Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tumeur des cellules de la granulosa'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Tumeur des cellules de la granulosa.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
QUINTIN, BRIGITTE. "Tumeurs juveniles a cellules de la granulosa de l'ovaire : a propos de deux observations cliniques et revue de la litterature." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M125.
Full textBessière, Laurianne. "Exploration génomique et fonctionnelle des tumeurs des cellules de la granulosa ovarienne." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC308.
Full textFemale gametes consist of an oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells. These can form ovarial granulosa cells tumors (GCT). Two types of tumors are described: the adult form (95% of cases AGCT) or juvenile (JGCT). The AGCTs feature a FOXL2 mutation p. C134W, found in 95% o cases; no genetic marker is set for JGCTs. My PhD work was divided into two areas, according to the two types of tumors. The first was th search for a common genetic marker to JGCTs. We used a global approach to characterize th tumors and candidate genes approach, oriented towards the PI3K / AKT / mTOR pathway. W identified duplications in phase in the AKT1 protein in 60% of our samples. We they characterized the mutant proteins of AKT1: they are enriched in the membrane, under hyper phosphorylated and hyper-active form and give cells a shaggy membrane phenotype. We have also found point mutations, different from one tumor to another. The activity of these mutation remains to be characterized, as it is unclear why the found duplications are specific JGCTs. The second focus of the work was to better understand the mechanisms of action of the C134V mutation FOXL2. We have created a cell- tool containing a copy of our gene of interest unde wild or mutated form, at a specific and unchanging locus. The objective is to determine if tht mutation C134W influences the binding of the protein to DNA or affect the interaction witl partners
Dutertre, Martin. "Oncogenèse ciblée dans les gonades de souris transgéniques et établissement de lignées de cellules de Sertoli exprimant l'hormone anti-müllerienne (amh) : Contribution à l'étude de la régulation de la production d'amh." Paris11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T027.
Full textHUSSON, CHAPPUIS CATHERINE. "La tumeur de la granulosa juvenile : a propos de 6 observations." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M371.
Full textCHETAIL, NADINE. "Tumeur de la granulosa de type juvenile chez le nourrisson de moins de 2 ans : a propos de 3 cas et revue de la litterature." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M077.
Full textOnadja, Albert Désiré. "Les tumeurs de la granulosa : à propos de sept observations." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M008.
Full textBonnemaire, Martine de Thoisy. "Contribution à l'étude des tumeurs de la granulosa : à propos d'une forme non sécrétante." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11258.
Full textLEDREUX, DIDIER. "Syndrome de demons-meigs : a propos d'un cas avec tumeur ovarienne de la granulosa." Amiens, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AMIEM110.
Full textCHEVIRON, PHILIPPE. "Les tumeurs a cellules granuleuses ou tumeurs d'abrikossoff de l'oesophage." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3102.
Full textDouville, Gabriel. "Étude de l'expression génique dans les cellules de granulosa bovines provenant de différents statuts folliculaires et dans les cellules de granulosa humaines provenant de différents protocoles de stimulation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29859/29859.pdf.
Full textThis master’s thesis focused on the analysis of follicle growth in the ovary of both cows and humans. Genes’ transcription in follicular granulosa cells indicates which molecular mechanisms are modulated in the follicle. The first part of this project, in bovine, aimed to determine the transcriptomic profile of medium-sized follicles, between 6-9 mm, belonging to the follicular phase containing the most competent oocytes. In the human facet, the impact of hCG administration, a pre-ovulatory hormone, was evaluated at the transcriptomic level in a stimulated cycle. For the first time, genic indicators are specifically associated to three key phases of follicular development, especially the plateau phase, or early atresia, which correspond to an enhanced competence of the oocyte to produce an embryo. These results are an important step towards further defining the molecular mechanisms at work during follicular development, or folliculome.
Roussie, Martine. "Liaison et activité biologiques des hormones gonadotropes aux cellules de granulosa humaines in vitro." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR3805.
Full textLIPSZYC, HERVE. "Tumeur a cellules geantes chez l'enfant : a propos d'un cas." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM099.
Full textFurger, Christophe, and Jean-Paul Rousseau. "Communication intercellulaire et signaux de transduction dans les cellules de la granulosa humaine." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066327.
