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Books on the topic 'Tumor Infiltrating'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 January 2023

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1

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in human malignancies. Austin: R.G. Landes Co., 1993.

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2

Higgins, Catherine Ann. Tumour associated macrophages: Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes : apoptotic and mitotic cells in human colorectal cancer. [S.l: The Author], 1998.

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3

Hatton, William James. Stereological envmeration of tumour associated macrophages infiltrating human colorectal tumours. [S.l: The Author], 1996.

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4

J, Silverstein Melvin, ed. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.

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5

Fabre, Aurélie. Immunostaining and DNA analysis of Wilms' tumour (WT1) suppressor gene in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast: Thesis. 1998.

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6

Kotlan, Beatrix. Tumor Infiltrating B Lymphocytes: A Novel Approach for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Springer, 2020.

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7

Moerdler, Scott, and Xingxing Zang. PD-1/PDL-1 Inhibitors as Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0010.

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Programmed death 1 (PD-1), a member of the B7-CD28 immunoglobulin superfamily, and its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2 inhibit T-cell activation. They also play a key role in the tumor microenvironment, allowing for cancer immune escape. PD-1 is induced on a variety of immune cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), while PD-L1 is found on many types of solid tumors including ovarian cancer and some TILs. The use of immunocheckpoint inhibitors like anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies has been shown to reactivate the immune system to attack tumor cells. Ovarian cancers have been shown to be responsive to anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies, though immunocheckpoint inhibitors are not enough. Current research is evaluating combination therapies to improve response rates.

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8

Farghaly, Samir A. Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0005.

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The standard management for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a combination of aggressive debulking surgery with residual tumor of less than 1 cm and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, a high percentage of patients experience disease recurrence. Extensive efforts to find new therapeutic options have been made, albeit cancer cells develop drug resistance and malignant progression occurs. Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to enhance progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with advanced EOC. Several preclinical and clinical studies investigated feasibility and efficacy of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in EOC. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview of ACT in EOC, focusing on Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-restricted tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and MHC-independent immune effectors such as natural killer and cytokine-induced killer. The available data suggest that ACT may provide the best outcome in patients with low tumor burden, minimal residual disease, or maintenance therapy. Further preclinical studies and clinical trials are needed.

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9

Mammoser, Aaron. Infiltrative Astrocytomas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0126.

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Diffuse astrocytomas are WHO grade II astrocytomas that are distinguished from other WHO grade I and II astrocytomas because they are infiltrative, incurable, and have an intrinsic tendency to undergo malignant transformation to an anaplastic astrocytoma or a secondary glioblastoma. They are most often diagnosed in young adults in their 30s and 40s, and have a genetic profile that is different than primary glioblastoma. Anaplastic astrocytomas frequently arise from diffuse astroctyomas and share many of the same molecular abnormalities but tend to acquire more as they inevitably progress to glioblastoma. Recent studies identified mutations associated with WHO grade II and III tumors that predict a progression to a secondary glioblastoma with a better overall prognosis than primary glioblastoma. WHO grade II and III tumors that do not exhibit this typical mutation pattern often behave more aggressively than their counterparts, with a worse prognosis than higher grade tumors with a more favorable genotype.

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10

Cellular Therapy Of Cancer. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2010.

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11

Hawkins, Robert E. Cellular Therapy of Cancer: Development of Gene Therapy Based Approaches. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2014.

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12

Popadich, Miriana, and Thomas J. Wilson. Peripheral Nerve Biopsy. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0013.

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Nerve biopsy is an important part of the diagnostic armamentarium in the evaluation of a number of diseases, including vasculitis, some hereditary neuropathies, toxic and metabolic neuropathies, inflammatory demyelinating conditions (such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy), and neoplastic and nonneoplastic infiltrative diseases, such as sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, neurolymphomatosis, and other metastatic tumor infiltration. Options for nerve biopsy include whole-nerve biopsy (e.g., biopsy of the sural nerve, superficial peroneal nerve, or superficial sensory radial nerve) or targeted fascicular biopsy. This chapter identifies indications for nerve biopsy, discusses important considerations for choosing the biopsy target, and explains in detail the surgical procedure for common nerve biopsies.

