seed tubers were sampled for calcium by removing a longitudinal slice from the center of each tuber and planting one of the resulting halves for seed piece decay evaluation and the other for yield evaluation. Calcium nitrate-treated seed tubers produced higher yields compared to ammonium nitrate and N-Hib in `Atlantic' in `Dark Red Norland'. This trend did not hold true for `Superior'. Our results suggest that a) it is possible to increase seed piece tuber calcium levels with supplemental calcium application even in soils testing high in calcium and b) improving the calcium concentration of the seed piece can increase tuber yield in some cultivars.
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Zjalić, Slaven, Marzia Scapari, Anica Čuka, Zoran Šikić, and Massimo Reverberi. "THE FIRST REPORT OF TRUFFLES (TUBER AESTIVUM VITTAD.) IN ZADAR COUNTY." Geoadria 25, no. 1 (2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.3157.
Full textAbstract:
True truffles (Tuber spp.) are among the most appreciated mushroom in gastronomy. Due to their particular taste and limited natural availability the price of these underground mushrooms is high. In Croatia, the most important presence of Tuber spp. was reported in Istria. Since seven to eight decades ago there have been stories of Zadar’s truffles which are transmitted orally from generation to generation but, till now, no written document that could confirm it has been found. In this study, truffles were searched for on different locations in Zadar County, the presumed truffles were harvested and molecular analyses were performed to identify them. The results undoubtedly show that the summer truffle, Tuber aestivum Vittad. is present in Zadar County.
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Bunga Yuliana and Rusli Rustam. "Test of effectiveness Gadung tuber extract (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) against cacao pod sucker pest (Helopeltis Spp.) in the laboratory." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 9, no. 1 (2023): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.1.0460.
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One of the obstacles in cacao cultivation is the presence of cacao pod sucking pest (Helopeltis spp.) which may lead to decrease the production 50-60%. Using vegetable pesticides extracts of gadung tuber (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) is an alternative for controlling cacao pod sucking pest (Helopeltis spp.). This study aims to obtain an effective concentration of gadung tuber extract to control Helopeltis spp. The research was conducted at the Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University. The study was conducted from September 2021 to November 2021. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications in order to obtain 15 experimental units. The treatments that given were the concentration of gadung tuber extract 0%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. Observation parameters consist of the initial time of death, lethal time 50, daily mortality, total mortality, temperature and humidity. The results showed that the concentration of 90 g.l-1 water or 9% is an effective concentration for controlling cacao pod sucking pest (Helopeltis spp.) with an initial time of death of 4.66 hours, a lethal time of 50 at 14 hours and total mortality 86.66%.
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Johnson, Dennis A., Debra A. Inglis, and Jeffrey S. Miller. "Control of Potato Tuber Rots Caused by Oomycetes with Foliar Applications of Phosphorous Acid." Plant Disease 88, no. 10 (2004): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.10.1153.
Full textAbstract:
Phosphorous acid for control of tuber rots caused by Phytophthora infestans, P. erythroseptica, and Pythium ultimum was applied to foliage of potato cultivars at various application timings and rates under growing conditions in the Pacific Northwest at Othello and Mount Vernon, WA, and Bonners Ferry and Aberdeen, ID in 2001 to 2003. Efficacy was assessed by artificially inoculating harvested tubers. Mean incidence and severity of late blight tuber rot in tubers inoculated with US-8 and US-11 isolates of Phytophthora infestans usually were significantly less when the foliage from which the tubers were obtained was treated with phosphorous acid than when it was not treated at all locations. With two applications of phosphorous acid, late blight tuber rot in the tuber-resistant cv. Umatilla Russet was significantly less than for Ranger Russet. For phosphorous acid at a rate of 9.37 kg a.i./ha, late blight tuber rot control achieved with two applications at 2-week intervals was not consistently improved across locations by making an additional application 2 weeks later. In 2003, incidence and severity of late blight tuber rot did not differ significantly between the rates of 7.49 and 9.37 kg a.i./ha at both Othello and Mount Vernon. Late blight tuber rot incidence and severity were significantly less at a rate of 7.49 kg a.i./ha when the application schedule began at initial tuber bulking rather than when the first application was made 4 weeks after initial tuber bulking at Othello, but not Mount Vernon. Incidence of pink rot was significantly less in inoculated tubers from plots treated with three applications of phosphorous acid than in tubers from nontreated control plots at Mount Vernon in 2002 and 2003, Bonners Ferry in 2002, and Aberdeen in 2003. Pink rot severity was reduced significantly by both two and three phosphorous acid applications at Mount Vernon in 2002. Pink rot incidence, but not severity, was reduced significantly at all timings when either 7.49 or 9.37 kg a.i./ha was applied at Mount Vernon in 2003. Control of Pythium spp. by phosphorous acid was not evident in this study. Total tuber yield at harvest did not differ significantly among the phosphorous acid treatments and the nontreated control at Othello and Mount Vernon in 2001 and 2002.
