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Academic literature on the topic 'Tulips'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tulips"

1

Wilson, Brett, Aibek Dolotbakov, Benjamin J. Burgess, Colin Clubbe, Georgy Lazkov, Kaiyrkul Shalpykov, Myskalai Ganybaeva, Ormon Sultangaziev, and Samuel F. Brockington. "Central Asian wild tulip conservation requires a regional approach, especially in the face of climate change." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 6 (March 27, 2021): 1705–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02165-z.

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AbstractTulips (Tulipa spp.) are one of the most widely appreciated plants worldwide, nevertheless species taxonomy and biogeography are often poorly understood. Most wild tulips inhabit the mountains of Central Asia, a recognised biodiversity hotspot, and a centre of tulip diversity. Despite the presence of several country-level endemic Tulipa species, most taxa span the borders of several nations. With no globally Red Listed tulip taxa from this region national level conservation assessments are an important resource. Nonetheless, threats posed to tulips are still inadequately understood, especially climate change, and given the trans-national nature of most species, distributional information is restricted and often misleading. Here we collate 330 species records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility with 85 newly collected records, to undertake species distribution modelling (MaxEnt) for ten native Central Asian species. This work showed that regional level models provide a much more comprehensive understanding of species’ extinction risks, proportions of habitat in different countries, and limitations in protected area coverage. Furthermore, our climate modelling, the first of its kind for tulips, suggests that climate change will have a significant negative impact on the range size of all species; including those that are currently widespread. We therefore add climate change to the list of threats affecting tulip populations in Central Asia, which already includes livestock overgrazing, urbanisation, wild collection, and mining. Overall, our work shows that although national information is important, a regional approach is crucial not just for tulip conservation efforts, but likely for Central Asian plant conservation in general.

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2

Sochacki, Dariusz. "The Occurrence of the Viruses in Tulip Crops in Poland." Journal of Horticultural Research 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2013-0001.

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Abstract The viruses infecting tulips have a big influence on the yield and the quality of bulbs and forced flowers. Commercial bulb production is based on clonal propagation, which leads to the accumulation of viruses. Among 22 viruses occurring in tulips, the most common and the most dangerous are Tulip breaking virus, TBV; Tobacco necrosis virus, TNV; Lily symptomless virus, LSV; Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV and Tobacco rattle virus, TRV. The aim of the research was to check which viruses occur most often on Polish tulip plantations. The research was done on two tulip (Tulipa L.) cultivars ‘Strong Gold’ and ‘Leen van der Mark’ grown at 3 farms situated in different parts of Poland (Warsaw Region, Pomerania and Podlasie) during 2006-2007, and then at 2 farms located in Warsaw Region during 2008-2011. Five of the most important viruses infecting tulips (TBV, TNV, LSV, CMV, and TRV) were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) in leaves and in bulbs during the period 2006-2010. In the last year of the research two different strains of TRV were detected (TRV-J and TRV-F) and Tulip virus X (TVX) as well. Search for viruses showed that most often TBV virus was detected both in the leaves and the bulbs regardless of the year and plantations. Yellow flowering cultivar ‘Strong Gold’ was infected by viruses more often than in bi-coloured (with red) ‘Leen van der Mark’, because of the difficulties with effective roguing of infected plants due to inconspicuous symptoms of virus infections on yellow coloured flowers. Other viruses were detected sporadically, however increasing occurrence of LSV and TRV was noticed from year to year. In 2011, TVX virus was detected in a few plants of ‘Strong Gold’ and it was the first case of detection of this virus in tulip in Poland.

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Kim, Hye-Ji, and William B. Miller. "EFFECTS OF GA4+7 AND BA APPLICATION ON POSTPRODUCTION QUALITY IN `SEADOV' POT TULIP FLOWERS." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 491D—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.491d.

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The effect of GA4+7 plus benzyladenine (BA) on postproduction quality was investigated in `Seadov' tulips (Tulipa gesneriana). Potted tulips at half-colored bud stage or full-bloom stage were sprayed with a range of GA4+7 plus BA, and placed in a simulated consumer environment (SCE) in order to determine effectiveness of the compound at each stage. Regardless of plant stage, treatment with GA4+7 plus BA effectively improved individual flower longevity and whole plant longevity in the range of concentrations tested. GA4+7 plus BA had a strong effect on enhancing flower longevity when sprayed to mature (fully colored) buds, and a lesser effect on immature (green) buds, and whole plant longevity increased with higher doses of GA4+7 plus BA. When applied to open flowers, however, concentrations over 50 mg·L–1 reduced individual flower and whole plant longevities relative to lower concentrations resulting from unwanted full-opening of older flowers and exaggerated gynoecium growth. Concentrations as low as 10 mg·L–1 significantly increased longevity of tulip flowers of all age classes. The effects of enhancing postproduction quality of `Seadov' pot tulips were primarily derived from the BA component of the compound.