Full textLoup, Philippe. "La tumeur bronchique a cellules granuleuses : a propos de 4 nouveaux cas." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU31215.
Full textCANEPA, PATRIZIA. "Les tumeurs a cellules granuleuses de localisation tracheo-bronchique." Amiens, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AMIEM030.
Full textDELARUE, BENEDICTE. "Etude des messagers de l'aromatase de lapin dans les cellules de granulosa en culture." Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN2003.
Full textParinaud, Jean. "Regulation de la steroidogenese des cellules de la granulosa humaine : aspects physiologiques et pharmacologiques." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30181.
Full textBenifla, Jean-Louis. "Apoptose des cellules de la granulosa au cours de l'assistance médicale à la procréation." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066268.
Full textTHOR, RASOKA. "Tumeurs a cellules granuleuses d'abrikossof de localisation bronchique : a propos d'un cas clinique." Reims, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REIMM128.
Full textGervais, Alban. "Utilisation des cellules dendritiques comme cellules présentatrices d'antigènes de tumeur à des fins d'éducation lymphocytaire in vitro." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10087.
Full textMaqdasy, Salwan. "Implication de "Liver X Receptors" dans la physiopathologie des gonades." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22713/document.
Full textSterility affects 15 % of French population and its prevalence is propagating since four or five decades. Many human physiological and epidemiological arguments support the impact of lipid homeostasis on the gonads; indeed, cholesterol is a key regulator of steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms remain hidden. Liver X receptors alpha and beta (LXRα and β) belong to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and are activated upon binding to oxysterols. LXRs are mainly implicated in cholesterol homeostasis. Increasing bulk of literature identified these non-steroid nuclear receptors as major regulators of the gonad physiology. This work uncovers previously unidentified putative roles of LXRs and ability of cholecterol excess to alter male and female germ cell maturation. Herein, we analyse a new mouse strain (Lxrαϐ-/-:AMHLxrϐ) re-expressing LXRβ under control of AMH promoter (specific to Sertoli in testis and granulosa cells in ovary) in a background of Lxrαϐ-/- mouse. Our results identify LXRs as primordial to maintain male and female fertility. They have pleotropic « non-classical » roles ranging from lipid homeostasis to the regulation of germ cell maturation and bi-directional control of steroid synthesis. If the cellular defects in the absence of LXRs within the testis are significant, they are generally compensated and consequently, single cell compartment is tolerated. Unlike the testis, LXRβ in the granulosa cells is « the regulator » of multiple mechanisms essential for follicle maturation, ovocyte survival and for controlled ovulation. LXRβ is therefore a potnetial target to regulate female fertility and to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Our results open the perspectives for the identification of new diagnostic and/or prognostic markers in both male and female fertility
COHEN, LE FOLL ANNIE. "Les tumeurs a cellules granuleuses de l'hypophyse : a propos de deux observations." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20135.
Full textBoulet, Delphine. "Etude des voies de recrutement des cellules dendritiques dans une tumeur solide." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30225.
Full textLe concept d’immunosurveillance postule que le système immunitaire inné et adaptatif élimine les tumeurs naissantes. Cependant, le développement de tumeurs est associé à des modifications importantes du stroma qui, par des mécanismes multiples, inhibent la réponse immunitaire en affectant notamment le recrutement et la fonction des cellules dendritiques (DC). Mon projet de thèse vise à préciser comment l’environnement tumoral affecte les mécanismes et les voies de recrutement des DC dans les tumeurs et leurs fonctions. Tout d’abord, nous avons déterminé si la composition en DC du tissu d’implantation affecte l’immunogénicité tumorale. Nous avons montré que les tumeurs implantées dans le derme (i.d.), un environnement riche en DC dermales (DDC), induisent une réponse anti-tumorale protectrice. En revanche, une même tumeur transplantée dans le tissu sous-cutané (s.c.), contenant principalement des monocytes, n’est pas rejetée. Le rejet des tumeurs i.d. est associé à un recrutement précoce et rapide des DC dans la tumeur (dès 2 jours post-injection) et une migration, dans les ganglions drainants (dLN), de DC qui présentent les antigènes tumoraux (TAA) aux lymphocytes T (LT) CD4+ et CD8+. Dans les tumeurs s.c. ces événements sont présents mais retardés. Ceci indique que la cinétique de mobilisation des DC est déterminante pour l’immunogénicité tumorale
Diouf, Mame Nahé. "Analyse de l'expression de gènes induits dans les cellules de granulosa du follicule ovulatoire bovin." [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1155571611&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1191512007&clientId=48948.