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13

Dorbala, Sharmila, and Katarina H. Nelson. Inflammatory and Infiltrative Diseases and Tumors. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0026.

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This chapter highlights some of the novel clinical radionuclide imaging strategies beyond perfusion imaging including inflammatory diseases, infiltrative diseases and tumors. Targeted molecular imaging techniques to evaluate cardiac amyloidosis as well as myocardial and vascular inflammation are addressed. Clinical 18F-FDG imaging of cardiac sarcoidosis, cardiovascular prosthetic valve and device infections, systemic vasculitis, and tumors are discussed in detail. For each of these pathologies, a concise overview of the disease pathophysiology and management pertinent to understanding of imaging techniques is provided followed by details of imaging including radiotracers, imaging techniques and image interpretation with a reference to societal guidelines. The published data on the utility of radionuclide imaging tests to assess diagnosis, prognosis and to monitor response to therapy are discussed. Clinical scenarios and available societal recommendations on the use of imaging are illustrated. The strengths and limitations of radionuclide techniques are discussed in the context of a comparison to echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac CT and endomyocardial biopsy. Future directions in imaging and ongoing clinical trials in these areas are listed at the end of each section.

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14

Sabel, Michael. Video Atlas of Neurophysiological Monitoring in Surgery of Infiltrating Brain Tumors. Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated, 2022.

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15

O’Neill, Brian P., Jeffrey Allen, Mitchell S. Berger, and Rolf-Dieter Kortmann. Astrocytic tumours: pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0002.

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Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) (World Health Organization (WHO) grade I). A relatively circumscribed, slow-growing, often cystic astrocytoma occurring in children and young adults, histologically characterized by a biphasic pattern with varying proportions of compacted bipolar cells associated with Rosenthal fibres and loose-textured multipolar cells associated with microcysts and eosinophilic granular bodies. Most PAs are localized, macrocystic, and only marginally infiltrative. However some PAs, such as those arising in the optic pathways, are rarely cystic and may have an extensive infiltrative pattern but within a neuroanatomic pathway. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) (WHO grade II). An astrocytic neoplasm with a relatively favourable prognosis, typically encountered in children and young adults, with superficial location in the cerebral hemispheres and involvement of the meninges; characteristic histological features include pleomorphic and lipidized cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein and often surrounded by a reticulin network as well as eosinophilic granular bodies. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) (WHO grade I). A benign, slow-growing tumour typically arising in the wall of the lateral ventricles and composed of large ganglioid astrocytes. It is the most common CNS neoplasm in patients with tuberous sclerosis.

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16

Donaghy, Michael. Focal peripheral neuropathy. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0487.

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Some causes of focal peripheral nerve damage are self-evident, such as involvement at sites of trauma, tissue necrosis, infiltration by tumour, or damage by radiotherapy. Focal compressive and entrapment neuropathies are particularly valuable to identify in civilian practice, since recovery may follow relief of the compression. Leprosy is a common global cause of focal neuropathy, which involves prominent loss of pain sensation with secondary acromutilation, and requires early antibiotic treatment. Mononeuritis multiplex due to vasculitis requires prompt diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment to limit the severity and extent of peripheral nerve damage. Various other medical conditions, both inherited and acquired, can present with focal neuropathy rather than polyneuropathy, the most common of which are diabetes mellitus and hereditary liability to pressure palsies. A purely motor focal presentation should raise the question of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block, which usually responds well to high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusions.

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17

Bhaskar, Arun. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0064.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Endosonography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis’, published by Wiersema and Wiersema in 1996. Pain is one of its most distressing complaints of pancreatic cancer, affecting more than 80% of patients with advanced disease. However, the use of opioids and other drugs is often limited by undesirable side effects, which include somnolence, confusion, lethargy, and decreased cognitive function. Intrathecal drug delivery systems, although effective, are often deemed impractical in pancreatic cancer, due to its poor prognosis and the fact that it is often diagnosed late. Tumour infiltration of the coeliac plexus results in pain in the abdomen and back; thus, this area has often been targeted for analgesia via a neurolytic coeliac plexus block. The paper by Wiersema and Wiersema examines the efficacy of an approach that uses ultrasound to guide needle placement in celiac plexus neurolysis, in a study of 30 patients.

