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1
Roth, F. X., and M. Kirchgessner. "Nutritional Aspects of Nucleic Acids in Animals." Archiv für Tierernaehrung 36, no. 2-3 (February 1986): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450398609425269.
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Raubenheimer, David, Stephen Simpson, and David Le Couteur. "Nutritional Ecology, Nutritional Geometry, and Aging Research." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3102.
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Abstract Substantial advances have been made in understanding both evolutionary and mechanistic aspects of biological ageing, but the two areas remain poorly integrated. I suggest that a greater emphasis on ecology can help to integrate evolutionary and mechanistic research on ageing, by providing insight into the interface between biological mechanisms and the environments in which they evolved. Among the most salient aspects of the environment relevant to ageing is nutrition. And yet in the bulk of ageing research nutrition is coarsely represented as dietary restriction or caloric restriction, without consideration for which components of the diet or which energetic substrates are driving the observed effects. I show how a method developed in nutritional ecology, called the nutritional geometry framework, can help to understand the nutritional interactions of animals with their environments, by explicitly distinguishing the roles of calories, individual nutrients and nutrient balance. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Nutrition Interest Group.
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Meiliana, Anna, Nurrani Mustika Dewi, and Andi Wijaya. "Red Meats and Processed Meat as the Carcinogenic Foods and Phytochemical-chemoprevention." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 11, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v11i3.965.
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BACKGROUND: Along with its increased prevalence, in the past decade, cancer had joined the list of chronic debilitating diseases. Nutrition become substantial aspects, due to its time-dependent effect to modulate inflammation thus trigger carcinogenic effects by altering the immune check point. Thus, nutrition contributes to the progression and therapeutic response of cancer, both in human or animal models.CONTENT: Meat is well favored food with appreciable appealing. Due to its high nutritional values it plays a central role in human development. Meat or meat derivate are important sources of proteins, minerals and vitamins. Their nutritional importance is worth compare to their economic impact but recent publication of WHO has set the social alarm about the relationship between red and/or processed meat consumption and cancer. On the other side, some natural or biologic agents may inhibit or reverse tumor growth. Some phytochemical agents including curcumin, resveratrol, lycopene, folates and tea polyphenols clinically proved to tune the signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in transformed cells, enhance the host immune system and sensitize malignant cells to cytotoxic agents.SUMMARY: Recent studies on chemopreventive agents involves a wide range of molecules, natural (plants, fruits and vegetables) or synthetic will provide better insights for cancer early pathogenesis, important end-point biomarker, and finally potential for reducing the burden of cancer.KEYWORDS: blocking agents, suppressing agents, red meat, processed meat, chemoprevention, phytochemicals
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McRuer, David L., and Kenneth D. Jones. "Behavioral and Nutritional Aspects of the Virginian Opossum (Didelphis virginiana)." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 12, no. 2 (May 2009): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2009.01.007.
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Farag, Mayada Ragab, Mahmoud Alagawany, Mohamed Ezzat Abd El-Hac, and Kuldeep Dhama. "Nutritional and Healthical Aspects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) for Poultry, Animals and Human." International Journal of Pharmacology 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2016.36.51.
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Saeed, Muhammad, Xu Yatao, Zaib Ur Rehman, Muhammad Asif Arain, Rab Nawaz Soom, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hac, Zohaib Ahmed Bhut, et al. "Nutritional and Healthical Aspects of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) for Human, Animals and Poultry." International Journal of Pharmacology 13, no. 4 (May 1, 2017): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2017.361.369.
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Malafaia, Guilherme, and André Talvani. "Nutritional Status Driving Infection byTrypanosoma cruzi: Lessons from Experimental Animals." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/981879.
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This paper reviews the scientific knowledge about protein-energy and micronutrient malnutrition in the context of Chagas disease, especially in experimental models. The search of articles was conducted using the electronic databases of SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PubMed and MEDLINE published between 1960 and March 2010. It was possible to verify that nutritional deficiencies (protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient malnutrition) exert a direct effect on the infection byT. cruzi. However, little is known about the immunological mechanisms involved in the relationship “nutritional deficiencies and infection byT. cruzi”. A hundred years after the discovery of Chagas disease many aspects of this illness still require clarification, including the effects of nutritional deficiencies on immune and pathological mechanisms ofT. cruziinfection.
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Weiss, CA, and MV Scott. "Clinical aspects and surgical treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in the domestic ferret: 94 cases (1994-1996)." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 33, no. 6 (November 1, 1997): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-33-6-487.
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The signalment, clinical findings, laboratory values, and histopathological results of 96 ferrets with signs (i.e., bilaterally symmetrical alopecia, return to male sexual behavior, or an enlarged vulva) suggestive of hyperadrenocorticism were evaluated retrospectively. Of these 96 ferrets, 94 (98%) were diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism histologically. Treatment consisted of unilateral adrenalectomy for unilateral tumors (84%) and subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy for bilateral adrenal tumors (16%). The histopathological diagnosis included nodular hyperplasia (56%), adrenocortical carcinoma (26%), and adrenocortical adenoma (16%). Common concurrent diseases included splenomegaly (87%), islet-cell tumor (27%), and cardiomyopathy (10%).
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Oliveira, Dimas Estrasulas de, and Sila Carneiro da Silva. "Alkanes as markers in nutritional studies with wild ruminant and non-ruminant animals." Scientia Agricola 64, no. 6 (December 2007): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000600015.
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Knowledge of information relative to the digestibility, intake and botanical and morphological composition of the diet is important in nutritional studies, since it provides the basis for understanding aspects related to the ingestive behavior and selectivity of animals. N-alkanes have been used successfully as markers in studies with many species of animals, particularly domesticated ruminants, most of the times as replacements for conventional markers as chromium oxide for example. However, for wild ruminants and non-ruminant animals information on this technique is still scarce and, as a consequence, its potential for use unknown. This review reports the use of this technique in studies of feed digestibility, intake and diet composition with wild ruminants and non-ruminant animals, summarizing results and inferring on the feasibility and applicability of the technique.
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Snegovoy, A. V., V. B. Larionova, and I. V. Kononenko. "Anorexia-cachexia syndrome in cancer patients: pathogenetic aspects and treatment options." Oncohematology 15, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8346-2020-15-4-91-102.
