Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tumeur cérébrale'
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Carpentier, Alexandre. "Plasticité cérébrale et Epilepsie." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066037.
Full textFlament, Julien. "Développement de l'imagerie RMN par agents CEST : application à un modèle rongeur de tumeur cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720031.
Full textAmalfitano, Guy. "Effets de l'acide rétinoique dans un modèle expérimental de tumeur cérébrale chez le rat et étude moléculaire de son récepteur nucléaire beta dans les tumeurs cérébrales humaines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10064.
Full textBorius, Pierre-Yves. "Application neurochirurgicale de la tractographie et de la stimulation corticale et sous corticale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30131.
Full textTractography and intraoperative stimulation would optimize tumor resection preserving the quality of life. The principles of diffusion tensor, tractography and brain stimulation are shown. A study of tractography of optic radiation and validation on a lesion model was able to confirm the feasibility of the reconstruction. Among the tested algorithms, the most effective was the "Tensor Line" predicting a risk of quadrantanopia when more than 5% of the trajectories have an intersection with the lesion volume. The second part focused on the cognitive process of language whose translation by cortical stimulation during awake surgery for 7 bilingual patients. Twenty-six interference tasks area were found but none was specific to the translation, which is complex to study. Finally, the prospects for integration of these 2 techniques are discussed through three clinical cases
Rost, Nathalie. "Expression et régulation du gène de la proenképhaline dans un modèle expérimental de tumeur cérébrale chez le rat." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10048.
Full textDurand, Maxime. "Capacités invasives des glioblastomes : intérêt des nanoparticules hybrides or/gadolinium,seules ou en association avec la radiothérapie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0029.
Full textBackground: The clinical prognosis of glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, remains poor (Stupp et al. 2005). Nanomedicine could provide new therapeutic tools to overcome current limitations. Au@DTTPA(Gd) gold-gadolinium hybrid nanoparticles are being studied for their radiosensitizing potential in vitro and in vivo (Alric et al. 2008 and Miladi et al. 2014). The main objective of this thesis work is to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the anti-invasive potential of Au@DTDTPA(Gd) associated with radiotherapy.Results: From 2D and 3D in vitro cell cultures, ex vivo organotypic cultures and in vivo cranial window model on the infiltrating line U251 and the radioresistant line U87, we evaluated the anti-invasive potential of Au@DTDTPA(Gd) nanoparticles with or without radiotherapy. Nanoparticles alone reduce the invasive capacity of U251 spheroids but are not related to MMP2 proteolytic activity and MMP14 expression. They also reduce the abilities of U251 cells to migrate both collectively and individually. At the same time, nanoparticles affect the biomechanical capacities of U251 cells, which are marked by an increase in the number and diameter of actin fibers at the level of cell protrusions, an enhanced membrane rigidity. These changes are associated with an increase in cell traction forces, expression of adhesion proteins and a decrease in the number of protrusions. All these data would explain the inhibition of cell motility of U251 cells by Au@DTTPA(Gd) nanoparticles. We then highlighted the effects of Au@DTDTPA(Gd) associated with different radiotherapy protocols on the radioresistant U87 cell line. The in vitro 3D, ex vivo and in vivo follow-ups indicate a decrease in the progression of U87 cells. We have developed a 3D in vitro model that allows the recovery of migratory cells from treated spheroids. After treatment, we observed that Au@DTDPA(Gd) alone or in combination with radiotherapy decreased the number of migratory cells, as well as their viability by induction of mitotic catastrophes. The combined treatment also decreased both the secretion and activity of MMP2 in migrating cells. Fluorescence microscopy observations reveal a loss of intercellular junctions and compromised expression of Cx43 in intercellular junctions. Culture of migratory cells in a neurosphere medium allowing stem cell selection showed that treated migratory cells form fewer neurospheres and have a reduced diameter. These results suggest that migratory cells would lose their stem-like characteristics.Conclusion: Our overall results suggest that Au@DTTPA(Gd) nanoparticles possess anti-invasive effects by disrupting the biomechanical capabilities of GBM cells. Moreover, Au@DTDTPA(Gd) combined with radiotherapy reduce the invasive properties of migrating GBM cells by inducing mitotic catastrophes, loss of intercellular junctions and attenuation of their stemness. These results show that Au@DTDTPA(Gd) and radiotherapy have therapeutic potential for future preclinical studies
Roche, Jeanne. "Les fonctions exécutives chez les enfants et adolescents soignés pour une tumeur cérébrale : approche clinique des perturbations en situation d’examen et de vie quotidienne." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0023.
Full textNeuropsychological sequelae associated with pediatric brain tumors represent a major public health issue.Disorders of executive functions have been identified among these children, but the nature of the impaired processes, recommended evaluation modalities and the impact of demographic and medical variables related to the disease remain unclear. The aim of this thesis was to get a broader understanding of the disturbance profile of the different executive processes in this disease context, comparing performance-based measures and daily life indicators (in both the school and home environment). From this perspective, we have 1) analyzed the executive profile of 171 school age children with a brain tumor in the BRIEF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) and 2) examined the association of these indicators with performance-based measures adapted in French in 27 patients matched to healthy children. The influence of clinical variables on the executive profiles was discussed. Broad and variable executive difficulties have been identified in patients’ everyday life (all tumor types and locations) at home as well as school, with also increased difficulties reported by parents in the case of radiation therapy at an early age. Disturbances of executive control are confirmed in direct measures, whose convergence with the questionnaires appears however limited. Based on these results, respective contributions of these two types of tools are discussed in order to understand the executive issue in pediatric brain tumor survivors
Eling, Laura. "Augmentation du contrôle des tumeurs cérébrales et caractérisation des effets à long terme sur le tissu cérébral sain après exposition à la radiothérapie synchrotron par microfaisceaux chez le rat." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALS026.pdf.