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Paolocci, Francesco, Andrea Rubini, Claudia Riccioni, and Sergio Arcioni. "Reevaluation of the Life Cycle of Tuber magnatum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 4 (2006): 2390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2390-2393.2006.
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ABSTRACT Tuber spp. are ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes that produce ascocarps known as truffles. Basic aspects of Tuber biology have yet to be fully elucidated. In particular, there are conflicting hypotheses concerning the mating system and the ploidy level of the mycorrhizal and truffle hyphae. We used polymorphic microsatellites to compare the allelic configurations of asci with those from the network of the surrounding hyphae in single Tuber magnatum truffles. We then used these truffles to inoculate host plants and evaluated the microsatellite configurations of the resulting mycorrhizal root tips. These analyses provide direct evidence that T. magnatum outcrosses and that its life cycle is predominantly haploid. In addition to its scientific significance, this basic understanding of the T. magnatum life cycle may have practical importance in developing strategies to obtain and select nursery-produced mycorrhizal plants as well as in the management of artificial plantations of this and other Tuber spp.
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Purnomo, Purnomo, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Rugayah Rugayah, and Issirep Sumardi. "Studi Etnobotani Dioscorea spp. (Dioscoreaceae) dan Kearifan Budaya Lokal Masyarakat di Sekitar Hutan Wonosadi Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 14, no. 3 (2013): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.14.3.191-198.
Full textAbstract:
Dioscorea spp. were cultivated as alternative food in the garden and yard on dry season, and it’s planted by peoples in the villages. The objectives of the research are to identify the species, the tuber use, and the local wisdom to support the conservation of Dioscorea around Wonosadi forest. Samples and data collection was conducted in 15 villages around Wonosadi forest. Interview survey was done on peoples who are cultivate yam species (Dioscorea spp.) in their garden. Research were emphasized to tuber characteristic, traditional uses, and local wisdom to supporting yam conservation. Data was analyzed descriptively to illustrate the kind of local usage and local wisdom of connect with Dioscorea spp. The results showed that there were found species of gembili (D. esculenta (Lour.) Burk.), uwi (D. alata L.), and gadung (D. hispida dennst.) as cultivated plants, and tomboreso (D. pentaphylla L.), gembolo (D. bulbifera L.), and jebubuk (D. numularia Lamk.) as wild species in the forest. Tuber is raw material for many kind of food based on carbohydrate content. Gadung were used as fickle food with high diversification and insecticide for rice and corn. Peoples more consume gembili and uwi than gembolo and others species as rice substitute at dry season. The local wisdom were indicated that peoples still consume gembili and uwi as rice substitute, while tuber also used as sesaji in traditional concept jajan pasar or tukon pasar, and tuber of uwi was used as diet for diabetes complaint, and row material of uwi ungu tuber was used effectively for diarrhea complaint in the villages.
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Segelke, Torben, Stefanie Schelm, Christian Ahlers, and Markus Fischer. "Food Authentication: Truffle (Tuber spp.) Species Differentiation by FT-NIR and Chemometrics." Foods 9, no. 7 (2020): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070922.
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Truffles are certainly the most expensive mushrooms; the price depends primarily on the species and secondly on the origin. Because of the price differences for the truffle species, food fraud is likely to occur, and the visual differentiation is difficult within the group of white and within the group of black truffles. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a reliable method for the authentication of five commercially relevant truffle species via Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy as an easy to handle approach combined with chemometrics. NIR-data from 75 freeze-dried fruiting bodies were recorded. Various spectra pre-processing techniques and classification methods were compared and validated using nested cross-validation. For the white truffle species, the most expensive Tuber magnatum could be differentiated with an accuracy of 100% from Tuber borchii. Regarding the black truffle species, the relatively expensive Tuber melanosporum could be distinguished from Tuber aestivum and the Chinese truffles with an accuracy of 99%. Since the most expensive Italian Tuber magnatum is highly prone to fraud, the origin was investigated and Italian T. magnatum truffles could be differentiated from non-Italian T. magnatum truffles by 83%. Our results demonstrate the potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy for the authentication of truffle species.