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Basumatary, Plato, Preeti Hatibarua, and Jangila Hazowary. "A Virus that Caused the First Financial Bubble: “Tulipmania”." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.042.

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Tulipmania is one of the first financial bubble that recorded in the history where the price of a single rare broken tulips reached to an extravagant price. The mania took place between 1634 and 1637 in Holland. The broken tulips were considered as a luxury and status item during that period. The broken tulips were caused by “Tulip breaking virus” which induced the breaking of flower colour into stripes like pattern.

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5

Li, Shu, Jing Chen, Xueying Guo, Xin Li, Qiang Shen, Xueqing Fu, and Dongqin Tang. "Metabolic Patterns of Flavonoid and Its Key Gene Expression Characteristics of Five Cultivars of Tulipa gesneriana during Flower Development." Plants 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2024): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13030459.

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Flower color is one of the most important ornamental traits of tulips (Tulipa gesneriana). Five typical tulip cultivars were selected to identify the flavonoid components and analyze their key gene expression in their tepals. Firstly, after preliminary determination of the pigment type, the flavonoids were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. A total of 17 anthoxanthins were detected in the five cultivars. The total anthoxanthin content in the white tulip and the red tulip showed a similar decreasing trend, while an increasing trend was observed in the black tulip. Similarly, a total of 13 anthocyanins were detected in five tulip cultivars. The black tulip contained the largest number of anthocyanins, mainly delphinidin derivatives (Dp) and cyanidin derivatives (Cy). The total anthocyanin content (TAC) in the orange, red, and black cultivars was higher than that in the white and yellow cultivars and presented an overall increase trend along with the flower development. TgCHS, TgFLS, TgF3H, TgF3′H, TgF3′5′H, and TgDFR, as key structural genes, were involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathway, and the expression patterns of these genes are basically consistent with the components and accumulation patterns of flavonoids mentioned above. Taken together, the flower color in tulips was closely related to the composition and content of anthocyanins and anthoxanthins, which were indeed regulated by certain key structural genes in the flavonoid pathway.

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Polishchuk, V., V. Mykolayko, T. Polishchuk, and L. Kalyuzhna. "ESTIMATION OF RESISTANCE OF INTRODUCED VARIETIES OF TULIPS (TULIPA L.) TO DAMAGE BY BOTRYTIS CINEREA PERS TULIPAE GRAY ROT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2021-2-14.

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Fifty introduced tulip varieties (TULIPA L.) were evaluated in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, represented by different genotypes, mainly foreign selection, for resistance to gray rot Botrytis CinereaPersTulipae.However, as with most flowering plants, tulips are damaged by pests and diseases. It is known that the main source of infection is the soil, especially when growing tulips in monoculture. From the soil, fungal spores penetrate into the roots of the plant and spread through the leading vessels into the stem. The accumulation of mycelium of the fungus in the vessels prevents the transfer of nutrients and moisture. This disease is so dangerous that today, there are almost no varieties of tulips that would be absolutely stable to this disease. However, there are advantages, namely - if the tulip variety is early ripening and it has already completed the flowering phase before the disease, then such plants are resistant and adapted to gray rot. A brief agrobiological and decorative characteristic of collection varieties in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is given. The resistance of plants to damage to gray rot was carried out in accordance with the current methods, that is, on 25 plants of the 50 studied introduced tulip varieties, damage to vegetative and generative organs was visually determined after planting in the soil in spring.Atypical plants or those damaged by the disease were marked with special ribbons, and then culling was carried out and the percentage of affected plants was calculated. After the complete ontogeny of tulip plant varieties, the bulbs were dug out and carefully checked for disease infection before storage. Field observations regarding the resistance of various tulip cultivars to gray rot in the Forest-Steppe conditions of Ukraine investigated that the incidence of genotypes was at a low and very low level, despite the contrasting weather conditions of different years of research.

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Renans, Agata, Yağmur Sağ, F. Nihan Ketrez, Lyn Tieu, George Tsoulas, Raffaella Folli, Hana de Vries, and Jacopo Romoli. "Plurality and crosslinguistic variation: an experimental investigation of the Turkish plural." Natural Language Semantics 28, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 307–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-020-09165-9.