Full textIn research and in clinics, pathologic states of the brain have been widely characterized, and new treatment strategies evolve on a daily basis. Conversely, therapy of one of the most severe brain conditions, known as glioblastoma, is in many cases without success. Within the therapeutic range, radiotherapy represents the most efficient method. However, as normal tissue cells are equally affected by radiation effects as cancerous cells, the prescribed dose remains greatly limited by radiotoxic adverse reactions. Thus, a continuous demand of improved irradiation techniques challenges researchers and clinicians to date. A novel form of radiotherapy is being developed, termed Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT). In MRT, X-rays are generated by a synchrotron light source and are collimated into an array of parallel microbeams that are a few tens of microns wide and separated by a few hundred microns. This irradiation geometry allows very high dose deposition in the microbeam paths (peak dose) while tissue slices located in-between these paths receive only 5-10% of the peak dose (valley dose). The major benefit of this new modality lies within the preferential effects on tumor than on normal tissues. Tumor vessel responses differ drastically from those observed in mature blood vessels, thus preserving normal tissues while successfully ablating cancerous cells. In this thesis, the effects of MRT on normal brain tissue were further investigated. First, normal rats were exposed to whole-brain MRT (valley doses from 7 to 25 Gy). Second, MRT was delivered through multiple ports (up to 5), focalized in the right caudate nucleus (10 Gy valley dose). These animals were subject to behavioral tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histologic analysis until one year post exposure. Results were compared to untreated rats and animals exposed to hospital- or synchrotron-generated broad beam (BB) irradiation. In addition, the multiport MRT geometry was tested on 9L gliosarcoma-bearing rats. The results demonstrated that long-term normal brain tissue effects of MRT at valley doses higher than 10 Gy were not negligible. Chronic vascular effects started off this dose, whereas tissue necrosis was only observed after 25 Gy exposure. MRT-induced behavioral changes were seen in increased locomotion and exploratory drive. However, veterinary observations did not raise concern in rats irradiated with ≤17 Gy MRT valley dose or in rats exposed to the multiport configuration. Remarkably, the successive addition of MRT incidences to the standard protocol for 9L tumor treatment increased significantly and exponentially animal survival and tumor control. Indeed, multiport MRT increases biological equivalent doses by a factor of ~2.5, a result never achieved by any other radiotherapeutical approach. The exceptional normal tissue sparing and the outstanding therapeutic index make multiport MRT a promising innovative method that is primed for clinical translation
Krainik, Alexandre. "Syndrome de l'Aire Motrice Supplémentaire : apports de l'IRM fonctionnelle." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066178.
Full textSabagh, Emad El. "Photochimiothérapie en neurochirurgie : établissement d'un modèle d'allogreffe de tumeur cérébrale et évaluation de la photochimiothérapie à partir de ce modèle." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT13VS.
Full textDespite the constant efforts by neurosurgeons, the prognosis for the patients with a malignant primary brain tumours has changed minimally over the last three decades. Then the development of new animal models of glioma is necessary for in vivo evaluation of all new therapeutic propositions of this type of tumours. In the first part of our study, we realised an allogreffe model of cerebral tumours of the cell line C6-9. In the second part, our first target was to determine the usefulness of our model in the evaluation of the photochemotherapy by using the hematoporphyrine (HPD). Our second target was to study the efficacy of SIM01 (photosensitizer in stage of development) by comparing it to m-THPC which is in clinical trials in Europe, as for example in Nantes, and in USA. Through this study we obtained a reproducible simple model in a reasonable delay valid for the evaluation of in vivo photochemotherapy. It also presented SIM01 as a new promising molecule in the domain of the photochemotherapy
Jiang, Zhen. "Approche par IRM de la Vascularisation Tumorale et Peri-tumorale en Neuro-Oncologie." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530275.
Full textTaupin, Florence. "Nanoparticules et rayonnement synchrotron pour le traitement des tumeurs cérébrales." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949136.
Full textBouchet, Audrey. "Réponse transcriptomique des tissus cérébraux sains et tumoraux à la radiothérapie par microfaisceaux synchrotron." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00906766.
Full textZouaoui, Sonia. "Epidémiologie clinique des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central et en particulier des gliomes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT002.
Full textGliomas have devastating consequences. Morbidity and mortality are high. Gliomas represent a complex heterogeneous group of pathologic entities and no underlying cause has been identified for the majority of them. Epidemiologic data vary from study to study. The number of each histological subtype is too small, even for a big neurosurgical center, to allow a good research on each subtype of glioma. Oncological and clinical specificities (epilepsy, cognitive disorders, motor impairments, etc) require a specific care and analysis. Indeed, we need to collect and record all new cases and follow up in large area, to allow good basic and clinical studies. Furthermore, population study is the only way to know what clinicians do to the patients, and make possible evaluating the medical care. The French societies involved in Neuro-Oncology (Société Française de Neurochirurgie, Société Française de Neuropathologie, Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française) have recently created the French Brain Tumor DataBase (FBTDB). The main objective of the FBTDB is to prospectively record all primary central nervous system tumors (PCNST), in France, for which histological diagnosis is available (1-3). The long-term goals of the FBTDB are to create a histological national registry and a national network to (1) perform epidemiological studies, (2) implement a new database and use it for setting up both clinical and basic research protocols, (3) allow the evaluation of the medical practices of an area or of the entire country, and (4) harmonize the healthcare of patients affected by PCNST at the higher level. The present PhD student, Sonia Zouaoui, will focus her work on gliomas. First, she will collect data, and will analyze prognostic factors, survival and oncological patterns of care for patients with newly diagnosed glioma in France. Secondly, she will participate in the study of geographical distribution of the main types of glioma and in search of causal factors. Thirdly, she will conduct an inventory of cryopreserved material available for translational research
Berlivet, Justine. "Rôle des expositions aux radiations ionisantes naturelles dans le risque de leucémie aiguë et de tumeur cérébrale chez l’enfant en France métropolitaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5244.
