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Journal articles on the topic 'Tuberculosis – Botswana'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bonora, S., M. Boffito, S. Audagnotto, G. Di Perri, S. Lockman, C. R. Braden, J. W. Tappero, and N. J. Binkin. "Tuberculosis Transmission in Botswana." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 3815–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.39.10.3815-3816.2001.

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Mogashoa, Tuelo, Lucy Mupfumi, Thato Iketleng, Pinkie Melamu, Nametso Kelentse, Nicola Zetola, Margaret Mokomane, et al. "PO 8408 DETECTION OF EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS CLINICAL ISOLATES IN BOTSWANA." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A33.1—A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.85.

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BackgroundThe emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains is a serious threat to tuberculosis control in Botswana. Early detection of drug-resistant isolates is critical to ensure optimal treatment and thereby improve treatment outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of second-line drug resistance among drug-resistant Mtb-isolates from Botswana.MethodsA total of 60 drug-resistant Mtb isolates received at Botswana National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory between 2012 and 2013 were analysed. DNA was extracted from BD Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) using GenoLyse DNA isolation kit (Hain Lifescience). Spoligotyping was done using a commercially available spoligotyping kit (Isogen Life Science). The spoligotype patterns were compared with existing patterns in the SITVIT2 Web database. GenoType MTBDRs assay (Hain Lifescience) was used for second-line drug susceptibility testing. Fisher’s exact test was used to test for association between drug resistance patterns and HIV status, lineage and geographical location.ResultsSeventeen distinct spoligotype patterns were detected amongst the 60 drug-resistant isolates. The most predominant lineages were Euro-American (58.3%), East Asian (25%) and Indo-Oceanic (15%). Fifty (83.3%) were MDR, 7 (11.7%) were resistant to fluoroquinolones (Pre-XDR) whereas 3 (5%) were resistant to both fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs (XDR). Drug resistance profiles were significantly associated with Mtb lineage (p<0.001). There was no association between drug resistance profile and HIV status (p=0.057) and geographical location (p=0.372).ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of including second-line drug susceptibility testing in a testing algorithm in Botswana. The detection of XDR isolates among MDR-TB isolates highlights the ongoing evolution of resistance and the need for strengthened treatment regimens to improve treatment outcomes and to prevent the spread of these highly resistant strains. Second-line testing will be essential if the 9 month MDR regimen is used in Botswana.

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Kumaresan, J. A., and E. T. Maganu. "Case holding in patients with tuberculosis in Botswana." BMJ 305, no. 6849 (August 8, 1992): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.305.6849.340.

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Mogashoa, Tuelo, Pinkie Melamu, Serej D. Ley, Elizabeth M. Streicher, Thato Iketleng, Nametso Kelentse, Lucy Mupfumi, et al. "Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in Botswana." PLOS ONE 14, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): e0216306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216306.

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5

Talbot, Elizabeth A., Thomas A. Kenyon, Themba L. Moeti, Gary Hsin, Laura Dooley, Shenaaz El-Halabi, and Nancy J. Binkin. "HIV risk factors among patients with tuberculosis — Botswana 1999." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462021925126.

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To identify factors associated with HIV in Botswana, a standardized questionnaire was administered to 135 tuberculosis patients with known HIV status. HIV-positive patients were more likely than HIV-negative patients to: be female (45% vs 26% (adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR)=3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-12.7)); be 26-35 years old (50% vs 19% (aPOR=2.7, CI=0.7-10.7)); be unmarried (91% vs 71% (aPOR=13.3, CI=2.5-72.7)); have higher income (24% vs 10% (aPOR=8.2, CI=1.6-42.9)); report separation from spouse/partner for work (63% vs 52% (aPOR=1.8, CI=0.5-6.2)); have 2 sex partners other than their regular partner (82% vs 67% (aPOR=1.8, CI=0.5-7.5)); and state that they or their partner drank alcohol before sex (77% vs 55% (aPOR=6.8, CI=1.9-24.1)). Only 22% of respondents used condoms during all of their past 10 sexual encounters. These data provide information for HIV prevention strategies.

