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Price, Loraine E., William A. Rutala, and Gregory P. Samsa. "Tuberculosis in Hospital Personnel." Infection Control 8, no. 3 (March 1987): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700067254.
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AbstractTuberculosis (TB) skin testing practices and the prevalence and inherent risk of TB infection among hospital employees in 167 North Carolina (NC) hospitals were determined from a 79% (132/167) response to a tuberculosis screening questionnaire. Preemployment TB skin testing was performed by 98% of responding hospitals, primarily (87%) by the Mantoux method. TB skin test reactions of ≥ 10 mm were interpreted as significant by 72% and at the appropriate time interval of 48 to 72 hours after administration by 80%. The booster test was routinely performed in 12% of the hospitals. TB infection prevalence among new employees during 1983 was 6.3% (260/4137) in 30 hospitals supplying these data. A positive correlation was noted between employee infection prevalence and county TB case rates (P = .014). Skin test conversion data from 56 hospitals across the state revealed a five year mean conversion rate of 1.14% among 71,253 personnel. There was an association between the incidence of TB in the general population and the frequency of conversions among hospital employees in corresponding geographical regions. Similarly, the incidence of TB among approximately 100,000 NC hospital employees in 1983 and 1984 was less than the incidence in the general population. These associations suggest that the incidence of TB infection among hospital personnel may reflect the prevalence of tuberculosis in the community rather than an occupational hazard. Annual TB skin testing of hospital employees may be justified in eastern North Carolina where the incidence of tuberculosis (22-30 cases/ 100,000) is greater than the national average and where the risk of new TB infection among hospital employees is relatively common (≥1.5%).
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Haley, Charles E., Robert C. McDonald, Lois Rossi, Wilbur D. Jones, Robert W. Haley, and James P. Luby. "Tuberculosis Epidemic among Hospital Personnel." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 10, no. 5 (May 1989): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30144334.
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Haley, Charles E., Robert C. McDonald, Lois Rossi, Wilbur D. Jones, Robert W. Haley, and James P. Luby. "Tuberculosis Epidemic among Hospital Personnel." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 10, no. 5 (May 1989): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646003.
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Asratyan, A. A., T. A. Semenenko, I. B. Kal’nin, O. A. Orlova, D. V. Soloviev, E. V. Rusakova, S. M. Kazaryan, and S. N. Kuzin. "Current Epidemiological Features of Viral Hepatitis B and C, Tuberculosis and HIV Infection In Psychiatric Hospitals." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-1-32-39.
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Background. Psychiatric hospitals, where patients with immunodeficiency often do not comply with basic preventive measures, as well as receiving a wide range of medical procedures, including parenteral ones, are the institutions of high risk of socially significant infections spreading.The aim was to study the current epidemiological features of parenteral hepatitis among various categories of mentally ill patients (with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection) and medical personnel in a large psychiatric hospital.Materials and methods. Serological markers of hepatitis B (HB) and hepatitis C (HC) were determined in 8352 patients and 542 employees of a large psychiatric hospital using domestic diagnostic test systems.Results. Markers of HB and HC among patients were revealed in 7.2% of persons (HB — 2.8%, HC — 3.1%, and HB+HC — 1.4%). The analysis of sex, age and social characteristics of HBVand HCV-patients was conducted. Markers of HC were significantly more common in HIV-infected patients (44.4% of individuals); the main routes of transmission of HB and HC were intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse. Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the maximum number of persons was found with markers of HB (44.3%) and HB+HC (38.2%); the main clinical form of pulmonary tuberculosis was represented by the infiltrative form (60.4%); in 53,7% of cases the bacillary forms were identified that pose a serious epidemiological risk in the spread of tuberculosis in the hospital. Analysis of the social structure showed that HBV+HC+HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis are characteristics of persons with aggravated social status. The most frequent factors of infection with HBV and HCV were longterm parenteral loading and intravenous drug use. The greatest factor of parenteral load was observed in mentally ill patients diagnosed with HB+HC accompanying tuberculosis. It was shown that the frequency of HBV and HCV markers detection among medical personnel depends on the department profile, work duration, frequency and risk of contact with blood during professional activity.Conclusion. A high level of comorbidity of mental disorders and socially significant infectious diseases (HIV infection, tuberculosis and HB and HC) has been established, which has a significant impact on the epidemic process of these infections. Preventive programmes established in hospitals and in the territories they serve should take into account their comorbidity. The necessity of specific and non-specific prevention of viral hepatitis in patients and medical staff of psychiatric hospitals is shown.
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Asratyan, A. A., T. A. Semenenko, I. B. Kal’nin, O. A. Orlova, D. V. Soloviev, E. V. Rusakova, S. M. Kazaryan, and S. N. Kuzin. "Current Epidemiological Features of Viral Hepatitis B and C, Tuberculosis and HIV Infection In Psychiatric Hospitals." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 97, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-1-32-39.
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Background. Psychiatric hospitals, where patients with immunodeficiency often do not comply with basic preventive measures, as well as receiving a wide range of medical procedures, including parenteral ones, are the institutions of high risk of socially significant infections spreading.The aim was to study the current epidemiological features of parenteral hepatitis among various categories of mentally ill patients (with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection) and medical personnel in a large psychiatric hospital.Materials and methods. Serological markers of hepatitis B (HB) and hepatitis C (HC) were determined in 8352 patients and 542 employees of a large psychiatric hospital using domestic diagnostic test systems.Results. Markers of HB and HC among patients were revealed in 7.2% of persons (HB — 2.8%, HC — 3.1%, and HB+HC — 1.4%). The analysis of sex, age and social characteristics of HBVand HCV-patients was conducted. Markers of HC were significantly more common in HIV-infected patients (44.4% of individuals); the main routes of transmission of HB and HC were intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse. Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the maximum number of persons was found with markers of HB (44.3%) and HB+HC (38.2%); the main clinical form of pulmonary tuberculosis was represented by the infiltrative form (60.4%); in 53,7% of cases the bacillary forms were identified that pose a serious epidemiological risk in the spread of tuberculosis in the hospital. Analysis of the social structure showed that HBV+HC+HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis are characteristics of persons with aggravated social status. The most frequent factors of infection with HBV and HCV were longterm parenteral loading and intravenous drug use. The greatest factor of parenteral load was observed in mentally ill patients diagnosed with HB+HC accompanying tuberculosis. It was shown that the frequency of HBV and HCV markers detection among medical personnel depends on the department profile, work duration, frequency and risk of contact with blood during professional activity.Conclusion. A high level of comorbidity of mental disorders and socially significant infectious diseases (HIV infection, tuberculosis and HB and HC) has been established, which has a significant impact on the epidemic process of these infections. Preventive programmes established in hospitals and in the territories they serve should take into account their comorbidity. The necessity of specific and non-specific prevention of viral hepatitis in patients and medical staff of psychiatric hospitals is shown.
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Starshinova, A. A., Yu S. Zinchenko, E. V. Istomina, N. Yu Basantsova, M. V. Filatov, E. N. Belyaeva, M. M. Nazarenko, et al. "Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Personnel of Various Institutions and Determination of the Risk Group for Tuberculosis." BIOpreparations. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment 19, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2221-996x-2019-19-3-178-184.
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Early diagnosis of tuberculosis remains essential for the prevention of the disease and control of its incidence. The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has significantly improved over the last years due to the use of new immunological tests, including the Diaskintest.The aim of the study was to assess the potential of immunological assays for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection and determination of risk groups for tuberculosis among personnel of different institutions.Materials and methods: in 2015–2018, a prospective group-control study was conducted that included employees of various medical centres (n = 154) and healthy individuals (n = 30). There were no significant age differences between the subjects. All the subjects included in the study shared their medical history, underwent general examination, X-ray examination, and were tested with Diaskintest. Multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the chest was performed for every subject with a positive Diaskintest result.Results: the comparison of the number of persons with LTBI in general care hospitals, personnel of a manufacturing firm, and among healthy individuals showed that the risk of being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very similar in all the groups (from 6.8 to 10.0 %). The highest risk of developing LTBI was found in people who worked in an infectious area for more than 5 years (48.4 %). The analysis of the level of immune complexes (ICs) demonstrated that individuals with LTBI did not have isotypes of IgG3 and IgE immune complexes, which are found in patients with tuberculosis. The identification of particular isotypes indicates a borderline state between LTBI and tuberculosis and requires therapeutic intervention.Conclusions: the use of the Diaskintest makes it possible to distinguish groups of employees of various institutions who are at a higher risk of developing tuberculosis. At the same time, determination of the ICs helps to reveal the borderline condition which requires medical intervention.
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Tokars, Jerome I., George F. McKinley, Joan Otten, Charles Woodley, Emilia M. Sordillo, Joan Caldwell, Catherine M. Liss, et al. "Use and Efficacy of Tuberculosis Infection Control Practices at Hospitals With Previous Outbreaks of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 22, no. 7 (July 2001): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501933.
