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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tuberculosis in children – Swaziland'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Lemmer, Hermann Richard. "The tuberculosis control programme in the industry in Swaziland : a critical evaluation." Diss., Access to E-Thesis, 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10032005-092729/.

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2

Dube, Muzi Mzwandile. "Molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in Swaziland." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31139.

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The aim of the study was to gain knowledge on molecular techniques (spoligotyping and VNTR typing) in analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and characterize M. bovis isolates available in Swaziland.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Veterinary Tropical Diseases<br>MSc<br>Unrestricted

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3

Seddon, James Alexander. "Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2012. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646555/.

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The number of children globally who develop drug-resistant tuberculosis is unclear, in part due to diagnostic challenges and limited resistance testing, and in part because recording and reporting is not comprehensive. Large numbers of children, however, are exposed to drug resistant bacilli each year and it is clear that the very young and those immune-compromised are vulnerable to developing disease. Few studies have looked at the progression from exposure to infection or from infection to disease in the child contacts of adults with drug-resistant tuberculosis. It is uncertain which factors

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4

Tran, Sinh. "Tuberculosis in children : diagnosis and epidemiology." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/48426/.

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Globally, an estimated one-million new tuberculosis (TB) cases occurred in children in 2014. For a long time, research of TB in children has been neglected. Most research and surveillance of TB is performed in adults, and the resulting lack of evidence in children is a major barrier for implementation of rational control strategies for children, including diagnosis. More research on TB in children is of importance as children are more susceptible to developing severe extrapulmonary TB, children require different approaches to both diagnosis and treatment and paediatric TB reflects the ongoing

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5

Phiri, Elias. "Reasons for refusing antiretroviral therapy before completion of tuberculosis treatment at Pigg's Peak Hospital, Swaziland." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1069.

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Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2013.<br>Statistics from Pigg’s Peak Hospital, in Swaziland, continue to show an improvement in the uptake of HIV testing among TB patients, as well as a very high rate of HIV co-infection among the TB patients. The unit’s reports also show a low uptake of antiretroviral therapy among the HIV co-infected TB patients, and high death rates. Most of these deaths occur among HIV co-infected TB patients who have not yet initiated ART despite being on TB treatment. Anecdotal evidence suggests that there is reluctance and refusal by a considerable proportion of

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6

Shabangu, Patrick L. "Survival of children on Antiretroviral Therapy in Swaziland : a retrospective cohort study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46150.

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Objectives: To evaluate effectiveness of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) services on clinical outcomes and survival of HIV infected children [0-15 years) in Swaziland. Study design: A retrospective cohort analysis of medical records for 4170 HIV-infected children who were initiated on ART between 2004 and 2008 was conducted. The Signed-ranks test, Kaplan Meier Estimator, and Cox-P H regression model were used to compare clinical outcomes between relevant predictors. Results: The results reveal that clinical outcomes for HIV-infected children on ART were desirable as indicated by significant CD4

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7

Musarapasi, Normusa. "Review of outcomes for isoniazid preventive therapy among HIV infected clients at a clinic in Swaziland." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6887.

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Magister Public Health - MPH<br>Background: TB is one of the most common opportunistic infections in the HIV infected population. In 2014, of the 9.6 million people estimated to have TB globally, 1.2 million were also infected with HIV. In the same year WHO reported 400 000 TB deaths in HIV infected people worldwide. TB Prevention strategies include ensuring HIV infected people take ART, TB infection control, treatment of TB cases and pharmacological prevention of primary TB infection or progression of latent TB into active TB. Isoniazid preventive therapy for a minimum of six months has been

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8

Maqungo, Sithombo. "Tuberculosis of the foot and ankle in children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10763.

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The purpose of our retrospective study is to critically assess the long-term outcome of tuberculosis of the foot and ankle in children and to define an initial classification system that would relate to prognosis.

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9

Moyo, Sizulu. "Optimal tuberculosis case-finding methodologies for field trials of new tuberculosis vaccines in young children." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10618.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>There is paucity of evidence to guide case-finding strategies in field trials of new tuberculosis vaccines conducted in young children. To investigate case-finding and case detection methods for tuberculosis in tuberculosis field trials conducted in young children.