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6

Reid, Michael J. A., Aderonke Oyewo, Bodney Molosiwa, Nikia McFadden, Billy Tsima, and Ari Ho-Foster. "Screening for tuberculosis in a diabetes clinic in Gaborone, Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 18, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0178.

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7

Enane, L. A., E. D. Lowenthal, T. Arscott-Mills, M. Matlhare, L. S. Smallcomb, B. Kgwaadira, S. E. Coffin, and A. P. Steenhoff. "Loss to follow-up among adolescents with tuberculosis in Gaborone, Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 20, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 1320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.16.0060.

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8

Mulale, Unami Koolebogile, Thanolo Kashamba, Jonathan Strysko, and Lynnette Tumwine Kyokunda. "Fatal SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection in an infant: insights from Botswana." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 4 (April 2021): e239701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-239701.

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We report a fatal case of SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection in an infant, Botswana’s first paediatric COVID-19-associated fatality. The patient, a 3-month-old HIV-unexposed boy, presented with fever and respiratory distress in the setting of failure to thrive. Both the patient and his mother tested positive for rifampin-sensitive M. tuberculosis (Xpert MTB/Rif) and SARS-CoV-2 (real time-PCR). Initially stable on supplemental oxygen and antitubercular therapy, the patient experienced precipitous clinical decline 5 days after presentation and subsequently died. Autopsy identified evidence of disseminated tuberculosis (TB) as well as histopathological findings similar to those described in recent reports of SARS-CoV-2 infections, including diffuse microthrombosis. TB remains a serious public health threat in hyperendemic regions like sub-Saharan Africa, and is often diagnosed late in infants. In addition to raising the question of additive/synergistic pathophysiology and/or immune reconstitution, this case of coinfection also highlights the importance of leveraging the COVID-19 pandemic response to strengthen efforts for TB prevention, screening and detection.

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Mogashoa, Tuelo, Pinkie Melamu, Brigitta Derendinger, Serej D. Ley, Elizabeth M. Streicher, Thato Iketleng, Lucy Mupfumi, et al. "Detection of Second Line Drug Resistance among Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates in Botswana." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040208.

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The emergence and transmission of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains is a threat to global tuberculosis (TB) control. The early detection of drug resistance is critical for patient management. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of isolates with additional second-line resistance among rifampicin and isoniazid resistant and MDR-TB isolates. A total of 66 M.tb isolates received at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory between March 2012 and October 2013 with resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin or both were analyzed in this study. The genotypes of the M.tb isolates were determined by spoligotyping and second-line drug susceptibility testing was done using the Hain Genotype MTBDRsl line probe assay version 2.0. The treatment outcomes were defined according to the Botswana national and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Of the 57 isolates analyzed, 33 (58%) were MDR-TB, 4 (7%) were additionally resistant to flouroquinolones and 3 (5%) were resistant to both fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs. The most common fluoroquinolone resistance-conferring mutation detected was gyrA A90V. All XDR-TB cases remained smear or culture positive throughout the treatment. Our study findings indicate the importance of monitoring drug resistant TB cases to ensure rapid detection of second-line drug resistance.

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Agizew, T., D. Surie, J. E. Oeltmann, M. Letebele, S. Pals, U. Mathebula, A. Mathoma, et al. "Tuberculosis preventive treatment opportunities at antiretroviral therapy initiation and follow-up visits." Public Health Action 10, no. 2 (June 21, 2020): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.19.0056.