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AbstractObjective:To evaluate the implementation and efficacy of selected Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for preventing spread ofMycobacterium tuberculosis.Design:Analysis of prospective observational data.Setting:Two medical centers where outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) had occurred.Participants:All hospital inpatients who had active TB or who were placed in TB isolation and healthcare workers who were assigned to selected wards on which TB patients were treated.Methods:During 1995 to 1997, study personnel prospectively recorded information on patients who had TB or were in TB isolation, performed observations of TB isolation rooms, and recorded tuberculin skin-test results of healthcare workers. Genetic typing ofM tuberculosisisolates was performed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis.Results:We found that only 8.6% of patients placed in TB isolation proved to have TB; yet, 19% of patients with pulmonary TB were not isolated on the first day of hospital admission. Specimens were ordered for acid-fast bacillus smear and results received promptly, and most TB isolation rooms were under negative pressure. Among persons entering TB isolation rooms, 44.2% to 97.1% used an appropriate (particulate, high-efficiency particulate air or N95) respirator, depending on the hospital and year; others entering the rooms used a surgical mask or nothing. We did not find evidence of transmission of TB among healthcare workers (based on tuberculin skin-test results) or patients (based on epidemiological investigation and genetic typing).Conclusions:We found problems in implementation of some TB infection control measures, but no evidence of healthcare-associated transmission, possibly in part because of limitations in the number of patients and workers studied. Similar evaluations should be performed at hospitals treating TB patients to find inadequacies and guide improvements in infection control.
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Sims, Kristin, and Roger Stienecker. "Financial and Labor Benefits of the Individual TB Risk Assessment Model for Annual TB Screening." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.787.
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Background: Since 1991, US tuberculosis (TB) rates have declined, including among health care personnel (HCP). Non–US born persons accounted for approximately two-thirds of cases. Serial TB testing has limitations in populations at low risk; it is expensive and labor intensive. Method: We moved a large hospital system from facility-level risk stratification to an individual risk model to guide TB screening based on Tuberculosis Screening, Testing, and Treatment of US Health Care Personnel: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2019. This process included individual TB risk assessment, symptom evaluation, TB testing for M. tuberculosis infection (by either IGRA or TST) for HCP without documented evidence of prior LTBI or TB disease, with an additional workup for TB disease for HCP with positive test results or symptoms compatible with TB disease. In addition, employees with specific job codes deemed high risk were required to undergo TB screening. Result: In 2018, this hospital system of ~10,000 employees screened 7,556 HCP for TB at a cost of $348,625. In 2019, the cost of the T Spot test increased from $45 to $100 and the cost of screening 5,754 HCP through October 31, 2019, was $543,057. In 2020, it is anticipated that 755 HCP will be screened, saving the hospital an estimated minimum of $467,557. The labor burden associated with employee health personnel will fall from ~629.66 hours to 62.91 hours. The labor burden associated with pulling HCPs from the bedside to be screened will be reduced from 629.66 hours to 62.91 hours as well. Conclusion: Adoption of the individual risk assessment model for TB screening based on Tuberculosis Screening, Testing, and Treatment of US Health Care Personnel: Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC, 2019 will greatly reduce financial and labor burdens in healthcare settings when implemented.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Prihartono, Nurhayati, Ella N. Hadi, Caroline E. Wuryaningsih, Lintang D. Saraswati, and Yovsyah . "A mixed method study of tuberculosis case management in hospitals of West and Central Java, Indonesia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 9 (August 23, 2017): 3380. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173849.
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Background: Indonesia as the secondlargest contributor of tuberculosis (TB)has adopted the WHOrecommendation through DOTS strategy to reducedisease burden in both government and private hospitals. Effectiveness of DOTS implementation in healthcare centers has been reported. However,few studies found that the TB treatment success rate in hospitals was still low.The objectives of the study were to assess case detection and the implementation of DOTS strategy in hospital. Methods: Study was conducted in 8 hospitalsin West Java and Central Java that had implemented DOTS strategy during a two-year period (2007-2008). Mixed methods were used to obtain data on treatment strategy quantitatively and its exploration qualitatively, particularly the practice performed by hospital staff and the patient’s experience. Results: Hospitals didnot refer many new TB cases to healthcare centers. All patients, treatment observers and the heads of DOTS team of the private hospitals stated that medication was always available at the hospital. Some public hospitals reported lack of stock of OAT due to large patient numbers.Seven out of the 8 hospitals had allocated treatment observers.Public and private hospitals had achieved treatment success rate of 61 to 74% for smear-positive and negative cases. However, there was a high proportion of cases that defaulted from treatment, the majority of which was among smear-negative cases in public hospital (29%). Conclusions: Overall success rate of TB treatment in hospital was low. Strengthening of TB case management in hospital through improved training of health-care personnel is needed to reduce the burden of TB in Indonesia.
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Cannas, Angela, Maria Grazia Paglia, Dominick Calistus Sakhoo, Francesco Vairo, Basra Doulla, Boniface Nguhuni, Zainab Chaula, et al. "Strengthening tuberculosis diagnosis in a low-resource setting: experience learned in Dodoma, Tanzania." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 09 (September 16, 2013): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3366.
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Introduction: Diagnosing tuberculosis in low-resource settings mostly relies on sputum smear microscopy. Improvement through capacity building is a priority. This project aimed to strengthen tuberculosis diagnosis at an intermediate level laboratory. Methodology: The Italian National Institute for Infectious Diseases and the Italian Development Cooperation closely collaborated with regional and national institutions and reference laboratories to provide laboratory setup, equipment and reagents, personnel training, and the implementation of culture and quality assessment programs at Dodoma Regional Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania. Results: Microscopy sensitivity was increased, personnel were trained, and culture techniques and quality assessment programs were introduced. Conclusions: Implementing tuberculosis diagnosis in resource-constrained settings is feasible and represents a basis for further strengthening.
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Kumar, Ashutosh, Rishabh Kumar Rana, Shalini Sundram, Sudipta Kumar Sinha, Richa Jaiswal, and Vivek Kashyap. "Progression from tuberculosis to multi drug resistance-TB in revised national tuberculosis control programme: perspectives from health system care givers." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 6 (May 27, 2019): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192091.
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Background: The aims and objectives were to study the progression from tuberculosis to multi drug resistance-TB in revised national tuberculosis control programme: perspectives from health system care givers.Methods: The study was carried out in TB Sanatorium ITKI, Sadar Hospital Ranchi and RIMS Ranchi. The interview of various health personnel including SAHIYAs was taken using a semi-structured questionnaire based on programmatic management of multi drug resistant tuberculosis guidelines -2016.Results: Among Doctors knowledge level was good compared to other health personnel which had mean value 7.33 (±2.79), laboratory technician 3.45 (±2.64), STS 4.67 (±1.59), Sahiya 2.1 (±0.73). Regarding capacity enhancement level all health personnel needed refresher trainings in which doctors got 4.67 (±1.58), laboratory technician 3.45±2.64, STS 1.72±0.34, and Sahiya 0.5±0.52. Specially sahiya needs training regarding MDR-TB because they are the connecting link between health system and community. Regarding execution level, Doctors got 1.86 (±0.74), laboratory technician 1.64 (±0.56), STS 1.64 (±0.56) and Sahiya (ASHA) 2.2 (±0.44). Sahiya were better than other health personnel at execution level.Conclusions: Advocacy, communication, and social mobilization are important aspects of TB control, Policy makers and administrators should be sensitized for need of adequate and sustained funding for TB control to ensure quality capacity building. They need to provide continuous and quality training of staff at different levels and retention of trained staff and periodic reviews to identify gaps and take corrective steps.
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Perri, Giovanni Di, GianPietro Cadeo, Francesco Castelli, Rocco Micciolo, Sergio Bassetti, Franco Rubini, Angelo Cazzadori, et al. "Transmission of HIV-Associated Tuberculosis to Healthcare Workers." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 14, no. 2 (February 1993): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646685.
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AbstractObjective:A retrospective investigation was made to compare the occupational risk of tuberculosis in personnel assisting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and uninfected subjects with active tuberculosis.Design:We retrospectively reviewed 6 years of hospital activity in 3 units where HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis are hospitalized and in 2 units where non-HIV-infected tuberculosis patients are hospitalized. The risk of occupational tuberculosis in healthcare workers who assisted HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis was investigated.Participants:The risk of occupational tuberculosis in healthcare workers was studied by considering the numbers of potential source cases (hospitalized patients with tuberculosis) in the two conditions investigated (HIV-positive and HIV-negative). Both potential source cases and cases of tuberculosis in healthcare workers had to be microbiologically proven in order to be considered..Results:Seven cases of tuberculosis occurred in persons who cared for 85 HIV-infected subjects with tuberculosis, while only 2 cases occurred in staff members who took care of 1,079 HIV-negative tuberculosis patients over the same period (relative risk=44.4; 95% confidence interval = 8.5-438).Conclusions:Tuberculosis seems no longer to be a neglectable risk in healthcare workers assisting patients with HIV infection. Further study is urgently needed to see whether such unexpectedly high dissemination of tuberculosis also is demonstrable in the community.
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Powell, K., D. Han, N. V. Hung, T. Vu, D. N. Sy, T. T. Trinh, T. C. Le, K. Do, J. E. Oeltmann, and S. Whitehead. "Prevalence and risk factors for tuberculosis infection among personnel in two hospitals in Viet Nam." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 15, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 1643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.11.0207.