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10

Gascoine, Kelly Gayle. "Saving Children From the White Plague: The Marion County Tuberculosis Association's Crusade Against Tuberculosis, 1911-1936." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2188.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2010.<br>Title from screen (viewed on June 4, 2010). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): William H. Schneider, Robert G. Barrows, Stephen J. Jay. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-112).

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11

Earnshaw, Samantha Sibusisiwe. "The health and living conditions of children in child-headed households in Siteki, Swaziland." Diss., Access to E-Thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05312010-142537/.

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12

Al-Agbari, Nasher Abdulhafeed. "Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in children in Sana'a Yemen." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437514.

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13

Zimba, Zondani. "Managing an inclusive school: a case study of a pilot school in Swaziland." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003552.

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Inclusive Education (IE) reflects the values, ethos, and culture of an education system committed to excellence by promoting education opportunities for all learners. IE is about building a more just society and ensuring the right to education for all learners regardless of their individual characteristics or difficulties (UNESCO: 2007). The kingdom of Swaziland has committed itself to high quality basic education which provides equal opportunities for all children and youth. This is evident in the Swaziland National Constitution (2006). To promote Education for All (EFA) as stated in the cons

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14

Moses, Lorraine. "Phenotypic factors influencing Mycobacterium tuberculosis phenotype." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52997.

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15

Marais, Barend Jacobus. "Childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis : addressing the diagnostic dilemma." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17323.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Children contribute little to disease transmission and the maintenance of the tuberculosis epidemic, but they constitute a significant proportion of the total tuberculosis (TB) caseload and experience considerable morbidity and mortality in endemic areas, despite the availability of cheap and effective treatment. The difficulty of diagnosing childhood tuberculosis is one of the major obstacles that hinder the provision of antituberculosis treatment to children in endemic areas. The diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis i

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16

Dreesman, Alexandra. "Development and evaluation of new diagnostic markers of tuberculosis in children." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/312223.

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Tuberculosis in the number one infectious cause of death worldwide, but remains underappreciated as a cause of mortality in children and difficult to diagnose. Diagnostic difficulties of TB in children are a consequence of the non-specific clinical presentation, the different spectrum of disease in children and the paucibacillary nature of disease making microbiological confirmation challenging in many cases. Moreover, existing immunodiagnostic tests have important limitations, especially with regard to childhood TB: they lack sensitivity to rule out TB, and are unable to offer discrimination

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17

Makanza, Wadzanai Michel. "Dysphagia in children (0-12 years) recovering from tuberculosis meningitis (TBM)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15577.

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Background information: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe extra-pulmonary complication of tuberculosis (TB) and also the most common bacterial meningitis in the Western Cape. The consequences of childhood TBM include poor motor and neurological outcomes which could lead to dysphagia. Aims: The aim of the study was to describe dysphagia in children (0-12 years) recovering from TBM at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMCH) in the Western Cape, South Africa. The purpose of the study was to determine the occurrence and describe the nature of dysphagia as well as to inves

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18

Jones, Lynne. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on children in Swaziland : opportunities for, and constraints on, scaling up interventions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9049bceb-9ae7-48d0-b501-78c9ef45446d.

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This research focuses on vulnerable children in Swaziland, the country with the highest level of adult HIV prevalence in the world, where nearly 25 percent of children will be orphaned by 2010. It investigates the experiences of relatively poor urban children growing up in the epidemic and the coping strategies the children and their adult carers adopt. Through the lens of both children and adult carers, it explores the ways sexual knowledge is gained and used by older children in the context of HIV/AIDS as well as the experience of coping with widespread bereavement. In this way, it adds to t

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19

Benyera, Oscar. "Outcomes in malnourished children at a tertiary hospital in Swaziland : post implementation of the WHO treatment guidelines." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33347.