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Žibrat, Uroš, Barbara Gerič Stare, Matej Knapič, Nik Susič, Janez Lapajne, and Saša Širca. "Detection of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne luci Infestation of Potato Tubers Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and Real-Time PCR Molecular Methods." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (2021): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101996.
Full textAbstract:
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are considered the most aggressive, damaging, and economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes and represent a significant limiting factor for potato (Solanum tuberosum) production and tuber quality. Meloidogyne luci has previously been shown to be a potato pest having significant reproductive potential on the potato. In this study we showed that M. luci may develop a latent infestation without visible symptoms on the tubers. This latent infestation may pose a high risk for uncontrolled spread of the pest, especially via seed potato. We developed efficient detection methods to prevent uncontrolled spread of M. luci via infested potato tubers. Using hyperspectral imaging and a molecular approach to detection of nematode DNA with real-time PCR, it was possible to detect M. luci in both heavily infested potato tubers and tubers without visible symptoms. Detection of infested tubers with hyperspectral imaging achieved a 100% success rate, regardless of tuber preparation. The real-time PCR approach detected M. luci with high sensitivity.
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Širić, Ivan, and Matija Mišić. "Mogućnosti proizvodnje presadnica za uzgoj tartufa (Tuber spp.)." Glasnik zaštite bilja 45, no. 4 (2022): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/gzb.45.4.10.
Full textAbstract:
Ektomikorizne simbioze između gljiva i višegodišnjih biljka prirodno su prisutne u gotovo svim kopnenim ekosustavima. Ektomikoriznom zajednicom biljke osiguravaju organske tvari za ishranu gljiva, a zauzvrat dobivaj povećanu apsorptivnu površinu korijenovog sustava te brojne druge dobrobiti kao što su poboljšana ishrana bilja, povećana tolerantnost na štetočinje, toksicitet teških metala te uvjete suše i zaslanjenosti, povećan rast i prinosi. Budući da se staništa gljiva u ovom slučaj tartufa u Hrvatskoj sve više iscrpljuju, kao alternativa nudi se plantažni uzgoj tartufa. U radu su prikazane mogućnosti proizvodnje presadnica za uzgoj tartufa. Ovaj rad dat će doprinos spoznajama o mogućnostima proizvodnje kvalitetnog sadnog materijala za uspješnu proizvodnju tartufa.
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Zambonelli, Alessandra, Pamela Leonardi, Mirco Iotti, and Ian Hall. "ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ADVANCES IN THE CULTIVATION OF TUBER SPP." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 40, no. 4 (2017): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2017.4.371-377.
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Recent advances on the ecology and genetics of true truffles (Tuber spp.) are reported and their impact on truffle cultivation is discussed. New insights have been gained on truffle soil ecology and interrelationships of truffles with associated microorganisms in the soil. For instance, some bacteria seem to play a key role in truffle fruiting body formation and maturation. However, the most important advance in truffle genetics over the past 20 years has been the sequencing of the Tuber melanosporum genome and the discovery that truffles, like other Pezizalean fungi, are heterothallic. This finding has had a significant impact on research on truffles and many studies have been devoted to better understanding the distribution of the mating types in soil in natural and cultivated truffières. The characterization of the mating type idiomorphs of several Tuber species has led to the possibility of selecting mycelial strains for truffle cultivation in particular sites.
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Thangavel, Tamilarasan, Robert S. Tegg, and Calum R. Wilson. "Toughing It Out—Disease-Resistant Potato Mutants Have Enhanced Tuber Skin Defenses." Phytopathology® 106, no. 5 (2016): 474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-15-0191-r.
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Common scab, a globally important potato disease, is caused by infection of tubers with pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Previously, disease-resistant potato somaclones were obtained through cell selections against the pathogen’s toxin, known to be essential for disease. Further testing revealed that these clones had broad-spectrum resistance to diverse tuber-invading pathogens, and that resistance was restricted to tuber tissues. The mechanism of enhanced disease resistance was not known. Tuber periderm tissues from disease-resistant clones and their susceptible parent were examined histologically following challenge with the pathogen and its purified toxin. Relative expression of genes associated with tuber suberin biosynthesis and innate defense pathways within these tissues were also examined. The disease-resistant somaclones reacted to both pathogen and toxin by producing more phellem cell layers in the tuber periderm, and accumulating greater suberin polyphenols in these tissues. Furthermore, they had greater expression of genes associated with suberin biosynthesis. In contrast, signaling genes associated with innate defense responses were not differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible clones. The resistance phenotype is due to induction of increased periderm cell layers and suberization of the tuber periderm preventing infection. The somaclones provide a valuable resource for further examination of suberization responses and its genetic control.