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Berju, Adugna, Belete Haile, Seleshe Nigatu, Araya Mengistu, and Girma Birhan. "Smear-Positive Tuberculosis Prevalence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antinatal Care in North Gondar Zone Hospitals, Ethiopia." International Journal of Microbiology 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9432469.
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Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease that remains a threat to public health around the world. It is a contagious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In high tuberculosis burden countries, the prevalence of tuberculosis was 10-fold higher in the HIV-infected mothers than that in those not infected with HIV. However, little is known about the burden of tuberculosis (TB) and associated factors in women of reproductive age in most resource poor countries. Therefore, this study aims to investigate prevalence of smear-positive TB and factors associated in pregnant women attending antenatal care in North West, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three governmental hospitals of the North Gondar Zone, and a total of 1272 pregnant women attending antenatal care were included. Data were collected by trained personnel’s using a pretested and structured symptom screening questionnaire; then, spot-morning-spot sputum samples were collected from those pregnant women who had two or more weeks of cough, and sputum smear was done by using a light-emitted diode fluorescent microscope. 99% of the pregnant women visited the hospitals for antenatal care. The prevalence of smear-positive tuberculosis was 864/100,000 population, and HIV positivity (AOR = 7.24; 95% CI: (2.01–26.03)), urban residence (AOR = 2.28; 95% CI: (1.419–3.158)), and family history of TB (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI: (1.371–3.451)) were significantly associated with smear-positive tuberculosis. In this study, the prevalence of smear-positive tuberculosis was found to be higher than that in other community-based studies in the country. Therefore, health education, targeted screening of pregnant women for TB, and collaboration of TB-HIV clinic with antenatal care clinic should be implemented in the area. Further research should also be conducted for better understanding of the magnitude of tuberculosis in females of reproductive age.
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Repinа, O. V., A. A. Golubkovа, and V. A. Podgаevа. "On the formation of the center of tuberculosis infection in general medical units." Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 99, no. 3 (April 6, 2021): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-3-41-45.
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The objective of the study: to analyze the frequency of admission of tuberculosis patients to general medical units, to describe medical and social parameters of patients – sources of tuberculous mycobacteria which form a nosocomial center of tuberculosis infection.Subjects and methods. The following sources of information were used: Reporting Form no. 8 on Active Cases of Tuberculosis, data from the Annual Reporting Form on Analysis of Infectious Diseases Carrying drawn up by City Center for Medical Prevention in Yekaterinburg, Register of Infectious Diseases (Form no. 060/y), and 74 documents of Medical File of the Patient Receiving In-Patient Treatment (Form no. 003/y) for tuberculosis patients admitted to a therapy department of the city hospital.Results. Despite the decreasing tuberculosis incidence among Yekaterinburg residents, there was no significant decrease in the frequency of hospital admissions of patients with this disease to general medical units. Of all tuberculosis patients admitted to general medical units, 40.0 ± 2.7% were admitted to therapy departments. Duration of stay in a therapy department of tuberculosis patients excreting tuberculous mycobacteria made more than 7 days for 70% of such cases before they were discharged. The destruction phase was diagnosed in 56.8 ± 5.8%, 13.5 ± 4.0% had massive bacterial excretion documented by sputum microscopy. The frequency of TB/HIV co-infection made 43.2 ± 5.8%.Conclusion. In a therapy department, there is a high risk of getting infected with tuberculosis infection among patients and personnel who are exposed to a tuberculosis case.
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García-García, María de Lourdes, Aida Jiménez-Corona, María Eugenia Jiménez-Corona, Leticia Ferreyra-Reyes, Kenneth Martínez, Blanca Rivera-Chavira, María Elena Martínez-Tapia, et al. "Factors Associated With Tuberculin Reactivity in Two General Hospitals in Mexico." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 22, no. 02 (February 2001): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501869.
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Abstract Objective: To identify risk factors associated with tuberculin reactivity in healthcare workers (HCWs). Design: Cross-sectional survey of tuberculin reactivity (2 TU of purified protein derivative (PPD) RT23, using the Mantoux two-step test). Setting: Two general hospitals located in a region with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and high bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) coverage. Participants: Volunteer sample of HCWs. Results: 605 HCWs were recruited: 71.2% female; mean age, 36.4 (standard deviation [SD], 8.2) years; 48.9% nurses, 10.4% physicians, 26.8% administrative personnel; mean time of employment, 10.9 (SD, 6.7) years. PPD reactivity (≥10 mm) was found in 390 (64.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of tuberculin reactivity with occupational exposure in the hospital: participation in autopsies (odds ratio [OR], 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.1-40.5; P=.003.), more than 1 year of employment (OR, 2.4; CI95, 1.1-5.0; P=.02), work in the emergency or radiology departments (OR, 2.0; CI95,1.03-3.81; P=.04), being physicians or nurses (OR, 1.5; CI95, 1.04-2.11; P=.03), age (OR, 1.04; CI95, 1.02-1.07 per year of age; P<.001), and BCG scar (OR, 2.1; CI95, 1.2-3.4; P=.005). Conclusions: Although the studied population has a high baseline prevalence of tuberculosis infection and high coverage of BCG vaccination, nosocomial risk factors associated with PPD reactivity were identified as professional risks; strict early preventive measures must be implemented accordingly.
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Sol Vidiella, Josep, Teresa Catalán Gómez, Cristina Callau Casanova, and Marylène Lejeune. "LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN HEALTHCARE PERSONNEL AT A PRIMARY LEVEL GENERAL HOSPITAL IN CATALONIA, SPAIN." Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales 17, no. 2 (April 15, 2014): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12961/aprl.2014.17.2.05.
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Valenzuela-Soltero, Diana M., Jesús A. Güereca-Alvarado, Murielle Pacheco-Barajas, Nathaly Sánchez-Rebollar, and Rafael Laniado-Laborín. "Early Hospital Readmission in Patients With Tuberculosis: Social and Cultural Risk Factors." Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 16, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573398x16999200531170451.
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Background: Few studies have focused on risk factors for early readmission in patients with tuberculosis. Objective: Determine what are the risk factors for the early readmission of patients with tuberculosis at General Tijuana Hospital, Mexico. Material and methods: All patients aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted with the confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis were prospectively included. Information was obtained on demographic, socioeconomic variables, previous hospitalizations, clinical data, and laboratory and radiographic studies. Results: One hundred and thirty-four patients with tuberculosis were included, and 24 of them (17.9%) corresponded to early hospital readmissions. The interval between initial admission and readmission was 1.45 ± 0.183 months. The readmission group had used illicit drugs for more years (11.3 ± 13.9 years) than the new cases group (8.01 ± 8.25 years; p = 0.03). Forty percent of the patients who were readmitted did not go to their referral health unit after their initial hospital discharge. The reasons argued by the patients included, among others, not having received information regarding their illness during hospitalization, the abuse of illegal substances and the perception of hostility by health personnel. Discussion: One out of every five patients admitted for tuberculosis will be readmitted after only six weeks of initial discharge. Sociocultural factors (addictions, comorbidities, poverty) and of the health system (limited hours of medical care, accessibility) contribute to this phenomenon. Conclusions: Loss of follow-up after hospital discharge is common in most settings and contributes to an increase in morbidity and mortality, and transmission of infection in the community.
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Burwen, Dale R., and M. Franklin Seawright. "staffTRAK-TB: Software for Surveillance of Tuberculosis Infection in Healthcare Workers." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 11 (November 1999): 770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501582.
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AbstractThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends periodic tuberculin skin testing of healthcare workers with potential exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, many healthcare facilities have neither a system to identify workers due for their skin test nor a means of analyzing aggregate data. To illustrate some of the complexities involved in tuberculin skin test (TST) tracking and analysis, and how these might be addressed, this report describes a software package called staffTRAK-TB, developed by the CDC to facilitate surveillance of tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers. staffTRAK-TB records data for each healthcare worker, including demographic information, occupation, work location, multiple TST results, and results of evaluations to determine if clinically active tuberculosis is present. Programmed reports include lists of workers due and overdue for skin tests, and skin test conversion rates by occupation or worksite. Standardization of types of occupations and locations allows data from multiple facilities to be aggregated and compared. Data transfer to the CDC can be performed via floppy diskettes. staffTRAK-TB illustrates important issues in software structure, standardization of occupation and work-location information, relevant data items, and reports and analyses that would be useful in practice. Developing software that adequately addresses the epidemiological issues is complex, and the lessons learned may serve as a model for hospital epidemiologists, infection control personnel, occupational health personnel, and computer programmers considering software development in this area or trying to optimize their facility's TST surveillance.
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Tverdyukova, Elena D. "COMBATING TUBERCULOSIS IN LENINGRAD IN THE 1940S." Ural Historical Journal 70, no. 1 (2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-1(70)-39-46.