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Setting: Twenty-two clinics providing HIV care and treatment in Botswana where tuberculosis (TB) and HIV comorbidity is as high as 49%.Objectives: To assess eligibility of TB preventive treatment (TPT) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and at four follow-up visits (FUVs), and to describe the TB prevalence and associated factors at baseline and yield of TB diagnoses at each FUV.Design: A prospective study of routinely collected data on people living with HIV (PLHIV) enrolled into care for the Xpert® MTB/RIF Package Rollout Evaluation Study between 2012 and 2015.Results: Of 6041 PLHIV initiating ART, eligibility for TPT was 69% (4177/6041) at baseline and 93% (5408/5815); 95% (5234/5514); 96% (4869/5079); and 97% (3925/4055) at FUV1, FUV2, FUV3, and FUV4, respectively. TB prevalence at baseline was 11% and 2%, 3%, 3% and 6% at each subsequent FUV. At baseline, independent risk factors for prevalent TB were CD4 <200 cells/mm3 (aOR = 1.4, P = 0.030); anemia (aOR = 2.39, P < 0.001); cough (aOR = 11.21, P < 0.001); fever (aOR = 2.15, P = 0.001); and weight loss (aOR = 2.60, P = 0.002).Conclusion: Eligibility for TPT initiation is higher at visits post-ART initiation, while most cases of active TB were identified at ART initiation. Missed opportunities for TB further compromises TB control effort among PLHIV in Botswana.

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Tappero, J. W., W. Z. Bradford, T. B. Agerton, P. Hopewell, A. L. Reingold, S. Lockman, A. Oyewo, et al. "Serum Concentrations of Antimycobacterial Drugs in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Botswana." Clinical Infectious Diseases 41, no. 4 (August 15, 2005): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/431984.

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Ha, Yoonhee P., Martha A. Tesfalul, Ryan Littman-Quinn, Cynthia Antwi, Rebecca S. Green, Tumelo O. Mapila, Scarlett L. Bellamy, et al. "Evaluation of a Mobile Health Approach to Tuberculosis Contact Tracing in Botswana." Journal of Health Communication 21, no. 10 (September 26, 2016): 1115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1222035.

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13

Zetola, N. M., C. Modongo, E. C. Kip, R. Gross, G. P. Bisson, and R. G. Collman. "Alcohol use and abuse among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0026.

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14

Puryear, S., G. Seropola, A. Ho-Foster, T. Arscott-Mills, L. Mazhani, J. Firth, D. M. Goldfarb, R. Ncube, G. P. Bisson, and A. P. Steenhoff. "Yield of contact tracing from pediatric tuberculosis index cases in Gaborone, Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0933.

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15

Nelson, LJ, EA Talbot, MJ Mwasekaga, PK Ngirubiu, RA Mwansa, M. Notha, and CD Wells. "Antituberculosis drug resistance and anonymous HIV surveillance in tuberculosis patients in Botswana, 2002." Lancet 366, no. 9484 (August 2005): 488–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67062-6.

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Joel, D. R., A. P. Steenhoff, P. C. Mullan, B. R. Phelps, M. A. Tolle, A. Ho-Foster, V. Mabikwa, B. G. Kgathi, R. Ncube, and G. M. Anabwani. "Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis using sputum induction in Botswana: programme description and findings." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.13.0243.

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17

Samandari, Taraz, Tefera B. Agizew, Samba Nyirenda, Zegabriel Tedla, Thabisa Sibanda, Barudi Mosimaneotsile, Oaitse I. Motsamai, Nong Shang, Charles E. Rose, and James Shepherd. "Tuberculosis incidence after 36 months’ isoniazid prophylaxis in HIV-infected adults in Botswana." AIDS 29, no. 3 (January 2015): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000535.

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18

Lockman, S., J. D. Sheppard, C. R. Braden, M. J. Mwasekaga, C. L. Woodley, T. A. Kenyon, N. J. Binkin, et al. "Molecular and Conventional Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Botswana: a Population-Based Prospective Study of 301 Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.39.3.1042-1047.2001.

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19

Baik, Yeonsoo, Chawangwa Modongo, Patrick K. Moonan, Eleanor S. Click, James L. Tobias, Rosanna Boyd, Alyssa Finlay, John E. Oeltmann, Sanghyuk S. Shin, and Nicola M. Zetola. "Possible Transmission Mechanisms of Mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in High HIV Prevalence Country, Botswana." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 5 (May 2020): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2605.191638.

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Talbot, Elizabeth A., Shenaaz Halabi, Rishi Manchanda, Ruth A. Mwansa, and Charles D. Wells. "Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about directly-administered antiretroviral therapy among tuberculosis patients, Botswana 2002." International Journal of STD & AIDS 15, no. 4 (April 2004): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646204773557884.