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18

Cherny, Nathan I. Cancer pain syndromes: overview. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0131.

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Cancer pain syndromes are defined by the association of particular pain characteristics and physical signs with specific consequences of the underlying disease or its treatment. The recognition of cancer pain syndromes and the ability to distinguish between them is a critical skill for palliative care clinicians since syndromes are associated with distinct aetiologies and pathophysiologies, and they often have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Pain syndromes associated with cancer can be either acute or chronic. Whereas acute pains experienced by cancer patients are usually related to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, chronic pains are most commonly caused by direct tumour infiltration. Adverse consequences of cancer therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, account for 15-25% of chronic cancer pain problems, and a small proportion of the chronic pains experienced by cancer patients are caused by pathology unrelated to either the cancer or the cancer therapy.

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19

Hoskin, Peter J. Radiotherapy in symptom management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0123.

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Radiotherapy has a major role in symptom control and over 40% of all radiation treatments are given with palliative intent. In the palliative setting, radiotherapy will usually be delivered using high-energy external beam treatment from a linear accelerator. Bone metastases may be treated with intravenous systemic radioisotopes and dysphagia with endoluminal brachytherapy. A general principle of palliative radiotherapy is that it should be delivered in as few treatment visits as possible and be associated with minimal acute toxicity. The main indications for palliative radiotherapy are in the management of symptoms due to local tumour growth and infiltration. These include pain from bone metastases, visceral pain from soft tissue metastases, and neuropathic pain from spinal, pelvic, and axillary tumour. Local pressure symptoms are particularly onerous and potentially dangerous when they affect the nervous system; thus spinal canal compression remains one of the few true emergency situations in which radiotherapy is indicated. Similarly brain, meningeal, or skull base metastases require urgent assessment and can be helped with local radiotherapy. Obstruction of a hollow tube or drainage channels can lead to significant symptoms and again local radiotherapy can be valuable in addressing this scenario. Such indications would include dysphagia, bronchial obstruction, leg or arm oedema, vena cava obstruction, or hydrocephalus. Finally haemorrhage can be distressing if rarely life-threatening. Local radiotherapy to bleeding tumours in the lung, bronchus, bowel, genitourinary tract, and skin is very effective at control of bleeding.

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20

Eckert, J., P. Deplazes, and P. Kern. Alveolar echinococcosis (Echinococcus multilocularis). Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0061.

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In this chapter three forms of echinococcosis in humans are described that are caused by a larval stage (metacestode) of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863, Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863) or Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972. E. multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis (AE). In the human host the metacestode of E. multilocularis behaves like a malignant tumour, characterized by infiltrative proliferation and the potential to induce serious disease. The liver is nearly exclusively the primary site of metacestode development, but metastases may by formed in adjacent and distant organs. Typically AE exhibits a chronic progressive clinical course, which finally leads to death in up to 90% of untreated patients within 10 years after diagnosis. An undefined proportion of cases are abortive with inactivation of the parasite. Evidence has accumulated in recent years that anti-parasitic therapy with benzimidazoles (albendazole or mebendazole) over many years or lifelong, if necessary combined with interventional procedures, can inhibit disease progression and improve or stabilse the patient’s clinical condition. Radical surgery in an early stage of the infection combined with anti-parasitic therapy for two years may lead to cure. The introduction of benzimidazole therapy of AE (1977), combined with improved diagnostic and surgical procedures, has resulted in significantly increased life-expectancies of adequately treated AE patients. In highly endemic areas ultrasound population screening (partially combinated with antibody detection) has been successfully used for early detection of AE cases. Countrywide annual AE incidence rates are mostly low at approximately < 0.1 to 2.0 per 100,000 inhabitants, but they can be much higher locally. Furthermore, there are indications of emerging case numbers in some areas of Europe and Asia. In spite of relatively low case numbers, AE is a significant disease due to its severity and high costs of treatment (median costs of approximately 145,800 per case).

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21

1940-, Silverstein Mel, Recht Abram, and Lagios Michael D, eds. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

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22

Silverstein, Melvin J., Abram Recht, and Michael D. Lagios. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

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