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The article analyzes the incidence of tuberculosis and the fight against it in Leningrad in the 1940s. The study is based on office documents and statistical materials from the funds of the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg (fund 7384 — St. Petersburg City Council of People’s Deputies and Fund 9156 — Health Committee of the Administration of St. Petersburg) and the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg (fund 295 — Scientific Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology). The dynamics of morbidity and mortality are given, the measures of the authorities are analyzed (regulation of the hospital, dispensary and sanatorium network, food supply of patients). The author concludes that during the siege years the epidemic spread of tuberculosis was facilitated not only by objective factors (poor living conditions of the population, hunger and vitamin deficiency, lack of qualified medical personnel), but also by organizational miscalculations of city health authorities and the focus of the authorities and doctors on the prevention of gastrointestinal-intestinal infections. The wave of morbidity was brought down in 1943, but as the evacuees and demobilized from the front returned to the city, tuberculosis again began to acquire the character of an epidemic. The system of post-war measures to combat tuberculosis included early detection of diseases, vaccinations, treatment and prophylactic activities, and health education. The collective efforts of epidemiologists, phthisiatricians and the sanitary inspection managed to somewhat reduce the severity of the problem, but financing of medicine on a leftover basis and the lack of a sufficient number of effective drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis reduced the effectiveness of doctors.
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Jibrin, Y. B., A. B. Ali, S. T. Saad, and P. M. Kolo. "Prevalence of Treatment Failure among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Federal Medical Centre, Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria." ISRN Infectious Diseases 2013 (December 23, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/461704.
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Treatment failure in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis poses a great danger to the global effort in control of tuberculosis. This study evaluated prevalence of treatment failure among pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Gombe, Nigeria. Consecutive patients managed between August 2008 and August 2009 at the Directly Observed Therapy (Tuberculosis) Unit of our hospital were enrolled for the study. Sputum specimens were collected from each patient at entry for Acid Fast Bacilli and repeated at the end of 2nd, 5th and 7th month of treatment. Of the 247 patients recruited, 200 patients consisting of 118 (59%) males and 82 (41%) females aged 15–78 years with a mean of 36.8 ± 12.4 years completed the study. One hundred and fifteen (57.5%) of the patients were sputum smear positive at entry while 85 (42%) were negative. Among 115 smear positive patients at baseline, 80 patients (69.6%), 26 (22.6%) and 24 (20.9%) remained positive after 2nd, 5th and 7th month of treatment respectively. In conclusion, there is a high treatment failure rate (22.6%) among our TB patients; and this poses a great danger to healthcare personnel and close contacts in the community.
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Velasco, John Mark, Noel Gaurano, Maria Theresa Valderama, Kathyleen Nogrado, Paula Corazon Diones, Ma Nila Lopez, Cynthia Liao, et al. "Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Among Military and Civilian Personnel seen at a Tertiary Military Hospital, Manila, Philippines (2015–2018)." Military Medicine 185, no. 7-8 (January 9, 2020): e1106-e1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz456.
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Abstract Introduction: About one third of the world population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), and this proportion is expected to be higher in countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden. The Philippines is both a high tuberculosis burden and a high multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden country. Though TB has been extensively described in the civilian population, there is limited data on TB in the military population. The objectives are: (1) To determine MTB/MDR-TB prevalence among military and civilian patients in the Philippines presenting with clinically suspected TB in a tertiary military hospital and (2) To determine performance of direct sputum smear microscopy (DSSM) using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining compared to Xpert MTB/RIF real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Materials and Methods: Sputum samples were obtained from patients, clinically suspected with TB, and/or with TB associated signs/symptoms. Sputum specimens were tested using DSSM with ZN staining and Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California) and patient demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: From March 2015 to December 2018, a total of 795 (173 military personnel [164 active duty and 9 retired]; 618 civilians; and 4 with no data on military/civilian status) patients with TB associated symptoms or clinically suspected with TB were tested. Overall, MTB prevalence was 81/795 (10%). MTB prevalence among active duty and retired military personnel were 27/164 (16%) and 4/9 (44%), respectively while MTB prevalence for civilian patients was 50/618 (8%) (p value = 0.0003; OR = 2.48 [95% C.I. 1.5–4]). Among active and retired military personnel who tested positive for MTB, rifampin resistance was 4/27 (15%) and 1/4 (25%), respectively, while rifampin resistance for civilian patients was 9/50 (18%) (p value = 1; OR = 0.88 [95% C.I. 0.26–2.90]). For active duty military personnel, average MTB prevalence (based on Xpert MTB/RIF) covering years 2015–2018 was 21% and ranged from 13% to 35%, while average rifampin resistance among MTB positive active duty military personnel was 15% and ranged from 0% to 25%. Overall sensitivity and specificity of DSSM compared to Xpert MTB/RIF were 70% and 96%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of DSSM to accurately categorize MTB in symptomatic cases (with Xpert MTB/RIF as “true positive” reference) were 74% and 95%, respectively. Performance of DSSM varied according to MTB load detected by Xpert MTB/RIF with increasing DSSM sensitivity observed as the MTB load detected by Xpert MTB/RIF increased (p = 0.02). Conclusion: This report describes high MTB and MDR-TB prevalence rates among symptomatic military patients with military personnel having higher odds of MTB infection compared to the civilian patients in the study. Since DSSM (ZN) sensitivity greatly varied depending on MTB load, the Xpert MTB/RIF should be used as a first-line diagnostic tool to identify MTB and detect rifampin resistance among presumptive TB cases instead of DSSM (ZN) microscopy.
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Moidunovich, Temirov Nemat, Mamyrova Kanykey Kanybekovna, Abdimomunova Begimay Toktobolotovna, Satybaldieva Ayzirek Topchubaevna, and Zholdoshev Saparbay Tezekbaevich. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of preventive and anti-epidemic measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among patients and medical personnel of an antitubercular hospital during the pandemic." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2102-01.
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The commonality of mechanisms and ways of transmission of new coronavirus infection and tuberculosis increases the risk of spreading pathogens and determines common preventive approaches. The aim of the work was to assess the effectiveness of preventive and anti-epidemic measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among patients and medical personnel of an antitubercular hospital during the pandemic. Given the specifics of TB hospital developed and implemented a complex of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which includes the identification and isolation of sources of infection, disinfection of air and adequate ventilation, disinfection of surfaces, use of personal protective equipment. The article describes the group morbidity of COVID-19 patients in an antitubercular hospital, which was caused by the introduction of infection into the hospital by patients in the incubation period. Timely measures made it possible to localize the situation and prevent the widespread spread of infection. The complex of measures for the protection of medical personnel has shown its high efficiency, which was manifested in the absence of cases of illness of personnel working in the «red zone». The absence of a consistent epidemic spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 among patients and hospital staff of the R.G. Bauer Jalal-Abad Regional Tuberculosis Control Center allows us to use the described experience of conducting preventive and anti-epidemic measures in medical organizations of this type.
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Wiwanitkit, Viroj. "Prevalence rate of active tuberculosis from chest radiography among Thai hospital personnel: A summary." American Journal of Infection Control 33, no. 5 (June 2005): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2005.03.007.
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D'Agata, Erika M. C., Sharon Wise, Amelia Stewart, and Lewis B. Lefkowitz. "Nosocomial Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis From an Extrapulmonary Site." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 22, no. 1 (January 2001): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501817.
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AbstractObjective:To assess the extent of nosocomial transmission and risk factors associated with tuberculin skin test (TST) conversions among healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to a patient with genitourinary Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Design:Retrospective cohort study of exposed HCWs.Setting:A 275-bed community hospital in Middle Tennessee.Participants:A total of 128 exposed HCWs and the index patient, who required drainage of a prostatic abscess and bilateral orchiectomy and expired after a 27-day hospitalization. Disseminated tuberculosis was diagnosed at autopsy.Methods:Contact tracing was performed on exposed HCWs. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors associated with TST conversion.Results:A total of 128 HCWs were exposed to the index patient. There was no evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis throughout the patient's hospitalization; TST conversions occurred only among HCWs who were exposed to the patient during or after his surgical procedures. A total of 12 (13%) of 95 exposed HCWs who were previously nonreactive had newly positive TST: 6 of 28 nurses, 3 of 3 autopsy personnel, 2 of 17 respiratory therapists, and 1 of 12 surgical staff. By logistic regression, irrigation or packing of the surgical site was the only independent risk factor associated with TST conversion among nurses (odds ratio, 9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-67; P=.03).Conclusion:Manipulation of infected tissues of the genitourinary tract can result in nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis.
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Colombatti, Raffaella. "Feasibility and effectiveness of tuberculosis active case-finding among children living with tuberculosis relatives: a cross sectional study in Guinea-Bissau ”." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 9, no. 1 (October 15, 2017): e2017059. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2017.059.
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Background and Objectives: The World Health Organization End tuberculosis (TB) Strategy, approved in 2014, aims at a 90% reduction in TB deaths and an 80% reduction in TB incidence rate by 2030. One of the suggested interventions is the systematic screening of people with suspected TB, belonging to specific risk groups. The Hospital Raoul Follereau (HRF) in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, is the National Reference Hospital for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease of the country. We performed an active case-finding program among pediatric age family members and cohabitants of admitted adult TB patients, from January to December 2013.Methods: Newly admitted adult patients with a diagnosis of TB were invited to bring their family members or cohabitants in childhood age for clinical evaluation in a dedicated outpatient setting within the hospital compound. All the children brought to our attention underwent medical examination and chest x-ray. In children with clinical and/or radiologic finding consistent with pulmonary TB a sputum-smear was requested.Results: All admitted adult patients accepted to bring their children cohabitants. In total, 287 children were examined in 2013. Forty-four patients (15%) were diagnosed with TB. The number needed to screen (NNS) to detect one case of TB was 7. 35 patients (80%) had pulmonary TB; 2 of them were sputum smear-positive. No adjunctive personnel cost was necessary for the intervention.Conclusions: children with TB represent a large proportion of the pool of undetected TB. A simple TB active case-finding program targeted to high risk groups like children households of severely ill admitted patients with TB can successfully be implemented in a country with limited resources.