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AbstractIn English and many other languages, the interpretation of the plural is associated with an ‘exclusive’ reading in positive sentences and an ‘inclusive’ reading in negative ones. For example, the plural noun tulips in a sentence such as Chicken planted tulips suggests that Chicken planted more than one tulip (i.e., a reading which ‘excludes’ atomic individual tulips). At the same time, however, the corresponding negative sentence Chicken didn’t plant tulips doesn’t merely convey that he didn’t plant more than one tulip, but rather that he didn’t plant any tulip (i.e., ‘including’ atomic individual tulips). Different approaches to the meaning contribution of the English plural vary in how they account for this alternation across the polarities, but converge on assuming that (at least one of) the denotation(s) of the plural should include atomic individuals. Turkish, on the other hand, is cited as one of the few known languages in which the plural only receives an exclusive interpretation (e.g., Bale et al. Cross-linguistic representations of numerals and number marking. in: Li, Lutz (eds) Semantics and linguistic theory (SALT) 20, CLC Publications, Ithaca, pp 582–598, 2010). More recent proposals have, however, argued that the Turkish plural should in fact be analysed more like the English plural (e.g., Sağ, The semantics of number marking: reference to kinds, counting, and optional classifiers, PhD dissertation, Rutgers University, 2019). We report two experiments investigating Turkish-speaking adults’ and preschool-aged children’s interpretation of positive and negative sentences containing plural nouns. The results provide clear evidence for inclusive interpretations of the plural in Turkish, supporting accounts that treat the Turkish and English plurals alike. We briefly discuss how an inclusive meaning of the Turkish plural can be integrated within a theory of the Turkish number system which captures some idiosyncratic properties of the singular and the agreement between number and number numerals.

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Ranwala, Anil P., Beth Hardin, and William B. Miller. "Changes in Non-structural Carbohydrates in Tulip Bulb Scales during Cold Treatment and Greenhouse Forcing." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 454c—454. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.454c.

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The energy and carbon needs for early shoot growth in tulips are mainly provided by reserve carbohydrates in bulbs. The cold-treatment of bulbs before greenhouse forcing enhances the breakdown and remobilization of reserve carbohydrates in bulb scales, and is necessary for proper shoot growth and flowering in tulips. Tulip bulbs are known to contain both starch and fructans as reserve carbohydrates. We evaluated several extraction solvents, including ethanol and distilled water, and several extraction temperatures to accurately determine the amounts of different types of non-structural carbohydrates in tulip bulb scales. Extraction with distilled water resulted in excessive solubilization of starch. For example, extraction at 70 °C solubilized more than 80% of starch to glucan polymers. On the other hand, 80% ethanol at 70 °C extracted all soluble sugars including fructans with no apparent solubilization of starch. The changes in non-structural carbohydrates in the outermost bulb scale of tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L. `Frankfurt') during 12 weeks of cooling at 8.8 °C followed by 5 weeks of greenhouse forcing were determined. Starch was the major carbohydrate in bulb scales consisting of ≈70% of the dry weight at the beginning of cold treatment. Starch content per scale decreased slightly during cold treatment, but rapidly after transferring to greenhouse. Sucrose and soluble fructan content per scale increased during cold treatment, then decreased after transferring to greenhouse. Glucose content per scale remained fairly constant during cooling and greenhouse forcing, while fructose content increased in the greenhouse.

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Lu, Jiaojiao, Lianwei Qu, Guimei Xing, Zhenlei Liu, Xiaochun Lu, and Xiaori Han. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the MADS Gene Family in Tulips (Tulipa gesneriana)." Genes 14, no. 10 (October 22, 2023): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14101974.

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To investigate the cold response mechanism and low temperature regulation of flowering in tulips, this study identified 32 MADS-box transcription factor family members in tulips based on full-length transcriptome sequencing, named TgMADS1-TgMADS32. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes can be divided into two classes: type I and type II. Structural analysis showed that TgMADS genes from different subfamilies have a similar distribution of conserved motifs. Quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that some TgMADS genes (e.g., TgMADS3, TgMADS15, TgMADS16, and TgMADS19) were significantly upregulated in buds and stems under cold conditions, implying their potential involvement in the cold response of tulips. In summary, this study systematically identified MADS family members in tulips and elucidated their evolutionary relationships, gene structures, and cold-responsive expression patterns, laying the foundation for further elucidating the roles of these transcription factors in flowering and the cold adaptability of tulips.

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Sochacki, D., and B. Komorowska. "First Report of Tulip virus X on Tulip in Poland." Plant Disease 96, no. 4 (April 2012): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-11-0732.

