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Journal articles on the topic 'Tuberculosis – History – 20th century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Actis, Giovanni Clemente, Rinaldo Pellicano, Sharmila Fagoonee, and Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone. "History of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111970.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and unknown etiology. In this review, we identified three main eras in the IBD history. Between the 19th and the 20th century, the primary task had been the definition of the diagnostic criteria in order to differentiate the new entity from intestinal tuberculosis. In the 20th century, an intense and prolific therapeutic research prevailed, culminating in the introduction of biological drugs in the clinical setting. Since the beginning of the 21st century, traditional definition criteria have been challenged by holistic criteria in an effort to seek a still unattained cure. Centuries of worldwide efforts on IBD etiology and therapy search have culminated in this novel strategy.

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Сидорчук, Александр, and Aleksandr Sidorchuk. "History of Vaccines and Vaccination. Part III. Rabies and tuberculosis." Russian veterinary journal 2019, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/article_5cd16d076a75a6.23029629.

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The article describes the historical stages of creating vaccines against two of the most dangerous diseases, which, after the discovery of the microbial theory, were devoted to the efforts of scientists ― rabies and tuberculosis. The lecture describes the main achievements of L. Pasteur and the stages of the creation of a rabies vaccine by him and his team, which became the crown of his scientific career and triggered the development of various areas of vaccinology. Close cooperation in this area of physicians and veterinarians and the outstanding role of Pasteur is shown. The current trends and successes of fighting this deadly disease are indicated. The stages of the development of vaccines against tuberculosis based on the discoveries of R. Koch and his followers are also presented. The successes of combating animal tuberculosis based on the creation of tuberculin for diagnosing the disease, successes in preventing tuberculosis in humans with the use of BCG vaccine after many years of work on its creation, and historical stages of eliminating animal tuberculosis in a number of countries over the 20th century are noted. Attempts to use BCG vaccine in veterinary medicine, by analogy with medical practice, and issues related to the rejection of mass vaccination of cattle are discussed.

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Angelova, Milena. "„The Last Crusade“. International Contexts of the Fight against Tuberculosis in Bulgaria up to the Middle of the 20th Century." Scientific knowledge - autonomy, dependence, resistance 29, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v29i2.15.

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In Bulgaria tuberculosis considerably began to be viewed as a social problem at the end of the 19th century and all experts were on the same opinion: the fight against tuberculosis had to be preventive, that meant: improvement of hygiene and labor conditions, overall information about the disease aimed to reach widest circles of the population and last not least, medical treatment. In the early 20th century in Bulgaria 20 000 persons annually died from tuberculosis, which was one of the highest percentages in Europe at that time. The First World War marks a turning point in the overall orientation of Bulgarian antituberculosis efforts. The nation’s arsenal of dispensaries, sanatoriums, and related facilities — its “war on tuberculosis”, in the reformers’ military terminology – was subject to increasingly anxious inventory and scrutiny. Bulgarian reformers (doctors and hygienists) placed also special emphasis on personal responsibility in the fight against tuberculosis. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s the state started to introduce standards and common bureaucratic rules of social work and centralized the public health care, including the fight against tuberculosis. International models and standards influenced the tuberculosis control policies in Bulgaria – especially the activities of the League of Nations Health Organisation, the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation and the American Near East Foundation.

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4

Paluzzi, Joan E. "A social disease/a social response: lessons in tuberculosis from early 20th century Chile." Social Science & Medicine 59, no. 4 (August 2004): 763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.11.039.

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5

Piper, Liza. "Diphtheria Antitoxin and Tales of Mercy in Northern Health Care." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 38, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 285–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.491-112020.

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This article examines the history of diphtheria in the Yukon and the Mackenzie district of the Northwest Territories in the first half of the 20th century. This analysis follows the traces of this now largely forgotten disease and its treatment to illuminate the constraints – intrinsic and constructed – on the provision of health care commensurate with the expectations and needs of northern Indigenous peoples. While diphtheria was never the most serious infectious disease, nor a major cause of death compared with tuberculosis or influenza at this time, examining its history offers significant insight into the creation of medical and public health infrastructures in Canada’s northern territories, and the ways in which those infrastructures served, and failed to serve, different northern populations.

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Ahmed, Arsto Nasir. "Consumption: The Fashionable Disease of the Self and Its Romantic Allure in Literature." Journal of University of Human Development 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v3n1y2017.pp268-273.

