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Journal articles on the topic 'Tuberculosis of Iris'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bukharina, A. Yu, K. O. Mironov, and V. N. Zimina. "Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with tuberculosis and HIV." Infekcionnye bolezni 19, no. 1 (2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-97-104.

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Tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is the development or progression of tuberculosis associated with restoration of active immune response to mycobacteria following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIVinfected patients. The incidence of TB-IRIS is 18% with mortality reaching 2%. Investigation of TB-IRIS in Russia is very important, since the prevalence of TB coinfection is common among HIV-infected patients; in addition to that, HIV is often detected at late stages characterized by severe immunosuppression, which increases the risk of TB-IRIS. This re

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2

Petrenko, V. I., O. V. Stopolyanski, I. O. Galan, V. V. Kravchenko, S. V. Kartashova, and L. V. Stopolyanska. "Tuberculosis associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients infected with HIV: the current state of the problem." Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases, HIV Infection, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/tb2021-1-87.

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Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an enhanced inflammatory immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens due to immune system recovery in HIV-infected patients within 6 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Objective — to assess the incidence of TB-IRIS in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Evaluation of mortality caused by TB-IRIS. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 60 cases of confirmed tuberculous meningitis in patients who were treated in anti-tuberculosis institutions in Kiev and Kiev region in 2017—2

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3

Cristea, Cristiana, Cornel Popescu, Mihaela Voicu, et al. "Disseminated tuberculosis in a pregnant HIV negative woman with 12 weeks of pregnancy obtained through in vitro fertilization." Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases 18, no. 4 (2015): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2015.4.8.

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Information on the outcome of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in pregnant women is limited. We present particular clinical and outcome aspects in a pregnant HIV negative woman (with pregnancy after in vitro fertilization) with tuberculosis at multiple extrapulmonary sites. In addition, we will describe the paradoxical reaction with appearance of cerebral tuberculomas after 7 months of antituberculous therapy initiation, most probably in the context of a immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).

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4

Stek, Cari, Brian Allwood, Elsa Du Bruyn, et al. "The effect of HIV-associated tuberculosis, tuberculosis-IRIS and prednisone on lung function." European Respiratory Journal 55, no. 3 (2019): 1901692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01692-2019.

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Residual pulmonary impairment is common after treatment for tuberculosis (TB). Lung function data in patients with HIV-associated TB are scarce, especially in the context of paradoxical TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) and prophylactic prednisone. We aimed to determine the prevalence of lung function abnormalities in patients with HIV-associated TB and CD4 counts ≤100 cells·μL−1 and assess the effect of prophylactic prednisone and the development of paradoxical TB-IRIS on pulmonary impairment.We performed spirometry, 6-min walk test (6MWT) and chest radiograp

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5

Dr., H.C. Lalnunhlua PGT* 1. Prof. Ksh. BirendraSingh2 Prof. Khuraijam Ranjana Devi3 Prof. N. Biplab Singh4 &. Dr. T. Jeeten Kumar Singh Associate Professor5. "PROFILE OF IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 6 (2017): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.815693.

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<strong>Aims :</strong> To assess clinical, biochemical and immunological profiles of HIV patients developing Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome(IRIS). <strong>Methods :</strong>Cross sectional study was carried out in 32 cases of HIV infected patients on ART developing IRIS and attending Centre of Excellence(COE) RIMS and who were admitted in Medicine ward, RIMS Hospital. Duration of study was from October 2014 to September 2016. <strong>Results :</strong> The study showed that IRIS was found mainly in the age group of 30-40 years and more common among patients with BMI of below 18.5

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Stopolyanskiy, O. V. "Predicting the Risk of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-Infected Patients with Central Nervous System Tuberculosis." Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases, HIV Infection, no. 3 (September 20, 2023): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/tb-2023-3-50.