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Background. Swaziland adopted the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children in 2007 to reduce case -fatality rates for childhood malnutrition. However, no follow-up studies have been conducted to determine the reduction in the case -fatality rate post-implementation of the guidelines. Objectives. To determine the case -fatality rate for childhood malnutrition post-implementation of the WHO treatment guidelines and determine the level of adherence to the guidelines at Mbabane Government Hospital. Methods. A retrospective observa

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20

Potgieter, Stephanus Theron. "A descriptive study of IgG subclasses and allotypes in children with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26487.

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STUDY OBJECTIVES: An analysis of IgG subclasses and allotypes in children with pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) in the Western Cape. DESIGN: Consecutive children under 15 years of age with microbiological proven PTB over an 8 month period- November 1993 to July 1994. SETTING: Teaching Hospitals in Cape Town. PATIENTS: Thirty-five cases were selected from 99 consecutive cases that were Mycobacterium tuberculosis positive, 15 of which were of Mixed and 20 were of Black Ancestry. CONTROL GROUP: Sera were selected from 224 Black Ancestry (59 children and 165 adults) and 211 Mixed Ancestry (67 children

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21

Richter-Joubert, Lisel. "Assessment of airway compression on chest radiographs in children with pulmonary tuberculosis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29690.

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Study rationale: Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children relies heavily on chest radiography as sputum samples are difficult to obtain and only yield positive results in 30-74% of children treated for PTB. However, radiological signs between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and PTB overlap considerably and there is a wide inter-observer agreement in the detection of lymphadenopathy, considered the hallmark of PTB. Small pliable paediatric airways are easily compressed by enlarged lymph nodes. Unlike lymph nodes, however, the lucent airways contrast against the surroundin

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22

Maphalala, Gugu Petunia. "Epidemiology of rotatirus diarrhoea in children under five years years of age from selected healthcare facilities in Swaziland." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1154.

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Thesis (MSc (Medical science in medical virology)) -- University of Limpopo<br>Background: It has been established that rotaviruses are the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide, resulting in more than 453 000 deaths, with a high mortality still occurring in African countries and Asia. In Swaziland, diarrheal diseases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children <5 years of age. Approximately 10% of hospitalised Swazi children die due to diarrhoea every year. Through financial assistance from the World Health Organization (WHO), many African countries have c

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23

Ritz, Nicole. "The influence of BCG vaccine strain on the immune response and protection against tuberculosis." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8392.

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More than 100 million doses of Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine are given each year to protect infants against tuberculosis (TB). BCG is a live attenuated strain derived from Mycobacterium bovis. Subsequent to its development and first use in 1921, BCG was distributed to laboratories worldwide. Culture under dissimilar conditions led to the evolution of more than 20 BCG vaccine strains in different countries. Phenotypic differences between these BCG vaccine strains were first recognised in the 1920s and, more recently, molecular studies have defined their genomic differences. Although sev

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24

Liwa, Anthony Cuthbert. "Pharmacokinetics and dosing rationale of Para-Aminosalicylic acid in children and the evaluation of the in vitro metabolism of Ethionamide, Terizidone and Para-aminosalicylic acid." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20165.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The emergence of mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first line drugs has renewed interest in second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Generally, Paraaminosalicylic acid (PAS) is less potent and frequently more toxic than the first line drugs. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of PAS in children has not been well characterized. AIMS: The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the pharmacokinetics of PAS in pediatric patients, (2) to describe the discrepancy between children and adult pharmacoki

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25

Berggren, Palme Ingela. "Tuberculosis and HIV interaction in Ethiopian children : aspects on epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-296-5/.

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26

Jaramillo, Betancur Ernesto. "Evaluation of a mass media health education campaign for tuberculosis control in Cali, Colombia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021866/.

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Tuberculosis is a world-wide problem in less developed countries. In this thesis I report the evaluation of impact, process and objectives of a mass media health education campaign for tuberculosis control developed in Cali, Colombia. The campaign aimed at reducing levels of prejudice against people with this disease and at increasing demand for diagnostic tests. I assessed impact on levels of prejudice using two cross sectional surveys as sources of data. I assessed impact on demand for diagnostic tests with a quasi-experimental evaluation design relying on epidemiological data. I used qualit

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27

Wessels, Marie. "Clinical value of a uniform research case definition of tuberculous meningitis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86775.