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Consumption—Tuberculosis or (TB)—is considered as a peculiarly significant disease across different disciplines. This research traces the medical and literary history of the disease then discusses its aestheticised glamour in a number of writings that date back to the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Before being identified as a lethal disease in the 20th century, consumption was dealt with positively during the preceding periods or eras i.e., being consumptive signified love, easy death, female beauty, male creativity and genius, etc. The specific purpose of this academic endeavour is to answer in detail the questions of why, how and when consumption—as a destructive force— was regarded as a strong cultural device for self-fashioning and what made the perception on the disease shift or alter from positive to negative— from an aestheticised, romantic disease to a deadly one.

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Mazlan, Mohd Khairul Nizam, Mohammad Hafizie Dianel Mohd Tazizi, Rosliza Ahmad, Muhammad Amirul Asyraf Noh, Athirah Bakhtiar, Habibah A. Wahab, and Amirah Mohd Gazzali. "Antituberculosis Targeted Drug Delivery as a Potential Future Treatment Approach." Antibiotics 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080908.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the microorganism that causes tuberculosis. This infectious disease has been around for centuries, with the earliest record of Mtb around three million years ago. The discovery of the antituberculosis agents in the 20th century has managed to improve the recovery rate and reduce the death rate tremendously. However, the conventional antituberculosis therapy is complicated by the development of resistant strains and adverse drug reactions experienced by the patients. Research has been conducted continuously to discover new, safe, and effective antituberculosis drugs. In the last 50 years, only two molecules were approved despite laborious work and costly research. The repurposing of drugs is also being done with few drugs; antibiotics, particularly, were found to have antituberculosis activity. Besides the discovery work, enhancing the delivery of currently available antituberculosis drugs is also being researched. Targeted drug delivery may be a potentially useful approach to be developed into clinically accepted treatment modalities. Active targeting utilizes a specifically designed targeting agent to deliver a chemically conjugated drug(s) towards Mtb. Passive targeting is very widely explored, with the development of multiple types of nanoparticles from organic and inorganic materials. The nanoparticles will be engulfed by macrophages and this will eliminate the Mtb that is present in the macrophages, or the encapsulated drug may be released at the sites of infections that may be in the form of intra- and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This article provided an overview on the history of tuberculosis and the currently available treatment options, followed by discussions on the discovery of new antituberculosis drugs and active and passive targeting approaches against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Sood, Abhilash, Mitasha Singh, and Seema Rani. "Revisiting the tuberculosis and leprosy sanatorium era: for the post COVID healthcare in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210259.

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Leprosy and tuberculosis (TB) are ancient diseases. These have been referred to in the Vedas and Ayurvedic Samhitas too. As no chemotherapy was effective against these diseases till middle of the 20th century, the main line of treatment was good food, open air and dry climate. Open air sanatoriums were formed for treatment and isolation of TB patients. The first sanatorium was founded in 1906 in Tiluania, near Ajmer, followed by one in Almora two years later. In 1909, the first non-missionary sanatorium was built near Shimla. Similarly, social stigma was the reason for creation of leprosy sanatoriums. First leprosy sanatorium was opened in 1925 at The school of tropical medicine, Calcutta and in 1955 the first research centre; The Lady Willingdon leprosy sanatorium, Chingleput (presently central leprosy teaching and research institute). These centers also contributed to knowledge of natural history of the disease and treatment. Subsequently many sanatoriums were set up at geographical locations which were at outskirts of cities, or at hilly terrains.1 One of the major reasons of setting up these sanatoria was to isolate the patients and prevent spread of disease further, in absence of medicines. Later on, many other infectious disease hospitals were also opened up, to cater to patients suffering from other infectious diseases.

