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1
Dwi, Arnoldi. "PENGELASAN TUNGSTEN BIT PADA DRILL BIT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LAS ASETILIN." AUSTENIT 2, no. 2 (2010): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4544128.
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Berdasarkan definisi dari Dutche industrie Normen (DIN) Las adalah ikatan metalurgi pada sambungan logam atau logam paduan yang dilaksanakan dalam keadaan lumer atau cair. Dari defenisi tersebut dapat di jabarkan bahwa las adalah sambungan setempat dari beberapa batang logam dengan menggunakan energi panas. Menurut jenisnya pengelasan dibagi dua macam yaitu pengelasan listrik dan pengelasan gas. Prinsip kedua pengelasan tersebut pada dasarnya sama, yaitu dengan prinsip pencairan logam. Akan tetapi pada las gas menggunakan panas yang dihasilkan dari nyala api hasil pembakaran bahan bakar gas dengan zat asam atau oksigen sebagai energinya. Pada pengelasan drill bit menggunakan las oxy- asetylin akan lebih baik dan sempurna apabila memakai kawat las yaitu tungsten bit. Bahan yang digunakan dalam proses pengelasan tungsten bit pada drill bit dengan menggunakan las asetelin adalah: Drill bit yang akan di perbaiki, Kawat las yang digunakan Tungsten bit, Kawat las kuningan, Burax. Pengelasan tungsten bit pada drill bit dengan asetelin adalah proses perbaikan mata drill bit dengan pencairan keduanya sehingga terbentuk kembali.
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Zhang, Li Gang, Tie Yan, and Shi Bin Li. "Design of High-Efficient Bits for Igneous Rock in Xushen Gasfield." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.308.
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The igneous rocks in deep formations of the Xushen gasfield have the following characters: high abrasive property, high hardness, and high drillability, which lead to many drill bit accidents, few footage per bit , low efficiency of drilling, long drilling cycle, these severely restrict the exploration and development process of gas field. According to the features of deep formation, a hybird cutters bit is designed. It has three cones, with the overhang cone , duplicate taper and offset cone characters. The tungsten carbide cutters and the polycrystalline diamond compacts cutters are alternative collocation in the same tooth row in the bit. The exposed height of the tungsten carbide cutters is higher than polycrystalline diamond compacts cutters. The back rake angle of polycrystalline diamond compacts cutters is 10 ~ 40 °, the side rake angle is 10 ~ 30 °. The normal direction of working face stay the same with the composite slip direction, and the side rake pointed at adjacent gullet. Through the design method, it is integrated that the advantages of roller bit and PDC bit, the way of impact breakage and rotational shear breakage and the prominent performance of tungsten carbide cutters and polycrystalline diamond compacts cutters. It can improveROP and bit life.
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Peng, J. L., Long Chen Duan, Hao Shi, and Shao Lin Xu. "Study on Bit Body Materials Made of Tungsten Carbide and Steel Shot." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.381.
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This paper introduces a new kind of diamond bit body material. The characteristics of this material are as follows: the outer bit body cast with tungsten-carbide and the inside is steel shot. So the bit body has got high wear resistance on the outside and good mechanical properties inside at the same time. The mechanical properties inside and the wear resistance outside of the bit were tested. The paper also introduces how to apply a film of mixture of glue-included tungsten-carbide on the surface of the bit mold and graphite stick. The improvements of mechanical properties inside and maintenance of wear resistance outside have made much choice to design wider and deeper junk slots. Thus the performance of bit has been improved.
4
Kozhevnikov, A. "Tungsten Carbide Core Drill Bit STK." Nauka ta innovacii 2, no. 3 (2006): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scin2.03.098.
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Toshov, Javokhir, Doniyor Fozilov, Kassym Yelemessov, et al. "Increasing the durability of drill bit teeth by changing its manufacturing technology." Metal Working and Material Science 26, no. 4 (2024): 112–24. https://doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2024-26.4-112-124.
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Introduction. The development of the mining industry requires increasing the durability and safe tool performance life. For bits of mining drilling machines, this problem is often solved by improving the material of the teeth of these bits. The paper presents the results of a study on the development of a technology for the manufacture of hard-alloy drill bits with increased wear resistance and testing of prototypes when drilling hard rocks. Changes in technology have led to changes in the shape of the tooth. Also, purer tungsten powder was used as the initial component. Research methods. The paper studies carbide teeth of bits manufactured at JSC Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine using standard and modified technology. Its structure and chemical composition were studied. Results and discussion. New methods for performing technological operations for the manufacture of carbide teeth (pins) and steel pin bits are developed and mastered. Tungsten-cobalt teeth were manufactured using VK10KS (90 %W; 10 % Co) hard alloy, produced using tungsten carbide powder synthesized by carbidization of purified tungsten powder. The shape of the tooth surface was changed from ballistic to semi-ballistic. Metallic cobalt powder was used as a binder. Pin bits of the KNSh40×25 type are made of 0.35 C-Cr-Mn-Si steel. Tests of experimental bits were carried out at several mines, as a result of which its suitability for drilling rocks with a hardness of f` = 14–18 was established. The results of industrial operation showed that the durability of the teeth of bits manufactured by JSC Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine is not significantly inferior to bits from European manufacturers. At the same time, the cost of such bits is several times lower.