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Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) research remains important but obtaining adequate sample sizes of microbiologically-confirmed TBM cases is difficult, therefore clinical cases of TBM need to be included. A uniform research case definition for TBM was developed to assist diagnostic standardization. METHODS: Our study evaluated the proposed uniform research case definition in a group of children diagnosed with TBM. A subgroup of 66 children with cultureconfirmed TBM was compared to culture-confirmed bacterial mening

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Schaaf, Hendrik Simon. "The epidemiology and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in childhood." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53109.

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Thesis (MD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Resistance to antituberculosis agents became evident soon after antituberculosis treatment was introduced for the first time. Combined drug therapy seemed to resolve this problem. Animal experimental studies, which showed that isoniazid (INH)-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were less infectious and pathogenic than drugsusceptible strains, gave further reassurance that drug resistance was not a major issue. Transmission of INH- and multiple-drug-resistant strains did, however, occur. Studies in children,

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29

Wisch, Michael Henry. "Microemulsions : a new perspective in the treatment of paediatric and geriatric tuberculosis patients." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003283.

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Tuberculosis(TB) was declared to be a global emergency in 1993, with South Africa declaring it to be the country’s top health priority in 1996, but ineffective treatment strategies have led to fewer than half of all treated patients in South Africa being cured. At present,paediatric treatment remains a problem, as the antitubercular preparations of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, that are currently available, were not initially designed for the treatment of paediatric TB patients, providing a motivation for this project. The aim of this project is thus the development of a microemulsio

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30

Rose, Penelope Cathryn. "Tuberculosis treatment delay in adults and household transmission to children: a community-based study in a setting with high burden of tuberculosis and HIV." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16726.

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Includes bibliographical references<br>Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control depends on interrupting transmission through rapid diagnosis and treatment initiation of infectious TB cases. With increasing delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB, disease is likely to progress, leading to progressive lung cavitation and increased sputum bacillary load, likely increasing TB transmission. This study investigated the effect of treatment delay in adult TB patients on the risk of TB infection and disease in child household contacts. Methodology: Secondary analysis was performed using data

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31

Denis, Marie F. "Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative children in Haiti : a hospital-based Investigation." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001404.

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32

Kelly, Susan Kyleen. ""Suffer the little children" : childhood tuberculosis in the North of Ireland, c.1865 to 1965." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577974.

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33

Goussard, Pierre. "Bronchoscopic assessment and management of children presenting with clinically significant airway obstruction due to tuberculosis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97039.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) in children is a common infectious disease in the world affecting approximately 550 000 children annually and contributing to approximately 10-15% of the TB caseload. The estimate is that 75% of the children who have TB live in the 22 countries that have the highest burden of TB disease. In these 22 countries, the technology required to make the diagnosis and manage complicated cases is limited. The epidemiological data required to estimate the proportion of children with severe disease requiring intervent

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34

Adams, Joanita Frances Ann. "Immune regulation in children and adults in a community with a high incidence of tuberculosis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70225.

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Thesis (MScMedSc) -- Stellenbosch University, 1998.<br>Bibliography<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is a progressive maturation of the immune system from infancy to adulthood. The immature immune system in early life is characterised by impaired macrophage function and antigen presentation as well as a higher naIve to memory T cell ratio with subsequent diminished IFN-y production. Children with tuberculosis often present with lymphadenopathy, the complications thereof or with systemic spread of the organisms. Adults generally manifest with pronounced systemic effects (such as weight loss and

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Lubasi, David. "Optimizing the recovery rate of Mycobacterium species from gastric lavages in children at an urban Zambian hospital." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1440.