Full textHigh-dose ionizing radiation (IR) have been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the IARC. This work aimed to further investigate the role of natural background radiation (NBR), which are present at lower doses, in risk of childhood acute leukemia (AL) and central nervous system (CNS) tumors, the most common childhood cancer types. Recent studies have moslty considered the risk of AL, with several design, but results are not concordant. The French population-based case-control study did not show association between childhood AL and NBR level (gamma radiation and radon) in the municipality of residence at cancer diagnosis. Firstly, this manuscript had the objective to consider the role of NBR exposure at birth. There are fewer studies about CNS tumors. For the first time, we have examined the association between the incidence of childhood CNS tumors and NBR levels in France mainland, by considering the municipality of residence at diagnosis. We conducted two studies based on the National Register of Childhood Cancer. This database gather all the cancer cases diagnosed in children in France mainland, since 1990 for AL and 2000 for solid tumors (including CNS tumors). We estimated precisely the NBR exposure all over France thanks to geostatistical methods taking account of numerous NBR measures and geological information (Institut of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety). In this way, we evatuated contrasts of incidence rate ratios regarding variations of NBR levels in the french municipalities, setting up Poisson regression models. NBR exposures have been considered one at a time, jointly, cumulatively and, in an exploratory analysis, considering their biological impact. This question have not been ever explored regarding CNS tumors. We included 6 059 AL cases born and diagnosed between 1990 and 2000, and we did not find association between gamma radiation or radon exposure, in the municipality of residence at birth, and risk of AL. Conclusions by AL subtypes were similar. We did not observe association between NBR levels and the risk of CNS tumors, considered as a whole, taking account of all the cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 (5 471 cases). However, results support a positive association between gamma radiation level in the municipality of residence at diagnosis and the incidence rate of pilocytic astrocytomas, a type of non-malignant tumor common CNS tumor in childhood, very rare in adulthood. A 12% increase in incidence rate was observed for an increase of 50 nSv/h increase in gamma radiation level. We used high quality data, based on validated models considering measured and precisely geolocated exposures, all over a territory with a large range of NBR exposure. The number of cases was sufficient to distinguish AL and CNS tumors subtypes. In mainland France, we did not observe any association between NBR exposure and the risk of childhood AL, considering the window of exposure around diagosis or around birth, although the perinatal period is commonly considered as a high radiosusceptibility time span. The association that we noticed between pilocytic astrocytomas and gamma radiation level in the municipality of residence at birth was still observed in several sensitivity analysis. Different designs were used in studies on NBR and childhood cancers studies, based on high quality incidence data and validated NBR exposure models, have shown discordant results : an association between gamma rays and incidence rate of AL was found in the UK and in Switzeland, there was no association in Germany or in France, as we show in this thesis work. The consideration of other factors of geographical variability of childhood cancers incidence may precise help to understand the heterogeneity between results. There are fewer studies about CNS tumours and our results need to be replicated. Attention should be paid to CNS tumor subtypes, since their etiology might be different
Barbier, Emmanuel. "Étude de la perfusion cérébrale par résonance magnétique nucléaire : développement de nouvelles méthodes de mesure et de nouveaux modèles d'analyse pour un traceur exogène et un traceur endogène." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T009.
Full textLerond, Julie. "Anomalies de la voie des Mitogen- Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) : Impact sur l’oncogenèse des tumeurs cérébrales et le microenvironnement tumoral." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASL012.
Full textPrimary adult brain tumors are rare tumors, mostly malignant, that include a set of very diverse tumors such as gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, and neuronal tumors. They are distinguished by histological and molecular characteristics as well as by their severity grades. Gene mutations that excessively activate the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) pathway, such as those involving the BRAF (B-Raf proto- oncogene) or FGFR1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1) genes, are found in different types of brain tumor. Tumor cells interact with cells in the microenvironment (immune, endothelial, and brain cells), which differ depending on the type of tumor and the genetic alterations encountered. The microenvironment is an essential regulator of cancer progression and the response to treatments, particularly immunotherapy, which consists of stimulating the immune defenses.This study aims to analyze different types of lesions and brain tumors to understand the impact of MAPK pathway alterations on oncogenesis and tumor microenvironment. Non- expansive hippocampal and neocortical lesions encountered in focal epilepsies present BRAF V600E mutated cells in the brain tissue without tumor mass formation. These cells have a stellate morphology and express CD34, a marker of prenatal neural progenitors, and are comparable to those found in the periphery of BRAF mutated gliomas. These CD34+ cells could potentially constitute an early step in the development of BRAF V600E gliomas. Alterations of the MAPK pathway impact brain tumor oncogenesis but also shape the tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment could also constitute a new tool to distinguish, understand and treat histologically and molecularly similar tumor types. This is the case of Rosette-forming Glioneuronal Tumors (RGNTs) which are rare neoplasms histologically close to pilocytic astrocytomas and gangliogliomas. RGNTs are characterized by the presence of the FGFR1 activating mutation associated with a PIK3CA activating or NF1 inactivating mutation causing a deregulation of the MAPK pathway. RGNTs have a low immune content compared to other histologically similar tumor types. High-grade gliomas often remain incurable to this day. This failure is attributed to the immunosuppressive microenvironment that reduces the antitumor response executed by cytotoxic lymphocytes. The study of the immune microenvironment of rare adult gliomas most often presenting a deregulation of the MAPK pathway (BRAF V600E mutation) and/or a high lymphocytic infiltration allowed us to evaluate the biology of this unusual immune response, its prognostic value and its potential role as a biomarker for immunotherapy strategies. This study allowed us to show the potential impact of the spatial organization of lymphocytic infiltration on the prognosis of patients. This work has highlighted the characteristics of the microenvironment of gliomas with MAPK pathway activating mutations compared to that of other gliomas. The study of the tumor microenvironment has become essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. These activating-MAPK pathway mutations can initiate gliomagenesis with a highly variable sequence from the formation of microscopic lesions made of isolated cells to the formation of a benign or malignant brain tumor. These different evolutions could be determined by the cell of origin and the acquisition of additional mutations but also according to the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment
Lonjon, Michel. "Exploration du métabolisme tumoral cérébral par microdialyse : étude expérimentale et clinique." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5688.
Full textNiepceron, Brad. "Développement d'une application d'aide au diagnostic basée sur les réseaux de neurones artificiels pour la détection de tumeurs cérébrales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0071.
Full textDuring the last decade, the study of brain tumor diagnosis systems brought a significant attention regarding to the fast growth of deep learning and the development of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In the clinical field, deep learning based algorithms are being used to solve visual tasks such as the detection and segmentation of unhealthy tissues. These methods proved to be particularly efficient in the diagnosis of aggressive tumors like high grade gliomas. However, constrained by their important need in computational resources, these models cannot be realistically deployed on a large scale.In fact, their architecture becoming deeper with the improvement of their performances, their use and development entails significant material and energy costs as well as an important carbon dioxide emission. The optimization or replacement of these methods by solutions that are less dependent on the availability of high computational resources is thus critical. To respond to these problems, the compression of modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the creation of brain tumor segmentation applications on embedded systems is considered. Moreover, although many debates appeared concerning the efficiency of Deep Learning algorithms, some solutions based on Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are yet to be investigated in order to build fast and affordable medical image analysis systems.The objective of this work is thus to propose new ways to design medical image analysis systems, specifically for glioma tumors diagnosis. We aim to tackle the computational and energy cost issues of existing deep learning solutions to let their deployment be realistic in clinical settings. Hence, the first contribution presented in this manuscript firstly focuses on the adaptation of ANNs to devices with limited computational resources by the means of compression methods. Then, in a second contribution, non-trainable neural models for medical image analysis are investigated in order to respond to the cost problems induced by deep learning. Finally, our third contribution present a new method for the development of brain tumor diagnosis systems based on models of biological neurons
Besse, Sébastien. "Écoulement et transport convectif lors d’injections locales dans le tissu cérébral sain et tumoral : Quantifications par imagerie et développements prédictifs." Grenoble, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00555672.