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Background. Modern standards for the treatment of both solid tumors and tumors of the blood system provide a mandatory assessment of the objective status of the patient. One of the important criteria of which is nutritional status. Underestimating the role of nutritional support in the treatment of cancer patients leads to a deterioration of treatment results due to the progressive deterioration of nutritional status and the development of cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome (CACS), which is an independent adverse factor leading to the death of the patient. The increase in the number of cancer patients with risk factors for CACS development requires not only close attention of clinicians to this problem, but also the development of clear recommendations for the diagnosis and management of such patients. This can contribute to solving several problems at once. First, it will allow optimizing monitoring of cancer patients predisposed to CACS development during anticancer treatment. Secondly, it will provide an opportunity to develop a diagnostic algorithm to prevent it. Third, the use of the identified criteria for predicting and outcome of complications both on an outpatient basis and in a hospital will be aimed at creating favorable conditions for anticancer therapy and thereby improving long-term treatment results and patients quality of life. Studying the mechanisms of development of CACS, the possibilities of correcting this condition, indicate the need for a multimodal concept and the rejection of the search for a “magic pill”. The results of a multicenter, prospective randomized study conducted in the oncology and hematology departments of healthcare institutions.Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of FortiCare oral nutritional support in cancer patients under the real clinical practice.Materials and methods. The study included 96 patients with stage II–IV tumors. Radiation therapy was received by 28 patients, chemotherapy ‒ by 68 patients. Patient information was collected using an individual registration card. The patients were randomized according to nutritional support tactics (1:1). In the study group, with radiation (n = 14) and chemotherapy (n = 34), patients received enteral nutrition Forticare orally 125 ml 3 times a day in parallel with their usual diet. Patients in the control group during radiation therapy (n = 14) received the required amount of calories from their usual diet. During chemotherapy, patients in the control group (n = 34) with a lack of daily calorie intake received additional parenteral nutrition.Results and conclusion. While taking FortiCare, there was a smaller loss of body weight (p ≤0.05), a frequency of mucositis of the oral cavity, and esophagitis (p >0.05). With chemotherapy, the incidence of diarrhea (p <0.001) and constipation (p <0.05) was detected less frequently than in the control group. A decrease in the frequency of hematological toxicity (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) was noted (p >0.05).
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Smith, Albert C. "Comparative Pathology." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-0348-cphdci.
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Abstract Marine animals offer unparalleled diversity in form, behavior, environments occupied, and other attributes. Furthermore, certain of these animals have evolutionary links to humans. These features make marine animals of special interest to comparative and human pathologists. This article focuses on comparative aspects of 4 major disorders, namely, tumors, immunologic disorders, vascular pathology, and anatomic malformations.
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Simpson, Stephen J., and David Raubenheimer. "The nature of nutrition: a unifying framework." Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 6 (2011): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo11068.
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We present a graphical approach, which we believe can help to integrate nutrition into the broader biological sciences, and introduce generality into the applied nutritional sciences. This ‘Geometric Framework’ takes account of the fact that animals need multiple nutrients in changing amounts and balance, and that nutrients come packaged in foods that are often hard to find, dangerous to subdue and costly to process. We then show how the Geometric Framework has been used to understand the links between nutrition and relevant aspects of the biology of individual animals. These aspects include the physiological mechanisms that direct the nutritional interactions of the animal with its environment, and the fitness consequences of these interactions. Having considered the implications of diet for individuals, we show that these effects can translate into the collective behaviour of groups and societies, and in turn ramify throughout food webs to influence the structure of ecosystems.
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Burger, Ivan H. "Nutritional aspects of the feline urological syndrome (FUS): LECTURE TO UNIVERSITY OF GHENT VETERINARY SCHOOL, 6TH MARCH 1985." Journal of Small Animal Practice 28, no. 5 (May 1987): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01439.x.
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Lihoreau, Mathieu, Michael A. Charleston, Alistair M. Senior, Fiona J. Clissold, David Raubenheimer, Stephen J. Simpson, and Jerome Buhl. "Collective foraging in spatially complex nutritional environments." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1727 (July 3, 2017): 20160238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0238.
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Nutrition impinges on virtually all aspects of an animal's life, including social interactions. Recent advances in nutritional ecology show how social animals often trade-off individual nutrition and group cohesion when foraging in simplified experimental environments. Here, we explore how the spatial structure of the nutritional landscape influences these complex collective foraging dynamics in ecologically realistic environments. We introduce an individual-based model integrating key concepts of nutritional geometry, collective animal behaviour and spatial ecology to study the nutritional behaviour of animal groups in large heterogeneous environments containing foods with different abundance, patchiness and nutritional composition. Simulations show that the spatial distribution of foods constrains the ability of individuals to balance their nutrient intake, the lowest performance being attained in environments with small isolated patches of nutritionally complementary foods. Social interactions improve individual regulatory performances when food is scarce and clumpy, but not when it is abundant and scattered, suggesting that collective foraging is favoured in some environments only. These social effects are further amplified if foragers adopt flexible search strategies based on their individual nutritional state. Our model provides a conceptual and predictive framework for developing new empirically testable hypotheses in the emerging field of social nutrition. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals’.
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BURNS, ROBERT A. "Protease Inhibitors in Processed Plant Foods." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.2.161.
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Plants contain a wide variety of protein protease inhibitors. However, most is known about the serine protease (trypsin and chymotrypsin) inhibitors found in legumes, particularly soybeans. These inhibitors in unheated legume protein (a) impair the protein's nutritional quality, (b) induce pancreatic hyper-trophy in some but not all experimental animals, (c) enhance the action of chemical pancreatic carcinogens in Wistar rats but not hamsters or mice, (d) are reported to be carcinogenic to the pancreas of Wistar rats and (e) inhibit certain experimental tumors in rats, mice and hamsters. The physiological significance of the low residual protease inhibitor levels in commercially processed plant proteins and human foods prepared from such proteins remains to be resolved. Plant proteins prepared for human consumption, however, contain low levels of pro-tease inhibitor activity which are of no nutritional concern in animals or humans.
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Tinghino, Biagio. "Nutritional Choices, New Health Approaches and Anti-speciesist Thinking." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2020.2.3.
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Nutritional choices are affected by culture, tradition and above all by the narrative we adopt for human history. The article gives an overview of the (pseudo)scientific beliefs, psychological factors and ethical orientations that affect nutritional choices. Among the various food theories today, great importance is given, for example, to the so-called Paleolithic diet, which consists of proposing a dietary model based on blood groups, which are assumed to have developed throughout different periods of the natural evolution of Homo sapiens, which were characterized by peculiar alimentary regimes. Moreover, psychological determinant drivers affect food choices and could lead to pathological eating behaviors (e.g., anorexia, overeating, binge eating). Finally, the ethical aspects of nutrition are closely correlated to vegetarianism, which in turn embraces an anti-speciesist thinking and recognizes the need for humans not to inflict unnecessary suffering on animals. Vegetarianism, anti-speciesism and ecologism often represent different aspects of the same issue: a lifestyle that testifies the need for a change in traditional paradigms, in the interest of humankind and the future of life on our planet.
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József Fenyvessy. "Some aspects of food safety from animal origin." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2514.
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The relationship between the civilisation illnesses and incorrect nutrition can be considered as demonstrated. The functional foods having one or several nutritional- biological advantage can contribute to the healthy nutrition and to improving the quality of life. Beside the healthy nutrition it is an another important requirement that the food does not contain pathogens or substances of chemical and biological origin namely it has to be safe. In this publication the foods of animal origin were investigated in the point of view of public health hazards arising during their production and processing.The contamination and infection of food raw materials, the consequence of chemical substances getting in or developing it the food, the judgement of food deviring from genetically modified or cloned animals are discussed.
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Hashem, Nesrein M., and Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. "Nanotechnology and Reproductive Management of Farm Animals: Challenges and Advances." Animals 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071932.