6
Boldyreva, A. S. "MATERIAL FOR APPLYING A WEAR-RESISTANT COATING OF THE DIAMOND BIT BODY BY DETONATION METHOD." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 25, no. 4(2) (2023): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2023-25-4(2)-233-237.
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This article discusses carbide tungsten carbide materials for detonation coating of the diamond bit body. Various properties of these materials with their different composition are considered. Based on the above analysis, taking into account the most important characteristics (adhesion of the sprayed material to the surface of the bit body, microhardness and wear of the carbide coating) the material most suitable for surfacing the body of a six-blade PDC chisel has been selected. The coupling of the selected carbide material (VK 12) with the surface of the bit body during detonation spraying with the required coating thickness of 200 microns is presented.
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Saeedi, R., and MH Sadeghi. "Investigation of insert-hole interference fit influence on downhole drilling bit failure." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 14 (2020): 1752–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405420927831.
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Down-the-hole drilling is a reliable method for drilling in medium-to-hard geological structures. The insert-hole fitting interference value emerges as one of the most important factors of down-the-hole drilling bit life. In this study, fatigue tests were conducted using a tungsten carbide pin press-fitted into a hole in the specimens of DIN 1.6580 steel (which is used for manufacturing the bit body) to quantify the effect of interference value on the bit body failure. Then, the process of bit-rock collision was simulated using three-dimensional finite element method taking into account the residual stresses in the insert and bit body to determine the optimal interference value. Simulations were performed considering the rotary motion of the bit in addition to impact for a single-insert as well as a commercial 3.5 inch bit. Results showed that the interference value influences fatigue life significantly. Also, the velocity and angle of impact have considerable influence on body stresses. Results of this study can greatly assist the design of insert-hole manufacturing tolerances in down-the-hole bits.
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Lee, Juyoung, Dong-Gwan Yoon, Jae-Min Sim, and Yun-Heub Song. "Impact of Residual Stress on a Polysilicon Channel in Scaled 3D NAND Flash Memory." Electronics 10, no. 21 (2021): 2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212632.
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The effects of residual stress on a tungsten gate in a polysilicon channel in scaled 3D NAND flash memories were investigated using a technology computer-aided design simulation. The NAND strings, with respect to the distance from the tungsten slit, were also analyzed. The scaling of the spacer thickness and hole diameter induced compressive stress on the polysilicon channel. Moreover, the residual stress of polysilicon channel in the string near the tungsten slit had greater compressive stress than the string farther away. The increase in compressive stress in the polysilicon channel degraded the Bit-Line current (Ion) due to stress-induced electron mobility deterioration. Moreover, a threshold voltage shift (∆Vth) occurred in the negative direction due to conduction band lowering.
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Xu, Liang, Yi Bo Liu, and Qiang Xu. "Segment Matrix Design and Drilling Test of Diamond Bit for Sapphire." Materials Science Forum 1018 (January 2021): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1018.177.
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This paper introduces the characteristics of sapphire and sapphire digging bits in LED field. The segment matrix design principle of bit and the rule of diamond selection are put forward. In addition, this paper analyzes the function of different metal powders and diamond parameters in the segment matrix. The results show that the finer grained (for example 80/100 mesh) diamond should be used with the concentrations of 30-60%. In the segment matrix, tin element can make the matrix more brittle and then the bit is sharper. Copper, silver and nickel element can enhance the matrix toughness and strength, cobalt and tungsten element can increase abrasive resistance. All of the above designs enable the sapphire bit to high sharpness and long life. A 4-inch sapphire bit was prepared for drilling sapphire crystal, the efficiency is increased by 8% than the Taiwan drill bit with the same specifications, the life is equal to Taiwan's drill bit, and the defect rate of sapphire bar is less than 0.5%, which satisfies the requirement of customers.
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Shankar, Vijay Kumar, Bijay Mihir Kunar, Chivukula Suryanarayana Murthy, and M. R. Ramesh. "Measurement of bit-rock interface temperature and wear rate of the tungsten carbide drill bit during rotary drilling." Friction 8, no. 6 (2020): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2.
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Lee, Won-Jun, Jeongeui Hong, and Sa-Kyun Rha. "Thermally Stable Tungsten Bit-line Process Flow for the Capacitor Over Bit-line-Type Dynamic Random-Access Memory." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 39, Part 1, No. 6A (2000): 3344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.39.3344.
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Wang, Minsheng, Lingchao Xuan, Lei Wang, and Jiangshuai Wang. "Performance and Formula Optimization of Graphene-Modified Tungsten Carbide Coating to Improve Adaptability to High-Speed Fluid Flow in Wellbore." Processes 12, no. 4 (2024): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12040714.