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Objective — to identify risk factors associated with the development of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (TB-IRIS) in HIV-infected patients with central nervous system tuberculosis. The analysis assessed the relationship between the risk of developing TB-IRIS with neurological manifestations and the following factors: 1) viral load before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation; 2) CD4+ lymphocyte of blood before ART initiation; 3) duration of antituberculosis therapy before starting ART; 4) presence of active tuberculosis at the time of ART initiation. Mate

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7

Auld, Sara C., Pholo Maenetje, Shruthi Ravimohan, et al. "Declines in Lung Function After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis: A Potential Manifestation of Respiratory Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 8 (2019): 1750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz733.

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Abstract End-organ impairment has received relatively little research attention as a possible manifestation of tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). In this prospective cohort study, one-half of adults with human immunodeficiency virus and pulmonary tuberculosis experienced meaningful declines in lung function on antiretroviral therapy, suggesting a role for lung function in TB-IRIS definitions.

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8

Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Archana Shenoy, Mak Ching Hsia, Sujani Yadlapati, Deepak Madi, and Soundarya Mahalingam. "Prostatic abscess as a presenting feature of paradoxical TB-IRIS." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 4 (2014): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9498.

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Paradoxical tuberculosis – immune reconstitution syndrome (pTB-IRIS) is a well-recognized cause of clinical deterioration in HIV tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infected individuals following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we present a rare presentation of pTB-IRIS which manifested as a prostatic abscess in a case of HIV positive patient. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of pTB-IRIS reported in literature which manifested as a prostatic abscess. Paradoxical TB-IRIS manifesting as prostatic abscess is extremely rare and a high index of clinical suspicion

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Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Archana Shenoy, Mak Ching Hsia, Sujani Yadlapati, Deepak Madi, and Soundarya Mahalingam. "Prostatic abscess as a presenting feature of paradoxical TB-IRIS." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 4 (2014): 111–12. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v5i4.3356.

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Paradoxical tuberculosis – immune reconstitution syndrome (pTB-IRIS) is a well-recognized cause of clinical deterioration in HIV tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infected individuals following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we present a rare presentation of pTB-IRIS which manifested as a prostatic abscess in a case of HIV positive patient. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of pTB-IRIS reported in literature which manifested as a prostatic abscess. Paradoxical TB-IRIS manifesting as prostatic abscess is extremely rare and a high index of clinical suspicion

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10

Viskovic, Klaudija, and Josip Begovac. "Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstruction Inflammatory Syndrome (TB-IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients: Report of Two Cases and the Literature Overview." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/323208.

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We describe two HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis-associated immune reconstruction inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS): one with “paradoxical” IRIS and the other with “unmasking” IRIS. TB-IRIS in HIV-infected subjects is an exacerbation of the symptoms, signs, or radiological manifestations of a pathogenic antigen, related to recovery of the immune system after immunosuppression. We focused on the radiological characteristics of TB-IRIS and the briefly literature review on this syndrome.

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11

Quinn, Carson M., Victoria Poplin, John Kasibante, et al. "Tuberculosis IRIS: Pathogenesis, Presentation, and Management across the Spectrum of Disease." Life 10, no. 11 (2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10110262.

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Antiretroviral therapy (ART), while essential in combatting tuberculosis (TB) and HIV coinfection, is often complicated by the TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). Depending on the TB disease site and treatment status at ART initiation, this immune-mediated worsening of TB pathology can take the form of paradoxical TB-IRIS, unmasking TB-IRIS, or CNS TB-IRIS. Each form of TB-IRIS has unique implications for diagnosis and treatment. Recently published studies have emphasized the importance of neutrophils and T cell subtypes in TB-IRIS pathogenesis, alongside the r

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Patel, Anamika, and Avinash Pathengay. "360° like iris nodules in ocular tuberculosis." Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology 36, no. 1 (2024): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_191_21.

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The case of a young male with the uniocular presentation of iris nodules of tubercular etiology is described. Interestingly, this patient had 360° like iris nodules both at the surface and pupillary border which resolved within 2 weeks of starting the anti-tubercular treatment.