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Tulip virus X (TVX) was first isolated from tulips in Scotland (3). TVX is now found in all tulip-growing areas throughout the Netherlands, and other countries including Japan and New Zealand (2). In Poland, tulips are grown for bulb production in an estimated area of 450 ha. Since tulips are very popular during the winter season, bulbs are imported for forcing from the Netherlands. In spring 2011, symptoms typical of TVX infection were observed in field-grown ‘Strong Gold’ tulips in two farms in Mazovia Province. Leaves showed chlorotic and white, elongated streaks and spots, which are typical symptoms of TVX infection. Symptomatic leaves of four tulip plants tested positive by using TVX polyclonal antiserum in a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA assay (Bulb Quality Support B.V., Lisse, The Netherlands), whereas two plants were also infected with Tulip breaking virus. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of the same four symptomatic tulips with a silica capture method (1) and the extracts were used in a reverse transcription-PCR. Primers for the detection of TVX as well as cycling conditions were as previously reported (4). Primer pairs TVX1F-TVX1R and TVX2F-TVX2R are specific for a 219-bp fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and a 189-bp fragment of the triple gene block gene-1, respectively. Amplified PCR products of the expected sizes were purified and sequenced (Genomed S.A., Warsaw, Poland). Sequence analyses showed that both fragments had 99.5 to 100% sequence identities at the nucleotide level with Genbank Accession No. AB066288. Two of the 219-bp amplicon sequences, varied by one nucleotide resulting in an amino acid substitution, were deposited in GenBank under Accession Nos. JN411683 and JN411684. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TVX in tulip in Poland. The occurrence of this virus could be important for bulb and flower production, particularly in the case of further spread because the virus can cause severe symptoms that make flowers unmarketable. References: (1) R. Boom et al. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:495,1990. (2) P. J. M. Knippels. Acta Hortic. (ISHS) 886:147, 2011. (3) W. P. Mowat. Ann. Appl. Biol. 101:51, 1982. (4) I. E. Tzanetakis et al. Plant Pathol. 54:562, 2005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tulips"

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Ramsey, Courtney Jade. "Tulips in Discord." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1308862271.

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Gerritsen, Anne lot. "Tulips, cheese and bikes? : Constructing the Netherlands through nation branding on the website Holland.com." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44457.

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In the globalized world of today, more and more countries are constructing themselves as authentic and unique in order to attract potential tourists. Nation branding is being used as a tool to commodify the country. This thesis is a critical discourse analysis that takes interest in examining how the Netherlands is discursively constructed as a nation brand on the website Holland.com. The thesis draws on theories of national identity, nation branding, commodification and authenticity, all from a critical point of view. Using critical discourse analysis as a method, this thesis is able to reveal the underlying ideologies and interests that are being promoted through the website. This is done by using specific tools, to discover what information is being made salient on the website and what information is being suppressed. The analysis of the website reveals three main findings: the Netherlands is constructed as authentic, with the purpose of commodifying the country to become as attractive as possible for potential visitors. Another finding shows how nation branding is used to reshape and reconstruct national history, as well as geography. Lastly, the analysis uncovers forms of nationalism found in the texts on the website.

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Carpinelli, Paola. "Progettazione e organizzazione di un Dark Store nel settore e-commerce: il caso Tulips srls." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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L’obiettivo del seguente lavoro è incentrato sulla progettazione e l’organizzazione di un Dark Store nel mercato dell’e-grocery, ossia il magazzino “oscuro” nel quale il cliente non ha accesso alle aree di processamento ordine. Questo settore è in forte crescita con un notevole aumento di investitori e di volumi di merce processata. D’altra parte in Italia è ancora un settore poco sviluppato, con una enorme potenzialità di crescita. Grazie alla rivoluzione tecnologica dell’ultimo decennio, Internet è entrato a far parte della vita quotidiana come fonte di accesso alla rete globale, permettendo un accesso rapido a qualsiasi campo di interesse. Questo strumento innovativo permette di intraprendere nuove sfide anche nel campo dell’ e-commerce ed in particolare nell’e-grocery. La vasta gamma, le rigide caratteristiche termiche e la possibilità di deperimento dei prodotti rende la velocità e la qualità del servizio il primo problema da affrontare. In questo studio ci si è soffermati sulla suddivisione delle aree di interesse e dei flussi di movimento, sulle definizioni di mansionari e sull’introduzione di soluzioni logistiche per il completamento dell’ordine all’interno della struttura. Le conclusioni a cui si è giunti grazie a questo lavoro di tesi mostrano in che modo tutti questi aspetti sono ottimizzati cercando di ridurre spazi e evitare sprechi di tempo. L’obiettivo raggiunto è stato creare una rete fluida di processi ad hoc, mantenendo un’alta qualità di processamento, dall’acquisizione fino alla presa in carico da parte dei fattorini dell’ordine online.