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Petrzik, Karel, Josef Vacek, Martin Kmoch, et al. "Field Use of Protective Bacteriophages against Pectinolytic Bacteria of Potato." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (2023): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030620.
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The pectinolytic Dickeya solani bacterium is an important pathogen found in potatoes. We conducted laboratory and field experiments mimicking severe and mild Dickeya spp. infection and investigated the application of a mixture of two lytic bacteriophages before and after bacterial infection to protect the plants. Application of the phage solution to tuber disks and wounded tubers did not completely eliminate the infection but reduced the development of soft rot symptoms by 59.5–91.4%, depending on the phage concentration. In the field trial, plants treated with bacteriophages after severe Dickeya infection had 5–33% greater leaf cover and 4–16% greater tuber yield compared to untreated plants. When simulating a mild infection, leaf cover was 11–42% greater, and tuber yield was 25–31% greater compared to untreated plants. We conclude that the phage mixture has the potential to protect potatoes ecologically from D. solani.
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Gatarira, Cobes, Paterne Agre, Ryo Matsumoto, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Tuber Dry Matter and Oxidative Browning in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)." Plants 9, no. 8 (2020): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080969.
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Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a nutritional and medicinal staple tuber crop grown in the tropics and sub-tropics. Among the food yam species, water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is the most widely distributed and cultivated species worldwide. Tuber dry matter content (DMC) and oxidative browning (OxB) are important quality attributes that determine cultivar acceptability in water yam. This study used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay from a diversity arrays technology (DArT) platform for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the two quality traits in a panel of 100 water yam clones grown in three environments. The marker–trait association analysis identified significant SNPs associated with tuber DMC on chromosomes 6 and 19 and with OxB on chromosome 5. The significant SNPs cumulatively explained 45.87 and 12.74% of the total phenotypic variation for the tuber DMC and OxB, respectively. Gene annotation for the significant SNP loci identified important genes associated in the process of the proteolytic modification of carbohydrates in the dry matter accumulation pathway as well as fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisome for enzymatic oxidation. Additional putative genes were also identified in the peak SNP sites for both tuber dry matter and enzymatic oxidation with unknown functions. The results of this study provide valuable insight for further dissection of the genetic architecture of tuber dry matter and enzymatic oxidation in water yam. They also highlight SNP variants and genes useful for genomics-informed selection decisions in the breeding process for improving food quality traits in water yam.
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K. SUSAN JOHN, JAMES GEORGE, S.U. SHANIDA BEEGUM, and Y.S. SHIVAY. "Soil fertility and nutrient management in tropical tuber cropsAn overview." Indian Journal of Agronomy 61, no. 3 (2001): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v61i3.4368.
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Tuber crops are the most important land-grown food crops after cereals and grain legumes. They are either the staple or subsidiary food for about one-fifth of the human population, mostly in the developing countries of the tropics. Tropical tuber crops like cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.), sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], yams (Discorea spp.), aroids and minor tubers deserve special recognition owing to their higher biological effi- ciency (250 kcal/ha/day), ability to sustain under marginal environmental conditions, less incidence of insect-pests and diseases, high starch content (1535%) and their excellent physico-chemical and biochemical properties in the preparation of several value-added products. Though tuber crops especially cassava grow under marginally fertile soil conditions, our experience under a long-term fertilizer experiment revealed their very high and positive response to manures and fertilizers. This review encompasses the research work undertaken in the soil fertility and nutrient management of tropical tuber crops covering aspects on nutrient uptake/ utilization, fertilizer-cum- manurial recommendations, critical nutrient concentrations, nutritional disorders, and their correction.
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SINAM, Yoirentomba Meetei, Sanjeev KUMAR, Sachin HAJARE, Satyendra GAUTAM, Guruaribam SHANTIBALA, and Arun SHARMA. "Morpho-phenological and Antibacterial Characteristics of Aconitum spp." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 5, no. 2 (2013): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb529058.