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Reproductive efficiency of farm animals has central consequences on productivity and profitability of livestock farming systems. Optimal reproductive management is based on applying different strategies, including biological, hormonal, nutritional strategies, as well as reproductive disease control. These strategies should not only guarantee sufficient reproductive outcomes but should also comply with practical and ethical aspects. For example, the efficiency of the biological- and hormonal-based reproductive strategies is mainly related to several biological factors and physiological status of animals, and of nutritional strategies, additional factors, such as digestion and absorption, can contribute. In addition, the management of reproductive-related diseases is challenged by the concerns regarding the intensive use of antibiotics and the development of antimicrobial resistant strains. The emergence of nanotechnology applications in livestock farming systems may present innovative and new solutions for overcoming reproductive management challenges. Many drugs (hormones and antibiotics), biological molecules, and nutrients can acquire novel physicochemical properties using nanotechnology; the main ones are improved bioavailability, higher cellular uptake, controlled sustained release, and lower toxicity compared with ordinary forms. In this review, we illustrate advances in the most common reproductive management strategies by applying nanotechnology, considering the current challenges of each strategy.
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Onishi, Y., T. Yamanaka, KI Ozaki, R. Nakayama, S. Shimamura, R. Itami, A. Fukushima, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Fujiwara. "Relationship between geochemical environments, nutritional resources, and faunal succession in whale-fall ecosystems." Marine Ecology Progress Series 636 (February 20, 2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13196.
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Faunal succession in whale-fall communities is closely associated with the progress of decomposition of the whale carcass. The main nutritional resources supporting a whale-fall community change from whale matter to chemosynthetic products over time. To study the geochemical aspects of this nutritional succession, we sampled animals over time on and in sediments around carcasses of sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus in Sagami Bay (mobile scavenger to early sulfophilic stage) and off Cape Nomamisaki (sulfophilic stage), Japan (500 and 200-300 m water depths, respectively). In these 2 areas, stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes of the animal soft tissues were measured to precisely elucidate the nutritional resources for each animal. In Sagami Bay, mobile scavengers relied only on whale soft tissue. Infaunal animals at 2 wk after the deployment relied only on whale soft tissue, while infauna at 9 mo after the deployment relied on chemosynthetic products. Such changes in nutritional resources were consistent with the transition of the geochemical environment in the sediments. Off Cape Nomamisaki, vigorous microbial sulfate reduction and thioautotrophic primary production nourished the fauna around the carcasses. The fauna in this area consisted of chemosymbiotic bivalves and necrophagous animals with sulfide-tolerant metabolism. We conclude that the changes in microbial processes, biomass, and compositions in sediments influence faunal succession in whale-fall ecosystems via change in the available nutrition for the fauna.
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Pereira, Larissa Quinto, Ricardo De Francisco Strefezzi, José Luiz Catão-Dias, Michele Martins Trindade, Rafael Almeida Fighera, Glaucia Denise Kommers, and Maristela Lovato. "Hepatic Hemosiderosis in Red-Spectacled Amazons (Amazona pretrei) and Correlation with Nutritional Aspects." Avian Diseases 54, no. 4 (December 2010): 1323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/9418-060710-case.1.
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Sambanthamurthi, Ravigadevi, YewAi Tan, Kalyana Sundram, Kenneth C. Hayes, Mahinda Abeywardena, Soon-Sen Leow, Shamala Devi Sekaran, et al. "Positive outcomes of oil palm phenolics on degenerative diseases in animal models." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 11 (June 7, 2011): 1664–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511002133.
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It is well established that plant phenolics elicit various biological activities, with positive effects on health. Palm oil production results in large volumes of aqueous by-products containing phenolics. In the present study, we describe the effects of oil palm phenolics (OPP) on several degenerative conditions using various animal models. OPP reduced blood pressure in a NO-deficient rat model, protected against ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmia in rats and reduced plaque formation in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet. In Nile rats, a spontaneous model of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, OPP protected against multiple aspects of the syndrome and diabetes progression. In tumour-inoculated mice, OPP protected against cancer progression. Microarray studies on the tumours showed differential transcriptome profiles that suggest anti-tumour molecular mechanisms involved in OPP action. Thus, initial studies suggest that OPP may have potential against several chronic disease outcomes in mammals.
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Silva, Millena N., Juliana S. Leite, Marcela FV Mello, Kassia VGC Silva, Katia B. Corgozinho, Heloisa JM de Souza, Simone CS Cunha, and Ana MR Ferreira. "Histologic evaluation of Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 expression in feline mammary carcinoma." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 4 (July 9, 2016): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16634150.
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Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate histopathologic aspects of, and the expression of Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 in, feline mammary carcinoma (FMC). Methods Feline mammary tumors were surgically obtained by mastectomy from 30 female cats and were fixed with formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. Four-micron sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathologic diagnosis. Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results Samples were histologically confirmed as FMC. Positive immunostaining was observed in all cancer samples for both nuclear Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3, with a mean positive staining percentage of 27.5% and 21.2%, respectively. No statistically significant correlations between Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 were observed within FMC. Conclusions and relevance A high proliferation index was found in feline mammary tumors. This is the first study evaluating cleaved caspase-3 expression in FMC.
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de Mello, Daniela M. D., and Maria C. L. Alvarez. "Health assessment of juvenile green turtles in southern São Paulo State, Brazil: a hematologic approach." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 32, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719891972.
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We assessed the health status and hematologic and blood chemistry values of 48 juvenile green turtles ( Chelonia mydas) on the southeastern coast of Brazil (25°S 48°W). We investigated the impact of size and weight, nutritional condition, and presence of epibionts and fibropapilloma tumors. Nutritional status was good for 39 animals; these animals had higher serum albumin, cholesterol, and phosphorus concentrations than 9 animals with a fair nutritional score. Reference values for hematology and biochemistry were calculated for 39 individuals without fibropapillomas (FPs). Turtles with epibionts ( n = 33) had lower hemoglobin (Hb) than turtles without epibionts ( n = 15; t = −2.09, p = 0.04), and the area occupied by epibionts was positively correlated with the white blood cell count ( r = 0.37, p = 0.03). FP turtles had significantly lower hematocrit (Hct), Hb, and red blood cell (RBC) counts than non-FP turtles; serum albumin and cholesterol were higher in non-FP than FP turtles. A negative correlation between curved carapace length (CCL) and Hct ( r = −0.51, p = 0.0002) and RBC ( r = −0.47, p = 0.0007), and between serum cholesterol, sodium, and uric acid and CCL ( r = −0.53, p = 0.0001; r = −0.38, p = 0.007; r = −0.35, p = 0.014, respectively) were identified. The health of turtles appears to deteriorate as they get larger, which manifests in more FPs, decreased body condition, and systemic physiologic changes consistent with chronic disease including lower Hct, RBC counts, serum cholesterol, sodium, and uric acid.
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Moore, J. M. "Safety and quality of food from animals: the consumers' view." BSAP Occasional Publication 17 (January 1993): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001208.
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AbstractTo assess any system that provides goods or services, the National Consumer Council has developed a number of consumer criteria to judge how well they perform from the consumers' point of view. They include price, safety, access, choice, information, redress, efficiency, equity, public accountability and consumer representation. When it comes to food, consumers are naturally interested in the price, quality, safety and choice of food products available to them. This presupposes that all have access to a secure supply of staple foods: a fundamental right of all consumers.Quality covers many aspects such as the variety, content, composition, nutritional value, taste, freshness and appearance of foods and recently, animal welfare has become associated with quality in the perception of consumers. Safety issues in the 1990s include additives, veterinary drug residues, pesticide residues, microbiological contamination and biotechnology.
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Milovanovic, Mirjana, and Biljana Vucelic-Radovic. "Sources, nutritional and health values of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 53, no. 3 (2008): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0803203m.