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Laniado-Laborín, Rafael, and Noemí Cabrales-Vargas. "Tuberculosis in Healthcare Workers at a General Hospital in Mexico." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 5 (May 2006): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/503641.
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Objective.To determine the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) disease among healthcare workers (HCWs) at a general hospital.Design.Retrospective analysis of TB cases among HCWs over the course of 5 years.Setting.A 140-bed general hospital in Tijuana, Mexico.Participants.All hospital employees who developed TB during the 5-year period.Results.From 1 January 1999 through 31 December 2003, 18 TB cases were diagnosed among the hospital personnel. During that period, the mean ( ± standard deviation) annual work force of the hospital was 819 ± 21.7 employees. The TB incidence rate was 439.56 cases per 100,000 employees; this rate was 10.98 times higher than the rate for the general population of the city. The TB incidence rate for physicians was 860.21 cases per 100,000 employees, that for nurses was 365.85 cases per 100,000 employees, and that for physicians in training was 1,846.15 cases per 100,000 employees. Physicians in training had a higher risk of acquiring TB than did either physicians (relative risk, 2.14 [95% confidence interval, 1.34-35.66) or nurses (relative risk, 5.04 [95% confidence interval, 3.16-83.33). Three of the HCWs with TB disease were infected with a drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and one of the infecting strains was multidrug resistant. Asymptomatic TB infection among HCWs was not addressed during this study.Conclusions.The TB incidence rate among the HCWs at the hospital is extremely high, compared with that in the general population. The implementation of infection control measures is an urgent priority, to reduce this occupational hazard.
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Frampton, Mark W. "An Outbreak of Tuberculosis among Hospital Personnel Caring for a Patient with a Skin Ulcer." Annals of Internal Medicine 117, no. 4 (August 15, 1992): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-4-312.
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Mollel, Edson W., and Jaffu O. Chilongola. "Predictors for Mortality among Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Tanzania." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9241238.
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Problem. Factors related to MDRTB mortality in Tanzania have not been adequately explored and reported. Objectives. To determine demographic, clinical, radiographic, and laboratory factors associated with MDRTB mortality in a Tanzanian TB Referral Hospital. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study with 193 participants. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected, and their associations with mortality among MDRTB patients were determined. Results and Conclusions. Cough was the commonest finding among these MDRTB patients, with 179 (92.75%) of them presenting with cough, followed by chest X-ray consolidation in 156 patients (80.83%) and history of previous TB treatment in 151 patients (78.24%). Cigarette smoking, HIV positivity, and low CD4 counts were significantly associated with MDRTB mortality, p values of 0.034, 0.044, and 0.048, respectively. Fever on the other hand was at the borderline with p value of 0.059. We conclude that cigarette smoking and HIV status are significant risk factors for mortality among MDRTB patients. HIV screening should continually be emphasized among patients and the general community for early ARTs initiation. Based on the results from our study, policy makers and public health personnel should consider addressing tobacco cessation as part of national TB control strategy.
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Nechaeva, O. B. "The state and prospects of TB control service in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic." Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 98, no. 12 (January 18, 2021): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2020-98-12-7-19.
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The objective: to determine the state and prospects of TB control services including the period during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials. Data from Federal Statistic Surveillance Forms no. 4, 8, 14, 14-DS, 30, 33, 47, and 61 were analyzed. The number of those died is presented as per the data of Rosstat.Research methods: epidemiological and statistical analysis, expert assessment, and content analysis of publications and regulations.Results. In Russia in the second decade of the XXI century, there was a significant improvement of tuberculosis situation. From 2010 to 2019, the reduction of the rates was the following: incidence – from 77.2 to 41.2 per 100,000 population (by 46.6%); prevalence – from 177.5 to 86.4 per 100,000 population (by 51.3%); mortality – from 15.4 to 5.1 per 100,000 population (3-fold reduction).In recent years, one can anticipate the stabilization of HIV situation. Over 10 years (2006-2015), the average growth rate of indicators was the following: incidence – by 9.8%, prevalence at the end of the year – by 9.4%, mortality – by 26.6%. In 2016-2019, HIV incidence became stable (2019 – 54.6 per 100,000 population). In 2019, for the first time HIV mortality decreased by 2.1% and reached 13.7 per 100,000 population. The number of lethal TB/HIV co-infection cases is going down. People at the age of 15-34 fall ill (2019 – 37.6%) and die (23.6%) less often versus all new cases and those who died of HIV infection. Russia has the highest coverage of the population with HIV tests (28.5%).Epidemics of tuberculosis and coronavirus infection are developing in the opposite directions. High rates of COVID-19 are observed in regions with low tuberculosis rates, therefore the COVID-19 pandemic will not result in the increase of tuberculosis incidence in the population that is predominantly not infected with tuberculosis. Conversely, in regions with a high level of tuberculosis infection in the population, the number of coronavirus cases is significantly lower.In Russia, in the near future COVID-19 will not contribute to the increase in incidence and mortality of tuberculosis and HIV infection. The negative effects of the pandemic are partially offset by a sharp reduction in contacts, an increase in lung computed tomography, regular supply of anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral drugs purchased by the state budgets of different levels, improved patients’ adherence to treatment, and the expansion of hospital-replacing technologies in specialized medical organizations.Facilities, resources and personnel of medical TB control services make it possible to expand their functions to fulfill the goals and objectives of the RF Healthcare Development Strategy for the period up to 2025 for socially significant infectious diseases that pose a biological threat to the population (tuberculosis, HIV infections, and parenteral viral hepatitis).
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Baryshnikova, L. A., M. N. Kabaeva, N. A. Voekova, N. A. Loginova, and I. I. Sirotko. "Organization of activities of TB medical units in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic." Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 99, no. 3 (April 6, 2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-3-12-17.
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The article analyzes the organization of work of N.V. Postnikov Samara Regional Clinical TB Dispensary in 2020. The special procedure has been developed for COVID-19 tests in patients referred to TB department. All cases of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in tuberculosis patients that occurred in the Samara region in 2020 (n = 31) were studied. Infection control activities are the following: separate filter boxes have been provided for personnel and patients in each department; two observational departments have been organized where patients are admitted depending on the type of medical care. The polymerase chain reaction has been used to examine patients for COVID-19 before admission to TB hospital for planned medical care, and express tests for immunoglobulins M and G have been used when patients were admitted in an emergency. Of the 30 cases of intravital detection of concurrent infections (tuberculosis + COVID-19), in 56.7% (17 people), COVID-19 was treated in the in-patient unit specializing in treatment of the new coronavirus infection, and in 43.3% (13 people), treatment was outpatient; lethality made 1/30 (3.33%).
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Zlojtro, Marija, Mateja Jankovic, Miroslav Samarzija, Ljiljana Zmak, Vera Katalinic Jankovic, Mihaela Obrovac, Igor Zlojtro, and Marko Jakopovic. "Nosocomial pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium gordonae associated with a hospital's water supply contamination: a case series of 135 patients." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 1 (July 21, 2014): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.061.
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens found in natural and human-engineered waters. In 2009, a relative increase in the isolation of Mycobacterium gordonae from pulmonary samples originating from General Hospital Zabok was noted by the National Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory. An epidemiological survey revealed a contamination of the cold tap water with M. gordonae and guidelines regarding sputum sample taking were issued. In addition, all incident cases of respiratory infection due to NTM reported from 2007 to 2012 at General Hospital Zabok were included in a retrospective review. Out of 150 individual NTM isolates, M. gordonae was the most frequently isolated species (n = 135; 90%) and none of the cases met the criteria of the American Thoracic Society for pulmonary NTM disease. While concomitant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was confirmed in only 6 (4%) patients, anti-tuberculosis treatment was initiated for a significant portion of patients (n = 64; 42.6%) and unnecessary contact tracing was performed. This study points out the need to enhance the knowledge about NTM in our country and indicates the importance of faster NTM identification, as well as the importance of good communication between laboratory personnel and physicians when evaluating the significance of the isolated NTM.
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Novozhylova, I. O., M. I. Linnyk, O. P. Tarasenko, A. M. Prykhodko, V. G. Matusevych, and I. V. Bushura. "ATTITUDE OF PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS TOWARD DISEASE AND TREATMENT." Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal 29, no. 2 (2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31215/2306-4927-2021-29-2-11-15.