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In order to improve the erosion resistance of steel PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) bit under high-speed fluid flow conditions underground, it is necessary to develop a high-performance erosion-resistant coating. In this paper, laser cladding was used to prepare the new coating by modifying tungsten carbide with graphene. And the effects of tungsten carbide content and graphene content on the coating performance have been thoroughly studied and analyzed to obtain the optimal covering layer. The research results indicate that, for new coatings, 60% tungsten carbide and 0.3% graphene are the optimal ratios. After adding tungsten carbide, the hardness has significantly improved. However, when the tungsten carbide content further increases more than 30%, the increase in hardness is limited. In addition, when the content of graphene is more than 0.3%, the branched structure becomes thicker. In detail, this is a phenomenon where the segregation of Cr, Si, and W becomes very obvious again, and the segregation of Fe occurs at the Ni enrichment site. The research results contribute to the development and optimization of high-quality erosion-resistant coatings under the high-speed flow conditions in wellbore. These are of great significance for improving the efficiency of oil and gas exploration and development.
13
Senjoba, Lesego, Jo Sasaki, Yoshino Kosugi, Hisatoshi Toriya, Masaya Hisada, and Youhei Kawamura. "One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for Drill Bit Failure Detection in Rotary Percussion Drilling." Mining 1, no. 3 (2021): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining1030019.
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Drill bit failure is a prominent concern in the drilling process of any mine, as it can lead to increased mining costs. Over the years, the detection of drill bit failure has been based on the operator’s skills and experience, which are subjective and susceptible to errors. To enhance the efficiency of mining operations, it is necessary to implement applications of artificial intelligence to produce a superior method for drill bit monitoring. This research proposes a new and reliable method to detect drill bit failure in rotary percussion drills using deep learning: a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) with time-acceleration as input data. 18 m3 of granite rock were drilled horizontally using a rock drill and intact tungsten carbide drill bits. The time acceleration of drill vibrations was measured using acceleration sensors mounted on the guide cell of the rock drill. The drill bit failure detection model was evaluated on five drilling conditions: normal, defective, abrasion, high pressure, and misdirection. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 88.7%. The proposed model was compared to three state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep learning neural networks. The model outperformed SOTA methods in terms of classification accuracy. Our method provides an automatic and reliable way to detect drill bit failure in rotary percussion drills.
14
Yashkym, Roman, and Andriy Slipchuk. "Refinement technology pressing of tungsten carbide inset cutter in roller cone bit." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 7(1229) (May 13, 2017): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2017.07.15.
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Zhang, Xi, Li Sheng Zhong, Xin Wang, Yun Hua Xu, Hong Wu, and Yong Hong Fu. "Fracture Toughness of Tungsten Carbide Reinforced Fe-Matrix Surface Composites." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1453.
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Tungsten carbide (WC) reinforced Fe-matrix surface composites were prepared by in-situ synthesis between tungsten plate and graphite in grey cast iron. The microstructure, fracture toughness, and fracture of the WC layer were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Vickers indentation technique, respectively. The results revealed that heat treated at 1125°C for 135min in argon atmosphere the main phase was WC with a bit of α-Fe. The fracture toughness (KIC) of the WC layer calculated using the Niihara’s equation, was 5.21 MPa·m1/2. Fractographic observations revealed that cracks propagated along the grain boundary under 2 kg loads. Moreover, both the WC particles and the interface between the WC layer and the matrix had a strong bonding strength.
16
Yoan Mardiana, Ramadhan, and Sepanya Pasaribu. "The Effects of PDC Cutter Geometries to the Drilling Dynamics in Various Geothermal Rocks: A Comprehensive Study Using Advanced Drilling Dynamics Simulation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1014, no. 1 (2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1014/1/012006.
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Abstract Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit has been used widely in drilling operations since a long time ago. However, the utilization of this bit in Indonesia’s geothermal drilling has just recently started in 2016, thanks to the rapid development of PDC cutter grades and shapes in the last decade. Prior to that, the geothermal drilling operation relied on Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) bit to drill the hard formations. The crushing action of the insert bit is very durable to remove the rocks. However, the seal and bearing limit the life of these bit types, causing multiple bit runs in a long drilling section. PDC bit offers longer drilling periods if the cutters are still in good condition. However, the nature of geothermal formation usually consists of hard rocks with fractures that can reduce the durability of the conventional flat PDC cutters. To overcome this weakness and optimize drilling operation,. Instead of having a flat surface, new PDC cutters have different 3D shapes. Each has different benefits: improving cutter strength against impact, increasing aggressiveness and depth of cut, or enhancing wear resistance towards abrasive formations. Advance drilling dynamics simulation helps analyze which cutter types will be more suitable for different geothermal rocks characteristics. The simulation is based on 4D Finite Element Analysis, which models the interaction between the cutting structures and the drilled formation. The result shows the dynamic drilling response of each cutter on different rocks, including the generated vibration, the cutter’s depth of cut distribution on the bit face, and the potential wear pattern on the bit. This paper then discusses which cutter and PDC bit type will be more beneficial for geothermal drilling based on the bit aggressiveness and durability to optimize the drilling operation.
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Gadalov, V. N., V. M. Brodsky, E. A. Filatov, and A. V. Filonovic. "Results of the experimental bits bench test, equipped with the compound built-up layers." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2008-05.