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13

Michailidis, Christos, Anton L. Pozniak, Sundhiya Mandalia, Sheena Basnayake, Mark R. Nelson, and Brian G. Gazzard. "Clinical Characteristics of Iris Syndrome in Patients with HIV and Tuberculosis." Antiviral Therapy 10, no. 3 (2005): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350501000303.

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Background Some patients with HIV/tuberculosis (TB) coinfection who are on anti-TB treatment and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) will develop an exacerbation of symptoms, signs or radiological manifestations of TB that are not due to relapse or recurrence of their TB. The aetiology of these immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) reactions is unknown but it is presumed that they occur, at least in part, as a consequence of HAART-related reconstitution of immunity. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with their first episode of definitive or presumed TB between January 2

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14

Le, Xiaoqin, and Yinzhong Shen. "Advances in Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Tuberculosis." Viruses 16, no. 4 (2024): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16040494.

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Tuberculosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections and a prominent cause of death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in spite of near-universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculosis preventive therapy. For patients with active tuberculosis but not yet receiving ART, starting ART after anti-tuberculosis treatment can complicate clinical management due to drug toxicities, drug–drug interactions and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) events. The timing of ART initiation has a crucial impact on treatment outcomes, especiall

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15

Rejdak, Robert, Pavel Pogorelov, Christian Y. Mardin, Małgorzata Szkaradek, and Anselm G. M. Juenemann. "Solitary Sarcoid Granuloma of the Iris Mimicking Tuberculosis: A Case Report." Journal of Ophthalmology 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/656042.

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Introduction. We report a case of a male patient presented with sarcoid lesions of the iris and conjunctiva, mimicking tuberculosis due to epithelioid cell granulomas with small central necrosis in conjunctival biopsy.Patient. A 25-year-old man was referred to our department for further management of an “iris tumor with iridocyclitis” in his right eye. Initial examination showed an isolated vascular tumor of the iris and ciliary body with anterior uveitis and mutton-fat keratic precipitates, suggesting the diagnosis of a granulomatous disease. Conjunctival biopsy revealed granulomatous epithel

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16

Li, Wei, Wei Liu, and Guiming Zhou. "Imaging features of IRIS caused by AIDS and complicated by tuberculosis." Infection International 6, no. 1 (2017): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ii-2017-0155.

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Abstract Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), a common complication of AIDS, is further complicated by tuberculosis. Its clinical symptoms lack specificity but can be evaluated using diagnostic imaging. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is useful in evaluating the morphology and internal microstructure of lesions associated with the syndrome, as well as the relationship of the internal microstructure with the surrounding tissues. This paper summarizes the present state and progress of imaging research on IRIS caused by AIDS and complicated by tuberculosis.

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17

Walker, Naomi F., Charles Opondo, Graeme Meintjes, et al. "Invariant Natural Killer T-cell Dynamics in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–associated Tuberculosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 9 (2019): 1865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz501.

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Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (PLWH). PLWH with TB disease are at risk of the paradoxical TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) when they commence antiretroviral therapy. However, the pathophysiology is incompletely understood and specific therapy is lacking. We investigated the hypothesis that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells contribute to innate immune dysfunction associated with TB-IRIS. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 101 PLWH

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Kalyanasundaram, Madhanmohan, Sivaraja Subramaniam, and Allwyn Vijay Gowrishankar. "Clinical Profile of Patients with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Tuberculosis Coinfection and their Outcome: A Prospective Observational Study." Indian Journal of Respiratory Care 03, no. 01 (2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-11010-1001.

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Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a life-saving treatment for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the starting of ART is often complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in tuberculosis (TB). This study was done to examine the clinical profile of patients with IRIS in HIV-TB coinfection and their outcomes. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from January to December 2013. Patients diagnosed to have HIV and TB coinfection, those on anti-

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19

V., Archana, Shafath Ahamed M., and Sundari S. "Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in non human immunodeficiency viruses children on anti tubercular treatment." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 3 (2020): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200704.