Full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 4 oct. 2007). "Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en Sciences vétérinaires (option Reproduction)" Paraît aussi en version papier et en version microforme.
Graveleau, Christophe. "Caractérisation pharmacologique et moléculaire du récepteur de la sérotonine des cellules de la granulosa humaine." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T060.
Full textThe serotonin (5-HT) is present in the human follicular fluid (Bodis J 1992) and stimulates the production of progesterone from the human granulosa lutein cells or HGLC (Bodis J 1993) by an unknown mechanism. The project attributed to me consisted of characterizing the action of 5-HT on HGLC. Sequence data revealed the presence by HGLC of the entire mRNA specifie of the h5-HT7 receptor. Northem analysis confirmed a transcription ofh5-HT7 receptor from HGLC, with a rate inversely proportional to the duration of culture. I could also demonstrated the presence of the three splice variants h5-HT7a, h5-HT7b and h5-HT7ct using RT-PCR and Southem blotting. The adenylate cyclase assay on HGLC membrane preparation revealed an enzymatic stimulation obtained with agonists classified below in a rank order of affinity : 5-CT (pECso = 9,49 ± 0,20) > 5-MT (pEC5o = 8,09 ± 0,50);::: 5-HT (pEC50 = 7,97 ± 0,18) and an inhibition of 5-HT-stimulation with mianserin, clozapine, amoxapine, butaclamol and loxapine. This data, confirmed by cAMP assay directly on cells, demonstrates the functional presence of h5-HT7 receptor on hGLC. A negative regulation of 5-HT on hCG stimulated cAMP production could be demonstrated on the HGLC. Further, I demonstrated a high concentration of 5-HT-binding sites (Bmax = 3,41 pmol mg-1) on membrane from hGLC with pK0 = 9,48 and pK1 = 9,49 similar to the constant of the h5-HT7 receptor. A synergism with the ANP on 5-HT-stimulated progesterone production from HGLC was also observed. In conclusion, I have demonstrated within the HGLC, the presence of the h5-HT7 a, h5-HT7b and h5-HT7d , receptors that, once activated, trigger off the adenylate cyclase stimulation, cAMP production and progesterone production by cultured hGLC. This results assign for the first time an ovarian steroidogenic role to the 5- HT7 receptor
Georges, Adrien. "FOXL2 et ses co-facteurs dans la fonction ovairienne." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077036.
Full textFOXL2 is a central transcription factor in granulosa cells differenciation and function. Several transcriptomic studies have shown that it regulates a great number of genes involved in various cellular processes, and a single specific somatic mutation of FOXL2 (p. C134W) is found in virtually ail adult-type granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. We have found that FOXL2 is highly regulated through post-translational modification and that its SUMOylation-dependent recruitment to PML Nuclear Bodies is required for its function. We identified 11 new proteins interacting with FOXL2, and we observed that FOXL2 and some of its partners could synergistically induce apoptosis. The pro-oncogenic mutation of FOXL2, however, induces a loss of FOXL2 ability to synergize with pro-apoptotic partners. A large part of FOXL2 partners are proteins belonging to the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. We therefore tried to determine whether FOXL2 could play a general role in determining nuclear receptor transcriptional targets. We observed that FOXL2 was required for NR2C1, ESR1, ESR2 and AR regulation of more than half of their targets, whereas it was rather unnecessary for NR5A1 to regulate its targets. We observed in addition that FOXL2 was necessary for the induction by estrogen of many genes, and that FOXL2 and ESR1 were co-recruited to a number of genomic sites. In total, FOXL2 appears as a major regulator of steroid signaling as well as pro-apoptotic signaling in granulosa cells
Derniame, Sophie. "Cancer du poumon / Réponse immunitaire locale - modulation tumeur dépendante." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0097_DERNIAME.pdf.