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The article shows the results of performance laboratory studies of compound built-up layers, as well as benches of the pilot tests of the drilling bit rolling cutters, equipped on the bit gage surface of the compound built-up layer; the hardening layers were located along the gage teeth contour. The cast tungsten carbide building-up welding on experimental bits was carried out using a gas-flame method. The induction method of building-up welding was implemented on the rolling cutters of the serial bits. The article shows the results of comparative indicators of serial and experimental bits when their processing on the bench. It was found that experimental bits were more efficient than the serial ones. The estimation of the performance laboratory tests results was confirmed by tests on the bench under pilot conditions of the rolling cutter bits drilling, equipped on the bit gage surface by the compound built-up layer.
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Lee, Joo-Wan, Jun Ki Kim, Soo-Hyun Kim, et al. "Physical and Electrical Characteristics of Physical Vapor-Deposited Tungsten for Bit Line Process." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 43, no. 12 (2004): 8007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.43.8007.
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Tkalich, Dmitry, Alexandre Kane, Afaf Saai, et al. "Wear of cemented tungsten carbide percussive drill–bit inserts: Laboratory and field study." Wear 386-387 (September 2017): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.05.010.
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Yang, Jun De, Zhong Ping Luo, Fan Lu, and Yuan Wang. "Research on Embedding Strength of Diamond." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.560.
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It is stated that Diamond saw blades requires high embedding strength of the diamond, while diamond drill bits do not. It is necessary to improve the embedding strength of diamond in diamond saw blades, rather than in the diamond drilling bits. It is recommended to count the number of diamond particles on the matrix surface and get the embedding strength of diamond by calculation. Another recommendation is to use the compound powder of cobalt and tungsten carbide for pelletizing in order to improve the embedding strength of diamond and lower the cost of matrix. There are people studying how to raise embedding strength of diamond, for both diamond saw blades and diamond drilling bit. However, the requirements for embedding strength of diamond saw blades and diamond drilling bit are different. The following parts include the analysis for this problem.
21
Marshall, Jonathan. "Opium, Tungsten, and the Search for National Security, 1940–52." Journal of Policy History 3, no. 4 (1991): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600007442.
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If Indochina goes, several things happen right away. The Malayan Peninsula, that last bit of land hanging on down there, would be scarcely defensible—and tin and tungsten that we so greatly value from that area would cease coming. … So, when the United States votes $400,000,000 to help that war, we are not voting for a giveaway program. We are voting for the cheapest way that we can to prevent the occurance of something that would be of the most terrible significance for the United States of America—our security, our power, and ability to get certain things we need from the riches of … Southeast Asia.—President Dwight Eisenhower, speech to Conference of Governors, 4 August 1953.
22
Qingpeng, Xue. "New type non-resharpening tungsten carbide button bit for light-duty percussion rock drifter." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 27, no. 2 (1990): A99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(90)95143-o.
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Koczkodaj, Sylwia, Jaroslaw Mizera, Dorota Moszczynska, et al. "Comparison of the performance properties of commercially produced roller cone bit coatings." Materials Science-Poland 41, no. 1 (2023): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0008.
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Abstract This paper studies the material aspects of roller cone bits with milled teeth. The research concerns the properties of commercial product overlays provided by the company Glinik Drilling Tools. The analyzed coatings were produced according to the company’s procedures using two surfacing methods: gas welding and plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding. Metallographic observations and chemical composition analyses were carried out. The evaluation criteria in the context of the surfacing application were mechanical properties: hardness, impact strength, and abrasion resistance. The overlays produced by gas welding were characterized by lower hardness, impact strength, and abrasion resistance. The study showed that it differed from the deposit made by the PTA method in the matrix material and in the average size of the tungsten carbides. The dissolution of primary carbides and formation of secondary carbides such as Fe3C and Ni17W3 were found to occur in both surfacing types. This contributes to the increased brittleness of the matrix and reduced wear resistance of the materials.
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Slipchuk, Andrii, Roman Jakym, and Yurii Novitskyi. "Improvement in the construction of the “Tungsten carbide insert cutter - cone” joint for tricone drill bits." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 8, no. 3 (2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2022.03.025.
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Meet a claim is quite difficult in real production, even in specialized drilling manufacturers. Therefore, the development of reliable criteria for approaches to improving the technology of tricone drill bits is an urgent problem. This is great practical importance for domestic enterprise. The task is set to create rock-destroying insert in the basis of the developed construction. This allows you to increase the reliability of the connection between the cutter insert and the body of the cone. Favourable conditions should be provided for the rational distribution of contact stresses in conjugate surfaces "carbide cutter insert – bush – body of cone". Crucial part here is required rigidity of the carbide cutter insert. Advanced requirements are placed on them regardless of the design and dimension-type of tricone drill bits. They must have higher requirements such as: high reliability, durability of responsible elements of support and rock-destroying equipment, productivity, ability is stand destructive forces and torque are brought through a bit for influence on a face This increases the reliability of its connection with the body of the drill bit. Requirements apply to the design to provide favorable conditions for the rational distribution of contact stresses in conjugate surfaces "carbide cutter – bush – body of the bit cone". The obtained results of stress state modeling indicate that, as expected, with the same forces acting on the insert cutter from 42 kN to 57 kN, the most intense place on the cone will be the "collar" near the cutter. The intensity of stress will be up to 1050 MPa in this place for cones with serial rock-destroying equipment. At the same time, the intensity of stress will be up to 900 MPa for cones with developed destructive equipment, this is 14 % less.