Full textInvasive cerebral brain tumors still remain a challenging topic today, despite improvements with surgical debulking, radiotherapy and chemotherapy of the last twenty years. Solid tumors are dynamic systems that involve strong structural and vascular heterogeneities, and that can vary from one tumor to another. Drug delivery strategies in these neoplastic tissues (cerebral or not) are reported as critical issues for chemotherapy success, in particular because of the existence of intratumoral physiological skills that oppose to efficient delivery of the drugs through the overall tumor tissue. Local convective delivery known as Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED) has been reported as a promising technique to administrate through the intracerebral route clinically relevant volumes of therapeutic agents with high interstitial concentration levels while reducing the risks of systemic toxicity. We have quantified here the CED distribution of tracers in vitro during infusion and in vivo as post-infusion with two imaging modalities (NMR imaging and synchrotron radiation computed tomography). The in vitro data have been compared with a numerical model of flow and transport of the tracer. Eventually, these results are discussed by the light of theoretical models of the literature. To this day, the understanding and optimization of CED distributions of drugs in vivo during and after infusion remain a critical step for the treatment of cerebral brain tumors and require more efforts
Arnaud, Alexis. "Analyse statistique d'IRM quantitatives par modèles de mélange : Application à la localisation et la caractérisation de tumeurs cérébrales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM052/document.
Full textWe present in this thesis a generic and automatic method for the localization and the characterization of brain lesions such as primary tumor using multi-contrast MRI. From the recent generalization of scale mixtures of Gaussians, we reach to model a large variety of interactions between the MRI parameters, with the aim of capturing the heterogeneity inside the healthy and damaged brain tissues. Using these probability distributions we propose an all-in-one protocol to analyze multi-contrast MRI: starting from quantitative MRI data this protocol determines if there is a lesion and in this case the localization and the type of the lesion based on probability models. We also develop two extensions for this protocol. The first one concerns the selection of mixture components in a Bayesian framework. The second one is about taking into account the spatial structure of MRI data by the addition of a random Markov field to our protocol
Leh, Barbara. "Caractérisation par autofluorescence de tissus cérébraux tumoraux : mesures sur fantômes et modèle animal." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647327.
Full textVincent, Marion. "Measuring the effects of direct electrical stimulation during awake surgery of low grade glioma." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS054.
Full textThe ‘Awake brain surgery’ consists in removing some slow-growing infiltrative brain tumor (low grade glioma, LGG) in a patient, to delay its development while preserving the functions. An anatomo-functional mapping of the brain is performed by electrically stimulating brain areas near the tumor to discriminate functional versus nonfunctional areas. The inhibitory effects of this direct electrical stimulation (DES) are evidenced by the neuropsychological tests undergone by the patient during the tumor resection. However, the DES parameters are empirically set even though its use is standardised. Moreover, even if its behavioural effects are well known, its electrophysiological effects have been partially depicted.Preserving the relationship between electrophysiology (evoked potential, EP) and behaviour (function) is crucial in LGG surgery.Intra-operative electrocorticographic recordings (ECoG) of the brain activity were thus performed (CPP, n° ID-RCB : 2015-A00056-43). The electrophysiological effects of cortical and subcortical DES on brain activity have been highlighted, by assessing the response of the brain to the stimulation through EP recordings analysis. A new acquisition set-up has also been specifically developed for ECoG recordings in order to measure and eventually visualise the EP in real-time. Furthermore, a post-processing algorithm has been implemented to reduce the signal disturbances induced by the stimulation artefact.A better understanding of the underlying DES mechanisms, in particular through the measurement of electrophysiological responses, should enable designing more perfected protocols in order to improve the surgical planning, and quality of life of the patients
Pérès, Elodie. "Implication du système EPO/EPOR dans la croissance des glioblastomes et l'efficacité des traitements par chimiothérapie et radiothérapie : études in vitro et in vivo." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN3139.
Full textTo date, the therapeutic treatments of glioblastoma (GBM) are still disappointing. Hypoxia is a common feature of these brain tumors and has been identified as a major reason for a resistance to radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). Increasing evidences show that hypoxia-induced molecules could promote tumor growth as well as drug resistance. Therefore, decreasing the expression of such molecules might improve the therapeutical outcome of GBM. In this context, our work brought arguments underlining the importance of erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EPOR) in GBM growth. Indeed, by inhibiting the expression and functionality of the EPOR on different GBM cell lines, we showed the existence of an autocrine EPO / EPOR loop on these GBM cells and studied in vitro and in vivo the impact of this system on these cells. In vivo, the inhibition of EPOR expression on the tumoral cells leads to a decrease in the tumoral volume associated with an increase of animal survival by comparison to control animals. In vitro, our results show that the inhibition of EPOR expression on these cells leads to a G2/M cell cycle arrest and potentiates the mitotic death induced by RT or CT. In vivo, a strategy combining EPOR extinction on GBM cells and CT reduces the tumoral volume and improves the animal survival more successfully than CT treatment alone. Collectively, the results of these preclinical studies underline the importance of the EPOR in GBM growth and in their response to conventional therapies suggesting that inhibition of this receptor may improve such treatments
Walker, Marina. "Psychologie cognitive des processus d’attention sélective : fonctionnement, développement normal et dysfonctionnement chez des enfants traités pour une tumeur du cervelet." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21912/document.