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Baik, Yeonsoo, Othusitse Fane, Qiao Wang, Chawangwa Modongo, Cynthia Caiphus, Surbhi Grover, Nicola M. Zetola, and Sanghyuk S. Shin. "Undetected tuberculosis at enrollment and after hospitalization in medical and oncology wards in Botswana." PLOS ONE 14, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): e0219678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219678.

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22

Mosimaneotsile, B., EA Talbot, TL Moeti, NM Hone, G. Moalosi, HJ Moffat, EJ Lee, and TA Kenyon. "Value of chest radiography in a tuberculosis prevention programme for HIV-infected people, Botswana." Lancet 362, no. 9395 (November 2003): 1551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14745-9.

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23

Ho-Foster, A., M. W. Tenforde, T. Arscott-Mills, M. Maramba, P. Sedigeng, B. Mbeha, F. Banda, and A. P. Steenhoff. "Risk factors for gastric aspirate culture contamination in children evaluated for tuberculosis in Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 22, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.18.0036.

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Lo, T. Q., L. Matlhare, K. Mugisha, T. D. Lere, A. Ho-Foster, R. Boyd, J. Cavanaugh, R. Ncube, A. P. Steenhoff, and T. Arscott-Mills. "Initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment in children following gastric aspirate testing, Botswana, 2008–2012." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 23, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.18.0404.

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Zetola, Nicola M., Patrick K. Moonan, Eleanor Click, John E. Oeltmann, Joyce Basotli, Xiao-Jun Wen, Rosanna Boyd, James L. Tobias, Alyssa Finlay, and Chawangwa Modongo. "Population-Based Geospatial and Molecular Epidemiologic Study of Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics, Botswana, 2012–2016." Emerging Infectious Diseases 27, no. 3 (March 2021): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2703.203840.

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Mehta, Krina, Shruthi Ravimohan, Jotam G. Pasipanodya, Shashikant Srivastava, Chawangwa Modongo, Nicola M. Zetola, Drew Weissman, et al. "Optimizing ethambutol dosing among HIV/tuberculosis co-infected patients: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 10 (July 4, 2019): 2994–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz265.

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Abstract Background Reduced ethambutol serum concentrations are commonly observed among TB patients co-infected with HIV and may lead to treatment failure. Objectives To perform a population pharmacokinetic study of ethambutol in HIV/TB patients, and to evaluate an intensified ethambutol weight-based dosing strategy to support pharmacokinetic target attainment. Methods We conducted a prospective study of ethambutol pharmacokinetics among HIV/TB patients administered first-line TB treatment in Botswana, with study visits before and after initiation of ART. Clinical and disease status markers, including HIV-associated systemic immune activation and gut dysfunction biomarkers, were evaluated as covariates of ethambutol pharmacokinetic parameters in non-linear mixed effects analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare pharmacokinetic target attainment under standard and intensified weight-based ethambutol dosing strategies. Results We studied 40 HIV/TB patients prior to initiation of ART, of whom 24 returned for a second visit a median of 33 days following ART initiation. Ethambutol serum concentrations were best explained by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination, with a significant improvement in oral bioavailability following ART initiation. In Monte Carlo simulations, a supplementary ethambutol dose of 400 mg daily led to >2-fold improvements in pharmacokinetic target attainment probabilities in lung tissue, both before and after ART initiation. Conclusions Low serum ethambutol concentrations were commonly observed among HIV/TB patients in Botswana, and the oral bioavailability of ethambutol increased following ART initiation. Supplementary ethambutol dosing among HIV/TB patients may provide a strategy to optimize anti-TB treatment regimens in this high-risk population.

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Verani, Andre R., Courtney N. Emerson, Philip Lederer, Ginny Lipke, Nathan Kapata, Samson Lanje, Annatjie C. Peters, Isaac Zulu, Barbara J. Marston, and Bess Miller. "The role of the law in reducing tuberculosis transmission in Botswana, South Africa and Zambia." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 94, no. 6 (February 12, 2015): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.15.156927.