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Kumar, P. Saravana, and P. Hariharan. "An investigation of Drilling characteristics of Carbon-Carbon composites by Acoustic emission process." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13, no. 8 (2017): 6432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i8.5734.
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Titanium coated tungsten carbide (Ti-WC) drill bit was used for drilling on the carbon-carbon composites laminates. The drilling speed was varied between 1000 to 3000 rpm with different feed rate of the drill. With respect to the time, the thrust force exerted on the laminates and the torque induced were assessed through acoustic emission process. The delamination factor (Fd) has been determined from the top surface of the drill holes through scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The results obtained from the test specimen depending on the variation of the feed rate and the speed of the drill were discussed in detail.Â
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Ratov, B. T., and V. A. Mechnik. "Increasing the durability of an impregnated diamond core bit for drilling hard rocks." SOCAR Proceedings, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5510/ogp20240100936.
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Wear rates of impregnated diamond core bits made from two composite diamond-containing materials (CDM) are studied by spark plasma sintering (SPS) in the temperature range 20–1350 ºC at a pressure of 30 MPa for 3 minutes while drilling granite. The addition of chromium diboride (CrB2) micropowder in an amount equal to 2% of the composition of CDM 25Cdiam–70.5WC–4.5Co leads to a twofold decrease in the wear rate. The wear resistance of crowns made from CDM 25Cdiam–70.5WC–4.5Co and 25Cdiam–68.62WC–4.38Co‒2CrB2 is maximized at a rotary speed of 250 rpm and an axial load of 900 kg, and minimized at 750 rpm and 1250 kg. The increase in wear resistance of the 25Cdiam–68.62WC–4.38Co‒2CrB2 crown is due to the refinement of the grains of the main wolfram carbide (WC) phase and the formation of strong adhesion of the diamond grains to the carbide matrix. Keywords: impregnated diamond core bit; composite; tungsten carbide; cobalt; chromium diboride; durability; spark plasma sintering.
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Furutani, Katsushi, and Hisashi Kamiishi. "Percussive Rock Surface Remover Driven by Solenoid with Planer Motion for Lunar Exploration." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 5 (2017): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0911.
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This paper deals with a percussive rock surface crusher driven with a solenoid to smoothen the sample surface by a 2-axis planar motion. The weathered rock surface should be removed and smoothened before analyzing its structure and composition precisely. The solenoid, which generates a large vibration amplitude and a large impulsive force, was used to vibrate a tool bit with engineered 1-mm pyramids made of tungsten carbide. The tool bit was fixed parallel to the feed direction or with a skew. A rock sample was moved by a stage with movable ranges for the machining of 10 mm and 20 mm in the x- and y-directions, respectively. The sample paths were randomly generated in 1 or 2 directions. In the comparisons of the surface roughness, the 2-axis motion and tool skew not only allowed isotropic and small roughness but also the removal of more amount due to the removed debris. The roughness reached several tens of micrometers without a certain special frequency component. This level allows for component analysis by X-ray fluorescence or laser-induced breakdown spectrometer.
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Suprijono, Herwin, and Dewa Kusuma Wijaya. "Optimasi Permesinan CNC Router untuk Proses Cutting Material Kayu Mahoni Menggunakan Mata Pahat End Mill 3mm Tungsten Carbide." JURNAL TEKNIK INDUSTRI 10, no. 3 (2020): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jti.v10i3.8408.
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Intisari— Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi proses cutting dari mesin CNC Router tipe G-Weike WK1212. Optimasi yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mencari nilai level setting optimal proses cutting material kayu mahoni menggunakan mata pahat end mill. Penelitian ini merupakan lanjutan dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya menggunakan mesin CNC serupa dengan material kayu mahoni, namun pada penelitian ini penambahan beberapa parameter respon perlu dilakukan oleh karena pertimbangan masa pakai mata pahat end mill yang digunakan untuk proses cutting material kayu tersebut. Mata pahat end mill yang digunakan pada penelitian ini memiliki karakteristik diameter pisau 3mm dengan 4 mata pisau spiral dan terbuat dari material tungsten carbide. Mata pahat tersebut memiliki harga yang relatif mahal di pasaran, sehingga parameter pengujian terkait mata pahat tersebut perlu dilakukan untuk meminimalisir cracking saat proses cutting. Parameter multi respon yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi waktu proses aktual, dimensi panjang dan lebar hasil proses, kedalaman potong, temperatur dan tingkat cracking mata pahat end mill. Faktor yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kecepatan spindel, kecepatan gerak pemakanan dan kedalaman potong per layer. Metode optimasi pada penelitian ini berbasis Design of Experiment (DoE) menggunakan metode Full Factorial Design dan optimasi plot multi respon. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai level setting yang optimal untuk kecepatan spindel adalah 7 step, kecepatan gerak pemakanan adalah 6 step dan kedalaman potong per layer adalah 0,25mm. Nilai level setting optimal tersebut menghasilkan waktu proses minimal sebesar 14,31 menit, kedalaman potong sebesar 21,91mm, panjang sebesar 19,89mm, lebar sebesar 19,86mm, temperature mata pahat sebesar 57,7oC dan tingkat cracking sebesar 0.Abstract— This research aims to optimize cutting process of the G-Weike WK1212 CNC Router machine. The objective of this optimization is to find the optimal setting level for cutting process of mahogany wood using end mill router bit. This research is a continuation of previously research that has been done using a similar CNC machine to process mahogany wood material, but in this research the addition of several response parameters needs to be done because of the life time consideration from end mill router bit that used for the wood material cutting process. The end mill router bit that used in this research has a characteristic which is blade diameter is 3mm with 4 spiral blades and is made from tungsten carbide. That end mill router blade has a relatively expensive price on the market, so that the test parameters related to the tool blade need to be done to minimize cracking during cutting process. The multi response parameters used in this reserach include actual processing time, length and width dimensions from the process, depth of cut, temperature and cracking rate of the end mill router bit. The factors used in this research were spindle speed, motion speed feeding and depth of cut per layer. Optimization method in this research is based on Design of Experiment (DoE) using Full Factorial Design method and multi response plot optimization. The results of this study indicate that the optimal setting level value for spindle speed is 7 steps, the motion speed feeding is 6 steps and the depth per layer cut is 0.25mm. The optimal setting level value produces a minimum processing time is 14.31 minutes, depth of cut is 21.91mm, length is 19.89mm, width is 19.86mm, end mill router bit temperature is 57.7oC and cracking rate is 0.