Full textLung cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in the world. Smoking is clearly the major cause of this pathology. The proliferation of tumor cells induces an inflammatory stromal reaction comprising numerous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In this study, four complementary approaches have been used to study the tumor-dependent modulation of the immune system : TCR Vβ repertoire usage in flow cytometry, TCRγ gene clonal rearrangements in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE/TTGE), tumor and healthy lung tissue infiltration as well as lymph nodes characteristics in immunohistology and cytokine production by RNA RT-PCR. The results obtained have demonstrated the oligoclonality of T-cells in the three types of tissues tested. A Vβ13. 1 clone and a gamma clone appeared to be specifics of epidermoid carcinoma. Similarly, two TCRγ clones appeared to be restricted to adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the CD3/TCR complex was clearly down regulated in tumors compared to healthy tissue or lymph nodes. Similarly, HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and β2 microglobuline, strongly expressed on healthy pneumocytes were nearly absent from tumor cells. Several cytokines with antagonistic effects were detected within tumoral tissue, especially TGFβ and IL-10, which favour tumor growth and TNFalpha and IFNγ which potentialize the anti-tumoral immune response. In conclusion, the clones identified in healthy lung tissue could be specific of early pre-tumoral lesions induced by tobacco smoke, and some of the clones appear to be tumor-specific. However, the immune system has been defeated by several mechanisms, including a decrease of the expression of partners of the immunological synapse and the production of antagonistic cytokines
Bretaudeau, Laurent. "Immunogenicite des corps apoptotiques tumoraux phagocites par des cellules dendritiques (doctorat immuno-cancerologie)." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT15VS.
Full textOlivier, Magali. "Etude de la fonctionnalité du suppresseur de tumeur p53 dans les cellules tumorales." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20045.
Full textLegault, Sylvie. "Étude in vitro des voies de signalisation impliquées dans la stéroïdogenèse des cellules de granulosa bovines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ41943.pdf.
Full textGilbert, Isabelle. "Étude de l'expression génique dans les cellules de la granulosa bovine durant la période pré-ovulatoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28113/28113.pdf.
Full textCales, Valérie. "Oncocytomes rénaux et tumeurs rénales à cellules éosinophiles." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23025.
Full textREMY, DOMINIQUE. "Tumeurs testiculaires a cellules de leydig : a propos de quatre observations et revue de la litterature." Amiens, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AMIEM065.
Full textAndrieu, Thomas. "Etude comparative des éléments régulateurs du promoteur II du gène de l'aromatase dans les cellules de granulosa et les cellules lutéales de lapine." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2024.
Full textThe LH surge induces ovulation and luteinization by a modification of the transcritpion rate of several genes of which aromatase gene (cyp19). The decrease of cyp19 trancrit level that is observed in vivo in Rabbit after the LH surge suggests that this gonadotropin could modulate the activity of the ovarian promoter (PII) of cyp19 through cAMP. We showed with transfection and directed mutagenesis experiments that « cAMP responsive element like sequence » (CLS) is the major functional site in granulosa cells. However, the cAMP dependent PII activity depends also on the complementary action of CLS with other unknown sites. A comparison of PII activities in granulosa and small luteal cells underlines a 50 % decrease consecutive to the LH surge. We demonstrated by western-blot that the factor CREB is expressed in granulosa cells as well as in luteal cells. By EMSA we also showed that CREB is able to bind to CLS in both cell types. On the other hand, the SF-1/LRH-1 binding sites NREA and NREB are not functional in follicular cells whereas SF-1 and LRH-1 proteins are expressed. The preservation of CLS functionality in luteal cells suggests that the additional sites play an important role during the post-LH surge down regulation of cyp19 transcription. Lastly, we show that a second mechanism of inhibition of the transcription could imply estradiol. Indeed, estradiol counterbalances the cAMP effect in luteal cells. Western-blot experiments suggest that the steroid probably acts via the β receptor. Our study describes mechanisms that control cyp19 expression in granulosa cells compared to luteal cells
Bodic, Olivier. "Tumeur à cellules granuleuses colo-rectales : revue de la littérature à propos d'un cas." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT034M.