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The term IRIS is almost solely used in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients who initiated anti-retroviral therapy (ART), the term paradoxical reaction is generally used to describe a clinical worsening of tuberculosis disease after the initiation of antituberculosis treatment. Distinguishing this paradoxical reaction (PR) from disease progression or treatment failure is an important issue in CNS tuberculosis management. Thus, one must keep a watch for neurological deterioration in a child with Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB). We are presenting a case of a non-Human i

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20

Petrenko, V. I., O. V. Stopolyansky, Yа V. Bondarenko, et al. "Risk factors for lethal outcome in tuberculosisassociated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with tuberculous lesions of the central nervous system." Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases, HIV Infection, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/tb2021-2-15.

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Objective — to study the relation of death in tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) and central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis with the following factors: 1) baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, cells/µL, at the beginning of treatment; 2) the level of viral load at the beginning of treatment; 3) resistance to antimycobacterial drugs (R, HR, HR + others) or its absence at the beginning of treatment; 4) age of patients; 5) gender of patients. Materials and methods. 55 cases of neurological TB-IRIS were analyzed. These patients were treated and observ

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21

Zhou, Yang, Hui Wang, Sha-xi Li, Gui-lin Yang, and Ying-xia Liu. "Analysis of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV/TB Co-infected Patients During HAART." Infection International 3, no. 3 (2014): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ii-2017-0086.

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Abstract Objectives To investigate the clinical features of tuberculosis (TB)-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in patients co-infected with HIV/TB or latent infection during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods HIV-infected patients treated in the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, China between March 2012 and March 2013 were recruited, and divided into 3 groups: 1) HIV/TB co-infection group (n = 50), 2) HIV/ MTB latent infection group (n = 50), and 3) HIV infection group (n = 50), with 12-month follow-up. Patients in the HIV/TB co-infection g

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Vignesh, Ramachandran, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Hong Yien Tan, et al. "Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome—An Extempore Game of Misfiring with Defense Arsenals." Pathogens 12, no. 2 (2023): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020210.

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The lethal combination involving TB and HIV, known as “syndemic” diseases, synergistically act upon one another to magnify the disease burden. Individuals on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are at risk of developing TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). The underlying inflammatory complication includes the rapid restoration of immune responses following ART, eventually leading to exaggerated inflammatory responses to MTB antigens. TB-IRIS continues to be a cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV/TB coinfected patients initiating ART, and although a significant q

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Meel, Rachna, Nayan Gupta, Seema Sen, and Ranveer Singh Jadon. "Anterior segment mass in miliary tuberculosis: a confusing scenario." BMJ Case Reports 18, no. 5 (2025): e260097. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2024-260097.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the Indian subcontinent. Ocular TB presenting as iris mass is rare; furthermore, invasion of anterior segment without choroidal invasion is even more scarce. Presented here is a case report detailing the condition of a patient in late adolescence who presented with diminution of vision and pain in the left eye. Slit lamp biomicroscopy revealed a nodular vascular mass emerging from the iris. Subsequently, the patient underwent a fine needle aspiration biopsy from the anterior chamber, which yielded a positive result for acid-fast bacill

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Venkatanarasimha, Nanda. "HIV, HAART, and IRIS: Tuberculosis Versus Malignancy." American Journal of Roentgenology 195, no. 5 (2010): W376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.10.4811.

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Valentin, Leonardo, Andrew DiNardo, Elizabeth Chiao, Laila Woc-Colburn, and Arun Nachiappan. "Case Report: Tuberculosis IRIS : a mediastinal problem." F1000Research 2 (February 18, 2013): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-54.v1.

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We present a case of a 39-year-old male patient with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) who developed Mycobacterium tuberculosis related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) after initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) treatment. The inflammatory response resulted in mediastinal necrotic lymphadenopathy and subsequent perforation of the esophageal wall.