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Liu, X. Y., Xiao Liang Shi, Long Chen Duan, and Fu Ling Tang. "Research on Diamond Enhanced Rare-Earth and Iron-Rich Carbide Tungsten Composite Button and Its Bit." Key Engineering Materials 259-260 (March 2004): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.259-260.97.
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Al-Shammaa, Fathi, Amar Hussein Al-Allaq, and Mohaimen Habeeb Makki. "Experimental and Modeling Study of Abrasive Wear of Tungsten Carbide Drilling Bit in Wet and Dry Conditions." Journal of Engineering 20, no. 3 (2023): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2014.03.05.
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The results of theoretical and experimental investigations carried out to study the effect of load and relative sliding speed on the abrasive wear behavior in drilling bit teeth surfaces of an insert tungsten carbide bit have been presented. Experimentally, an apparatus for abrasive wear tests conducted on the modified ASTM-G65 was modified and fabricated to facilitate loading and measurement of wear rate for the sand/ steel wheel abrasion test, which involves two cases of contact; first is at dry sand and second is under wet condition. These tests have been carried under varied operating parameters of normal load and sliding speed. A theoretical model based upon the Archard equation has been developed for predicting wear simulation by using ANSYS12.1 program for dry and wet abrasive wear rates. The general trend for all the results of wet tests is that an increase in the applied load as well as wheel rotational speed produces an increase in wear rate, while at the dry tests the behavior shows an increase and fluctuating in wear rate due to the transition in wear mechanism. As compared to the dry tests, the volume losses in wet tests have much higher values, that is because the presence of water which causes high adhesion between sand particles and specimen surface as well as wear-corrosion interaction which accelerate the wear rates. The percentage errors between theoretical and experimental results are more stable with the wet than dry tests due to the stability in wear rates.
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Shipunov, Sergey. "PRODUCTION TESTS OF A NEW DESIGN DRILL BIT WHEN DRILLING WELLS IN A QUARRY." Naukovyi visnyk Donetskoho natsionalnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu 1, no. 14 (2025): 266–73. https://doi.org/10.31474/2415-7902-2025-1-14-266-273.
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Abstract. The article considers production tests of a new design drill bit for drilling holes in a quarry. The main attention is paid to studying the resource and drilling speed of a drill bit with carbide inserts of a new design. Purpose. It is to increase the drilling speed by using the proposed new design of cutting inserts made of a cermet alloy using the example of the KNSh-90M drill bit. Methodology. The research methodology is based on a combination of experimental, analytical and mathematical approaches. Experimental part: synthesis of alloys of different compositions (using powder metallurgy technologies or other methods) and formation of carbide inserts of non-standard sizes. Use of statistical methods to build models of the dependence between the alloy composition and its tensile strength. Correlation analysis to assess the significance of each component and validation of results - comparison of the obtained results with the data given in the literature and substantiation of the optimal composition of the hard alloy to ensure maximum performance when drilling wells in a quarry. Results. A new design of a drill bit has been developed for drilling explosive wells in a quarry. The improved design has hard alloy inserts of a new two-layer composition. Scientific novelty. Application of a comprehensive analysis of the composition of the material and its influence on the key mechanical characteristic - the bending strength. This scientific novelty consists in studying the relationship between the composition of hard alloy inserts (in particular, the proportions of cobalt, tungsten and other components) and the structural features of the material and makes the article relevant both for fundamental science and for industrial practice, contributing to the development of innovative approaches in creating materials with improved characteristics. Practical significance. Optimization of the composition of the hard alloy to achieve a balance between strength and wear resistance, assessment of the impact of introducing alloying elements or modifying the matrix. Keywords: well, bit, bending strength, carbide insert, rock-breaking tool.
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Xue Qingpeng, Gong Xiujun, and Wang Dezhi. "Application results of a new type non-resharpening tungsten carbide button bit for light duty rock drifter." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 29, no. 4 (1992): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(92)90812-e.