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Because of the importance of functional food factors for the nutrition of humans and animals, an increasing scientific interest has emerged in health related effects occurring as a consequence of their content in diet. Therefore, in this paper we tried to present the state of the art concerning nutritional aspects as well as health benefits of the most important and widespread ?-3 and ?-6 fatty acids. Furthermore, we reviewed nonfish alternative sources of ?-3 and ?-6 fatty acids as well as their occurrence in domestic oil seeds, rare and medicinal herbs. Recent attempts to incorporate higher levels of ?-3 fatty acids into food and feed are also presented. .
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McEntee, Margaret C. "Veterinary Radiation Therapy: Review and Current State of the Art." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 42, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0420094.
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Veterinary radiation oncology became a recognized specialty in 1994. Radiation therapy is an important component of a multimodality approach to treating cancer in companion animals. It is important to understand the many aspects of radiation, including the equipment used in external beam radiation therapy, the basic mechanism of action of ionizing radiation, the results of irradiating various histopathological types of tumors, as well as the associated potential acute and late side effects of radiation. A comprehensive review of radiation therapy is timely and provides information for clients on cancers that may benefit from external beam radiation therapy.
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Korotkova, A. M., O. V. Kvan, I. A. Vershinina, and S. V. Lebedev. "Microbiological aspects of the effect of Fe NPs on Wistar rats." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-3-168-173.
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An important route of metal intake from NP preparations is the pathway through absorption by bacterial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. This changes the composition of the microflora. Thus, giving animals NP Cu is accompanied by an increase in the total number of bacteria and lactobacilli, and a decrease in the population of E. coli and Clostridium spp. When it enters the intestine, part of the NP is able to form a pool on the inner wall of the intestine, in connection with which it can act with microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal microbiota is known to play a vital role in the nutritional and immunological functions of host animals. However, in the literature there is not enough data on the influence of NP on the intestinal microbiocenosis of various representatives of the animal world and humans. The aim of the study is to study the effect of Fe nanoparticles introduced by per os on representatives of the main physiological groups of microorganisms. 30 male Wistar rats aged 4 months, identical in weight (from 180 g), were selected on the basis of analogues. up to 250 g.), physiological state, were in the previous period of experience in a balanced diet on the recommendations. Preparations of NP Fe for the introduction of per os were prepared in isotonic saline solution, treated for 30 minutes on an ultrasonic dispersant. Nanoparticles in the required amount were mixed with rice. The frequency of giving NP Fe to animals in order to correct microbiocenosis with deficient diets is 1 time in 7 days. In this case, the introduction of 10 mg of iron per kg of animal weight showed the best results.
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Peixoto, Paulo Vargas, Ticiana do Nascimento França, Claudio S. L. Barros, and Carlos Hubinger Tokarnia. "Histopathological aspects of Bovine Enzootic Hematuria in Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23, no. 2 (June 2003): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2003000200004.
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The bladder lesions of 59 cattle, from the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná and Amazon, affected by Bovine Enzootic Haematuria (BEH), were studied histologically. The objective of this study was to describe and reclassify neoplastic and non-neoplastic alterations not yet reported, according to the more complete current nomenclature used in human medicine. There was an almost complete identity with alterations observed in the bladder of man. Due to the occurrence of two or more neoplasms in the same animal, differences in the methodology and in the concept of classification, a more precise comparison was not possible. Coexistence of different types of epithelial and/or mesenchymal tumour growth was frequently seen. Rare neoplasms or differentiations not previously described were found in the bladder of some animals affected by BEH. These were trabecular carcinoma with Paneth cells differentiation, mesonephroid adenoma, mesonephroid adenocarcinoma, "signet ring" cell carcinoma, plasmocytoid carcinoma, chromophobe cell carcinoma and nested type of transitional cell carcinoma. Haemangiosarcomas originating from haemangiomas were also observed. This study also revealed the occurrence of many tumors with anaplasia and pronounced infiltrative features, but which did not metastasize. The elucidation of the cause of this "barrier against metastases" and its relationship with chemical carcinogenesis induced by the ptaquiloside, the active principle of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), could be of interest to future research on the control ofneoplasia in man and animals.
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Guimarães, Luciane Mourão, Davi Felipe Farias, Relinda Campos Carvalho Muchagata, Mariana Quezado de Magalhães, Cláudio Cabral Campello, Thales Lima Rocha, Ilka Maria Vasconcelos, Ana Fontenele Urano Carvalho, Fernanda Mulinari, and Maria Fátima Grossi-de-Sa. "Short-Term Evaluation in Growing Rats of Diet ContainingBacillus thuringiensisCry1Ia12 Entomotoxin: Nutritional Responses and Some Safety Aspects." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/630267.
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The Cry1Ia12 entomotoxin from a BrazilianBacillus thuringiensisstrain is currently being expressed in cotton cultivars to confer resistance to insect-pests. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a diet containing Cry1Ia12 protein on growing rats. A test diet containing egg white and Cry1Ia12 (0.1% of total protein) as a protein source was offered to rats for ten days. In addition, an acute toxicity bioassay was performed in rats with a single oral dose of the entomotoxin (12 mg/animal). No adverse effects were observed in the animals receiving the test diet when compared to those receiving a control diet (egg white). The analysed parameters included relative dry weight of internal organs, duodenum histology, blood biochemistry, and nutritional parameters. The results of the acute toxicity test showed no mortality or behaviour alteration. Thus, Cry1Ia12 toxin at the tested concentration does not cause deleterious effects on growing rats when incorporated in the diet for 10 days.
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Dias, Maria Luíza de M., Joanlise M. Leon Andrade, Márcio B. de Castro, and Paula D. Galera. "Survival analysis of female dogs with mammary tumors after mastectomy: epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 3 (March 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016000300006.
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Abstract: Mammary gland tumors are the most common type of tumors in bitches but research on survival time after diagnosis is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between survival time after mastectomy and a number of clinical and morphological variables. Data was collected retrospectively on bitches with mammary tumors seen at the Small Animal Surgery Clinic Service at the University of Brasília. All subjects had undergone mastectomy. Survival analysis was conducted using Cox's proportional hazard method. Of the 139 subjects analyzed, 68 died and 71 survived until the end of the study (64 months). Mean age was 11.76 years (SD=2.71), 53.84% were small dogs. 76.92% of the tumors were malignant, and 65.73% had both thoracic and inguinal glands affected. Survival time in months was associated with age (hazard rate ratios [HRR] =1.23, p-value =1.4x10-4), animal size (HRR between giant and small animals =2.61, p-value =0.02), nodule size (HRR =1.09, p-value =0.03), histological type (HRR between solid carcinoma and carcinoma in a mixed tumor =2.40, p-value =0.02), time between diagnosis and surgery (TDS, with HRR =1.21, p-value =2.7x10-15), and the interaction TDS*follow-up time (HRR =0.98, p-value =1.6x10-11). The present study is one of the few on the subject matter. Several important covariates were evaluated and age, animal size, nodule size, histological type, TDS and TDS*follow up time were identified as significantly associated to survival time.
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Hiller, Beate. "Recent developments in lipid metabolism in ruminants – the role of fat in maintaining animal health and performance." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14555.