Full textBailet, Olivier. "Étude de la protéine tyrosine kinase Syk, un nouveau suppresseur de tumeur dans la transformation des mélanocytes en mélanome." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4051.
Full textLoss of tumor suppressive pathways that control cellular senescence is a crucial step in malignant transformation. Spleen tyrosine kinase (syk) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that has been recently implicated in tumor suppression of melanoma, a deadly skin cancer deriving from pigments-producing melanocytes. However, the mechanism by which syk suppresses melanoma growth remains unclear. Here we report that re-expression of syk in melanoma cells induces a p53-dependent expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and a senescence program. We first observed that syk expression is lost in a subset of melanoma cell lines, primarily by dna methylation mediated gene silencing and restored after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. We analysed the significance of epigenetic inactivation of syk and found that reintroduction of syk in melanoma cells dramatically reduces clonogenic survival and three-dimensional tumor spheroid growth and invasion. Remarkably, melanoma cells re-expressing syk display hallmarks of senescent cells, including reduction of proliferative activity and dna synthesis, large and flattened morphology, senescence-associated beta galactosidase activity and heterochromatic foci. This phenotype is accompanied with hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and accumulation of p21, which depends on functional p53. Futhermore, we showned that the proteins nck 1/2 are new effectors of syk in melanoma cells. Our results highlight a new role for syk tyrosine kinase in regulating cellular senescence and identify syk-mediated senescence as a novel tumor suppressor pathway whose inactivation may contribute to melanoma tumorigenicity
Forges, Thierry. "Etude de l'expression de la sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) dans les cellules de la granulosa humaines." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN11310.
Full textMasson, Karine. "Culture des cellules de la granulosa : intérêts et difficultés dans la pratique de la fécondation "in vitro"." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P236.
Full textLe, Bellego Frédérique. "Rôle de la laminine dans le contrôle des fonctions des cellules de granulosa dans l'ovaire de brebis." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR4007.
Full textFrançois, Charlotte. "Rôles respectifs des oestrogènes et des gonadotropines sur la pathogenèse des tumeurs ovariennes de la granulosa et sur l'activité de l'ovaire avant la puberté." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC059.
Full textThe granulosa cell tumors are rare and aggressive. Recurrences may appear more than 10 years after the removal of the primary tumor, causing the death of 80% of patients. This disease is accompanied by hyperestrogenism in 70% of cases. The first part of my thesis shows that E2 limit spreading of metastases from granulosa cell tumors. Indeed, in vitro studies on cell lines-derived from a primary tumor of human granulosa (C0V434) or from metastases (KGN) highlight that E2 did not affect their proliferation, but significantly reduces the capacity of migration and invasion of KGN cells. This effect is caused by a rapid non-genomic mechanism that inhibits the activity of ERK1 / 2 via the GPER receptor (François et al. , 2015). The "mini-puberty", present in mammals after birth, is characterized by very high amounts of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and E2. This early activation of the hypothalamic—pituitary—gonadal axis occurs at a time when the ovary contains growing follicles. The second part of my thesis shows that high levels of FSH in infantile period are essential to optimize the production of E2 by the follicles white blocking their growth and protecting them from premature maturation. Indeed, in vivo and ex vivo studies highlight that high concentrations of FSH provide significant production of E2 by increasing the expression of aromatase, but that they have no more action on the induction of the expression of cyclin D2, a key factor in the proliferation of granulosa cells (François et al. , in preparation)
RAMAMONJISOA, JACQUES. "A propos d'une tumeur d'abrikossoff (ou a cellules granuleuses) de la paroi thoracique operee sous videothoracoscopie." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF1M035.
Full textHEBRARD, CHRISTOPHE. "La tumeur a cellules de merkel : etude a propos d'un cas et revue de la litterature." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31178.
Full textCaussinus, Emmanuel. "Croissances tumorales induites par l'altération des divisions asymétriques de cellules souches chez la Drosphile." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30208.