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Valentin, Leonardo, Andrew DiNardo, Elizabeth Chiao, Laila Woc-Colburn, and Arun Nachiappan. "Case Report: Tuberculosis IRIS: a mediastinal problem." F1000Research 2 (August 7, 2013): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-54.v2.

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We present a case of a 39-year-old male patient with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) who developed Mycobacterium tuberculosis related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) after initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) treatment. The inflammatory response resulted in mediastinal necrotic lymphadenopathy and subsequent perforation of the esophageal wall.

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Pean, Polidy, Eric Nerrienet, Yoann Madec, et al. "Natural killer cell degranulation capacity predicts early onset of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis." Blood 119, no. 14 (2012): 3315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-09-377523.

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Abstract Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a common and potentially serious complication occurring in HIV-infected patients being treated for tuberculosis (TB) using combined antiretroviral treatment. A role of adaptive immunity has been suggested in the onset of IRIS, whereas the role of natural killer (NK) cells has not yet been explored. The present study sought to examine the involvement of NK cells in the onset of IRIS in HIV-infected patients with TB and to identify predictive markers of IRIS. A total of 128 HIV-infected patients with TB from the Cambodian Early versu

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Innes, S., H. S. Schaaf, and M. F. Cotton. "Cavitation of the Ghon focus in an HIV-infected infant who acquired tuberculosis after the initiation of HAART." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 10, no. 1 (2009): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v10i1.1001.

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Tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may present as new or worsening cavitation. We present an HIV-infected infant in whom TB infection and subsequent cavitation of the Ghon focus appeared to coincide with immune reconstitution due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). TB-IRIS in response to infection that occurs after starting HAART has not previously been described.

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A, Pramod Kumar, Parthasarathi G, Mothi Sn, Sudheer Ap, Vht Swamy, and Sri Rama. "CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF USE OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE IN PARADOXICAL TUBERCULOSIS-IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (2018): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.21995.

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Objective: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory reaction in HIV-infected patients after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulting from restored immunity to specific infectious or non-infectious antigens. The most common condition where IRIS has been reported is tuberculosis (TB). Various mechanisms have been proposed and studied to account for the immune regulatory role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). This study is done to identify clinical outcome in HIV-TB patients with IRIS after given with HCQ.Methods: An uncontrolled longitudinal study was conducte

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Iglesias, Jose, Kandria Jumil Ledesma, Paul J. Couto, and Jessie Liu. "Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Occurring in a Kidney Transplant Patient with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis." Case Reports in Transplantation 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6290987.

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Tuberculosis (TB) occurring in solid organ transplantation (SOT) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality usually due to delays in diagnosis, drug toxicity encountered with antimycobacterial therapy, and drug-drug interactions. TB in SOT patients may mimic other infectious and noninfectious posttransplant complications such as posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and systemic cytomegalovirus infection. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a host response resulting in paradoxical worsening of an infectious disease which occurs after the employment of

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Hachisu, Yoshimasa, Yasuhiko Koga, Shu Kasama та ін. "Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors, History of Allergy, and Hypercalcemia Are Risk Factors of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients". Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, № 1 (2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010096.

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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an immune reaction that occurs along with the recovery of the patient’s immunity. Tuberculosis-related IRIS (TB-IRIS) upon tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitor treatment has been reported in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, the importance of biological treatment, as a risk factor of IRIS, has not yet been established. In this study, we examined TB-IRIS in non-HIV patients to explore the role of TNF-α inhibitor treatment. Out of 188 patients with pulmonary TB, seven patients had IRIS. We examined univariate logist

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Gopal, Radha, Rekha R. Rapaka, and Jay K. Kolls. "Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with pulmonary pathogens." European Respiratory Review 26, no. 143 (2017): 160042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0042-2016.