Full textAbstract:
Optimising farm animal performance has long been the key focus of worldwide livestock production research. Advances in the understanding of metabolism/phenotype associations have outlined the central role of the lipid metabolism of farm animals for economically relevant phenotypic traits, such as animal health (immune status, fertility/reproductive capacity, adaptability/metabolic flexibility, robustness, well being) and performance aspects (meat/milk quality and quantity) and have led to an extensive exploitation of lipid metabolism manipulation strategies (e.g. tailored nutritional regimes, alimentary/intravenous fat supplementation, rumen-protected fat feeding, hormone application). This contribution gives an overview of established concepts to tailor animals’ lipid metabolism and highlights novel strategies to expand these application-oriented approaches via improved analysis tools, omics-approaches, cell model systems and systems biology methods.
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Gorlov, I. F., G. V. Fedotova, M. I. Slozhenkina, N. I. Mosolova, Ya I. Gishlarkaev, T. A. Magomadov, Yu A. Yuldashbaev, and D. A. Mosolova. "Adaptation features of sheep of the Edilbaev breed reared in the agroecological conditions of the arid zones of Southern Russia." South of Russia: ecology, development 14, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-3-71-81.
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Aim. The aim of the research was to study the features of formation of adaptive ability, meat productivity and quality indicators of mutton obtained in the arid conditions of the Volga region from sheep of the Edilbaev breed of different genotypes. Material and Methods. A package of teaching materials has been developed concerning an increase in the productive qualities of different genotypes of the studied breed in the conditions of arid regions of southern Russia. Results. The authors’ research has demonstrated the high adaptive abilities of animals of the Edilbaev breed, their economic and biological qualities, food and taste indicators of their meat, as well as the possibility of further development of the breed in the arid conditions of southern Russia. As a research base, we selected the Volgograd‐Edilbay LLC breeding farm (the world's only breeding and genetic center for raising Edilbaev sheep) which is located in the Volgograd region and specializes in breeding pure‐bred animals in arid steppe, semi‐desert and desert zones. Due to the great demand for the livestock of this breed from farms located in arid territories, this study of the comparative aspects of production characteristics of animals of original and new types in the arid conditions of the Volga region is of interest to both science and practical animal husbandry. Conclusion. An assessment of the nutritional value of mutton obtained from animals of the Edilbaev breed has shown its high nutritional and biological qualities.
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Carter, Wales A., Ulf Bauchinger, and Scott R. McWilliams. "The Importance of Isotopic Turnover for Understanding Key Aspects of Animal Ecology and Nutrition." Diversity 11, no. 5 (May 26, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11050084.
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Stable isotope-based methods have proved to be immensely valuable for ecological studies ranging in focus from animal movements to species interactions and community structure. Nevertheless, the use of these methods is dependent on assumptions about the incorporation and turnover of isotopes within animal tissues, which are oftentimes not explicitly acknowledged and vetted. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the estimation of stable isotope turnover rates in animals, and to highlight the importance of these estimates for ecological studies in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems that may use a wide range of stable isotopes. Specifically, we discuss 1) the factors that contribute to variation in turnover among individuals and across species, which influences the use of stable isotopes for diet reconstructions, 2) the differences in turnover among tissues that underlie so-called ‘isotopic clocks’, which are used to estimate the timing of dietary shifts, and 3) the use of turnover rates to estimate nutritional requirements and reconstruct histories of nutritional stress from tissue isotope signatures. As we discuss these topics, we highlight recent works that have effectively used estimates of turnover to design and execute informative ecological studies. Our concluding remarks suggest several steps that will improve our understanding of isotopic turnover and support its integration into a wider range of ecological studies.
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Klucher, Kevin M., David V. Lopez, and George Q. Daley. "Secondary Mutation Maintains the Transformed State in BaF3 Cells With Inducible BCR/ABL Expression." Blood 91, no. 10 (May 15, 1998): 3927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.10.3927.
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Abstract The BCR/ABL gene product of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome induces chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We generated a hematopoietic cell line, TonB210.1, with tetracycline-dependent BCR/ABL expression to investigate the pathways by which BCR/ABL transforms cells. TonB210.1 demonstrates conditional growth factor independence in tissue culture and rapidly forms tumors in mice fed the tetracycline analog doxycycline. The tumors regress completely upon doxycycline withdrawal, but ultimately reform in all animals. After a long latency, tumors also develop in animals never exposed to doxycycline. Subclones of TonB210.1 established from doxycycline-independent tumors demonstrate distinct mechanisms of transformation. Most subclones manifest increased basal levels of BCR/ABL expression; some have lost the capacity to augment expression upon induction, whereas others remain inducible. More interestingly, some subclones maintain tight conditional expression of BCR/ABL and are therefore transformed by secondary mechanisms that no longer require BCR/ABL expression. These subclones show constitutive phosphorylation of the STAT5 protein, suggesting that activating mutations have occurred upstream in the signaling pathway to STAT5. The tight conditional expression of BCR/ABL in the TonB210.1 cell line affords the opportunity to study several interesting aspects of the biology of BCR/ABL, including activation of critical signaling pathways and transcriptional programs, and its potential role in genomic instability.
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Klucher, Kevin M., David V. Lopez, and George Q. Daley. "Secondary Mutation Maintains the Transformed State in BaF3 Cells With Inducible BCR/ABL Expression." Blood 91, no. 10 (May 15, 1998): 3927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.10.3927.3927_3927_3934.
Full textAbstract:
The BCR/ABL gene product of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome induces chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We generated a hematopoietic cell line, TonB210.1, with tetracycline-dependent BCR/ABL expression to investigate the pathways by which BCR/ABL transforms cells. TonB210.1 demonstrates conditional growth factor independence in tissue culture and rapidly forms tumors in mice fed the tetracycline analog doxycycline. The tumors regress completely upon doxycycline withdrawal, but ultimately reform in all animals. After a long latency, tumors also develop in animals never exposed to doxycycline. Subclones of TonB210.1 established from doxycycline-independent tumors demonstrate distinct mechanisms of transformation. Most subclones manifest increased basal levels of BCR/ABL expression; some have lost the capacity to augment expression upon induction, whereas others remain inducible. More interestingly, some subclones maintain tight conditional expression of BCR/ABL and are therefore transformed by secondary mechanisms that no longer require BCR/ABL expression. These subclones show constitutive phosphorylation of the STAT5 protein, suggesting that activating mutations have occurred upstream in the signaling pathway to STAT5. The tight conditional expression of BCR/ABL in the TonB210.1 cell line affords the opportunity to study several interesting aspects of the biology of BCR/ABL, including activation of critical signaling pathways and transcriptional programs, and its potential role in genomic instability.
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Zicha, Josef, and Jaroslav Kuneš. "Ontogenetic Aspects of Hypertension Development: Analysis in the Rat." Physiological Reviews 79, no. 4 (January 10, 1999): 1227–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1999.79.4.1227.