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Ludmir, Jonathan, Abiona Redwood, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Robert Gross, Mark S. Cary, John M. Pettifor, Loeto Mazhani, Unoda A. Chakalisa, Mooketsi Molefi, and Virginia A. Stallings. "Vitamin D Status in Botswana Children Under 2 Years Old With and Without Active Tuberculosis." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, no. 5 (May 4, 2016): 971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0864.

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Click, Eleanor S., Alyssa Finlay, John E. Oeltmann, Joyce Basotli, Chawangwa Modongo, Rosanna Boyd, Xiao Jun Wen, James Shepherd, Patrick K. Moonan, and Nicola M. Zetola. "Phylogenetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in two geographically distinct locations in Botswana – The Kopanyo Study." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 81 (July 2020): 104232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104232.

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Arscott-Mills, T., L. Masole, R. Ncube, and A. P. Steenhoff. "Survey of health care worker knowledge about childhood tuberculosis in high-burden centers in Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.16.0668.

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Shin, S. S., C. Modongo, N. M. Zetola, Q. Wang, T. Phologolo, M. Kestler, and A. Ho-Foster. "High rates of exposure to tuberculosis patients among HIV-infected health care workers in Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 22, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0376.

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Mathebula, U., C. Emerson, T. Agizew, S. Pals, R. Boyd, A. Mathoma, J. Basotli, et al. "Improving sputum collection processes to increase tuberculosis case finding among HIV-positive persons in Botswana." Public Health Action 10, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.19.0051.

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Setting: Twenty-two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in Botswana.Objective: To compare sputum collection rates, sputum quality and volume, and tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis rates before and after field efforts to improve sputum collection among individuals newly diagnosed with HIV with TB symptoms.Design: Newly diagnosed individuals living with HIV attending 22 HIV clinics in Botswana were screened for TB from August 2012 to March 2014. Starting in May 2013, a field intervention composed of the introduction of a tracking log for presumed TB patients, and patient instructions and sputum induction to improve sputum collection rates was implemented.Results: Prior to the intervention, sputum collection rates were 44.1% (384/870). Subsequently, sputum collection increased to 58.3% (579/993) (P < 0.001). Sputum quality and volume also improved. Although rates of TB diagnosis increased from 9.7% (84/870) to 12.5% (120/993), this difference was not significant (P = 0.143).Conclusion: Sputum collection rates among presumptive TB cases, as well as sputum quality and volume improved after implementation of the field intervention. To improve sputum collection rates, efforts at the program level should be ongoing.

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Hamda, S. G., J. G. Tshikuka, D. Joel, V. Setlhare, G. Monamodi, B. Mbeha, B. P. Tembo, F. Mulenga, and T. Agizew. "Contribution of Xpert® MTB/RIF to tuberculosis case finding among pregnant women in Botswana." Public Health Action 10, no. 2 (June 21, 2020): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.19.0077.

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Setting: Seven health facilities with antenatal care (ANC) clinics in two districts near Gaborone, Botswana.Objectives: To determine 1) the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-TB co-infection in pregnancy, and 2) the sensitivities of symptomatic TB screening and Xpert testing against gold standard culture.Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Pregnant women were randomly enrolled and screened using TB symptoms. HIV status was determined from ANC clinics’ client records. Two sputum specimens were collected from all clients and each was tested using Xpert® and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Results: Of 407 cases, eight had one or more TB symptoms, and all tested negative with Xpert® and culture. Another two (0.5%, 95%CI 0.08–1.96) asymptomatic clients tested positive with both tests. The adjusted TB prevalence was higher than that of the general population (0.6% vs. 0.24%; P < 0.001). The prevalence of TB among HIV-positive and HIV-negative clients was 1/69 (1.45%, 95%CI 0.29–2.61) and 1/336 (0.3%, 95%CI 0.23–0.83), respectively (Fisher’s exact test P = 0.312). Xpert® demonstrated a 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while symptom screening had 0.0% sensitivity and 98% specificity.Conclusions: TB prevalence among pregnant women was high and TB symptom screening had limited ability to detect TB. An alternative TB screening algorithm for pregnant women is urgently needed irrespective of TB symptoms.