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CURRIER, RUSSELL W., and JOHN A. WIDNESS. "A Brief History of Milk Hygiene and Its Impact on Infant Mortality from 1875 to 1925 and Implications for Today: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 1713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-186.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this review is to provide an integrated historical account of the complex, often convoluted events impacting milk hygiene and its resultant effect on infant mortality from 1875 to 1925. Heat pasteurization of cow's milk is necessary for rendering this important nutrient source safe for humans—particularly infants. Developed by Louis Pasteur in 1864, pasteurization evolved from the commercially important parboiling of wine and beer when the Industrial Revolution was effecting rapid societal change in Western societies. In European and American societies of the early and mid-19th century, infant mortality rates were 30- to 60-fold higher than the current rates of five or six deaths per 1,000 live births per year. With proof of the germ theory of disease came convincing evidence of the role of microbes in the transmission of infections, which led to the discovery that microbial pathogens were transmissible via milk. Diseases caused by milkborne pathogens include human and bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, salmonellosis, streptococcal infections, diphtheria, and “summer diarrhea.” With pasteurization of milk, infectious diseases with their high infant mortality rates decreased by only half by the early 20th century, despite concurrent medical and dairy hygiene advances. To further mitigate unacceptably high infant mortality rates, social support providers—including public health nurses and midwives—encouraged breastfeeding, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers. Improvements in pulsating vacuum milking machines also favorably impacted food safety by providing a clean, enclosed environment. Currently, bottle feeding still competes with breastfeeding as the preferred method, and the sale of raw, unpasteurized milk remains a contentious issue. Informed and responsible food safety professionals, physicians, and public health officials currently view breastfeeding as the preferred feeding method and milk pasteurization as the safer and more prudent alternative.

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10

Starostenko, Yulia D. "The Hospital Town of «the First Garden City in Russia» near Prozorovka: the History of Design and Construction (1912-1930)." Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2018-2-40-49.

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The article is devoted to the buildings of the hospital town an implemented fragment of one of the most famous town planning projects of early 20th century. «The first Garden City in Russia» at Prozorovka (now Kratovo), which was to include not only the hospital town, but a set of other major public buildings, was designed by civil engineer V. N. Semyonov, by order of the Board of Directors of Joint-stock company of the Moscow-Kazan Railway for this company employees. The initiator of the project was the Chairman of The Board of Directors N.K. von Meck. The article on base on a wide range of archival sources, recreates the history of designing the hospital town in 1912-1913 and contains previously unknown facts and materials. Among these materials is the original project of the hospital town (primary drawings of this project published in the article the first time) and the discussions papiers of the project in the Ministry of Railways in 1913. It also provides information about the construction process of the buildings of the hospital town in 1915-1918. For the first time on archival documents is fixed the condition of buildings at the time of completion of the first constructions phase in 1918. Special attention is paid to the hospital complex fate in 1924-1930, when the buildings were rebuilt and adapted for accommodation of the tuberculosis sanatorium of Cusstrah No. 1. The revealed papiers make it possible to understand how during completing of the buildings in the second half of the 1920s, there preserves neoclassical facades, designed by architect A.I. Tamanov (Tamanyan) in 1913.

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Pawlikowski, Tomasz. "Jakub hr. Potocki i jego dar dla Biblioteki Publicznej m.st. Warszawy z 1934 roku." Roczniki Biblioteczne 64 (April 6, 2021): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0080-3626.64.7.

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The aim of this article is to present the little recognized, but meritorious person ﬁgure of J. Potocki and his family in historical context, as well as to characterize the gift given to the Warsaw Public Library. The biographical ﬁndings presented below, critical references to some information contained in modest studies, as well as the indication of certain facts related to the condition of the collection of books and its transfer to the Public Library, were based on reviewed archival materials, partially preserved old catalogues, 19th and 20th century press releases, literature on history and library science. The method used was mainly a comparative analysis of materials encountered in the course of queries, with a preference for sources. Jakub Count Potocki (1863–1934) came from a well-known aristocratic family. He contributed to the Republic of Poland mainly through philanthropic activities. Shortly before his death, he was awarded the Great Ribbon of the Order of Polonia Restituta. Undoubtedly, his most important work was the bequest of almost all assets worth over 37 million PLN for the Jakub Count Potocki Foundation (September 1934), which was to ﬁnance research on cancer and tuberculosis by statute. In the same document, he donated paintings, tapestries, sculptures and furniture to the National Museum in Warsaw, and the book collection of about 11,900 volumes gathered in Helenów near Pruszków, to the Warsaw Public Library. As a whole, this collection, through provenance records and established information about its gradual accumulation by Stanisław and Jakub Potocki, as well as by the earlier owners of the book collections that joined it, proves the involvement of some representatives of the Polish intellectual elite of the 19th century in maintaining the memory of the former Polish Republic and thus maintaining the national spirit. The deliberate thematic selection is indicated by the nature of the literature collected by Sapieha, Potocki, Ignacy Count Łoś, Bentkowski, Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie or Jan Wincenty Stężyński Bandtkie, Kazimierz Stronczyński, Pruszyński. The analysis of the contents of this book collection leads to a closer acquaintance with the history of these ﬁgures, sometimes forgotten and meritorious for the Polish culture of the partition period.