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In this review, we attempt to outline the age-dependent interactions of principal systems controlling the structure and function of the cardiovascular system in immature rats developing hypertension. We focus our attention on the cardiovascular effects of various pharmacological, nutritional, and behavioral interventions applied at different stages of ontogeny. Several distinct critical periods (developmental windows), in which particular stimuli affect the further development of the cardiovascular phenotype, are specified in the rat. It is evident that short-term transient treatment of genetically hypertensive rats with certain antihypertensive drugs in prepuberty and puberty (at the age of 4–10 wk) has long-term beneficial effects on further development of their cardiovascular apparatus. This juvenile critical period coincides with the period of high susceptibility to the hypertensive effects of increased salt intake. If the hypertensive process develops after this critical period (due to early antihypertensive treatment or late administration of certain hypertensive stimuli, e.g., high salt intake), blood pressure elevation, cardiovascular hypertrophy, connective tissue accumulation, and end-organ damage are considerably attenuated compared with rats developing hypertension during the juvenile critical period. As far as the role of various electrolytes in blood pressure modulation is concerned, prohypertensive effects of dietary Na+ and antihypertensive effects of dietary Ca2+ are enhanced in immature animals, whereas vascular protective and antihypertensive effects of dietary K+ are almost independent of age. At a given level of dietary electrolyte intake, the balance between dietary carbohydrate and fat intake can modify blood pressure even in rats with established hypertension, but dietary protein intake affects the blood pressure development in immature animals only. Dietary protein restriction during gestation, as well as altered mother-offspring interactions in the suckling period, might have important long-term hypertensive consequences. The critical periods (developmental windows) should be respected in the future pharmacological or gene therapy of human hypertension.
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Tajchman, K. "Selected haematological indices in farmed male fallow deer (Dama dama) depending on the different conditions during the wintering period." Veterinární Medicína 64, No. 9 (September 27, 2019): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2019-vetmed.
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Fallow deer (Dama dama) are the most common breeding species among farmed cervids in Poland. Monitoring the animals’ health, nutritional status, and welfare are highly important aspects in their breeding. Haematological variables are important indicators for comparing the physiological status of the animals and for monitoring the changes in the organism related to the adaptation to the breeding conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the day’s length and the total protein content in the diet for the farmed fallow deer on the selected haematological variables. The study demonstrated a significant decline in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and an increase of the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P < 0.05) in all the animals after the winter period. However, the animal group exposed to prolonged daylight exhibited a significant increase in the platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) (P < 0.05). In turn, the group receiving a lower amount of protein in the diet was characterised by a significant reduction in the platelet count (PLT) (P < 0.05). Thus, the length of daylight and the protein content of the diet for fallow deer exert a significant impact on several haematological characteristics, which may serve as indicators of an animal’s nutritional status and welfare.
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Enser, M., R. I. Richardson, G. R. Nute, A. V. Fisher, N. D. Scollan, and J. D. Wood. "Effect of red and white clover on beef meat quality." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004579.
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Legumes, such as red and white clover, are potentially important constituents of low input, environmentally friendly beef production systems. However, the effects of grazing clover on the quality of beef have not been assessed fully. Important aspects of meat quality are shelf-life (colour and lipid stability), flavour and human nutritional value, all of which are affected by components of the animals diet such as antioxidants and fatty acids. Tissues from lamb finished on swards containing white clover were reported to contain more linoleic and a-linolenic acid and less eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) (Vipond et al., 1993) compared to animals grazing grass. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of meat from two beef breeds raised on grass or grass plus white or red clover.
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Castell, J. D., and J. C. Kean. "Evaluation of the Role of Nutrition in Lobster Recruitment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-284.
Full textAbstract:
Many of the hypotheses and proposals presented here on the role of nutrition in lobster recruitment have been derived from research on other aquatic animals. Little research has focused on the determination of nutritional requirements of lobsters and even that has been primarily with small juveniles (36–1000 mg). Despite the tacit acknowledgement that maternal fecundity and egg viability are a function of quantity and quality of available food, little is known about the nutrition of reproductively mature lobsters. The importance of broodstock nutrition and possible methods for evaluating nutritional status are discussed. Information on protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and lipids is summarized. Additionally, some proposals for field application of nutritional response criteria used in the laboratory are discussed. Though research on larvae adult broodstock nutrition, effects of environmental factors (e.g. temperature, salinity, photoperiod, etc.), as well as many other aspects of nutrition is yet to be done, there is "good opportunity" for nutrition to be a significant part of the current lobster recruitment research program.
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Dewhurst, R. J., S. M. Rutter, and A. J. Rook. "Nutritional and grazing management of the dairy cow." BSAP Occasional Publication 28 (2001): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500041005.
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AbstractThe pre-requisites for nutritional management of dairy cows are information about how much feed is being consumed as well as the nutrients that are being derived from that feed. Studies of feed intake and nutrient supply have been limited by difficult experimental techniques, particularly with grazing animals. The models derived from much earlier work are of only general applicability and there is a need for more site-specific information in order to benefit further from conceptual advances.We have adopted a different approach to studying herbage intake and nutrient supply, using less-invasive approaches as well as techniques that monitor more accessible aspects of these processes, such as jaw movements. These techniques have a major advantage, in addition to their value as research tools, because they could translate directly into commercial applications in on-farm monitoring. The use of diagnostics and behavioural recording is well explored in relation to health monitoring; here we argue for its potential to advance the application of knowledge about grazing and nutrition. We will illustrate this approach using our experiences in measuring grazing behaviour, using IGER behaviour recorders and assessing rumen function, using a series of non-invasive techniques.The IGER grazing behaviour recorder allows us to record jaw movements and hence grazing and ruminating time and bite dynamics. It also allows the recording of steps and is now being developed to incorporate non-invasive rumen state sensors. It has made a major contribution to our understanding of the foraging strategies of grazing animals and their effect on herbage intake. This technology has the potential to be developed for on-farm monitoring of foraging behaviour providing valuable inputs to the prediction of herbage intake, in decision support systems for grazing.The introduction of concept of protein degradation and microbial synthesis in the rumen are significant advances in protein rationing schemes. However, real progress has been limited because the lack of consistent experimental results means that models have little relevance to specific farm situations. We foresee considerable opportunities to monitor products of rumen degradation and synthesis that appear in milk (e.g. odd-chain fatty acids) or breath (e.g. sulphides).Taken together these technologies open the possibilities of an entirely new approach to nutritional management of dairy cows, with site-specific recommendations based on information gathered using new sensors that are incorporated into computerised feeding equipment and milking parlours.
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Wocławek-Potocka, Izabela, Paulina Rawińska, Ilona Kowalczyk-Zieba, Dorota Boruszewska, Emilia Sinderewicz, Tomasz Waśniewski, and Dariusz Jan Skarzynski. "Lysophosphatidic Acid (LPA) Signaling in Human and Ruminant Reproductive Tract." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/649702.
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Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) through activating its G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR 1–6) exerts diverse cellular effects that in turn influence several physiological processes including reproductive function of the female. Studies in various species of animals and also in humans have identified important roles for the receptor-mediated LPA signaling in multiple aspects of human and animal reproductive tract function. These aspects range from ovarian and uterine function, estrous cycle regulation, early embryo development, embryo implantation, decidualization to pregnancy maintenance and parturition. LPA signaling can also have pathological consequences, influencing aspects of endometriosis and reproductive tissue associated tumors. The review describes recent progress in LPA signaling research relevant to human and ruminant reproduction, pointing at the cow as a relevant model to study LPA influence on the human reproductive performance.
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Emmans, Gerry, and Ilias Kyriazakis. "Consequences of genetic change in farm animals on food intake and feeding behaviour." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 60, no. 1 (February 2001): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns200059.