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Topal, Aysegul. "Molecular characterisation of cytochrome P450 in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318028.

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Pagliarani, Ridolfi Sara. "I sistemi di Order Picking e le decisioni critiche per la loro progettazione e ottimizzazione: il caso Tulips S.r.l." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Il magazzino è la parte fondamentale del business di molte realtà aziendali, tra cui si trovano i sistemi di order-picking (OPS) ovvero quei sistemi in cui i prodotti vengono stoccati a magazzino per essere poi prelevati meccanicamente o manualmente dagli operatori per soddisfare la domanda dei clienti interni e/o esterni all’azienda. Con questo elaborato si vuole fornire un quadro teorico sui sistemi OP, sulle loro caratteristiche e tipologie e sulle aree decisionali al momento della loro progettazione e/o ottimizzazione. Successivamente, servendosi dell’azienda Tulips Srl, si vuole fornire un’analisi del sistema a prelievo frazionato in atto nella loro sede di Cesena e il procedimento utilizzato per la progettazione parziale del magazzino nella nuova sede di Rimini. Lo scopo principale della progettazione di un OPS è quello di diminuire il tempo e la distanza di attraversamento dell’operatore durante il picking. Questo perché come dimostrato da Tompkins il tempo speso da un operatore per gli spostamenti utili al prelievo ammonta al 50% sul totale delle operazioni, andando conseguentemente ad incidere sui costi operativi del magazzino. Per questo motivo, lo scopo della progettazione, che si è basato sulle scelte di routing and sequencing problem e sui problemi di product allocation and assignment, ha avuto come scopo principale quello di condensare l’area del picking. La strategia utilizzata per l’assegnamento è stata la class-based storage policy e il criterio di assegnamento dei prodotti alle classi utilizzato è stato il Popularity assignment rule. Una volta assegnati i prodotti alle classi è stati possibile assegnare le classi alle corsie in modo da avere i prodotti desiderabili all’inizio del percorso. Questa pratica ha permesso di convogliare il maggior numero di prelievi in una certa area, quella più vicina al punto di stoccaggio degli ordini pronti nei reparti, e di ridurre conseguentemente le distanze di viaggio.

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Tunstall, Lucy Suzannah. "Vision and visual art in Sylvia Plath's 'Ariel' and last poems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24401.

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This dissertation is concerned with Sylvia Plath's late works. Engaging with critical discussion of what constitutes the corpus of Ariel, I show that an appreciation of the editorial history reveals the beginning of a third book (the last poems), and opens up those difficult texts to fresh enquiry. Recent work in Plath studies has focused on visual art. Kathleen Connors and Sally Bayley's Eye Rhymes examines Plath’s own artwork in ‘an attempt to answer the question, How did Plath arrive at Ariel? (1) I contribute to that discussion, but also ask the questions, How did Plath leave Ariel behind and arrive at the even more remarkable last poems, and how did visual art enable those journeys? I argue that Ariel’s characteristically lucid style is informed by the dismantling of depth perspective in Post-Impressionist painting, and by the colour theory and pedagogy of the Bauhaus teachers. My work is underpinned by an appreciation of Plath’s unique cultural moment in mid-century East Coast America. I show how Plath’s knowledge of the theories, practice and iconic images of visual art, from the old masters to the Post-Impressionists, offered new possibilities for stylistic development. Working with archival materials including annotated works from Plath’s personal library and drafts of her poems, as well as published material, I examine the synthesis of visual and literary influences. Demonstrating specific textual relations between Plath and the work of Emily Dickinson, T. S. Eliot and W. B. Yeats, as well as other poets, I show that Plath’s visual poetics combine influences from the modern poets with her New Critical training and with painting and sculpture. I offer new readings of rarely discussed poems, such as ‘Totem’, ‘The Munich Mannequins’ and ‘Child’, as well as fresh insights into the well known works, ‘Tulips’, ‘The Moon and the Yew Tree’, ‘Fever 103º’, and ‘Edge’.

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Sarthis, Hoshman Omar Majeed. "The phylogeny of Tulipa (Liliaceae) and status of Tulipa kurdica." Thesis, University of Reading, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.750384.