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Ratov, B. T., A. E. Kuttybaev, S. K. Muratova, M. D. Sarbopeyeva, A. B. Kalzhanova, and A. A. Zhangirkhanova. "Preparation of CrB2 mixtures and formation of briquettes for drill bit composites." Neft i Gaz, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2024-3.02.
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The research described in the article concerns advanced methods of creating composite materials for drill bits used in extreme conditions of deep wells. The main attention is paid to development of multicomponent mixtures that ensure uniform distribution of powders of tungsten carbide, cobalt, chromium diboride and diamond. This is achieved through careful selection of particle size and proportions, which is critically important to ensure high strength and wear resistance of final materials. The Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method was chosen for the production of samples of carbide matrices and composite diamond-containing materials because of its ability to provide high density and uniformity of the material. SPS allows temperature and pressure control during sintering process, which contributes to the formation of materials with optimal physical properties. The article also discusses in detail design parameters of the diamond bit, including the choice of grain size of diamond powder and other components. These meters have been optimized to max-imize drilling efficiency and extend tool life. The diamond powders used in study were obtained from De Beers, South Africa and are characterized by high quality and uniformity. The results presented in the article can have a significant impact on future production of drilling tools, offering new approaches to choice of materials and methods of their processing, which ultimately can lead lower drilling costs and increased process safety. These innovations can also contribute to more efficient development of new fields, which is of great importance for the energy industry and the mining industry.
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Newman, Katelyn E., Chris K. Mechefske, Markus Timusk, and Dustin Helm. "Rotary-percussive drill bit condition prediction using traditional feature engineering and neural network-based feature extraction." Proceedings of the International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Asset Management 2023, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/cm2023.2e2.
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Condition monitoring of replaceable components in underground drill rigs using machine learning is a difficult task, as the operating conditions may vary considerably between each hole. To model this nuanced data with acceptable performance, feature extraction must be performed, either by field experts or using automated machine learning architectures. This work compares the use of traditional feature extraction techniques to neural network-based automatic feature extraction for a rotary-percussive underground hydraulic drill rig. A dataset was created for the purpose of predicting the condition of drill bits with tungsten carbide button inserts, and consists of both operational pressures, as well as signals from an accelerometer and a microphone. Two feature extraction approaches are compared using data collected under controlled operating conditions. The first approach uses traditional features including kurtosis, FFT features, and wavelet features. Feature selection and bit condition prediction are performed using a Random Forest model. The second approach uses neural networks to automatically extract features from raw data. Convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks are used in the automatic feature extraction approach. The traditional feature extraction approach is sufficient for binary classification of bit condition, while the automatic neural network-based feature extraction approach is superior when prediction is scaled up to a more complex multi-class problem.
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Luo, Yongzhen, Xidong Ding, Tianci Chen, Tao Su, and Dihu Chen. "Measurement and Control System for Atomic Force Microscope Based on Quartz Tuning Fork Self-Induction Probe." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (2023): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010227.
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In this paper, we introduce a low-cost, expansible, and compatible measurement and control system for atomic force microscopes (AFM) based on a quartz tuning fork (QTF) self-sensing probe and frequency modulation, which is mainly composed of an embedded control system and a probe system. The embedded control system is based on a dual-core OMAPL138 microprocessor (DSP + ARM) equipped with 16 channels of a 16-bit high-precision general analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a 16-bit high-precision general digital-to-analog converter (DAC), six channels of an analog-to-digital converter with a second-order anti-aliasing filter, four channels of a direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS), a digital input and output (DIO) interface, and other peripherals. The uniqueness of the system hardware lies in the design of a high-precision and low-noise digital—analog hybrid lock-in amplifier (LIA), which is used to detect and track the frequency and phase of the QTF probe response signal. In terms of the system software, a software difference frequency detection method based on a digital signal processor (DSP) is implemented to detect the frequency change caused by the force gradient between the tip and the sample, and the relative error of frequency measurement is less than 3%. For the probe system, a self-sensing probe controller, including an automatic gain control (AGC) self-excitation circuit, is designed for a homemade balanced QTF self-sensing probe with a high quality factor (Q value) in an atmospheric environment. We measured the quality factor (Q value) of the balanced QTF self-sensing probes with different lengths of tungsten tips and successfully realized AFM topography imaging with a tungsten-tip QTF probe 3 mm in length. The results show that the QTF-based self-sensing probe and the developed AFM measurement and control system can obtain high quality surface topography scanning images in an atmospheric environment.
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Ivanova, T. N., Ivan Zajačko, Miroslav Císar, and A. I. Korshunov. "Research on Workability of Tool Cutters Working under Conditions of Shockless Loads and Friction." Materials Science Forum 994 (May 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.19.