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Aim: to study the attitude of patients with tuberculosis (TB) toward disease and treatment. Materials and methods. Anonymous questioning of 490 patients with TB grouped by case category (new, repeated treatment, multiple-resistant TB) and phase of treatment (intensive or maintenance phase, hospital or out-patient). Statistical analysis of the results was performed. Results. Majority of study participants were aware about TB, duration of its treatment and commonly used antituberculosis drugs (ATD). But 1/3 of patients was not informed on possible side effects of ATD. Many patients trusted their physician, had good relationships with medical personnel. They were sure about the cure and readily accepted ATD treatment, confirmed a support of relatives and friends. However, many patients were depressed due to the longevity of treatment (59,8 %), 31,8 % had doubts regarding convalescence, 56,5 % needed psychological support. 55,9 % of hospital patients wished to receive an out-patient care. 1/3 of hospital patients were unsatisfied by the conditions of the facilities. 14,4 % of patients anticipated the changes in organization of out-patient treatment. The considerable worsening of quality of life was noted in 59,2 % of patients: 70,0 % of these patients considered this was due to financial burden, 54,8 % � poor physical condition, 46,6 % � the change of lifestyles, 12,8 % � emotional suffering. 63,3 % of interviewed patients considered that there was a �brand of TB patient� in society: 1/2 of patients felt this on their own, 59,0 % concealed the fact of the illness. Patients with multiple-resistant TB had less support from relatives and friends, less trusted their physician, needed more psychological support. They were less sure in convalescence and more frustrated by the long treatment. They wanted to be treated as out-patients; felt the worsening of quality of life and bad attitude from the society. Conclusions. Questioning of TB patients has revealed the following: lack of knowledges about possible side effects of ATD, need for shorter duration of therapy, better hospital treatment conditions or opportunity to get treatment at home, doubts in convalescence and necessity for psychological support, need for better quality of life (financial and emotional condition, lifestyles), possibility not to conceal the illness because of negative attitude in society and need to improve the conditions of treatment. It was proved the necessity for improvement of patients' awareness about TB course and treatment, provision of psychological support (especially in resistant TB), improvement of hospital and outpatient care (considering patient�s expectations and epidemic safety), elucidative work with their nearest surroundings and creation of such informative environment in society, which would overcome negative attitude toward with TB patients. Findings are important for the improvement of organization of treatment and achievement of better treatment adherence of the patients, and can positively influence overall treatment effectiveness. Key words: tuberculosis, disease, treatment, questioning.
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Valvi, C., A. Chandanwale, S. Khadse, R. Kulkarni, D. Kadam, A. Kinikar, S. Joshi, et al. "Delays and barriers to early treatment initiation for childhood tuberculosis in India." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 23, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1090–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.18.0439.
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BACKGROUND: India accounts for 27% of global childhood tuberculosis (TB) burden. Understanding barriers to early diagnosis and treatment in children may improve care and outcomes.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed among 89 children initiated on anti-TB treatment from a public hospital in Pune during 2016, using a structured questionnaire and hospital records. Health care providers (HCPs) were defined as medical personnel consulted about the child's TB symptoms. Time-to-treatment initiation (TTI) was defined as the number of days between onset of TB symptoms and anti-TB treatment initiation. Based on Revised National TB Control Programme recommendations, delayed TTI was defined as >28 days.RESULTS: Sixty-seven (75%) of 89 enrolled children had significant TTI delays (median 51 days, interquartile range [IQR] 27–86). Sixty-six (74%) children visited 1–8 HCPs in the private sector before approaching the public sector. The median HCP delay was 28 days (IQR 10–75). Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination (aOR 10.96, P = 0.04) and loss of appetite (aOR 4.44, P = 0.04) were associated with delayed TTI.CONCLUSION: The majority of the children had TTI delays due to delays by HCPs in the private sector. Strengthening HCP competency in TB symptom screening and encouraging early referrals are crucial for rapid scaling up of early treatment initiation in childhood TB.
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du Preez, K., H. S. Schaaf, R. Dunbar, A. Swartz, P. Naidoo, and A. C. Hesseling. "Closing the reporting gap for childhood tuberculosis in South Africa: improving hospital referrals and linkages." Public Health Action 10, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.19.0053.
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Setting: A referral hospital in Cape Town, Western Cape Province, Republic of South Africa.Objective: To measure the impact of a hospital-based referral service (intervention) to reduce initial loss to follow-up among children with tuberculosis (TB) and ensure the completeness of routine TB surveillance data.Design: A dedicated TB referral service was established in the paediatric wards at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, in 2012. Allocated personnel provided TB education and counselling, TB referral support and weekly telephonic follow-up after hospital discharge. All children identified with TB were matched to electronic TB treatment registers (ETR.Net/EDRWeb). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare reporting of culture-confirmed and drug-susceptible TB cases before (2007–2009) and during (2012) the intervention.Results: Successful referral with linkage to care was confirmed in 267/272 (98%) and successful reporting in 227/272 (84%) children. Children with drug-susceptible, culture-confirmed TB were significantly more likely to be reported during the intervention period than in the pre-intervention period (OR 2.52, 95%CI 1.33–4.77). The intervention effect remained consistent in multivariable analysis (adjusted OR 2.62; 95%CI 1.31–5.25) after adjusting for age, sex, human immunodeficiency virus status and the presence of TB meningitis.Conclusions: A simple hospital-based TB referral service can reduce initial loss to follow-up and improve recording and reporting of childhood TB in settings with decentralised TB services.
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Asaithambi, Anupriya, Uma Alagappan, Susethira Ragavendran, Vazhavandal Ganesan, Saraswathi ., Lalithambigai ., and Diego Edwin. "A study on notifiable diseases reported in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 5 (April 24, 2017): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171779.
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Background: This study was undertaken to analyse the various diseases reported in a teritary care hospital. To find out the most common disease notified. Methods: This is hospital record based retrospective study. The data was collected from notifiable disease register maintained in the Department of Microbiology and also from medical records section of this hospital from August 2013 to December 2016. Results: The total number of cases reported was 1613. Of the 22 diseases listed by the government only seven were more common. Tuberculosis ranks the top followed by HIV-AIDS, malaria, dengue respectively. The disease group commonly affected is 13-59 years (61.5%) with male (63.5%) predominance. Conclusions: To prevent the spread of epidemic, the health care personnel must be adequately trained to identify the disease and notify the higher authorities.
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Nair, Sashi N., Indira Brar, and Gireeshkumar K.P. "944. Pneumocystis-Tuberculosis Co-infection in the HIV Positive Host." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1130.
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Abstract Background Concurrent infection with Pneumocystis Jirovecii (PJP) and Tuberculosis (TB) has been described in HIV infected patients. Developed countries, where guidelines on the treatment of PJP have been created have dramatically lower rates of latent and active TB than developing countries. PJP may obscure the diagnosis or delay the treatment of TB. Furthermore, treatment of PJP with corticosteroids may be detrimental to the course of TB. The objective of this study was to examine the frequency and the clinical characteristics of the co-infection of PJP and TB in HIV. Methods The clinical details of all HIV patients being treated at Amrita Hospital in South India have been prospectively collected in an electronic database since 2006. We compiled the data from 2006 to 2018 and further examined the clinical and laboratory results from electronic charts of patients admitted with PJP. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with descriptive analysis. Results A total of 21 of the 576 HIV patients were had admissions for PJP. Of these, 43% were co-infected with PJP and TB. In all cases PJP was the opportunistic infection leading to a HIV diagnosis. When comparing the PJP and MTB group with the PJP only group, the dual infected group was younger (40 vs 45), however there was no difference in length of stay (16.5 days vs 11.8), ICU admission rate (33% vs 36%), or mortality (0 vs 3 patients died). Demographic Data Comparison of TB-PCP and PCP only groups Conclusion Our report highlights the need to increase awareness of occurrence of this dual infection in HIV infected patients, as both infections can mimic each other clinically and radiologically, and are potentially fatal if not recognized promptly. Furthermore tuberculosis has the risk of transmission to health care personnel and other patients. In addition we report a much higher rate of underlying TB in our patients with PJP than what has been generally reported in the literature and conclude that higher clinical suspicion for this entity is warranted, particularly in countries with a high prevalence of TB. Immunology and Pathophysiology of HIV-PJP-TB triple infection Disclosures Indira Brar, MD, Gilead (Speaker’s Bureau)janssen (Speaker’s Bureau)ViiV (Speaker’s Bureau)
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Mekhantieva, Lyudmila Evgenievna, Mariya Yurievna Leshcheva, and Nataliya Vadimovna Gabbasova. "The formation of the sanitary service in the Voronezh region in the XVIII–XIX centuries." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2102-08.
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The aim of the work was to study the history of the formation of the sanitary service in the Voronezh region in the XVIII–XIX centuries. The material of the research was archival materials of the State Archives of the Voronezh Region, the Voronezh Regional Universal Scientific Library named after I.S. Nikitin. The article presents the main historical stages in the development of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the period of the 18th — 19th centuries. Brief information about the first doctors on the territory of the Voronezh province, the raging epidemics of scurvy, typhus, and plague is presented. The most terrible disease that the population of the Voronezh province faced in the first quarter of the 18th century was the plague. Anti-epidemic measures to combat the plague included the establishment of strong outposts and quarantines on the roads, the burning of houses with belongings, horses and cattle, the delay of couriers and the reception of letters through fire with their three times rewriting, the death penalty if the above measures were violated. In the 18th century, the first hospital for the civilian population was opened in the Voronezh region. Medical institutions were poor, poorly equipped, there was an acute shortage of personnel and medical supplies. In 1797, medical boards were organized in the provincial cities, consisting of an inspector, an obstetrician and an operator. The general supervision of hospitals, keeping records of infectious diseases, monitoring the quality of food, conducting forensic medical examinations, and examining patients was entrusted to the council. In the 19th century, cholera became widespread among the population. To prevent the incidence of smallpox, vaccination of the population was carried out since 1802. At the beginning of the 19th century, the replenishment of medical personnel in the Voronezh province was due to midwives. The situation with medical personnel changed only towards the end of the 19th century. The end of the century is characterized by a significant increase in socially significant infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis, syphilis.