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12

Oliveira, Mariza Da Gama Leite de. "A tuberculose na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o teste da vacina BCG em escolares de escolas públicas (1933-1935)." Revista de História e Historiografia da Educação 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rhhe.v1i1.49358.

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O artigo destaca os maiores desafios da Instrução Pública Primária na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX quando era capital federal. Nesse período emergiram debates envolvendo médicos e profissionais de diversas áreas da sociedade em torno de questões educacionais e sanitárias. As principais fontes utilizadas são a revista A Escola Primária e o relatório do médico Alvimar de Carvalho sobre o teste da vacina BCG, ambos do acervo da Biblioteca Nacional. Como aporte teórico, utilizam-se as possibilidades abertas pela nova história política (RÉMOND, 2003) e o auxílio da observação microscópica (GINZBURG, 1990), o que permite restaurar personagens e processos através dos indícios deixados pelos sujeitos históricos. As descobertas realizadas pelo estudo empreendido traduzem a importância do uso de fontes e de métodos variados no resgate da história das instituições escolares e sua intercessão com a história política e social.Tuberculosis in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the BCG vaccine test in public school students (1933-1935). The article highlights the major challenges of Primary Public Education in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century, when it was the federal capital. In this period, debates involving physicians and professionals from various areas of society emerged around educational and health issues. The main sources used are: the magazine A Escola Primária and the report of the doctor Alvimar de Carvalho on the BCG vaccine test, both from the collection of the National Library. As a theoretical contribution, the possibilities opened by the new political history (RÉMOND, 2003) and the aid of microscopic observation (GINZBURG, 1990) are used to restore characters and processes through the clues left by historical subjects. The findings of the study show the importance of the use of varied sources and methods in the rescue of the history of school institutions and their intercession with political and social history. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Primary Public Education of Rio de Janeiro, Alvimar de Carvalho, Instituto Ferreira Vianna, "The Primary School" Magazine.

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13

Butt, Adeel A. "Nasal Tuberculosis In the 20th Century." American Journal of the Medical Sciences 313, no. 6 (June 1997): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40132-6.

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BUTT, ADEEL A. "Nasal Tuberculosis in the 20th Century." American Journal of the Medical Sciences 313, no. 6 (June 1997): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000441-199706000-00003.

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15

Schulze-Marmeling, Friederike. "»20th century Aisha«?" Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 32, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/kize.2019.32.2.346.

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16

Wilson, Robin. "The 20th Century." Mathematical Intelligencer 42, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-019-09956-x.

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Kandiloros, D. C., T. P. Nikolopoulos, E. A. Ferekidis, A. Tsangaroulakis, J. E. Yiotakis, D. Davilis, and G. K. Adamopoulos. "Laryngeal tuberculosis at the end of the 20th century." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 7 (July 1997): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100138137.

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AbstractDespite the dramatic reduction in the incidence of laryngeal tuberculosis after the 1950s, the topic has now gained new interest due to claims that the disease has changed its clinical pattern. In the past, the typical patient was 20–40 years old with ulcerated laryngeal lesions, perichondritis, and advanced cavitary lung disease. We studied nine cases of laryngeal tuberculosis confirmed by histological examination. The microlaryngoscopy revealed tumour-like lesions and/or chronic non-specific laryngitis. There were no significant ulcerations or signs of perichondritis. The patients' ages ranged from 48.5 years to 69.3 years (mean, 59.4 years). In three of our patients (33 per cent) we did not find any pulmonary involvement, thus suggesting primary laryngeal tuberculosis or haematogenous spread. In conclusion, the numerous physicians who deal with the various laryngeal symptoms and diseases should be aware of the existence of laryngeal tuberculosis and the changing patterns of the disease (at least in the developed countries).

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18

Atiyah, Michael. "Mathematics in the 20th century." NTM International Journal of History and Ethics of Natural Sciences, Technology and Medicine 10, no. 1-3 (September 2002): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03033096.