Full textLoss of cell polarity and cancer are tightly correlated, but a causative relationship has remained elusive. In stem cells, polarity loss and the resulting impairment of asymmetric cell division could bring about cell-fate alterations that could render one or the two daughters unable to respond to the mechanisms that control proliferation in the wild-type lineage. To test this hypothesis we have generated Drosophila larval neuroblasts that are mutant for different genes that control the asymmetric cell-division machinery and assayed their proliferative potential upon transplantation into adult hosts. We have found that pieces of larval brains carrying pins, mira, numb or pros mutant neuroblasts can grow over a hundred-fold the size of the implant, invading other tissues, and killing the hosts in less than three weeks. These tumors become immortal and can be re-transplanted into new hosts for years. Genome instability and centrosome alterations, two frequent traits of malignant carcinomas, are kept at wild-type levels during the initial stages of development in these tumors. However, six weeks after the first transplantation they affect at least 10% of the cells in all tumor lines. Growing evidence strongly suggests that the origin of some tumors may be a cancerogenic stem cell. Our results show that loss of function of any single one of several genes that control the cell-fate asymmetry of stem-cells daughters may result in over-proliferation of this lineage, triggering a chain of events that subverts cell homeostasis in a very general sense, and leads to cancer
Peyvandi, Sanam. "Les cellules Myéloïdes Dans le Microenvironnement Tumoral : Rôle de FasL." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968103.
Full textBEAUTEMPS, GUY. "Les tenosynovites nodulaires hemopigmentees de la main : des tumeurs a cellules geantes." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M222.
Full textLandry, David, and David Landry. "Caractérisation de la transcriptomique des cellules de la granulosa en fonction de la compétence ovocytaire chez le bovin." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31530.
Full textAu cours des dernières décennies, les stratégies de reproduction chez la vache ont été progressivement améliorées grâce au développement des techniques de reproduction assistées. L’intégration de la sélection génomique à la stimulation ovarienne et du transfert d’embryons a considérablement amplifié le taux de reproduction des animaux et le gain génétique chez la vache laitière. L’utilisation de jeunes donneuses d’ovocytes dans les programmes de sélection génomique est aussi une méthode efficace afin d’accélérer les gains génétiques en diminuant le temps entre les générations. Même si les techniques de reproduction assistées utilisées chez les vaches adultes sont possibles chez les génisses prépubères sans aucun effet néfaste, la compétence au développement des ovocytes est significativement plus faible. De plus, la variabilité individuelle chez les donneuses en réponse au traitement hormonal demeure élevée. L’hypothèse de cette thèse stipule que le patron d’expression des gènes des cellules de la granulosa est associé avec les performances reproductives et le statut de différenciation du follicule chez les vaches ayant suivi une stimulation ovarienne. Des génisses et vaches laitières âgées de 5 mois jusqu’à 9 ans ont suivi un protocole de stimulation ovarienne avec une période de coasting de 19, 30, 44 ou 54 h dans un environnement commercial contrôlé. Les ovocytes collectés ont été fécondés in vitro et les cellules de la granulosa aspirées lors de la récolte ont été purifiées et congelées à -80 °C avant l’extraction de l’ARN pour chaque animal individuel. Au cours de nos travaux, nous avons identifié l’âge (5 à 10 mois) à laquelle les ovocytes des génisses sont significativement moins compétents que les vaches sexuellement matures. Nous avons aussi observé une grande variabilité dans la compétence développementale des ovocytes chez les vaches à la suite de la stimulation ovarienne et du coasting. Les analyses de l’expression des gènes des cellules de la granulosa ont été faites avec des micropuces à ADN en utilisant différents contrastes dans le but d’explorer les voies géniques associées avec les bonnes et les mauvaises donneuses d’ovocytes ou en fonction de l’âge des donneuses d’ovocytes. Tout d’abord, la variabilité interindividuelle au traitement ovarien semble être principalement associée au degré de maturité ou de différenciation du follicule lors de la récolte des ovocytes, ce qui explique les différences de compétence au développement des ovocytes de chacun des animaux étudiés. De plus, nous avons observé des signes de déficience nutritionnelle chez les animaux grâce au niveau de l’expression des gènes dans les cellules de la granulosa des donneuses d’ovocytes incompétents ce qui peut associer en partie la variabilité interindividuelle et l’alimentation des animaux. Grâce à l’utilisation de la méta-analyse, nous avons créé un plan de l’expression des gènes des cellules de la granulosa suivant le déclin ou le retrait de FSH. De plus, nous avons identifié des biomarqueurs spécifiques afin d’évaluer le degré de différenciation des