Full textAttention can be defined as the act of focusing on something. We develop this cognitive function necessary to adjust our interactions with the world since birth.The general goal of this research is to understand the functioning of attentional processes through two questions: how attentional processes are developed in healthy children and how they are altered in children treated for a cerebellar tumor. This thesis specifically aims to study the dissociation between automatic and controlled processes of visual selective attention, firstly in normal cognitive development and secondly in their impairment in children treated for a cerebellar tumor. By incorporating in parallel a behavioral approach and an approach in functional imaging, this interdisciplinary work is at the crossroads of cognitive psychology, cognitive neuropsychology and cognitive neurosciences.This manuscript has two parts. The theory part is composed of three chapters: the functioning, the normal development and the deficits of attention in children treated for a cerebellar tumor. The experimental part includes two chapters. The first one concerns the attentional development in participants from seven years old to an adult age, with a behavioral approach using two experimental paradigms and an approach in functional imaging. The second chapter, with the help of this double approach, presents an alteration of attention in children treated for a posterior fossa tumor. The results showed on one side that automatic and controlled attentional processes were dissociated in their development at a behavioral and a functional level. And on the other side, the results revealed that although the automatic and controlled attentional processes are behaviorally preserved in children treated for a cerebellar tumor, they were subtended by a different modification of the functional network. Taken together these data suggest a distinct functioning of these processes in their normal development and their impairment in disease
Lagaert, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation de la croissance tumorale : estimation de paramètres d’un modèle de croissance et introduction d’un modèle spécifique aux gliomes de tout grade." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14308/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with mathematical modeling of tumor growth. Firstly, we present a parameter estimation method. More precisely, it consists in recovering the position of the tumor blood vessel, starting from imaging. The first step is to design a particular vascularization, then we compute the tumor growth with this blood-vessel network by using a model based on partial differential equations and hence we try to recover the initial vascularization solving the inverse problem. We show that the estimated vasculature could be used to efficiently predict the future tumor growth. In the second part of this thesis, we introduce a class of models dedicated to glioma, adapted both to low grade and multiform glioblastoma. In order to take into account their specificities, we include mainly two effects in the model : on the one hand, the infiltrate behaviors of gliomas, and on the other hand, the impact of brain heterogeneity, of brain anisotropy and of brain geometry on the tumor growth. Our models allow us to evaluate the efficiency of anti-angiogenic drugs and to compare it with the effect of drugs inhibiting the invasion ability of glioma. The models have been implemented in 2D and 3D in actual geometry provided by an atlas
Mlynarski, Pawel. "Apprentissage profond pour la segmentation des tumeurs cérébrales et des organes à risque en radiothérapie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4084.
Full textMedical images play an important role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Oncologists analyze images to determine the different characteristics of the cancer, to plan the therapy and to observe the evolution of the disease. The objective of this thesis is to propose efficient methods for automatic segmentation of brain tumors and organs at risk in the context of radiotherapy planning, using Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. First, we focus on segmentation of brain tumors using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) trained on MRIs manually segmented by experts. We propose a segmentation model having a large 3D receptive field while being efficient in terms of computational complexity, based on combination of 2D and 3D CNNs. We also address problems related to the joint use of several MRI sequences (T1, T2, FLAIR). Second, we introduce a segmentation model which is trained using weakly-annotated images in addition to fully-annotated images (with voxelwise labels), which are usually available in very limited quantities due to their cost. We show that this mixed level of supervision considerably improves the segmentation accuracy when the number of fully-annotated images is limited.\\ Finally, we propose a methodology for an anatomy-consistent segmentation of organs at risk in the context of radiotherapy of brain tumors. The segmentations produced by our system on a set of MRIs acquired in the Centre Antoine Lacassagne (Nice, France) are evaluated by an experienced radiotherapist
Lefevre, Philippe. "Tumeurs cérébrales primitives de l'enfant : expérience du service de cancérologie de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23088.
Full textGerault, Aurélie. "Stratégies d'optimisation de la radiothérapie pour les glioblastomes : évaluations in vitro et in vivo." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN3151.
Full textDespite treatment combining surgery and radio-/chemotherapy, the prognosis for glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains poor and GBM invariably recur. Radiotherapy (RT) is still the most clinically effective treatment modality; however, it is only palliative, since GBM-associated hypoxia is a major resistance mechanism. Therefore, several strategies are currently being developed to improve RT, such as: 1/ novel approaches to enhance the RT efficacy on tumour cells while preserving healthy tissue; 2/ adjuvant molecular strategy to increase the tumour cells radiosensitivity. In this context, we showed, on different GBM cell lines, an improved biological efficacy of hadrontherapy with carbon ions in comparison to conventional X-ray RT while the astrocytic viability seems unaffected by both types of radiation. In addition, several GBM cell lines exhibiting a hypoxia-mediated radioresistance with conventional X-rays were also resistant to carbon ion based therapy. In order to identify new molecular targets to optimize RT efficacy for GBM, adjuvant therapies targeting hypoxia-dependent molecules could be of interest. We showed on GBM models (in vitro and in vivo) that the inhibition or attenuation of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) functionality on GBM cells not only slows the tumour growth but also increases their radiosensitivity. These adjuvant strategies targeting EPOR could limit the dose of RT delivered to the brain and thus minimize potential damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. Overall of these data suggest that EPOR could be a potential target to overcome therapeutic resistance toward ionising radiation for GBM
Beaumont, Marine. "Développements en imagerie RMN spirale et application à la caractérisation de la perméabilité de la barrière hémato-encéphalique sur deux modèles de tumeurs intracérébrales." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10259.
Full textThe results presented in this work were obtained as part of methodological developments in magnetic resonance imaging. First of all, the setting of the rapid imaging technique using a k-space sampling scheme along a variable density spiral is described. Numerical simulations were used to optimize the acquisitions parameters and to compare different reconstruction techniques. An original approach to calibrate the k-space trajectory was proposed. Then, spiral imaging was used to implement a method to measure the blood brain barrier permeability to Gd-DOTA. This protocol was combined to blood volume and vessel size index measurements using Sinerem®. The results obtained highlighted differences between the microvascular parameters measured on C6 and RG2 tumor models. The presence of Sinerem® induces a mean decrease of the transfer constant across the vascular wall (Ktrans), in the tumor, of 24%. This study also showed extravasation of the Sinerem®, during the first two hours after the product injection, only in the RG2 tumors
Bellail, Anita. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de l'angiogenèse induits par l'hypoxie. Application à l'ischémie et aux tumeurs cérébrales." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2026.
Full textBeccaria, Kévin. "Evaluation de la diffusion intracérébrale des drogues antinéoplasiques après ouverture de la barrière hémato-encéphalique induite par ultrasons : Application aux gliomes malins de l’enfant Brainstem Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Enhanced Drug Delivery with an Unfocused Ultrasound Device – A Preclinical Study in Healthy and Tumor-Bearing Mice Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption for the Treatment of Gliomas and other Primary CNS Tumors Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption with Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound for the Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Review and Perspectives." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS044.