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19

Fogler, Karen, and Mala Hoffman. "Exploring 20th Century History through Photographs." Gifted Child Today 17, no. 3 (May 1994): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621759401700313.

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20

Westfall, Catherine. "Reimagining 20th-Century Physics." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 50, no. 1-2 (April 2020): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2020.50.1-2.209.

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21

Friedel, Robert. "Engineering in the 20th Century." Technology and Culture 27, no. 4 (October 1986): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105321.

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22

Altschuler, Glenn C. "Urban Religion’s 20th-Century Renaissance." Reviews in American History 49, no. 1 (2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2021.0007.

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23

Wilson, Robin. "The Early 20th Century." Mathematical Intelligencer 42, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-019-09942-3.

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24

Sheail, J., and A. Bramwell. "Ecology in the 20th Century: A History." Journal of Ecology 77, no. 3 (September 1989): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261002.

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Mason, Herbert J., and Anna Bramwell. "Ecology in the 20th Century: A History." Taxon 40, no. 3 (August 1991): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223244.

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O'Riordan, Timothy. "Ecology in the 20th century: a history." International Affairs 66, no. 1 (January 1990): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622225.

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27

Sterling, Christopher. "CBQ review essay:Cryptography in 20th‐century history." Communication Booknotes Quarterly 30, no. 3 (June 1999): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10948009909361621.

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Ikenberry, G. John, and Richard Bulliet. "The Columbia History of the 20th Century." Foreign Affairs 77, no. 6 (1998): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20049140.

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29

Probert, R. "The History of 20th-Century Family Law." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqi009.

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30

Latvala, Pauliina. "Finnish 20th Century History in Oral Narratives." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 12 (1999): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf1999.12.oralnarr.

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31

Lian, Yang, and Ben Carrdus. "Leaving the 20th century." Index on Censorship 29, no. 3 (May 2000): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220008536744.

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Plantinga, Alvin. "Justification in the 20th Century." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50 (1990): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2108032.

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Upton, A. F. "Hungary and Finland in the 20th Century." English Historical Review 119, no. 480 (February 1, 2004): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/119.480.267.

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Reville, David M. "BRIDGEPORT WORKING: VOICES FROM THE 20th CENTURY." Oral History Review 28, no. 2 (September 2001): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ohr.2001.28.2.140.

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35

Lemon, James. "Plans for Early 20th-Century Toronto." Articles 18, no. 1 (August 7, 2013): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017821ar.

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On several occasions in the early twentieth century, advocates of urban planning proposed significant measures for altering the layout of Toronto streets. Planning historians often have proposed that an interest in beautification was superseded by a focus on efficiency by the 1920s, but Toronto's plans largely were lost amidst private development processes and business cycles. Confusion over planning priorities, the short-term perspectives of politicians, and a lack of urgency also impeded city and regional planning. Toronto experienced less planning initiatives than major United-States cities.

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36

Boddy, Clive R. "Unethical 20th century business leaders." International Journal of Public Leadership 12, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-12-2015-0032.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present evidence to examine the possible psychopathy of Robert Maxwell, a notorious figure in UK business history. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents research which retrospectively applied a tool to measure whether leading figures in twentieth century business history could be classified as being corporate psychopaths. As background to this idea, psychopaths and corporate psychopaths are defined. A measure of corporate psychopathy is explored as an aid to identifying corporate psychopaths in business history. This measure is then used in relation to senior corporate executives who have been nominated as potential corporate psychopaths and to Robert Maxwell in particular. Findings The paper concludes that at least some ethical scandals and failures such as those at The Daily Mirror have been characterized by the presence of CEOs who scored highly on a measure of corporate psychopathy. Maxwell’s fraudulent raiding of corporate pension funds crossed ethical and legal borders. Furthermore, Maxwell’s fraudulent looting of those pension funds crossed generational boundaries; stealing from older people’s pension funds and thereby leaving younger people/investors with less to inherit. Maxwell also had an international business empire and so his fraud had effects which crossed geographic borders. The paper concludes that using an historical approach to the study of potential corporate psychopaths illuminates what types of organizational outcomes corporate psychopaths may eventuate. Originality/value The paper is the first to use an historical approach to the study of potential corporate psychopaths.

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Smith, Earl, James Upton, and Manning Marable. "A Social History of 20th Century Urban Riots." Phylon (1960-) 47, no. 1 (1986): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/274699.