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Tuberculosis (TB) has re-emerged as a major worldwide public health hazard with increasing incidence among adults and children. Although cases among children represent a small percentage of all TB cases, they are a reservoir from which many adult cases will arise. Estimates indicate that 9 million people develop TB annually, out of which 1 million (11 percent) occur in children less than 15 years old. Childhood tuberculosis is on the increase worldwide because of persisting inability to conform the diagnosis, leading to a large number of children dying of undiagnosed tuberculosis. Diagnosis of

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Heyns, Louis. "The clinical presentation and outcome of tuberculosis in children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit in an area with a high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26249.

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The purpose of this study was to measure and evaluate the clinical presentation, outcome and longterm effects of tuberculosis in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit at Tygerberg Hospital. A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted among 57 children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit between January 1991 to December 1994. The sample comprised all the children with tuberculosis aged one month to twelve years who were admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit. Audit measures were taken to ensure that all the children with tuberculosis were identified. Da

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Van, Toorn Ronald. "Childhood tuberculous meningitis : challenging current management strategies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96750.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) continues to be an important cause of mortality and neurological disability in resource-limited countries. Many questions remain about the best approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat TBM, and there are still too fewanswers. The aim of this dissertation was to challenge current management strategies in childhood TBM. Accurate prediction of outcome in TBM is of critical importance when assessing the efficacy of different interventions. I conducted a retrospective cohort study of 554 children

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Kambale, Susan. "Assessment of the knowledge and perceptions about tuberculosis among primary school children in NTCHEU district, Malawi." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4052.

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Master of Public Health - MPH<br>Background: Case finding in Malawi is based on self-referral of symptomatic individuals who are suspected as tuberculosis (TB) cases in health institutions. Knowledge on TB and attitudes/perceptions about the disease can influence care seeking behaviour and adherence to treatment. Like in other countries, studies in Malawi have been conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding TB in adults. Some studies have even assessed the association between knowledge, attitudes and other factors. In Malawi, prevalent health problems are included in the prim

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Workman, Lesley. "Does helminth treatment reduce the risk of active tuberculosis in a cohort of children from high tuberculosis risk population who have been vaccinated with BCG at birth?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9315.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>[Background] Research in adults and older children has shown an association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and helminth infection, with those infected with helminths at greater risk of tuberculosis. This association is believed to be on the basis that chronic helminth infection can result in a functional impairment of the immune response that is necessary to clear or control infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Elias et al. 2001; Rook et al. 2006; Fincham 2001). It is thus possible that the introduction of regular deworming programmes in a vulner

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Brittle, Wendy. "The optimisation of laboratory cultivation in childhood mycobacterial disease in South Africa." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&context=td_cput.

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Schölvinck, Elisabeth Henriëtte. "The influence of age on the cellular immune response in patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53126.

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Thesis (PhD) -- Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Children and adults may differ in their immune function. An adequate function of the individual's immune system is crucial to the risk for development of tuberculosis (TB) after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Epidemiological evidence suggests an age-related incidence of TB. Furthermore, the prevailing clinical expression t ' of TB varies between age groups. -The aims of this study were to characterise the cellular immune response at different ages in TB patients and healthy individuals living in a reg

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Marshak, Naomi. "A call to care : exploring the social politics of compassionate care and rescue in the context of a care programme for children in contemporary Swaziland." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13928.

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This paper draws on ethnographic research conducted in 2011 and 2012 in an abandoned mining town in Northern Swaziland. In 2001 the isolated 'ghost town' was bought by a Faith Based Organisation and transformed into what the organisation terms a vibrant 'sustainable orphan village'. Against a backdrop of political uncertainty, deepening economic-crisis related poverty, increasing numbers of children in need of extra-familial care and the parallel proliferation of humanitarian organisations being set up to deal with these systemic vulnerabilities, this thesis explores the practices and politics

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Ho-Yee, Ruschka. "Evaluation of the utility of specific CXR features for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in young children using multiple readers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16594.

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Includes bibliographical references<br>INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can be notoriously difficult. The chest X-ray (CXR) is a significant diagnostic resource in the detection of PTB in children. However, non-specific radiological features combined with variable inter-observer assessment s contribute to diagnostic uncertainty. The CXR would be of most value when used specifically to evaluate those features of childhood TB that it shows best and where expert observers agree, namely those signs indicating lymphadenopathy. AIM: To identify simple and reliable

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Wright, Colleen Anne. "The contribution of fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of Mycobacterial Lymphadenopathy with particular reference to children." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4826.