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Almohaya, Abdulellah, Abdulwahab Aldrees, Layan Akkielah, Alshaima Talal Hashim, Fahad Almajid, Turki Binmoammar, and Mazin A. Barry. "Latent tuberculosis infection among health-care workers using Quantiferon-TB Gold-Plus in a country with a low burden for tuberculosis: prevalence and risk factors." Annals of Saudi Medicine 40, no. 3 (May 2020): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2020.191.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Health-care workers (HCW) are susceptible to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The prevalence of LTBI in HCW in Saudi Arabia has not been reported using the fourth-generation interferon gamma release assay QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus). OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of LTBI in a large heterogeneous HCW population and assess risk factors for LTBI. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records of HCWs who had QFT-Plus performed between January to December 2018 were reviewed and included in the cross-sectional study. In a subset analysis, randomly selected positive QFT-Plus cases were compared with controls selected from the same areas of work. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the significance of other factors to QFT-PLus positivity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of LTBI in HCWs and potential risk factors for LTBI. SAMPLE SIZE: 3024 HCWs in the cross-sectional analysis; 294 cases and 294 controls in the case-control analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent (n=733) of the HCWs had a positive QFT-Plus. The median (interquartile range) age was 34.0 (31.0-37.1) years, 71% were female, and only 24.8% were of Saudi nationals. Nursing represented 57.7% of HCWs, and 24.7% were working in a non-clinical area. Only 20.3% worked in TB-related departments. A higher risk of LTBI was present in HCWs who were older than 50 years (OR=1.95), from either Philippines (OR=4.7) or the Indian subcontinent (OR=4.1), working as a nurse (OR=2.7), allied health profession (OR=2.1), radiology technician (OR=3.1), or in the emergency room (OR=2.4) or intensive care unit (OR=2.1). In the binary logistic regression, independent predictors for positive QFT-Plus were age group older than 50 years (aOR=2.96), known TB exposure (aOR=1.97), and not receiving BCG at birth (aOR=3.08). LIMITATION: Single-center, retrospective, possible recall bias for BCG vaccination. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of LTBI among HCW emphasizes the need to continue pre-employment screening, especially for employed personnel from high endemic areas, with targeted annual screening for the same group and other identified high-risk groups. These findings can aid in the development of national screening guidelines for LTBI in HCW. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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Iribarren, Sarah J., Fernando Rubinstein, Vilda Discacciati, and Patricia F. Pearce. "Listening to Those at the Frontline: Patient and Healthcare Personnel Perspectives on Tuberculosis Treatment Barriers and Facilitators in High TB Burden Regions of Argentina." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/135823.
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Purpose. In Argentina, tuberculosis (TB) control measures have not achieved key treatment targets. The purpose of this study was to identify modes of treatment delivery and explore patient and healthcare personnel perceptions of barriers and facilitators to treatment success.Methods. We used semistructured group and individual interviews for this descriptive qualitative study. Eight high burden municipalities were purposively selected. Patients in treatment for active TB(n=16), multidisciplinary TB team members(n=26), and TB program directors(n=12)at local, municipal, regional, and national levels were interviewed. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results. Modes of treatment delivery varied across municipalities and types of healthcare facility and were highly negotiated with patients. Self-administration of treatment was common in hospital-based and some community clinics. Barriers to TB treatment success were concentrated at the system level. This level relied heavily on individual personal commitment, and many system facilitators were operating in isolation or in limited settings.Conclusions. We outline experiences and perspectives of the facilitating and challenging factors at the individual, structural, social, and organizational levels. Establishing strong patient-healthcare personnel relationships, responding to patient needs, capitalizing on community resources, and maximizing established decentralized system could mitigate some of the barriers.
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Hassan, Manal I., and Asim E. Diab. "Detection of latent tuberculosis infection among laboratory personnel at a University Hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia using an interferon gamma release assay." Journal of Infection and Public Health 7, no. 4 (July 2014): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2013.10.002.
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Somnuke, Pawit, Rachaneekorn Ramlee, Waratchaya Ratanapaiboon, Passorn Thommaaksorn, Cherdsak Iramaneerat, Somsit Duangekanong, and Arunotai Siriussawakul. "Factors influencing preoperative chest radiography request for elective endoscopic procedures among medical personnel." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): e0242140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242140.
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Background Chest radiography is not routinely recommended before elective endoscopies. A high incidence of perioperative chest radiography requests was observed at our institution. This study aims to investigate factors influencing preoperative chest radiography request for patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies. Methods This cross-sectional clinical study recruited 264 participants from different medical specialties who were responsible for preoperative endoscopic chest x-ray (CXR) ordering including anesthesiologists, surgeons and gastroenterologists. They completed questionnaires exploring their general knowledge and attitudes about preoperative chest radiography. Demographic characteristic of the participants affecting the knowledge on preoperative chest radiography was determined. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was constructed from validated conceptual framework to find causal relationships between hypothesized factors and intention for preoperative endoscopic chest radiography request. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software version 18.0 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 18.0. Results The questionnaire response rate was 53.79%. Baseline general knowledge on preoperative chest radiography of the participants was comparable. The SEM results showed unsupported relationship between hypothesized factors and the intention for preprocedural GI endoscopic CXR request (p < 0.1). Conclusions General knowledge of medical personnel on tuberculosis needs improvement. To rectify the unnecessary chest radiography request before elective GI endoscopic procedures, awareness of the patients’ health conditions, adherence to the hospital’s policy and realizing of possible patient-related mishaps are not the determinants for preprocedural endoscopic chest radiography request. Future works are required to explore other alternative factors involved for reducing chest radiography requests which are not indicated.
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Tangsawad, Sasithorn, and Surasak Taneepanichskul. "Increasing smear positive-pulmonary tuberculosis cases by strengthening district TB coordinating team in low case-detection provinces, Thailand." Journal of Lung, Pulmonary & Respiratory Research 5, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jlprr.2018.05.00192.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable infectious diseases and remains a major global health problem as the cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. This study was increased TB cases notification by strengthening the system of district TB coordinating team. Materials and methods: The research was mixed method, Quasi - Experimental study with two –group control and intervention pre–post analysis. The two low TB-case notification provinces in public health region 7 were purposive selected and two districts from each province was random selected to be the area of the study. Selapoom district, Roiet province and Banpai district, Khonkaen province were the study sites for intervention and control group respectively. The sample size included all of TB suspected cases in both group. Data collected from the suspected TB cases form case record form in each district hospital in 9 month period of base line before and after intervention period in both group. The satisfaction questionnaire collected from participants in district TB coordinating team. The curriculum for TB knowledge applied from the standard of National TB program (NTP ) for teaching in the intervention workshop .Focus group discussion was done about system implementation. Data analysis by descriptive statistic, chi square test, focus group analysis was used in qualitative study. Results: The district TB coordinating team was set up in the intervention hospital included of 14 health personnel from hospital, district health office and health center. The work flow and monitoring system was implemented by the district team in intervention group in 9 months period. There were 838 and 324 suspected TB cases in baseline 9 months before the study and 769 and 379 of suspected TB cases in post 9 months after intervention period among control and intervention hospital respectively. The most age group of TB suspected cases were more than 60 year and the most occupation were agriculturists in both group. In both group found that the factors of gender, chest radiography, sputum microscopy, chest radiography with sputum microscopy, chest radiography with completed microscopic examinations, were associated statistically significant at the 0.05 level. For the relative risk of TB notification cases in control hospital ( RR=0.74 ,95%CI 0.54-1.03, p-value 0.07) and intervention hospital (RR=1.61 ,95%CI 1.04-2.51, p-value 0.03) defined that in the hospital with non-intervention provided had a 25% reduction of TB notification cases and in the hospital with intervention provided had a 61% increase of TB notification cases.. Focus group analysis concluded that district TB coordinating team was benefit in district level and helping team to monitoring of TB control program. The coordinating system especially having TB coordinator was the most satisfaction from the participants. Conclusion: Strengthening district TB coordinating team and the coordinating network in hospital , district health office and health center help to increase TB case notification and percent of suspected tuberculosis cases to complete the investigation in district level.
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Kang, JaHyun, Omar Karlsson, Bock-hui Yeon, Si-Hyeon Han, and Jae Yeun Kim. "Observed Time Burden With Isolation Precautions at Three University-Affiliated Hospitals in Korea." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.581.