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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an exaggerated immune response to a variety of pathogens in response to antiretroviral therapy-mediated recovery of the immune system in HIV-infected patients. Although IRIS can occur in many organs, pulmonary IRIS, associated with opportunistic infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii, is particularly associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathology of IRIS is associated with a variety of innate and adaptive immune factors, including CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, γδ T-cells, natural killer cells, ma

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Jiamjunkupt, Thanin, Nathamon Sasiprapha, Dhitiwat Changpradub, Raveewan Choontanom, and Wiwan Sansanayudh. "Rare Manifestation of Ocular Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome from Mycobacterium Scrofulaceum Infection in a Patient with AIDS." International Journal of Mycobacteriology 10, no. 2 (2021): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_63_21.

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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a common complication following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The most commonly associated pathogens include Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus spp.[1] IRIS following nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) infection is uncommon, particularly, IRIS following NTM conjunctivitis.[2] Herein, we present a case of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum conjunctivitis with peripheral ulcerative keratitis and orbital cellulitis in a 45-year-old patient with AIDS who developed IRIS 1 month after starting ART therapy. A combination of both

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Tan, Hong Yien, Yean Kong Yong, Sin How Lim, et al. "Tuberculosis (TB)-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in TB-HIV co-infected patients in Malaysia: prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes." Sexual Health 11, no. 6 (2014): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14093.

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Background Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an important early complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in countries with high rates of endemic TB, but data from South-East Asia are incomplete. Identification of prevalence, risk factors and treatment outcomes of TB-IRIS in Malaysia was sought. Methods: A 3-year retrospective study was conducted among TB-HIV co-infected patients treated at the University of Malaya Medical Centre. Simple and adjusted logistic regressions were used to identify the predictors for TB-IRIS while Cox regression was

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Karmakar, Suman, Surendra K. Sharma, Richa Vashishtha, et al. "Clinical Characteristics of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in North Indian Population of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving HAART." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/239021.

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Background & Objective. IRIS is an important complication that occurs during management of HIV-TB coinfection and it poses difficulty in diagnosis. Previous studies have reported variable incidence of IRIS. The present study was undertaken to describe the pattern of TB-associated IRIS using recently proposed consensus case-definitions for TB-IRIS for its use in resource-limited settings.Methods. A prospective analysis of ART-naïve adults started on HAART from November, 2008 to May, 2010 was done in a tertiary care hospital in north India. A total 224 patients divided into two groups, one w

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Murthy, Somasheila I., Varsha M. Rathi, Mudit Tyagi, Dilip Kumar Mishra, and Rajeev R. Pappuru. "Presumed Intraocular Tuberculosis Manifesting as Unilateral Iris Granuloma." Ocular Immunology and Inflammation 28, no. 7 (2020): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2019.1699578.

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Corti, Marcelo, María F. Villafañe, Marta Ambroggi, Mirna Sawicki, and Elisa Gancedo. "Soft tissue abscess and lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium avium Complex as an expression of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after a second scheme of highly active antiretroviral therapy." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 49, no. 4 (2007): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652007000400015.

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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an atypical and unexpected reaction related to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. IRIS includes an atypical response to an opportunistic pathogen (generally Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, cytomegalovirus and herpes varicella-zoster), in patients responding to HAART with a reduction of plasma viral load and evidence of immune restoration based on increase of CD4+ T-cell count. We reported a case of a patient with AIDS which, after a first failure of

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Rizki, Fitri Amelia, Irvan Medison, and Fenty Anggrainy. "Diagnosis And Management Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Hiv With Severe Immunodeficiency." PROFESSIONAL HEALTH JOURNAL 7, no. 1 (2025): 92–102. https://doi.org/10.54832/phj.v7i1.1016.