follicules lors de la stimulation ovarienne. Finalement, nos recherches ont permis de démontrer une expression aberrante des gènes associés avec une concentration basale de l’hormone lutéinisante (LH) chez les donneuses d’ovocyte prépubères. De plus, nous avons démontré une plus grande expression de biomarqueurs de l’atrésie folliculaire chez les jeunes donneuses, ce qui suggère que les follicules entrent en atrésie plus rapidement chez les génisses lors du coasting, probablement due à une insuffisance du niveau de LH basale. Pour conclure, nos résultats vont fournir à l’industrie un outil diagnostique qui va permettre d’évaluer le statut folliculaire lors de la récolte des ovocytes dans le but d’ajuster la prochaine stimulation ovarienne. Nous présentons un nouveau concept, la capacitation du follicule, qui fait référence à la période après le déclin ou de retrait de la FSH dans laquelle le follicule prépare sa machinerie moléculaire pour le pic de LH et l’ovulation. Les résultats de cette thèse améliorent nos connaissances fondamentales de l’expression des gènes des cellules de la granulosa lors de la période d’acquisition de la compétence développementale de l’ovocyte chez le bovin
In the past few decades, the reproductive strategies in bovine have been drastically improved by the development of assisted reproductive technologies. The incorporation of embryo transfer and ovarian stimulation to genomic selection has considerably increased the reproduction rate of high genetic merit animals and the genetic gain in dairy cattle. The use of oocytes from younger donors in such programs is a great opportunity to accelerate the genetic gain by compressing the time between generations. Although the use of the same assisted reproductive technologies applied to sexually mature cows is possible in prepubertal heifers without any detrimental effect on subsequent reproductive performance, their oocyte developmental competence is significantly lower. Moreover, the variability associated to the ovarian treatment remains high in both pre- and post-pubertal animals. In this thesis we hypothesize that the gene expression patterns in granulosa cell is associated with subsequent reproductive performance after ovarian stimulation in cattle and provide information about the follicle differentiation status. A large number of Holstein heifers and cows aged from 5 months to 9 years of age underwent ovarian stimulation followed by a coasting period of 19, 30, 44 or 54h in a controlled commercial environment. Collected oocytes were fertilized in vitro and granulosa cells from the aspiration media were collected, purified and keep at -80 oC before RNA extraction for each animal. In this thesis we identified that oocytes from animal aged between 5 and 10 months of age yielded fewer blastocysts compared to sexually mature animals. We also reported a high variability in oocyte developmental competence associated to the animal following ovarian stimulation and coasting. The transcriptomes of granulosa cells recovered with the oocytes were analyzed using microarrays in different contrasts to explore the gene expression associated with donors of low oocyte competence compared to the donors of good oocyte competence or with donors from different ages. To begin with, inter-individual variability is mainly associated to the difference in follicle maturity at the time of oocyte collection and could explain differences in oocyte developmental competence in individual animals. Moreover, the nutritional deficiency signs have been shown in granulosa cells from donors of incompetent oocytes and from younger donors. By using meta-analysis, we were able to create a blueprint of the follicle gene expression following FSH decline in granulosa cells and to identify specific biomarkers to assess the follicle status and to create the tools in order to identify the degree of differentiation in follicle following ovarian stimulation and coasting. Finally, we discovered the multiple traits associated with basal concentration of luteinising hormone are more apparent in prepubertal donors. We also showed a higher expression of biomarkers of follicle atresia in younger donors, suggesting that follicle atresia occur more rapidly during coasting, resulting in lower oocyte developmental due to a possible insufficiency in basal LH in prepubertal donors. In conclusion, this thesis has provided important information to assess a follicle differentiation diagnosis in order to adjust the next ovarian stimulation and coasting. We defined the unique period following FSH decline and withdrawal as ‘follicle capacitation’ which refers to the functional changes occurring within the follicle to prepare its molecular machinery for the LH surge and ovulation. The results from this thesis will improve our understanding of the granulosa cells gene expression during the period of oocyte developmental competence acquisition in bovine