Full textAbstract:
Selection in commercial populations on aspects of output, such as for growth rate in poultry, against fatness and for growth rate in pigs, and for milk yield in cows, has had very large effects on such outputs over the past 50 years. Partly because of the cost of recording intake, there has been little or no selection for food intake or feeding behaviour. In order to predict the effects of such past, and future, selection on intake it is necessary to have some suitable theoretical framework. Intake needs to be predicted in order to make rational feeding and environmental decisions. The idea that an animal will eat ‘to meet its requirements’ has proved useful and continues to be fruitful. An important part of the idea is that the animal (genotype) can be described in a way that is sufficient for the accurate prediction of its outputs over time. Such descriptions can be combined with a set of nutritional constants to calculate requirements. There appears to have been no change in the nutritional constants under selection for output. Under such selection it is simplest to assume that changes in intake follow from the changes in output rates, so that intake changes become entirely predictable. It is suggested that other ways that have been proposed for predicting intake cannot be successful in predicting the effects of selection. Feeding behaviour is seen as being the means that the animal uses to attain its intake rather than being the means by which that intake can be predicted. Thus, the organisation of feeding behaviour can be used to predict neither intake nor the effects of selection on it.
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Dady, Zebedeus ,., Charles L. Kaunang, and Yohanis L. R. Tulung. "POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN TERNAK SAPI POTONG DENGAN POLA INTEGRASI KELAPA-SAPI DI KECAMATAN TABARU KABUPATEN HALMAHERA BARAT." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 14, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.14.1.2018.19557.
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This study aims to (1) Analyzing Potential of Beef Cattle Development with Pattern of Integration of Coconuts in Tabaru Subdistrict of West Halmahera Regency (2) fresh forage production coconut plant area in Tabaru Subdistrict of West Halmahera Regency (3) the nutrional content of forage the coconut plant area in Tabaru Subdistrict of West Halmahera Regency (4) potential population of cattle and animal unit (AU) in Tabaru Subdistrict of West Halmahera Regency (5) revenue through integration and non integration in Tabaru Subdistrict of West Halmahera Regency. The research was conducted in Tabaru district of West Halmahera district since Desember 2017 to February 2018. The determination of respondents was performed using simple random sampling method. Criteria of respondents involved in this study were household farmers running a coco-beef integration, at least animal maintenance of more than one year and they had sold cattle. The results showed the particular characteristics of household farmers including coconut plantation ownership of 3.8 ha with the average number of animals of 10.2 heads, the average education level of primary school, the animal breeding experience of 12,7 years and animal maintenance purposes as beef production and animal labor. Management aspects of farm animals were still under the traditional maintenance systems, animals were resistant to disease, and house hold farmer knowledge on animal reproduction was still limited. Aspects of feed resources were positively supporting in the development of beef cattle under integration pattern, especially the nutritional value of forage and land carrying capacities and Livestock productivity aspects had quite well potential.
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Weiskirchen, Sabine, Katharina Weiper, René H. Tolba, and Ralf Weiskirchen. "All You Can Feed: Some Comments on Production of Mouse Diets Used in Biomedical Research with Special Emphasis on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010163.
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The laboratory mouse is the most common used mammalian research model in biomedical research. Usually these animals are maintained in germ-free, gnotobiotic, or specific-pathogen-free facilities. In these facilities, skilled staff takes care of the animals and scientists usually don’t pay much attention about the formulation and quality of diets the animals receive during normal breeding and keeping. However, mice have specific nutritional requirements that must be met to guarantee their potential to grow, reproduce and to respond to pathogens or diverse environmental stress situations evoked by handling and experimental interventions. Nowadays, mouse diets for research purposes are commercially manufactured in an industrial process, in which the safety of food products is addressed through the analysis and control of all biological and chemical materials used for the different diet formulations. Similar to human food, mouse diets must be prepared under good sanitary conditions and truthfully labeled to provide information of all ingredients. This is mandatory to guarantee reproducibility of animal studies. In this review, we summarize some information on mice research diets and general aspects of mouse nutrition including nutrient requirements of mice, leading manufacturers of diets, origin of nutrient compounds, and processing of feedstuffs for mice including dietary coloring, autoclaving and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide some critical views on the potential pitfalls that might result from faulty comparisons of grain-based diets with purified diets in the research data production resulting from confounding nutritional factors.
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Masele, Frank. "Zooarchaeology and Taphonomic Aspects of Later Stone Age Faunal Assemblage from Loiyangalani Site in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): 1073–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i3.18.
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The paper presents detailed zooarchaeological and taphonomic results on the Later Stone Age (LSA) faunal assemblage. The contributions of various taphonomic agents in the formation of the assemblage are accentuated. The assemblage is well-preserved and the majority of specimens are not highly weathered. Fluvial disturbance did not play a significant role and can be ruled out as a significant taphonomic agent in the formation. Results indicate that LSA humans exploited high-quality nutritional resources mainly of the large-sized animals and aquatic resources as extra sources of meat and fat. The assemblage preserves stone tools butchery marks (cut marks and percussion marks) and carnivore marks (tooth marks) albeit few. Overall, the faunal assemblage exhibits high anthropogenic inputs and marginal carnivore involvement.
Keywords: Zooarchaeology; Taphonomy; Later Stone Age; Serengeti National Park; Loiyangalani; Tanzania
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Gubareva, Ye, A. Panchenko, Mikhail Maydin, Ye Fedoros, Margarita Tyndyk, G. Lnus, Vladimir Anisimov, and Galina Kireeva. "DISRUPTED DAILY OSCILLATIONS OF CLOCK GENES EXPRESSION AND CLOCK PROTEINS CONTENT IN TUMORS AND DISTANT TISSUES IN HER2/NEU TRANSGENIC MICE." Problems in oncology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2020-66-5-572-577.
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The connection between circadian rhythms and cancer is bilateral at the body and cellular level. Negative impact of tumor development on circadian rhythms represents one of its aspects. Materials and methods. 16 FVB/N and 16 FVB/N transgenic HER2/neu female mice were used in the experiment. 4 mice of each line were euthanized at ZT0 (light switch-on time), ZT6, ZT12 and ZT18. Bmal1, Clock and Cry1 gene expression was evaluated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, liver, mammary tissue and tumors by real-time PCR. Content of BMAL1 and CLOCK proteins in mammary tissue and tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Absence of clock genes expression and clock proteins content daily oscillations was observed in spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas of HER2/neu transgenic mice. We also revealed decrease in peak values of clock genes expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, liver and mammary gland in tumor- bearing animals. Conclusions. The obtained data confirm the hypothesis about disruption of circadian rhythms in breast tumors and negative influence of tumors on the rhythms of the whole organism.
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Anisimova, Svetlana A., Janna A. Svirina, and Denis A. Maksaev. "Modeling of fibrocystic mastopathy in experiment on animals." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 28, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj2020284429-436.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, hormonal imbalance is proven to be a factor that influences initiation of malignant and benign breast tumors. To study the aspects of participation of sex hormones in damage to organs and tissues, it may be necessary to model a common womens pathology fibrocystic disease of mammary glands characterized by the most pronounced effects of this pathogenetic factor, on experimental animals.
Aim. To create a model of fibrocystic disease of mammary gland with the subsequent possibility of studying morphological manifestations of the disease in natural and drug-induced pathomorphism.