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The total number of TB cases in Indonesia is 969,000. This figure represents a 17% increase compared to 2020. SITB 2022 data shows there are 15,375 cases of co-infection of pulmonary TB with HIV. The treatment success rate for pulmonary TB co-infection with HIV in Indonesia in 2022 is 71%. This is still far from the national target of 90%.This case report discusses a 33-year-old man with pulmonary TB and TB lymphadenitis with HIV at clinical stage 4. The CD4 count was 10 cells/mm3. The degree of immunodeficiency suffered by this patient is severe immunodeficiency. The management was to adminis

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Kadnur, Harshith B., Haripriya Challa Reddy, Balasaheb Wanve, Rumapriya Sonowal, Hardik Rughwani, and Anuradha Sekaran. "Kaposi’s sarcoma unmasked by corticosteroids in an advanced HIV patient with tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome." Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS 45, no. 2 (2024): 141–43. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_8_24.

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In this case report, we present a 35-year-old homosexual man with advanced HIV disease and disseminated tuberculosis (TB) who developed paradoxical TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Corticosteroids, vital in life-threatening IRIS, were initiated, resulting in symptom resolution but unmasking AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Diagnostic confirmation revealed disseminated KS, necessitating a comprehensive therapeutic strategy involving chemotherapy and thalidomide as a steroid-sparing agent. This case underscores the complexity of managing advanced HIV disease with IRIS

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Weber, Michèle Rebecca, Jan Sven Fehr, Félix Pierre Kuhn, and Marisa Brigitta Kaelin. "Approach for tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-negative patient." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 8 (2021): e232639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-232639.

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A male refugee from the Middle East was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and Pott’s disease with paravertebral abscess. After starting the standard regimen, the sputum culture converted to negative and the patient’s general condition improved. Six weeks later, the patient presented with clinical worsening of known symptoms, new appearance of focal neurological deficits and progress of radiological features showing progression of the paravertebral abscess. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB-IRIS) was presumed, and treatment with high-dose steroi

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Pean, Polidy, Yoann Madec, Eric Nerrienet, et al. "Natural Killer Repertoire Restoration in TB/HIV Co-Infected Individuals Experienced an Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (CAMELIA Trial, ANRS 12153)." Pathogens 12, no. 10 (2023): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12101241.

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IRIS is a common complication in HIV-infected patients treated for tuberculosis (TB) and cART. Our aim was to evaluate NK cell reconstitution in HIV-infected patients with TB-IRIS compared to those without IRIS. 147 HIV-infected patients with TB from the CAMELIA trial were enrolled. HIV+TB+ patients were followed for 32 weeks. The NK cell repertoire was assessed in whole blood at different time points. As CAMELIA has two arms (early and late cART initiation), we analysed them separately. At enrolment, individuals had low CD4 cell counts (27 cells/mm3) and high plasma viral loads (5.76 and 5.50

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Meintjes, Graeme, Cari Stek, Lisette Blumenthal, et al. "Prednisone for the Prevention of Paradoxical Tuberculosis-Associated IRIS." New England Journal of Medicine 379, no. 20 (2018): 1915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1800762.

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Rajeev, G. S. "UNMASKING OF TUBERCULOSIS BY IRIS: A PLAY OF IMMUNITY." Chest 157, no. 6 (2020): A107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.118.

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Lage, Silvia Lucena, Chun-Shu Wong, Eduardo Pinheiro Amaral, et al. "Classical complement and inflammasome activation converge in CD14highCD16- monocytes in HIV associated TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 3 (2021): e1009435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009435.

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Inflammasome-derived cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, and complement cascade have been independently implicated in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB)-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS), a complication affecting HIV+ individuals starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although sublytic deposition of the membrane attack complex (MAC) has been shown to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation, it is unknown whether these pathways may cooperatively contribute to TB-IRIS. To evaluate the activation of inflammasome, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-TB co-infected pati

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Thambuchetty, Nisha, Kayur Mehta, Karthika Arumugam, Umadevi G. Shekarappa, Jyothi Idiculla, and Anita Shet. "The Epidemiology of IRIS in Southern India: An Observational Cohort Study." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 16, no. 5 (2017): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325957417702485.