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Tulipa (Tulips; Liliaceae) is a genus of horticulturally important flowering bulbs (geophytes) comprising approximately 76 species. The taxonomy of the genus has long been confused. The most recent revision of supra-specific taxa has used DNA sequence data to inform taxonomy for the first time. This study sampled 25 species, so there is scope for better sampling to increase understanding of the evolutionary history of the genus and to contribute to a more robust taxonomy. The current study sampled 74 plants representing 61 species. Two nuclear gene regions were used for phylogeny reconstruction, and for both regions a complete survey of the extent of intraindividual polymorphism was made. The study using the first region, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), included 347 sequences in total. Phylogeny was reconstructed using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood and network methods. Significant intra-individual polymorphism was revealed, with only 18 species with all clones comprising a monophyletic group. One of the four subgenera were monophyletic, but core subgenera were recovered. Similarly, well-supported clades corresponded to the core species of several sections, though none was monophyletic. A second nuclear gene region was identified for phylogeny reconstruction by scrutinising published EST data from T. gesneriana. The nuclear gene region was a candidate single copy nuclear region (conserved orthologous sequence; COS). The final alignment included 240 sequences and the same plants as the ITS study. As for the ITS region, significant intra-individual polymorphism was revealed, and existing supra-specific taxa were not monophyletic. The extent of intra-individual polymorphism precluded concatenation of the two alignments for total evidence analysis. However, inspecting trees for common patterns revealed some core groupings. Subgenus Tulipa does not appear to be monophyletic, as has been previously proposed. Several sections could be re-circumscribed. In this study we do not make taxonomic changes, because the study highlights problems with using few or single plants to represent species, especially when the plants are not wild collected. A detailed study of wild-collected Tulipa kurdica included phylogenetic and morphometric analyses. Plants in trade as T. kurdica do not correspond to the wild-collected plants or to plants used in previous phylogenetic studies to represent T. kurdica, though these studies have been used to justify placing T. kurdica in synonymy with T. humilis. T. kurdica may be more closely related to T. pulchelta than to T. humilis.

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Zalánová, Zuzana. "Tulip Revolution: Expectations versus Reality." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85930.

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The dissertation deals with the phenomenon of hybrid regimes, specifically applied to the case of Kyrgyzstan. The main emphasis is placed on the 2005 Tulip Revolution and the regime of Kurmanbek Bakiyev installed by this event. Applying the theoretical concepts of hybrid regimes and regime change, the dissertation verifies the hypothesis that Kyrgyzstan's post-2005 political system retained its hybrid character and kept being neither a democracy nor an authoritarian regime. In this light, the Tulip Revolution brought about only a change of the leadership (as usual in coups d'état), not regime change (as might have been ushered by a democratic revolution).

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9

Taeb, Abdulkarim Giumaa. "Influence of culture environment on tulip micropropagation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328788.

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10

Du, Toit Werner. "'n Ekonomiese analise van die potensiaal van Sutherland as verbouingsarea vir die uitvoer van tulpbolle na Nederland." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3471.

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Thesis (MComm (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
Tulips are the second largest floral commodity that is traded globally. Currently Holland controls half of the 20 billion Dollar tulip bulb market, although immense pressure from European institutions may serve to change this phenomenon in the near future. Not only do increasing labour costs and stricter legislation on the usage of pesticides impair this industry, but the Dutch government also places huge pressure on its own producers to convert scarce agricultural land into residential areas. These conditions could therefore provide a possible market opportunity for farmers from other countries. Due too the fact that the price of tulip bulbs is based on the size of the flower and the length of the floral stem, floral farmers generally gain an extra 2-3 cm stem length via physically cutting it out of the tulip bulb. Therefore, floral farmers annually destroy their whole supply of tulip bulbs, resulting in a need to reacquire bulbs from bulb growers. Due to the fact that the lifespan of cut tulip flowers is generally not more than seven days, Dutch land rezoning ought to result in tulip bulb production being the production component which could truly be relocated in a global context. In this study, an economic analysis is therefore conducted to ascertain South Africa’s potential to produce tulip bulbs in order to supply the growing demand in the Netherlands. Information was gathered by performing a literature study of existing literature and by conducting structured interviews with numerous experts in their various fields of operation. Due to the fact that expertise in South Africa was very limited, a large number of interviews were scheduled with experts from Holland and Germany. The presence of strict non-disclosure contracts resulted in a situation where interviews had to be conducted with individuals who are two to three levels removed from any relevant tulip organisation. The study was conducted through first analysing the global market from a horticultural perspective and thereafter from an economic-logistical stance. It was established that tulip bulbs are very temperature sensitive and therefore have to be produced far from any tropical zones. Since Sutherland’s winter temperature is similar to that of Dutch production areas, South African tulip bulbs could be planted in Holland. The difference in seasons of production allows farmers from the Southern Hemisphere to predict the extremely fashion sensitive market in one year less. Via moving production activities between alternative hemispheres, off seasons can be utilized for production, which could result in fashions being predicted with a greater sense of accuracy. If unfashionable bulbs are produced, a loss of up to R 34 129,87 per ha can be incurred, while mid-priced bulbs and fashionable bulbs can earn respectively R80 118,09 and R 122 626,57 per ha. Projections are however based on the prices of a bear phase where the market currently pays up to 75% less for bulbs than it did three years ago. The production costs in Sutherland could be cut by R 15 750 if it is decided to mechanise production but simultaneously this action will result in an increase of R120 000 in new capital equipment required. The use of 40 feet High Cube Reefers reduces transportation costs considerably and 1 042 437 bulbs with a circumference of between 10 and 12 cm can be shipped in such an container via utilizing South African produced SN 64190 crates and four way export pallets. Market penetration remains an important consideration since a farmer’s production history is very important in the international market environment. Partnerships, production of larger bulbs, organic production and seasonal production in alternating hemispheres, remain some of the most suitable techniques for market penetration.