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Thesis (PhD (Pathology. Anatomical Pathology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>Dissertation presented for a PhD degree in anatomical pathology at Stellenbosch University.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Expediting a diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, particularly those who are immunocompromised due to HIV/AIDS, is essential, as they are vulnerable to develop severe forms of disease due to their immature or compromised immune systems. A significant percentage of children (8 to 10%) with TB have TB lymphadenitis, in isolation, or in combination with other disease manifestations. Fine needle a

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Sučilienė, Elena. "Tuberculin reactivity of children vaccinated at different age with BCG vaccines in preschool period." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100702_105456-08947.

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Object of dissertation: The influence of different BCG vaccination schedules on the tuberculin reactivity, BCG scarring, specific serology and allergy. 509 children were included in this research, all of them received BCG vaccination with standard or half dosage as newborns or 3-months old. 3 months after BCG vaccination and at one, two, and six years of age they were tested with tuberculin, and examined for BCG scarring. Anti-tuberculosis antibodies were detected in sera and children were evaluated for allergy. In conclusions of the dissertation it is declared, that 3 months after BCG vaccina

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Cilliers, Karien. "The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of antituberculosis agents and other co-administered drugs in children with tuberculosis, with and without HIV infection, and their relationship to nutritional status." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6864.

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Thesis (MNutr)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Problem definition: Malnutrition increases the incidence and exacerbates the clinical manifestations of TB. Hepatotoxicity is one of the most serious and most frequent side-effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs and may be three times higher in malnourished patients. Objective: The influence of nutritional and retroviral status on the bio-availability and toxicity of anti-tuberculosis agents was studied and a possible relationship between abdominal lymph node enlargement and the occurrence of malnutrition investigated. Subjec

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Birungi, Francine Mwayuma. "An evaluation of Isoniazid prophylaxis treatment and the role of Xpert MTB/RIF test in improving the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis in children exposed to index cases with pulmonary tuberculosis in Kigali, Rwanda." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6880.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children (<15 years) in resource-limited countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified active contact screening and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) as essential actions for detecting and preventing childhood TB. Despite their benefits and inclusion in the policy of most National TB Programme (NTP) guidelines of the resource-limited countries, there is still a wide gap between policy and implementation. The implementation of contact screening for active case finding might

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Gray, Diane Margaret. "Isoniazid preventive therapy in HIV infected children on antiretroviral therapy living in a high tuberculosis prevalence area a randomized controlled trial." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10538.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are dual epidemics and a public health crisis in Southern Africa. An estimated 2.5 million children are living with HIV, of which 2.3 million live in Sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated 230 000 child deaths from AIDS. In 2010 there were an estimated 8 million incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) globally, 1.2 million amongst people living with HIV. Over 1 million TB related deaths occurred, a third of which occurred amongst people living with HIV.[4] The African region accounts for 26% of the global TB burden and 82% of the TB

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Phalane, Khutso Gemina. "Evaluation of multiple cytokine levels to improve our understanding of protective immune responses against Tuberculosis and to develop novel diagnostic methods." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79848.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Important steps towards the global control of Tuberculosis include the improvement of diagnosis, the development of effective vaccines and the identification of correlates of protection/protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study has of three objectives: 1. To validate the findings of a previous study that showed increased levels of IL-1β and decreased levels of IL-17 in children who are exposed to tuberculosis but remain uninfected compared to those who are exposed/infected and unexposed/uninfected. 2.

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Frigati, Lisa Jane. "The impact of isoniazid preventative therapy and antiretroviral therapy on tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected children in a high TB incidence setting." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10467.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the combined effect of IPT [INH preventative therapy] and ART [antiretroviral therapy] on TB incidence in HIV-infected children. A cohort analysis will be performed using data from a prospective, double-blinded placebo controlled trial of INH versus placebo in HIV-infected children in Cape Town, South Africa.

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