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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an uncommon but dynamic phenomenon seen among patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to describe incidence, risk factors, clinical spectrum, and outcomes among ART-naive patients experiencing IRIS in southern India. Among 599 eligible patients monitored prospectively between 2012 and 2014, there were 59.3% males, with mean age 36.6 ± 7.8 years. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome incidence rate was 51.3 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval: 44.5-59.2). One-third (31.4%) experienced at least 1 IRIS event,

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Rabie, Helena, Tammy Meyers, and Mark F. Cotton. "Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 10, no. 4 (2009): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v10i4.263.

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Paradoxical deterioration due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurs in up to 21% of children initiating antiretroviral therapy. Mycobacterial diseases are the most common, with BCG-vaccine adenitis predominating in infants and M. tuberculosis (TB) in older children. The difficulty of diagnosing TB in HIV-infected children and the increasing risk of drug-resistant TB complicate the diagnosis and management of both paradoxical IRIS and post-antiretroviral therapy TB. History and clinical assessment remain key strategies in the management of these infants and children. Ther

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Huante, Matthew, Rebecca Nusbaum, Sudhamathi Vijayakumar, et al. "A small animal model of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome following antiretroviral therapy (CAM1P.159)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 48.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.48.16.

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Abstract In HIV-infected patients with latent or subclinical tuberculosis (TB), the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) following restoration of T cell populations by anti-retroviral therapy (ART) can produce a life threatening inflammatory reaction. The objective of this study was to use our humanized mouse model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV co-infection to develop a small animal model of IRIS. Humanized BLT mice (HuMice) were infected i.n. with Mtb H37Rv, and following development of TB disease were given TB chemotherapy (rifampicin and isoniazid)

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Skouvig Pedersen, Ole, Trine Ørhøj Barkholt, Stine Horskær Madsen, and Frauke Rudolf. "Tuberculosis immune reconstitution syndrome (TB-IRIS) followed by recurring lymphadenitis up to 8 years post-antituberculous treatment." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 6 (2024): e259211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-259211.

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We present the case of a patient with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection who initially developed paradoxical TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) post-antituberculous treatment and post-antiretroviral therapy initiation. Despite being managed effectively, lymphadenitis recurred as many as three times over the course of several years. Due to consistent culture-negative lymph node biopsies, the recurring lymphadenitis was eventually deemed inflammatory rather than microbiological recurrences. Cessation of anti-TB treatment led to symptom remission followed by a long asympt

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Goovaerts, Odin, Marguerite Massinga-Loembé, Pascale Ondoa, et al. "Lack of elevated pre-ART elastase-ANCA levels in patients developing TB-IRIS." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0244800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244800.

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Background Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in HIV-TB co-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been linked to neutrophil activation. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are also associated with neutrophil activation. Since ANCAs are reportedly skewed in TB and HIV infections, we investigated plasma levels of 7 ANCAs in TB-IRIS patients. Methods We retrospectively compared 17 HIV-TB patients who developed TB-IRIS with controls of similar CD4 count, age and gender who did not (HIV+TB+ n = 17), HIV-infected patients wi

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Pramono, Barii Hafidh, Masitha Dewi Sari, and Aslim D. Sihotang. "AUROLAB AQUEOUS DRAINAGE IMPLANT IN YOUNG ADULT WITH NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA AND TUBERCULOSIS HISTORY: A CASE REPORT." Ophthalmologica Indonesiana 49, no. 1 (2023): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35749/journal.v49i1.100170.

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Introduction: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is historically known as rubeotic glaucoma, from “rubeosis iridis” that refers to the iris neovascularization. One of several causes that lead to rubeosis iridis is changes in Pigment Epithelium-Derived Growth Factor (PEDF) that may be caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The influence of NVG may cause intraocular pressure (IOP) to rise rapidly. It can be decreased by Aurolab Aqueous Drainage Implant (AADI). Case Report: A 34-year-old male complained of left eye pain and sudden decreased vision for the past 2 months. He had been diagnosed with tubercul

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