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Books on the topic "Tulips"

1

Chirino, Marta, and Esther García Guillén. Tulipa, tulipae: El tulipán ilustrado. Madrid]: Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, 2018.

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Klein, Halina Barbara. Tulips. Chicago, Ill: Adams Press, 1989.

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Peter, Arnold. Tulips. San Diego, CA: Laurel Glen Pub., 1997.

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O'Callahan, Jay. Tulips. Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers, 1996.

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Prevost, John F. Tulips. Minneapolis, Minn: Abdo & Daughters, 1996.

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Pohl, Kathleen. Tulips. Milwaukee: Raintree Publishers, 1987.

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Chris, Mead, ed. Tulips. New York: Clarkson Potter, 1998.

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Dallas, Sandra. Alice's tulips. Thorndike, Me: Thorndike Press, 2001.

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Bendall, Belle. Black tulips. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Haw River Books, 1990.

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Stonestreet, Lisa Gluskin. Tulips, water, ash. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tulips"

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Beckmann, Johann. "Tulips." In Great Bubbles, vol 1, 82. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003550464-6.

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Wilmink, A., B. C. E. van De Ven, J. B. M. Custers, J. M. van Tuyl, W. Eikelboom, and J. J. M. Dons. "Genetic Transformation in Tulipa Species (Tulips)." In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 289–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57840-3_26.

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Pritchard, Jacki. "Opening tulips." In Dealing with Different Types of Losses Using Hypnotherapy Scripts, 77–79. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032245706-13.

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Gullino, Maria Lodovica. "Tulips with Fever." In Spores, 39–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69995-6_9.

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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Tulipa spp. (Tulip)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 2617–27. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_965.

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Wells, Amy. "From tulips and curls to donuts and jazz." In Popular Song in the First World War, 134–51. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Ashgate popular and folk music series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351068680-9.

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Montag, Andreas. "Tulpe, Gartentulpe (Tulipa gesneriana)." In Pflanzen und Haut, 975–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63014-3_180.

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Winston, Brian. "‘Smell the Tulips’: the Internet, Neo-liberalism and Millenarian Hype." In Access Denied in the Information Age, 161–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333985465_10.

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Leupold, Dagmar. "Said with Flowers: Bread and Tulips (Pane e tulipani, I, CH 2000)." In From La Strada to The Hours, 387–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68789-5_29.

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Suh, J. K., N. B. Park, J. M. Franssen, and W. J. De Munk. "The use of anti-gibberellins in the production of tulips as pot plants." In Progress in Plant Growth Regulation, 852–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2458-4_104.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tulips"

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Klimenko, N. N., O. E. Klimenko, and L. M. Aleksandrova. "Influence of microbial preparations on the state of plants and microbial cenosis of the rhizosphere of Tulipa L." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.13.

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Our research has shown that the greatest influence on the height of Tulipa L. plants of the ‘Anna Krasavitsa’ (‘AK’) and ‘Blushing Lady’ (‘BL’) varieties had Aurill and Complex of Microbial Preparations (CMP). The tulip plant height increased by 3-8 % compared to control. The height of the flower glass of ‘AK’ and ‘Holland Chic’ (‘HC’) varieties also increased by 6-7 % compared to control when using microbial preparations (MP). The width of the glass also increased by 4-9 % compared to control. The length of the lower leaf increased by 3-7 % compared to control under the action of Aurill and CMP, respectively. The width of the lower leaf of ‘HC’ increased by 3 % under the action of Aurill compared to the control variant. Depending on the variety and the preparation, the number of ammonifying bacteria increased by 57 % relative to control. The number of amylolytic and phosphate mobilizing bacteria increased on average by 76 % and 63 % under the influence of CMP. The number of oligonitrophilic and oligotrophic bacteria, when using CMP, significantly exceeded the control values: on average, by 60 and 74 %, respectively. The number of micromycetes under the influence of Aurill decreased by 49 % compared to control. The number of cellulolytic bacteria increased by 78 % compared to control mainly because of the introduction of CMP into the tulips rhizosphere. Thus, we found that the bacterization of the rhizosphere of tulips with Aurill and CMP positively affected the morphological characteristics of this flower. Furthermore, these preparations contributed to an increase in the number of agronomically valuable bacteria in the rhizosphere of plants.