In the past few decades, the reproductive strategies in bovine have been drastically improved by the development of assisted reproductive technologies. The incorporation of embryo transfer and ovarian stimulation to genomic selection has considerably increased the reproduction rate of high genetic merit animals and the genetic gain in dairy cattle. The use of oocytes from younger donors in such programs is a great opportunity to accelerate the genetic gain by compressing the time between generations. Although the use of the same assisted reproductive technologies applied to sexually mature cows is possible in prepubertal heifers without any detrimental effect on subsequent reproductive performance, their oocyte developmental competence is significantly lower. Moreover, the variability associated to the ovarian treatment remains high in both pre- and post-pubertal animals. In this thesis we hypothesize that the gene expression patterns in granulosa cell is associated with subsequent reproductive performance after ovarian stimulation in cattle and provide information about the follicle differentiation status. A large number of Holstein heifers and cows aged from 5 months to 9 years of age underwent ovarian stimulation followed by a coasting period of 19, 30, 44 or 54h in a controlled commercial environment. Collected oocytes were fertilized in vitro and granulosa cells from the aspiration media were collected, purified and keep at -80 oC before RNA extraction for each animal. In this thesis we identified that oocytes from animal aged between 5 and 10 months of age yielded fewer blastocysts compared to sexually mature animals. We also reported a high variability in oocyte developmental competence associated to the animal following ovarian stimulation and coasting. The transcriptomes of granulosa cells recovered with the oocytes were analyzed using microarrays in different contrasts to explore the gene expression associated with donors of low oocyte competence compared to the donors of good oocyte competence or with donors from different ages. To begin with, inter-individual variability is mainly associated to the difference in follicle maturity at the time of oocyte collection and could explain differences in oocyte developmental competence in individual animals. Moreover, the nutritional deficiency signs have been shown in granulosa cells from donors of incompetent oocytes and from younger donors. By using meta-analysis, we were able to create a blueprint of the follicle gene expression following FSH decline in granulosa cells and to identify specific biomarkers to assess the follicle status and to create the tools in order to identify the degree of differentiation in follicle following ovarian stimulation and coasting. Finally, we discovered the multiple traits associated with basal concentration of luteinising hormone are more apparent in prepubertal donors. We also showed a higher expression of biomarkers of follicle atresia in younger donors, suggesting that follicle atresia occur more rapidly during coasting, resulting in lower oocyte developmental due to a possible insufficiency in basal LH in prepubertal donors. In conclusion, this thesis has provided important information to assess a follicle differentiation diagnosis in order to adjust the next ovarian stimulation and coasting. We defined the unique period following FSH decline and withdrawal as ‘follicle capacitation’ which refers to the functional changes occurring within the follicle to prepare its molecular machinery for the LH surge and ovulation. The results from this thesis will improve our understanding of the granulosa cells gene expression during the period of oocyte developmental competence acquisition in bovine
Wagner, Béatrice. "Les tumeurs à cellules de Hürthle : à propos de 12 cas et revue de la littérature." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR1M296.
Full textOURY, FLORENCE. "Regulation de la differenciation des cellules de la granulosa par le fgf basique. Contribution a l'etude du mecanisme d'action." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30037.
Full textPierre, Alice. "Les bone morphogenetic proteins dans l'ovaire : contribution à l'étude de leurs mécanismes d'action dans les cellules de la granulosa." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4051.
Full textFrom recent accumulating in vivo and in vitro evidence, it appears that members of the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) family of cytokines and their receptors are strongly implicated in ovarian function, controlling folliculogenesis and ovulation rate. To evaluate the role of the BMP pathway on folliculogenesis, the action of ligands was studied on primary cultures of rate and ovine GCs in vitro. We observed that BMPs strongly inhibited progesterone secretion and stimulated proliferation by GCs. Then we have investigated the mechanism of action by which BMP-4 exerted an inhibitory action on basal as well as FSH-induced progesterone secretion. We purpose that BMP-4 modulates progesterone by inhibiting the steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) transcriptional activity on steroidogenic gene promoters. In FSH-induced condition, this mechanism is reinforced by an inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. BMP factors regulate GCs differentiation, particularly in delaying the luteinization process
Martin, Olivier. "Hyperparathyroi͏̈die primaire de révélation atypique : à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11001.
Full text