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Hafkin, J., C. Modongo, C. Newcomb, E. Lowenthal, R. R. MacGregor, A. P. Steenhoff, H. Friedman, and G. P. Bisson. "Impact of the human immunodeficiency virus on early multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0100.

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Sibanda, T., Z. Tedla, S. Nyirenda, T. Agizew, M. Marape, A. G. Miranda, H. Reuter, J. L. Johnson, and T. Samandari. "Anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes in HIV-infected adults exposed to isoniazid preventive therapy in Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0314.

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Tedla, Zegabriel, Samba Nyirenda, Crandall Peeler, Tefera Agizew, Thabisa Sibanda, Oaitse Motsamai, Andrew Vernon, Charles D. Wells, and Taraz Samandari. "Isoniazid-associated Hepatitis and Antiretroviral Drugs during Tuberculosis Prophylaxis in HIV-infected Adults in Botswana." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 182, no. 2 (July 15, 2010): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200911-1783oc.

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Samandari, Taraz, David Bishai, Michiel Luteijn, Barudi Mosimaneotsile, Oaitse Motsamai, Maarten Postma, and Gijs Hubben. "Costs and Consequences of Additional Chest X-Ray in a Tuberculosis Prevention Program in Botswana." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 183, no. 8 (April 15, 2011): 1103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201004-0620oc.

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Talbot, E. A., D. C. H. Burgess, N. M. Hone, M. F. Iademarco, M. J. Mwasekaga, H. J. Moffat, T. L. Moeti, et al. "Tuberculosis Serodiagnosis in a Predominantly HIV-Infected Population of Hospitalized Patients with Cough, Botswana, 2002." Clinical Infectious Diseases 39, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): e1-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/421388.

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Muyaya, Ley Muyaya, Taryn Young, and Marian Loveday. "Predictors of mortality in adults on treatment for human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis in Botswana." Medicine 97, no. 16 (April 2018): e0486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000010486.

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Wang, Q., M. Dima, A. Ho-Foster, K. Molebatsi, C. Modongo, N. Zetola, and S. S. Shin. "Association between HIV status and mental health disorders among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Botswana." Annals of Epidemiology 40 (December 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.08.016.

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41

Billings, J., L. Allan-Blitz, O. Fane, M. Ogopotse, C. Modongo, S. Shin, J. Klausner, and N. Zetola. "Socio-economic, clinical, and behavioral factors associated with study retention among tuberculosis patients in Botswana." Annals of Global Health 81, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.788.

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Arnold Sejie, Gabalape, and Ozayr Mahomed. "Predictors of Tuberculosis outcomes amongst drug sensitive patients in Boteti sub-district, Botswana, 2015–2017." Indian Journal of Tuberculosis 67, no. 1 (January 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2019.04.014.

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Mosimaneotsile, Barudi, Anikie Mathoma, Bafanana Chengeta, Samba Nyirenda, Tefera B. Agizew, Zegabriel Tedla, Oaitse I. Motsamai, Peter H. Kilmarx, Charles D. Wells, and Taraz Samandari. "Isoniazid Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults Accessing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Botswana Experience, 2004-2006." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 54, no. 1 (May 2010): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181c3cbf0.

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Stillson, C. H., H. Okatch, R. Frasso, L. Mazhani, T. David, T. Arscott-Mills, M. Matlhare, and A. P. Steenhoff. "‘That's when I struggle' … Exploring challenges faced by care givers of children with tuberculosis in Botswana." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 20, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 1314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.15.0989.

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45

Bloss, E., R. Makombe, E. Kip, M. Smit, J. Chirenda, V. M. Gammino, T. Creek, and J. E. Oeltmann. "Lessons learned during tuberculosis screening in public medical clinics in Francistown, Botswana [Notes from the field]." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2012): 1030–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.11.0736.