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Aconitum species have been traditionally used as ethnomedicine to cure various ailments. The present study reveals the morpho-phenology and antibacterial property of alkaloid extracts of the two Aconitum species. The morpho-phenological characteristics will be helpful for determining the resource availability. Aconitum nagarum is erect type, whereas, Aconitum elwesii is a climber. Aconitum elwesii grows in advance of A. nagarum in terms of growth, flowering and senescence. Towards the end of the year, when the fruits have ripened, the parent tuber dies off. As a result, the daughter tuber becomes independent and in the following spring, takes over the function of the parent tuber. Aconitum nagarum and A. elwesii were found to contain 4-5 aconitine equivalent (AE) mg/g of alkaloid. These alkaloids showed antibacterial activity against different bacterial species including human pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Xanthomonas campestris. However, the extent of antibacterial activity varied among different bacterial species. The antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. bronchiseptica, and B. subtilis was bactericidal in nature, whereas, against other tested bacterial species was bacteriostatic. Efficacy of the antibacterial activity of these alkaloids was evaluated by comparing with that of standard antibiotics. Differential localization of the antibacterial principle was observed among the Aconitum species studied.
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Anggarwulan, Endang, Widya Mudyantini, and Yuniar Nilawati. "PERTUMBUHAN TIGA JENIS KIMPUL (Xanthosoma spp.) P PADA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT BERBEDA." Agric 27, no. 1 (2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2015.v27.i1.p44-49.
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<p>Indonesian society has a consumption pattern dominated staple grains group. To reduce dependence on other countries for imports of foodstuffs, need to diversification their meal using existing biodiversity. One of the crops that can be developed is the cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp.) potential as a source of carbohydrate. Cocoyam can be grown in the lowland to the mountains with a height of up to 1300 meters above sea level. Therefore it is necessary to find the most appropriate planting site so that plants can grow and develop optimally. This study aimed to determine the growth of three types of new cocoyam at a different altitude variation. This study was conducted in two different regions of altitude, is Tawangmangu (1200 m above sea level) and Klaten (98 m above sea level). Observations using three different types of cocoyam, the tuber white, purple and yellow. Each type grown in both altitude with 10 replications each. The observations were obtained include fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were analyzed by unpaired t test and ANOVA test at 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate that tuber white, purple and yellow tuber are planted in the lowlands (Klaten) and highlands (Tawangmangu) had significant results in the measurement of plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll and carotenoid levels have significantly different results, but not the parameters of the number of leaves. Height and weight of the fresh plant<br />in Klaten higher than in Tawangmangu, while the white tuber dry weight in Tawangmangu higher than other treatments. The levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid yellow tuber is the highest in Klaten than others.</p>
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Oyerinde, A. S., and A. P. Olalusi. "Effect of Moisture Content on Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties of Two Varieties of Tigernut (Cyperus spp)." Journal of Food Research 2, no. 6 (2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n6p24.
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<p>The effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of two varieties of tigernuts (<em>Cyperus esculentus</em>) was investigated. These properties include: geometric dimensions, linear dimensions, 1000 tuber weight, bulk density, tuber size, sphericity, angle of repose, porosity, coefficient of static friction and compressive strength. The moisture content levels used were 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% wet basis (wb), and the two tigernut varieties used were yellow and brown types. The linear dimension, geometric diameter, sphericity, 1000- tuber weight, bulk density and angle of repose in both varieties increased with increasing moisture content. The average length, width and thickness of the yellow variety increases more than the brown variety at the determined moisture contents. True density of the yellow variety increased while the brown variety decreased with increase in moisture content. The porosity of the yellow variety reduces with increase in moisture content from 45.95 at 20% mc to 42.4 at 40% mc, while the brown variety decreased from 42.72 at 20% mc to 30.77 at 40% moisture content. The yellow variety had bigger size tubers than the brown variety and this has serious implications in packing, handling and transportation issues.</p>
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Kinoshita, Akihiko, Hiromi Sasaki, and Kazuhide Nara. "Two new truffle species, Tuber japonicum and Tuber flavidosporum spp. nov. found from Japan." Mycoscience 57, no. 5 (2016): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.06.006.
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Hilszczanska, Dorota, Aleksandra Rosa-Gruszecka, and Hanna Szmidla. "Characteristic of Tuber spp. localities in natural stands with emphasis on plant species composition." Acta Mycologica 1, no. 1 (2014): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2014.024.