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38

Conke, Leonardo Silveira. "Strategy in the 20th Century: Explanations from History." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v12i4.1951.

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In this essay, we argue that an historical perspective helps to understand some of the strategic choices made by organizations. More specifically, the purpose here is to describe the great influence of historical events (related to economy, politics, technological advancement etc.) on the creation, acceptance, spreading and / or establishment of the strategic theories and tools developed since the beginning of the 20th century. Texts that usually discuss management and history outline only the Industrial Revolution or the transition from feudalism to capitalism, underestimating other historical forces that offer additional explanations to the evolution of strategic thinking. As a result of an extensive bibliographical research, we were able to identify four periods where the strategic theories developed reveal suitable responses to the challenges created by the environment: in the first one (1900-1938), strategy is concerned with organization and control of business activities, resembling the ideas developed by Scientific Administration; in the second period (1939-1964), strategic planning is formalized and the area is broadly recognized; the next decades (1965-1989) are characterized by competition and uncertainty, making strategy focus on problems emerged from the outside; finally, on the turn of the century (1990-2010), the unlimited information availability enhances the need for strategists’ conceptual and practical knowledge. Also, as a final contribution, we suggest two possible trends to the future of strategy.

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Barucci, P. "Italian Economists of the 20th Century." History of Political Economy 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-32-4-1033.

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40

Helle‐Valle, Jo. "Social change and sexual mores: a comparison between pre‐20th‐century Norway and 20th‐century Botswana." History and Anthropology 14, no. 4 (December 2003): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0275720032000156460.

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Borodulina, Elena, and Elena Yakovleva. "Lessons of the samara tuberculosis service." Medsestra (Nurse), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2007-10.

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The article discusses the tuberculosis care system for the Samara Province population in the 19th – mid-20th century based on archive documents, it also provides the historical reconstruction of Postnikov N.V., MD, Kumis Treatment Facility, studies V.Yu. Maslovskiy's contribution to the tuberculosis care system establishment. Kumis treatment was one of the most common methods that advanced on the cusp of the 19th and 20th centuries thanks to the works by Postnikov N.V., MD, a graduate of the Medical Faculty, the Moscow University. Samara Governor Grot K.K. assisted Postnikov N.V. in the Kumis Treatment Facility establishment. The Kumis Treatment Facility opened on May 5, 1858. Based on N.V. Postnikov's records, kumis can be regarded as a pathogenic agent in TB treatment. Kumis was the main, but not the only, treatment method: Postnikov N.V. reports names and dosages of many drugs known to physicians in the 19th century. No less significant is the contribution made by Viktor Maslovskiy, one of the founders of the Samara branch of the AllRussian League Against Tuberculosis.

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KATZ, STEVEN T. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, no. 2 (1989): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.127.

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CHALK, FRANK. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, no. 2 (1989): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.149.

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MELSON, ROBERT. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, no. 2 (1989): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.161.

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REID, JAMES J. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, no. 2 (1989): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.175.

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MARTINS-HEUB, KIRSTEN. "‘Genocide in the 20th Century’." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 4, no. 2 (1989): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/4.2.193.

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Maritz, P. J. "History reconstruction: Third century parallels to 20th century South African Church 'History Origen Adamantinus." Verbum et Ecclesia 18, no. 2 (July 4, 1997): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v18i2.564.

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History reconstruction: Third century parallels to 20th century South African Church History - Origen Adamantinus. In this paper a possible third century contribution to Church History reconstruction is considered. This is employed as an example for South African church historians who are dedicated to history interpretation, whether it be from the perspective of: acceptance on face value; justification; verification; criticism or renunciation of twentieth century historical events and the WG)'S in which they have influenced the prophetic task of the church in South Africa. To this end, a parallel is drawn between third century Origen and a few South African church figures from the twentieth century, which will highlight the church's continuing prophetic ministry.

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Fish, Cheryl J. "Moving Lives: 20th Century Women's Travel Writing (review)." Biography 25, no. 4 (2002): 672–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2003.0006.

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Haffenden, P. S. "Irresistible Empire: America's Advance through 20th-Century Europe." English Historical Review CXXI, no. 494 (December 1, 2006): 1564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cel366.

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Dollinger, Marc. "Jewish identities in 20th-century America." Contemporary Jewry 24, no. 1 (October 2003): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02961568.

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