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46

Menzies, H. J., G. Moalosi, V. Anisimova, V. Gammino, C. Sentle, M. A. Bachhuber, E. Bile, et al. "Increase in anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Botswana: results from the fourth National Drug Resistance Survey." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 18, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 1026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.13.0749.

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47

Modongo, Chawangwa, Jotam G. Pasipanodya, Nicola M. Zetola, Scott M. Williams, Giorgio Sirugo, and Tawanda Gumbo. "Amikacin Concentrations Predictive of Ototoxicity in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 10 (July 27, 2015): 6337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01050-15.

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Abstract:

ABSTRACTAminoglycosides, such as amikacin, are used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. However, ototoxicity is a common problem and is monitored using peak and trough amikacin concentrations based on World Health Organization recommendations. Our objective was to identify clinical factors predictive of ototoxicity using an agnostic machine learning method. We used classification and regression tree (CART) analyses to identify clinical factors, including amikacin concentration thresholds that predicted audiometry-confirmed ototoxicity among 28 multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Botswana. Amikacin concentrations were measured for all patients. The quantitative relationship between predictive factors and the probability of ototoxicity were then identified using probit analyses. The primary predictors of ototoxicity on CART analyses were cumulative days of therapy, followed by cumulative area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), which improved on the primary predictor by 87%. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.97 on the test set. Peak and trough were not predictors in any tree. When algorithms were forced to pick peak and trough as primary predictors, the area under the receiver operating curve fell to 0.46. Probit analysis revealed that the probability of ototoxicity increased sharply starting after 6 months of therapy to near maximum at 9 months. A 10% probability of ototoxicity occurred with a threshold cumulative AUC of 87,232 days · mg · h/liter, while that of 20% occurred at 120,000 days · mg · h/liter. Thus, cumulative amikacin AUC and duration of therapy, and not peak and trough concentrations, should be used as the primary decision-making parameters to minimize the likelihood of ototoxicity in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

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Rankosha, Omphemetse, and Valerie Ehlers. "THE IMPACT OF PATIENTS’ KNOWLEDGE ON USING COMMUNITY-BASED TUBERCULOSIS CARE IN THE LOBATSE DISTRICT OF BOTSWANA." Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/153.

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Phinius, Bonolo B., Motswedi Anderson, Lynnette Bhebhe, Kabo Baruti, Godiraone Manowe, Wonderful T. Choga, Lucy Mupfumi, et al. "Increased Prevalence of Liver Fibrosis and HIV Viremia among Patients with HIV, HBV, and Tuberculosis in Botswana." Pathogens 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110950.

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People with concomitant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) have an increased risk of hepatotoxic reactions due to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and anti-TB therapy (ATT). Concomitant hepatitis B virus (HBV) in these patients may lead to poorer health outcomes. To assess liver enzyme levels and immune response in adults with HIV, HBV, and TB, data from 300 antiretroviral-naïve people living with HIV (PLWHIV) were analyzed. The prevalence of HIV/HBV (cHIV/HBV) and HIV/TB (cHIV/TB) was 28% (95% CI: 23.0–33.4) and 10% (95% CI: 6.8–14.0), respectively. HIV/HBV/TB (cHIV/HBV/TB) prevalence was 5.3% (95% CI: 3.1–8.5). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups of participants in HIV viral load (p = 0.004), hemoglobin levels (p = 0.025), and body mass index (p = 0.011). A larger proportion of cHIV/HBV/TB participants (37.5%) had an aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score ≥0.5 (p = 0.013), a lower cutoff for significant liver fibrosis. Immunological non-responders (CD4+ T-cell count <20% gain and HIV viral load <400 copies/mL at 6 months) were observed in all groups except those with cHIV/TB. Our findings support the need to screen for infections that could cause excessive liver damage prior to ATT or ART initiation, such as HBV.

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Jori, F., M. Mokospasetso, E. Etter, S. Munstermann, S. H. Newman, and A. Michel. "Preliminary Assessment of Bovine Tuberculosis at the Livestock/Wildlife Interface in two Protected Areas of Northern Botswana." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 60 (October 31, 2013): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12110.

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