Full textHigh-grade gliomas represent about 15% of pediatric brain tumors. No progress has been made in the treatment of these tumors during the last decades, and their prognosis remains dismal. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a major role in the failure of medical treatments since it prevents most molecules to reach the brain, thus limiting the delivery of antineoplastic drugs to brain tumors. Disruption of the BBB (BBBD) with low intensity pulsed ultrasound in association with intravenous microbubbles is a technique that allows for safe, transient, and localized opening of the BBB. In this thesis, we confirmed the capacity of a new microbubble contrast agent to induce BBBD with ultrasound. We showed that opening of the BBB in the brainstem is possible with a nonfocused ultrasound device (SonoCloud®), in both healthy mice and a murine model of DIPG. We were able to increase irinotecan and panobinostat delivery in the brainstem of both healthy and tumor-bearing mice after BBBD, but we did not observe increased in overall survival. Preliminary studies have also been performed with checkpoints inhibitors and natural killer cells in a murine model of supra-tentorial high-grade glioma, but we were not able to increase survival in these models anymore. Finally, we prepared the first clinical trial that will evaluate the feasibility and tolerance of ultrasound-induced BBBD with the SonoCloud® device in the pediatric population. This trial will begin during the first semester of 2020
Monteil, Pascal. "Modifications de la semeiologie clinique des tumeurs cérébrales sus-tentorielles depuis l'introduction de la tomodensitométrie." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23035.
Full textBeaumont, Marine. "Développements en imagerie RMN spirale et application à la caractérisation de la perméabilité de la barrière hémato-encéphalique sur deux modèles de tumeurs intracérébrales." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201228.
Full textSoloh, Roaa. "Graphs and Binary Linear Programming for Natural Object Modeling in Computer Vision." Thesis, Normandie, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03867801.
Full textIn the digital world, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shapes are important for representing real objects. Their applications span a wide range of fields, including medical, engineering, and security, etc... Considering the aspect that 2D and 3D models are widespread and because graphs are strong mathematical modeling tools used in a variety of computer science domains. We aim to represent our input as graphs to benefit from the highly meaningful representation. In this thesis, we conduct two parts.The first part was related to the 3D models, where we addressed the problem of finding a superior one-to-one correspondence between the 3D models to obtain an optimal matching and retrieval. To do so, we detect feature points using the well-known 3D Harris detector, followed by proposing a combination of local shape descriptors to form a compact feature vector for the key points extracted that consist of Gaussian curvature, curvature index, and shape index. Then we model the matching problem as a combinatorial optimization problem solved using a brute-force approach and a Hungarian algorithm, comparing the efficiency between them. Our results were encouraging where despite the affine transformations between models, our descriptors were able to make efficient matching.In the same framework working with these 3D models, we used Gaussian weight to represent our weighted graph and use the binary linear programming to segment our meshes into regions, where we tend to maximize the modularity between vertices, these regions are represented by a single point for each, this ends up for a graph matching problem between the models, treated as a combinatorial optimization problem. In this special work, we add a mean curvature as a descriptor in addition to the obtained descriptor, which leads to better results. To obtain the one-to-one correspondence we tend to minimize the cost function between the graphs. The significance of this work was to extract the descriptors for much fewer points than the 3D Harris detector, yet obtain well-matching results.The idea of the second part came from the huge increase in the cancer disease diagnoses, in special cases the brain. And since early diagnosis will help to start treatment faster, in this part, we suggest making detection of the tumor generated automatically from Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) assisting the doctors. Using graph-based approach, our approach in this was to find an optimal way of pre-processing step to prepare the MRI which will be further represented as a weighted graph. By the use of an $\alpha$-expansion move from the Boykov-Kolmogorov algorithm and a post-processing step to fully conduct the tumor.By removing any artifacts from MRI and down-sampling it without affecting the resolution, an s/t graph cut was performed on the generated graph which represents the pixels as nodes and the difference of intensity as the weight of the edges. The cut obtained leads to an image segmentation, leading to some post-processing for conduct the tumor only. We evaluate our framework on two datasets of nearly 400 2D MRIs, and the results show a high accuracy, specificity, and precision
Stretton, Erin. "Simulation de modèles personnalisés de gliomes pour la planification de thérapies." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0064/document.
Full textTumor growth models based on the Fisher Kolmogorov (FK) reaction-diffusion equation have shown convincing results in reproducing and predicting the invasion patterns of glioma brain tumors. In this thesis we use different FK model formulations to i) assess the need of patient-specific DTIs when modeling LGGs, ii) study cancer cell infiltration after tumor resections, and iii) define a metric to determine progressive disease for low-grade glimoas (LGG).Diffusion tensor images (DTIs) have been suggested to model the anisotropic diffusion of tumor cells in brain white matter. However, patient specific DTIs are expensive and often acquired with low resolution, which compromises the accuracy of the tumor growth models' results. We used a FK formulation to describe the evolution of the visible boundary of the tumor to investigate the impact of replacing the patient DTI by i) an isotropic diffusion map or ii) an anisotropic high-resolution DTI atlas formed by averaging the DTIs of multiple patients. We quantify the impact of replacing the patient DTI using synthetic tumor growth simulations and tumor evolution predictions on a clinical case. This study suggests that modeling glioma growth with tissue based differential motility (not using a DTI) yields slightly less accurate results than using a DTI. However, refraining from using a DTI would be sufficient in situations when modeling LGGs. Therefore, any of these DTI options are valid to use in a FK formulation to model LGG growth with the purpose of aiding clinicians in therapy planning.After a brain resection medical professionals want to know what the best type of follow-up treatment would be for a particular patient, i.e., chemotherapy for diffuse tumors or a second resection after a given amount of time for bulky tumors. We propose a thorough method to leverage FK reaction-diffusion glioma growth models on post-operative cases showing brain distortions to estimate tumor cell infiltration beyond the visible boundaries in FLAIR MRIs. Our method addresses two modeling challenges: i) the challenge of brain parenchyma movement after surgery with a non-linear registration technique and ii) the challenge of incomplete post-operative tumor segmentations by combining two infiltration maps, where one was simulated from a pre-operative image and one estimated from a post-operative image. We used the data of two patients with LGG to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed three-step method. We believe that our proposed method could help clinicians anticipate tumor regrowth after a resection and better characterize the radiological non-visible infiltrative extent of a tumor to plan therapy.For LGGs captured on FLAIR/T2 MRIs, there is a substantial amount debate on selecting a definite threshold for size-based metrics to determine progressive disease (PD) and it is still an open item for the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Working Group. We propose an approach to assess PD of LGG using tumor growth speed estimates from a FK formulation that takes into consideration irregularities in tumor shape, differences in growth speed between gray matter and white matter, and volumetric changes. Using the FLAIR MRIs of nine patients we compare the PD estimates of our proposed approach to i) the ones calculated using 1D, 2D, and 3D manual tumor growth speed estimates and ii) the ones calculated using a set of well-established size-based criteria (RECIST, Macdonald, and RANO). We conclude from our comparison results that our proposed approach is promising for assessing PD of LGG from a limited number of MRI scans. It is our hope that this model's tumor growth speed estimates could one day be used as another parameter in clinical therapy planning
Serduc, Raphaël. "Effets de la radiothérapie par microfaisceaux synchrotron sur la microvascularisation cérébrale saine et tumorale chez la souris." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10279.