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Background: Isolation precautions (IPs; ie, patient isolation with transmission-based precautions) are essential in hospital infection control interventions to prevent the transmission of healthcare-associated infections. Because IPs require healthcare personnel (HCP) to use personal protective equipment (PPE; eg, gown, gloves, and mask) to enter patient isolation rooms and perform hand hygiene (HH) frequently, IPs are often regarded as cumbersome tasks and may lead to fewer HCP visits. This observation study examined the time burden of IPs (ie, PPE use and HH) from time spent on HCP tasks, including patient treatment and care, in patient isolation rooms. Methods: With institutional review board approval, participating hospitals were recruited. At each hospital, assigned infection control nurses observed HCP tasks at patient isolation rooms of interest and recorded each task’s duration, using a stopwatch or timer and an observation form. For each observation block (ie, a duty period at 1 observation unit, regardless of the number of observed isolation rooms), unit-related information was collected, including the numbers of hospitalized patients, admission patients, discharge patients, isolation patients, and nurses. For each block, IP proportions were calculated by total time spent on IP divided by the total time spent on all tasks. Descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA, and regression analyses were conducted using STATA version 16.0 software. Results: Three university-affiliated hospitals (838 average hospital beds, range 811–855) participated from April 2 to May 18, 2019 (for 7–9 days). In total, 2,901 tasks were monitored and the total time spent was 164,973 seconds; most tasks were done by nurses (89.2%) and females (86.8%). Although the most time-intensive task was procedures (eg, intravenous infusion) followed by medication, PPE use was the most frequent task followed by HH (Table 1). Regarding IP proportions, an overall average of 23.6% of total task time was spent on IPs (16.1% for PPE use and 7.5% for HH) in patient isolation rooms (Table 2). Notably, tasks in the tuberculosis isolation room of hospital B showed a greater HH proportion (13.7%) than PPE proportion (13.5%) because HCP usually use N95 masks only. Wards, compared to intensive care units (ICUs), showed higher PPE proportions (19.2%), potentially due to PPE stock in the nurse station and less PPE education compared to ICUs. Conclusions: Our study results demonstrated the substantial amount of time spent on IP compliance among all task durations in patient isolation rooms. To improve IP compliance, this time burden needs to be considered with greater system support, such as more nursing staff.Funding: This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (Grant no. 2017R1D1A1B03036377).Disclosures: None
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Reviono, Reviono, Harsini Harsini, Jatu Aphridasari, I. Gusti Bagus Indro Nugroho, and Kusmadewi Eka Damayanti. "Influence social and healthcare support on psychiatric adverse events in MDR-TB patient." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 07 (July 31, 2018): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10352.
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Introduction: Multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a continuing threat because the treatment is rather toxic. One of the causes of poor treatment outcome is due to the adverse events, especially the occurrence of psychiatric adverse events.
Methodology: The two cases presented in this paper are MDR-TB patients with psychiatric adverse events related to depression spectrum. The diagnosis of psychiatric adverse events was done by psychiatrist in the referral hospital.
Results: The treatment of MDR-TB and psychiatric adverse event was carried out simultaneously. One of the patients was able to manage the adverse events, but the other was not. The management of psychiatric adverse events need to be performed carefully. Social support of family and friends was received by the successful patient, while the other was not fully supported, thus failed the treatment.
Conclusion: The social support provided by the family and friends are precious for the successful treatment of MDR-TB psychiatric adverse events. The availability of healthcare personnel who is able to recognize the symptoms early is needed in the community healthcare service in order to properly detect and manage the psychiatric adverse events on MDR-TB patients.
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Setiabudi, Rebekah J., Ni Made Mertaniasih, and Manik Retno Wahyunitisari. "PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KEAHLIAN DIAGNOSIS MIKROSKOPIS BTA PETUGAS LABORATORIUM DI SORONG PADA ERA PANDEMI COVID-19." Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v5i1.2021.111-115.
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ABSTRAKPenyakit Tuberkulosis (TB) Paru merupakan salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas penting di dunia. Indonesia masih merupakan salah satu negara yang mempunyai beban TB yang terbesar diantara 5 negara yaitu: India, China, Nigeria dan Pakistan. Kota dan Kabupaten Sorong merupakan salah satu daerah di Propinsi Papua Barat dimana TB masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan kesehatan. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis TB dengan metode Ziehl Neelsen, menurut WHO, masih merupakan sarana diagnostik yang sensitif, spesifik, praktis, dan juga murah. Belum terstandardisasinya kinerja petugas laboratorium TB juga menjadi kendala tersendiri dalam diagnosis TB dengan metode Ziehl Neelsen. Munculnya pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda dunia termasuk Indonesia, membuat berbagai kegiatan menjadi tertunda. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat di tengah pandemi Covid-19 ini terpaksa dilakukan dalam bentuk “workshop online”. Dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan digunakan aplikasi zoom untuk kuliah penyegaran, memberikan informasi terbaru terkait TB di Indonesia dan pengetahuan tambahan lainnya. Sedangkan dalam meningkatkan keahlian dilakukan praktek pembuatan sediaan mikroskopis TB dan latihan pembacaan sediaan mikroskopis TB yang dilaksanakan secara offline di laboratorium Mikrobiologi Rumah Sakit JP Wanane, yang dimonitor dan dibimbing oleh Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik yang bertugas di sana. Melalui kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Universitas Airlangga ini, diharapkan dapat membangkitkan lagi semangat, melakukan penyegaran serta menambah pengetahuan dan ketrampilan bagi tenaga kesehatan di daerah untuk dapat melakukan tugasnya dengan baik sehingga Program Pengendalian Infeksi Tuberkulosis dapat kembali berjalan sebagaimana seharusnya. Kata kunci : tuberkulosis, pemeriksaan mikroskopis, sorong, pandemi Covid-19 ABSTRACTPulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Indonesia is still one of the countries with the largest burden of TB among 5 countries, namely: India, China, Nigeria and Pakistan. Sorong City is one of the areas in Western Papua, Indonesia, where TB is still a health problem. According to WHO, microscopic examination of TB by the Ziehl Neelsen method is still a sensitive, specific, practical, and inexpensive diagnostic tool. The unstandardized performance of TB laboratory personnel has also become an obstacle in itself in diagnosing TB with the Ziehl Neelsen method. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic has delayed various activities. Community Service Activities in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic had to be carried out in the form of an "online workshop". In increasing knowledge, the zoom application is used for refresher lectures, providing the latest information related to TB in Indonesia and other additional knowledge. Meanwhile, in increasing expertise, the practice of making TB microscopic preparations and reading exercises for TB microscopic preparations was carried out offline in the Microbiology laboratory of the JP Wanane Hospital, which was monitored and guided by the Clinical Microbiology Specialist who served there. Through this Community Service activity carried out by Airlangga University, it is hoped that it can revive enthusiasm, refresh and increase knowledge and skills for health workers in the regions to be able to carry out their duties properly so that the Tuberculosis Infection Control Program can resume running as it should.Keyword : tuberculosis, microscopic examination, Sorong, Covid-19 pandemic
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Revanna, Shubha, Chinmayi Kaggere Harish, and Gramle Amol. "Adverse drug reaction monitoring of antitubercular drugs at tertiary care medical college hospital: prospective study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 2738. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20174798.
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Background: To study the socio-demographic profile of patients receiving DOTS and to estimate the prevalence of adverse drug reaction and casualty in patients receiving DOTS.Methods: This is a self reporting prospective study , trained personnel instructed patients about treatment and possible adverse drug reaction and patient telephone number was noted and pamphlet with information about possible ADR’S and containing contact number of the staff in-charge was distributed among the patients and they were instructed to contact staff if any mild or severe ADR’S was noticed and also staff in-charge himself contacted patients regularly for update of neglected ADR’S and noted information was tabulated ,analyzed using and frequency table with percentage and chi-square test of significance was calculated and causality was assessed using Noranjo scale and severity using modified Hartwig and Siegal scale.Results: The commonest ADRs received were gastritis in 32 (20%) patients, followed by myalgia in 25 (15.6%) and fatigue in 21(13.12%) patients. Major adverse events included chest pain, joint pain, edema, blurring of vision and mental depression. It was surprising that none of the patients reported with any untoward skin reactions. In a small sample of 64 subjects, 160 ADRs were noted and among the ADRs there by received, the statistically significant value obtained was only with that of gastritis (p= 0.025).Conclusions: Incidence of fatal ADR’s in DOTS is none with extremely low incidence of severe ADR’s with only mild to moderate ADR’S reported DOTS is relatively safe in treatment of tuberculosis.
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Dickson, Robert L., Clint Woosley, Sally A. Santen, and Robin R. Hemphill. "TUBERCULOSIS IN EMS PERSONNEL." Southern Medical Journal 92, Supplement (November 1999): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199911001-00046.
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Dickson, Robert L., Clint Woosley, Sally A. Santen, and Robin R. Hemphill. "TUBERCULOSIS IN EMS PERSONNEL." Southern Medical Journal 92, Supplement (November 1999): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199911001-00048.
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He, G. X., S. van den Hof, M. J. van der Werf, H. Guo, Y. L. Hu, J. H. Fan, W. M. Zhang, C. P. Tostado, and M. W. Borgdorff. "Inappropriate Tuberculosis Treatment Regimens in Chinese Tuberculosis Hospitals." Clinical Infectious Diseases 52, no. 7 (March 22, 2011): e153-e156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir075.
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