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Fungi belonging to the genus <em>Tuber</em> establish ectomycorrhizal symbioses with shrubs, trees and some herbaceous plants. Some <em>Tuber</em> species, for example, <em>T. melanosporum</em>, <em>T. magnatum</em>, <em>T. aestivum</em> are economically important because they produce edible fruiting bodies with a distinctive taste and flavor. Our concept of truffle ecophysiology is dominated by the symbiosis with deciduous hosts, such as: <em>Quercus</em> spp., <em>Fagus sylvatica</em>, <em>Castanea sativa</em>, <em>Corylus</em> spp., <em>Carpinus betulus</em>, <em>Ostrya carpinifolia</em>, <em>Betula verrucosa</em>, and <em>Tilia</em> spp., whereas the real range of hosts in nature seems to be much wider. Moreover, interactions between <em>Tuber</em> mycelium and plant community could be more complex than just forming the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Here we show our inventory of plants and soils at six truffle’ sites in the southern part of Poland (Nida Basin and Przedbórz Upland). The aim of this study was to widen our understanding of ecological factors affecting <em>Tuber</em> spp., in the context of pioneering stage of research on truffles in Poland. We hope our findings will have a practical application and will help to choose suitable soils for truffle orchards.
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Zubi, Wafa, Asma A. Elamari, Tahani M. Awin, Nawal M. Buzgaia, and Abdusslam M. Elmogassapi. "Antifungal activity of tuber extracts of Cyclamen rohlfsianum against some human pathogenic Candida spp." مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية 9, no. 4 (2024): 185–94. https://doi.org/10.59743/jau.v9i4.2098.
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Cyclamen rohlfsianum is a plant species endemic to Al-jabal al-Akhdar, Libya and is important in folk medicine. Recently, scientists pay more attention of this plant in term of it’s antimicrobial activity and use to get rid of the infections that cause by bacteria and candida; therefor, this study was conducted. This study investigated the antifungal activity of C. rohlfsianum tuber extracts against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusi using a disc diffusion method. The plant tuber extracts were prepared using four different solvents with different polarities (ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane, and ethanol) and applied at a concentration of 0.01 mg/ml. Antifungal activity against C. albicans was observed in chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane plant extract (inhibition zone 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7 mm in diameter respectively). However, only hexane and chloroform plant extract inhibited the growth of C. krusi, with hexane tuber extract being the most effective (inhibition zone of 1.3 mm in diameter) compared to the chloroform plant extract (0.7 mm inhibition zone). The plant tuber extracts did not affect the growth of C. tropicalis. Nystatin did not affect the growth of any of the candida spp. The study confirmed the activity of C. rohlfsianum tuber extracts against some species of candida.
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Kifilideen, Lekan Osanyinpeju, A. ADERINLEWO ADEWOLE, U. DAIRO OLAWALE, R. ADETUNJI OLAYIDE, and S.A. AJISEGIRI EMMANUEL. "APPLICATION OF VIBRATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE CONTROL OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF YAM (Dioscorea spp.) SPROUTS DURING STORAGE IN FUNAAB, NIGERIA ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Bioresource Management ISSN: 2309-3854 9, no. 1 (2022): 146–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6385456.
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Early sprouting of yam tuber is a typical problem during storage resulting into weight losses, deterioration, shrinkage and reduction in quality. This research work therefore carried out investigation on the application of vibration technique for the control of physical properties of yam (Dioscorea spp.) sprouts during storage in FUNAAB, Nigeria environment. The physical properties (length, number and weight of sprout, number of leaves and weight of roots) of the yam sprouts were determined for 140 white yam tubers. The yam tubers were divided into 108 experiment and 32 as control. The factors of the experimental design examined were frequency, amplitude and time of vibration of low (1 – 5 Hz, 5 mm and 3 minutes), medium (60 – 100 Hz, 10 mm and 10 minutes) and high (150 – 200 Hz, 20 mm and 15 minutes) respectively; weight of yam tuber of two levels of small (0.1 – 2.9 kg) and big (3.0 – 5.0 kg) were also considered. The tubers were stored for ten weeks after vibration, the physical properties of the yam sprouts were observed and records were taken every week. All the physical properties of yam sprouts examined followed the same trend. It was discovered that as the frequency, amplitude and time of vibration were increasing, the physical properties of the yam sprouts studied were decreasing significantly at p < 0.05 for both weight of yams between 0.1 – 2.9 kg and between 3.0 – 5.0 kg. The results revealed that mechanical vibration significantly help in slowing down sprouting in yam tubers.