Full textMicrobeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a new form of radiosurgery of brain tumors which uses synchrotron generated X-rays. It is based on spatial fractionation of the incident dose into microbeams of few tenth of microns width. It allows very high dose deposition (few hundreds Gy) without inducing severe damages to normal brain tissue surrounding the lesion. Ln this work, we have shown that microbeam irradiation did not induce change in blood brain vessels parameters (capillary density, cerebral blood volume) during the 3 first months after irradiation delivered at 312 or 1000 Gy. The cerebral vascular network remained perfused at any time after exposition. A blood brain barrier breakdown has been observed between 12 h and 12 days after a 1000 Gy skin entrance dose. However, cerebral edema detected in the acute phase after irradiation and associated with an increase in cerebral water content, seemed to be rapidly resorbed. The absence of severe vascular damages may allow oxygen and nutriments supply to irradiated tissue and could explain the very high resistance of normal brain tissue to microbeam irradiation. One another hand, we have shown that MRT significantly increased the median survival time ofnude mice bearing 9L gliosarcomas in caudate. However, it appeared that MRT, used in our experimental conditions, did not present an important effect on tumor vessels. No change in tumoral blood volume and vessel size index (measured by MRI) could be detected after exposure. A significant increase in blood tumor vessels permeability, detected 24 h after irradiation, could be exploited to address specifically chemoagents to the tumor via the circula tory system. Irradiations parameters should be optimized to target tumor vascular network and to increase MRT therapeutic index
Delion, Matthieu. "La chirurgie éveillée chez l'enfant Specifities of awake craniotomy and brain mapping in children for resection of supratentorial tumours in the language areas." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0073.
Full textIntraoperative cortical and subcortical direct stimulation surgery while awake (CSCSSA) is rarely used to operate in functional areas of the brain in children. Only small series have been published regarding children. However, this procedure is considered to be a gold standard for identifying and preserving the eloquent cortical and subcortical sites. Indeed the child’s survival and the quality of life depend on the quality of the tumor resection. The unifying idea of my thesis was the transfer of the CSCSSA from adults to children.The first work of this thesis was to study the feasibility of the CSCSSA in children through our clinical experience. We also showed that CSCSSA could be applied in children in a safe way with good clinical and radiological results. Some precautions should also be observed, notably concerning the preparation of these young patients. The second step of this thesis was to evaluate the psychological impact of this kind of procedure in children, thanks to the cooperation of the child psychiatrists. The child’s experience was good in every case. None of our patients presented symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after the surgery. The third objective was to evaluate the use of resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) in children for the preoperative planning. We demonstrated not only the strong correlation between rsfMRI and brain electrical mapping, but also the superiority in terms of sensibility and specificity of rsfMRI compared to task based functional MRI. Indeed rsfMRI allowed us to isolate the attentional networks, which interfere with the results of task based functional MRI
Bayen, Eléonore. "L'aide informelle apportée aux personnes jeunes atteintes de handicap neurologique : analyse économique de quatre modèles neuro-pathologiques." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090022.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to achieve an economic analysis of informal caregiving of young adults living at home and suffering from a severe neurological disease. The research questions the relationship between the organization of informal care and kinetics of neurological pathology. The methodology is based on the construction of four neuro-pathological and economic models on the one hand, and on the constitution of four representative cohorts, each with a hundred pairs of "patients-caregivers" on the other. Thus, models of brutal disease stabilized with residual disability, progressive disease with increasing disability, fast kinetics disease and neuro-degenerative hereditary disease are respectively illustrated by traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, malignant brain tumor and Huntington's Disease. Our work (1) highlights the economic characteristics of informal caregivers (young spouses) who are highly involved in the production of care, expert of complex care and therapeutic pathways and destabilized in their professional careers (2) demonstrates that the kinetics of neurological disease predicts the economic behavior of informal caregivers : taking account of different time indicators is crucial for economic analysis in neurodisability (3) shows that a two-dimensional subjective and objective outcome measure is necessary in the analysis of the burden of informal caregivers. Such a double indicator first stresses the inadequate use of publicly funded professional care ; it also points out the impact of cognitive-behavioral disorders (so-called “invisible disability”) and of the home neuro-palliative phase on caregivers in case of a severe neurological disease. These results open perspectives for the development of public action measures in France in the complex field of neurological disability
Galanaud, Damien. "Exploration des tumeurs cérébrales par IRM multimodalitaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20688.
Full text121 intracranial tumors of various histologies (gliomas, lymphomas, metastases) were prospectively studied to determine the potential added value of a multimodal NMR approach combining conventional imaging, magnetic resonance spectrometry (MRS) at short (20 ms) and long (135 ms) echo time, diffusion and magnetization transfer imaging for the differential diagnosis of these lesions. In a first step, an univariate analysis of the data was performed to determine the parameters significantly different between groups. These parameters were secondarily used in multivariate analysis, performed using principal component (PCA) and discriminant analysis. PCA using only MRS data clearly separates gliomatosis cerebri and metastases from all other tumor types. Discriminant analysis performed using a combination of MRI and MRS data on strongly enhancing tumors correctly classifies 91% of the lesions as compared to 67% when this study is performed on MRS data only. Discriminant analysis performed on non and moderately contrast enhancing tumors correctly classifies 87% of the lesions as compared to 80% when this study is performed on MRS data only. The information provided by MRS is thus complementary to the one provided by MRI, and the combination of these two modalities has a better diagnostic value than each one taken separately
Padovani, Laëtitia. "Caractérisation moléculaire des tumeurs cérébrales circonscrites de l'enfant." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5018.