Materials and Methods. The pathology was induced by intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml of 2% synestrol and 0.5 ml of 2.5% progesterone to virgin female rats on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days of the experiment. For examination, histological preparations of inguinal mammary glands were made. The preparations were described and studied using morphometric analysis.
Results. In the result of the experiment, pronounced macro- and microscopic alterations of mammary glands were found. Microscopic picture was similar to that observed in fibrocystic mastopathy in women. Almost all the morphometric parameters underwent reliable alterations in correspondence with the given pathology.
Conclusion. A model of fibrocystic disease of mammary gland was obtained that may be used for further study of morphogenesis and methods of correction.
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Roura, E., and M. Navarro. "Physiological and metabolic control of diet selection." Animal Production Science 58, no. 4 (2018): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16775.
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The fact that most farm animals have no dietary choice under commercial practices translates the dietary decisions to the carers. Thus, a lack of understanding of the principles of dietary choices is likely to result in a high toll for the feed industry. In healthy animals, diet selection and, ultimately, feed intake is the result of factoring together the preference for the feed available with the motivation to eat. Both are dynamic states and integrate transient stimulus derived from the nutritional status, environmental and social determinants of the animal with hard-wired genetic mechanisms. Peripheral senses are the primary inputs that determine feed preferences. Some of the sensory aspects of feed, such as taste, are innate and genetically driven, keeping the hedonic value of feed strictly associated with a nutritional frame. Sweet, umami and fat tastes are all highly appetitive. They stimulate reward responses from the brain and reinforce dietary choices related to essential nutrients. In contrast, aroma (smell) recognition is a plastic trait and preferences are driven mostly by learned experience. Maternal transfer through perinatal conditioning and the individual’s own innate behaviour to try or to avoid novel feed (often termed as neophobia) are known mechanisms where the learning process strongly affects preferences. In addtition, the motivation to eat responds to episodic events fluctuating in harmony with the eating patterns. These signals are driven mainly by gastrointestinal hormones (such as cholecystokinin [CCK] and glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1]) and load. In addition, long-term events generate mechanisms for a sustainable nutritional homeostasis managed by tonic signals from tissue stores (i.e. leptin and insulin). Insulin and leptin are known to affect appetite by modulating peripheral sensory inputs. The study of chemosensory mechanisms related to the nutritional status of the animal offers novel tools to understand the dynamic states of feed choices so as to meet nutritional and hedonic needs. Finally, a significant body of literature exists regarding appetite driven by energy and amino acids in farm animals. However, it is surprising that there is scarcity of knowledge regarding what and how specific dietary nutrients may affect satiety. Thus, a better understanding on how bitter compounds and excess dietary nutrients (i.e. amino acids) play a role in no-choice animal feeding is an urgent topic to be addressed so that right choices can be made on the animal’s behalf.
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Davison, Allan, Eunice Rousseau, and Bruce Dunn. "Putative anticarcinogenic actions of carotenoids: nutritional implications." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 732–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-110.
Full textAbstract:
This review provides an update on nutritional aspects of carotenoids (as distinct from retinoids), with specific relevance to anticarcinogenesis. Critical gaps remain in our knowledge of the nutritional functions of carotenoids despite an overwhelming accumulation of research data in areas tangential to human nutrition. In addition to their roles as precursors of retinol and retinoids, carotenoids have distinct functions of their own in animals and humans. In vitro they are antioxidants with a broad range of potencies. In vivo, they protect porphyries against sunlight. The evidence for anticarcinogenic actions of β-carotene in certain specified test situations is persuasive. Nevertheless, despite a large number of studies demonstrating protection by carotenoids, the characteristics that render a given carotenoid effective and the relative efficacy of the individual carotenoids are not known. Moreover, dose–response and pharmacokinetic relationships remain virtually unexplored. Research to uncover mechanisms of protection by carotenoids is, for technical reasons, painfully slow. Epidemiological studies reveal associations but not cause and effect. To explore cause and effect, intervention trials are underway, hampered by the paucity of data regarding optimal choice of carotenoid, dosage, and regimen. The in vitro test systems that would provide this information are not available because the molecular sites relevant to the chemopreventive action of carotenoids are obscure. Each of these problems has a solution, but not a simple one. Until these are resolved, blanket recommendations regarding supplementation will remain problematic. To this point, health authorities have not recommended dietary supplementation with carotenoids. Instead, they recommend increased consumption of yellow and dark green carotenoid-rich vegetables. In the future, an individual at risk for a particular carcinogenic process may be recommended a supplement of the most appropriate anticarcinogen, specific to their individual endowment of genetic and environmental risk factors. This review emphasizes not only what is known but also what is not known. Consequently we identify priorities for research that, if undertaken, will allow such recommendations to be made or discounted with more confidence.Key words: β-carotene, carotenoids, free radicals, antioxidants, carcinogenesis, chemoprevention.
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Valentim, Jean Kaique, Janaína Palermo Mendes, Bruna Barreto Przybulinski, Felipe Cardoso Serpa, Deivid Kelly Barbosa, Vivian Aparecida Rios Castilho, and Rita Therezinha Rolim Pietramale. "Fatores Nutricionais Aplicados à Reprodução de Ruminantes." UNICIÊNCIAS 23, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2019v23n2p77-82.
Full textAbstract:
Os animais de produção estão sendo modificados através de um intenso melhoramento genético, buscando intensificar seu desempenho para atender a demanda mundial em quesitos de alimentação. Essa maximização de desempenho demanda um acréscimo nutricional, e este por sua vez pode afetar as funções reprodutivas. Vários estudos mostram que a reprodução pode ser comprometida se as necessidades nutricionais dos animais não forem atendidas. Esta demanda nutricional afeta diretamente a função dos órgãos reprodutivos e o funcionamento do sistema endócrino, podendo interferir na taxa de fertilidade destes animais. A nutrição tem influência na fertilidade, diretamente por meio do fornecimento de nutrientes específicos, que são necessários para os processos de desenvolvimento do folículo, de ovulação, de maturação oocitária, de fertilização, de sobrevivência embrionária e o estabelecimento da gestação e, indiretamente, atuando sobre as concentrações circulantes dos hormônios e outros metabólitos sensíveis aos nutrientes que são requeridos para o sucesso destes processos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é obter uma revisão de literatura atualizada sobre o contexto recente da influência de fatores nutricionais sobre os aspectos reprodutivos de animais ruminantes. Palavras-chave: Nutrição. Metabolismo. Fertilidade. Ruminantes. AbstractThe farm animals are being modified through an intensive genetic improvement seeking to increase their performance to meet the global demand on power issues. This performance maximization demands an extra nutritional and this in turn can affect the reproductive functions. Several studies show that the reproduction can be compromised if the animal’s nutritional needs are met. This nutritional demand directly affects the function of the reproductive organs and the functioning of the endocrine system and may interfere with fertility rate of these animals. Nutrition affects fertility, directly through the provision of specific nutrients that are required for the processes of development of follicle maturation, ovulation, oocyte , fertilization, embryo survival and the establishment of pregnancy; and, indirectly, acting on circulating concentrations of hormones and other metabolites sensitive to nutrients that are required for the success of these processes. The goal of this work was to obtain an updated literature review with recent studies related to nutritional aspects involved in the ruminant animals reproduction. Keywords: Nutrition. Metabolism. Fertility. Ruminants.