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Gabriel, Richard P. "I Throw Itching Powder at Tulips." In SPLASH '14: Conference on Systems, Programming, and Applications: Software for Humanity. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2661136.2661155.

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Мырзабекова, Д. К. "SSESSMENT OF THE DECORATIVE NATURE OF TULIPS IN THE ALMATY." In VI Международная конференция "Проблемы промышленной ботаники индустриально развитых регионов". Кемерово: Федеральный исследовательский центр угля и углехимии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53650/9785902305606_70.

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Tang, Shiyun, Wanqi Zhang, and Zehui Zhang. "Oppressed Women’s Voices and Female Writing in Sylvia Plath’s “Tulips” and “Daddy”." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange（ICLACE 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220706.048.

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Jovanova, Jovana, Simona Domazetovska, and Vasko Changoski. "Modeling and Prototyping of Self-Folding Origami Structure." In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5676.

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Abstract Inspired by the spring blossoms of tulips and origami engineering, we have designed a monolithic self-deployable structure with the ability to fold (close) and unfold (open). The focus of this paper is the 3D design and prototyping of a self-folding origami structure actuated by shape memory alloys (SMAs). SMA actuators, spring and wires, provide controllable actuation based on the simplicity of their design and the shape memory effect. In mechanical engineering, the art of origami provides a novel approach for compliant mechanisms devices enabling relative movement between the components with reduction of the number of parts. The self-folding origami structures can be used in many applications for volume reduction in packaging and space engineering. Additive manufacturing technologies enable easy and fast prototyping of the monolithic structure. The geometry of the structure and the integration of smart active materials within the structure enable the design to achieve complete self-folding.

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Kondratyev, V. V., O. V. Shelepova, T. V. Voronkova, M. V. Semenova, L. S. Olehnovich, G. F. Bidyukova, O. L. Enina, L. G. Gray, and I. N. Kalembet. "The role of narrow-spectrum light on the change in metabolism in the tissues of generative shoots of tulips during winter distillation." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-224.

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Kallmeyer, Laura, Timm Lichte, Wolfgang Maier, Yannick Parmentier, Johannes Dellert, and Kilian Evang. "TuLiPA." In the Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1611546.1611547.

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Wongpiromsarn, Tichakorn, Ufuk Topcu, Necmiye Ozay, Huan Xu, and Richard M. Murray. "TuLiP." In the 14th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1967701.1967747.

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Tobias, Eric, Valérie Maquil, and Thibaud Latour. "TULIP." In EICS'15: ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2774225.2775080.

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Lipczak, Marek, Arash Koushkestani, and Evangelos Milios. "Tulip." In the first international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2633211.2634351.

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Reports on the topic "Tulips"

1

Lukasse, Leo. Analysis of shipments of cut tulips in 12 reefer container. Wageningen: Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/563044.

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Neal, Larry, and Marc Weidenmier. Crises in the Global Economy from Tulips to Today: Contagion and Consequences. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9147.

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Naeve, Linda L., Bernard J. Havlovic, and Leah B. Riesselman. High Tunnel Tulip Production. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2136.

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Klein, Roel, and Jos Ruizendaal. Volume measurement of tulip bulbs. Wageningen: Wageningen Plant Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/653183.

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McDonough, M. R., T. W. Grover, V. J. McNicoll, D. D. Lindsay, K L Kelly, and P. G. Guerstein. Geology, Tulip Lake (74M/14), east-half, Alberta-Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194053.

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Burgess, Edwin B., John W. Shields, David B. Conlin, and Russell P. Rafferty. TRADOC Library and Information Network (TRALINET). Union List of Periodicals (TULIP) (6th Edition). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada275263.

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Jambor, J. L., and D. M. Barbour. Geology and Mineralogy of the Tulks Pyritic Massive Sulphide Deposit. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122403.

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Kean, B. F., and D. T. W. Evans. Metallogeny of the Tulks Hill Volcanics, Victoria Lake Group, Central Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/121082.

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Couture, R., and S. Riopel. Landslide Inventory along a Proposed Gas Pipeline between Inuvik and Tulita, Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/226200.

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Ford, K. L., and P. B. Holman. Airborne geophysical survey of the Tulks Volcanic Belt, Red Indian Lake area, Newfoundland, 1991. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133295.

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