Full textThe OMS classification for pediatric brain tumors includes glial tumors and mixed glial and glioneuronal tumors, diffuse and no diffuse glioma. All strategic decision making are based on this current classification but it drives to some limits of diagnosis reproductibility.The goal of our study was to define molecular profils for low grade no diffuse pediatric brain tumors including pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), dysembryoplasic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), pleiomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) and benign gangliogliome (GG), to improve the quality of diagnosis, define different subgroups with different prognosis and then to improve treatment strategy decision making.No molecular difference was found between cortical grade II glioma (GC) and DNT regarding IDH1 and 2 TP53 alterations and 1p19q deletion. Similarly 50 % of no specific form of DNT share the same molecular profil with GC with CD34 expression and V600E mutation of BRAF. PXA demonstrated BRAFV600E mutation in 60 % of cases. PXA could then be very close glioneuronal tumors. Finally in PA we confirmed the negative impact of hypothalochiasmatic location, pilomyxoid diagnosis and age lower than 36 months and partial resection. We could work on the elaboration of a new classification and define the group named “Histone dependant” for tumors with histone aberrations and the group named “MAPKinases dependant” for tumors with either KIAA 1543-BRAF fusion or V600E BRAF mutation.In conclusion, this work has led to improve the molecular profil characteristics of glioneuronal tumors of childhood with different easy diagnostic markers that can be used in routine practice, and could potentially replace DNA sequencing
Fernandez, Carla. "Tumeurs cérébrales pédiatriques et développement : aspects anatomo-cliniques : astrocytomes pilocytiques et DNT [Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor] : aspects fondamentaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20685.
Full textKremer, Stéphane. "Évaluation de l'IRM de perfusion dans les tumeurs cérébrales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19002.
Full textEvaluation of perfusion MRI in cerebral tumors Tumoral angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumoral development and metastatic dissemination. In this work we tried to show the interest of perfusion MRI for noninvasive evaluation of brain tumour angiogenesis. We initially evaluated first pass perfusion MRI in human brain tumours. But this technique presents some limitations which can be suppressed by the use of Ultra Small Particle of Iron Oxide (USPIO) contrast agents, which authorize steady state perfusion MRI techniques. We tried to adapt these techniques to the evaluation of angiogenesis in human brain tumors. Steady state perfusion MRI techniques provide absolute values of cerebral blood volume and a vessel size index, and therefore could be of interest for the therapeutic follow-up of anti-angiogenic treatments. This is the subject of the third part of this work, in which we tried to evaluate by steady state perfusion MRI an antiangiogenic treatment on a rodent model of brain tumour
Veyrie, Marina. "Cartographie et prédiction des fonctions motrices et cognitives après résection d'une tumeur cérébelleuse au cours du développement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10257.
Full textCerebellar tumors are common in children, and the deficits encountered at diagnosis or after treatment are heterogeneous. The anatomical and functional bases of cerebellar functions are being increasingly studied, offering new insights into the cerebellum’s involvement in the developing motor and cognitive functions in humans. However, these studies, employing various techniques (neuroimaging, direct electrical stimulation), failed to reach a consensus regarding the involvement of different cerebellum regions in these functions. Whereas a few studies supported the dissociation between anterior and posterior cerebellum, involved in motor and cognition respectively, others supported the idea that a strict (anterior/posterior) dichotomy was not so clear (e.g. motor activity associated with both anterior and posterior cerebellum). The studies carried out in this thesis were based on anatomical data obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, clinical data (histological type of tumor, type of treatment, lesion volume), and neuropsychological data (motor and cognitive tests) from children who underwent cerebellum tumor resection. The aim was, for study 1; to investigate the cerebellum's correlates between cerebellar tumor lesions and motor and cognitive abilities and, for study 2; to understand how a child's cognitive performance at the time of diagnosis may influence post-treatment performance in these children. For the first study, we used voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) of the cerebellum to assess the causal relationships between tumor lesion location and post-operative motor and cognitive performance. To this end, we performed lesion tracing on preoperative MRI scans of 45 patients with cerebellar lesions, and postoperative neuropsychological tests to measure motricity (manual dexterity, ataxia) and cognition (general intelligence efficiency) at 4 years post-surgery. The results showed greater motor and cognitive deficits in children with lesions of the posterior cerebellum (such as lobules VIIIa and IX for motricity; VIIIa and VIIIb for cognition). This suggests that the entire cerebellum is involved in motor and cognitive functions. The second, longitudinal, study highlights the evolution of motor and cognitive abilities or deficits over time. Children with cerebellar tumor lesions were evaluated at the time of diagnosis (n=15) and 6 months (n=9) and 18 months (n=5) after surgical and/or drug treatment, using neuropsychological tests (motor skills, intelligence, executive functions and quality of life). According to the cognitive reserve hypothesis (the brain's ability to use its resources to compensate and maintain its functions), we wanted to test whether cognition before surgery could predict post-surgery deficits. The results showed that children with higher preoperative intelligence performed better postoperatively, and that this effect was mediated by age. Taken together, these studies allowed to test the hypotheses that the anterior and posterior part of the cerebellum are both involved in motor and cognitive functions, but also that the pre-surgery cognition is predictive of post-operative recovery. These results are not only important at the fundamental level but are also essential for improving the care of these children, particularly through early intervention with precise and targeted rehabilitation protocols
Jost, Jean-Brice. "Tumeurs cérébrales non rehaussées en TDM et IRM : aspects diagnostiques et évolutifs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M176.
Full textRatel, David Marcel Jean. "Mécanismes moléculaires des voies anti-angiogéniques dans les tumeurs cérébrales humaines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE19009.
Full textAngiogenesis plays a fundamental role in solid tumor growth and is associated to a poor prognostic in glioma (. . . ) Objectives of my studies are multiple : determine endostatin and angiostatin concentrations in human glioma and meningioma, demonstrate the presence of anti-endostatin antibodies in sera of patients with cancer, determine the anti-tumoral and antiangiogenic effects of Neovastatâ (Shark cartilage extract) and study transcriptional changes induced in human umbilical vein endothelial cell by human endostatin and Neovastatâ using microarray method (. . . ) With regards to control of this process, our results demonstrate a large efficacy of Neovastatâ
Lambert, de Cremeur Gilles. "La gliomatose cérébrale : observation anatomo-Clinique d'un cas et revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M176.
Full textBrigger-Guilbert, Irène. "Un nouveau vecteur nanoparticulaire pour le ciblage des tumeurs cérébrales." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114828.
Full textMarouani, Bechir. "Résultats de la chirurgie des gliomes cérébraux." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1U866.
Full textKhotanlou, Hassan. "Segmentation 3D de tumeurs et de structures internes du cerveau en IRM." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003662.
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