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Hao, J. J., Q. X. Meng, J. F. Yin, and W. W. Kirk. "Characterization of a New Streptomyces Strain, DS3024, That Causes Potato Common Scab." Plant Disease 93, no. 12 (2009): 1329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-12-1329.
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A novel strain of Streptomyces (named DS3024) was isolated from a potato field in Michigan in 2006. The taxonomy of the organism was determined by morphology, biochemistry, and genetic analysis. Analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence indicated that the organism was most similar to an isolate of Streptomyces sp., ME02-6979.3a, which is not pathogenic to potato tubers but is distinct from other known pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Strain DS3024 has genes that encode thaxtomin synthetase (txtAB), which is required for pathogenicity and virulence, and tomatinase (tomA), which is a common marker for many pathogenic Streptomyces spp. However, the nec1 gene (associated with virulence in most pathogenic Streptomyces spp.) was not detected. The new strain was capable of growth at pH 4.5, caused necrosis on potato tuber slices, and produced thaxtomin A. In greenhouse experiments, DS3024 caused scab symptoms on potato tubers similar to those caused by Streptomyces scabies on tubers of potato cv. Atlantic, which is scab susceptible. We propose that DS3024 is a new strain of Streptomyces capable of causing common scab on potato tubers. The prevalence of this strain of Streptomyces in potato-producing areas in the north-central United States has not been determined.
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Marutani, M., and F. Cruz. "Influence of Supplemental Irrigation on Development of Potatoes in the Tropics." HortScience 24, no. 6 (1989): 920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.6.920.
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Abstract An experiment was conducted under tropical conditions in Guam to determine the influence of supplemental irrigation on plant development and tuber yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Red Pontiac). Three levels of trickle irrigation were compared with nonirrigated plots. Soil moisture levels of irrigated plots were maintained at soil tensions of 10, 40, and 70 kPa. Frequent irrigation promoted rapid canopy development. In contrast, canopy development of nonirrigated plants was reduced. Supplemental irrigation did not influence the date of tuber initiation. The heavily irrigated plots had reduced yields primarily due to outbreak of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and soft rot bacteria (Erwinia spp.).
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FU, HAO-YU, and LI FAN. "Tuber melanorufum and T. tomentellum, two new truffle species from China." Phytotaxa 594, no. 3 (2023): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.2.
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Tuber melanorufum and T. tomentellum spp. nov. are described and illustrated in this paper based on the morphological and phylogenetic data. Tuber melanorufum is diagnosed by the red-brown to blackish ascomata covered with distinctly fine warts and the ellipsoid to long ellipsoid ascospores ornamented with very crowded spine-reticulations. Tuber tomentellum is characterized by the large ascospores and two types of hairs arising from the outer cells of the peridium. Phylogenetic analyses place T. melanorufum and T. tomentellum in the Rufum and Puberulum clades, respectively.
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Garcia-Montero, Luis G., Domingo Moreno, Vicente J. Monleon, and Fernando Arredondo-Ruiz. "Natural production of Tuber aestivum in central Spain: Pinus spp. versus Quercus spp. brûlés." Forest Systems 23, no. 2 (2014): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2014232-05112.
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Segneanu, Adina-Elena, Melinda Cepan, Adrian Bobica, et al. "Chemical Screening of Metabolites Profile from Romanian Tuber spp." Plants 10, no. 3 (2021): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030540.
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Truffles are the rarest species and appreciated species of edible fungi and are well-known for their distinctive aroma and high nutrient content. However, their chemical composition largely depends on the particularities of their grown environment. Recently, various studies investigate the phytoconstituents content of different species of truffles. However, this research is still very limited for Romanian truffles. This study reports the first complete metabolites profiles identification based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS) of two different types of Romania truffles: Tuber magnatum pico and Tuber brumale. In mass spectra (MS) in positive mode, over 100 metabolites were identified from 14 secondary metabolites categories: amino acids, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, organic acids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, sulfur compounds, sterols, hydrocarbons, etc. Additionally, the biological activity of these secondary metabolite classes was discussed.
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Riccioni, Claudia, Andrea Rubini, Beatrice Belfiori, Valentina Passeri, Francesco Paolocci, and Sergio Arcioni. "Tmt1: the first LTR-retrotransposon from a Tuber spp." Current Genetics 53, no. 1 (2007): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00294-007-0155-9.
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