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The paper deals with hard cutters of drill bits for drilling rocks. The research on geometry of hard alloy and steel cutters of bits that work either under conditions of shockless loads was carried out in this work. The rationale of tungsten carbide and cobalt composition according to their hardness and robustness is provided. Different alloys were suggested to be used for tools working either under conditions of shockless loads or under shock loads for drilling rocks of high hardness. The rock deformation process was identified to occur by cutting and shearing forces. The highest influence on the cutting process is exerted by the acuity angle and back rake angle. Peculiarities of work of cutters with positive, negative and neutral back rake angles were determined as part of the main research. The dependence of penetration depth on the back rake angle of the cutter was obtained. Indicators of wearing identified in the research are including the type and properties of interacting surfaces characterized by the roughness of cutting bit surface, the hardness of materials in contact zone, friction mode that depends on unit pressure, movement rate, the nature of load application, and the rate of interaction of working parts of bit.
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Ma, L. J., Ai Bing Yu, and Z. M. Mei. "Wear Characteristics of Twist Drills in Machining Fluorophlogopite." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1465.
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The machinable fluorophlogopite was drilled with tungsten-cobalt carbide and high-speed steel drill bits, respectively. The wear widths of major flank were measured, and the wear characteristic of twist was analyzed during drilling fluorophlogopite ceramics.Drilling experiments were carried to consider influence factors of drill bit wear, such as tool materials, cooling condition, spindle speed and tool angles. Tool materials and cooling conditions are the major factors to affect wear of drill bits. High-speed steel drill bits are not suitable for drilling fluorophlogopite ceramics. Cooling condition affects wear remarkably. With the rising of spindle speed, the wear widths of major flank grows. But apex angle has little affects on the tool wear rate. Research results indicate that low tool wear can be obtain through optimizing tool material and machining parameters in drilling fluorophlogopite ceramics.
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Slipchuk, Andrii, Roman Jakym, and Oleksandr Vishnevsky. "The influence of design and technological factors on the durability of the installed carbide explosion equipment of three-cone drill bits." Avtomatizacìâ virobničih procesìv u mašinobuduvannì ta priladobuduvannì 56 (2022): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcipa2022.56.075.
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Aim. In the study learning trial was made to make a mathematical model of the assembling process in connections " tungsten carbide insert cutter - cone", while the methods of mathematical statistics were applied. This makes it possible to determine the parameters of the distribution of the closing link. Accordingly, the tension is determined by samples of constituent links. For this purpose, the amount of tension was investigated. Tension affects the change in stress, which characterizes the accuracy of the assembly on the strength of the connection " tungsten carbide insert cutter - cone ". Depending on the magnitude of the insert pressing force, it is customary to estimate the tension in the connection. Method. The analysis of tungsten carbide insert cutter and holes in the layers of bit established that the size errors of the component links of dimensional chains are distributed according to laws that they are similar to the normal law of the distribution of random variables. The test was carried out according to the criteria of Pearson and Kolmogorov Results. The increase in pressing force with an increase in tension is due to an increase in elastic deformation both in the cemented layer and in the core layers of the rolling-cutter row. The extreme nature of the dependence of the pressing force on the amount of tension for the connection " tungsten carbide insert cutter - cone " has been established. This dependence, as a characteristic of the strength in the connection, can be used to design technological pressing operations for roller cone bits steels with different strength indicators. Scientific novelty. a mathematical model of the assembling process of connections " tungsten carbide insert cutter - cone " was made. It makes it possible to determine the parameters of the distribution of the closing link - tension, based on the samples of the component links. The established dependencies make it possible to reasonably and most accurately approach the formation of selective groups of teeth and the marking of holes for them. Practical significance. The appointment of tensions, the value of which exceeds the value of the extreme point, causes the occurrence of unfavorable plastic deformation or destruction of the layers of the shell (which are conjugated along the height of the shank of the insert cutter). They also result to the occurrence of irrational stresses in the body of the tungsten carbide insert cutter. It was established that the tension values have a greater influence on the force of pressing carbide teeth into the holes of roller cone bits steel 9310H (USA), when its hardness value is Rockwell hardness 59-60 compared to Rockwell hardness 48-50. Within the limits of the studied tension values, this dependence is linear.
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Rychlik, Kazimierz, Mirosław Bramowicz, and Sławomir Kulesza. "Multi-Perspective Characterization of a Performance of a Barrel Drill Made of Tungsten Carbide Composite." Materials 18, no. 4 (2025): 794. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040794.
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This paper presents the results of an estimation of the structural and roughness parameters of the outer surface layers of a barrel drill made of cobalt matrix sintered tungsten carbide samples (WC-Co) made by sintering and subjected to finishing by grinding. In order to evaluate the geometric and functional structure of the surface, profilometric measurements were carried out at different scan lengths. The geometric structure of the studied surfaces was characterized by the roughness parameters Ra, Rq, and Rz, while the functional structure was determined by the reduced profile heights Rpk, Rk, Rvk and the material ratios Mr1 and Mr2 determined by the Abbott-Firestone curves. Multiscale analysis of the dependence of the roughness and functional parameters on the measurement lengths was carried out using the root mean square (RMS) method, from which monofractal structures of the surface profile variations were found. Consistency of the fractal dimensions estimated for the drill bit might be due to its finer finishing.
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Wu, Wei Ming, Shun Deng, and Hai Yan Du. "The Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Wastewater of Tungsten Mine Area." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1162.
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A systematic research has been presented to the situation of heavy metal pollution in the wastewater which flows through the mining area, tailings area, farmland and rive in a tungsten mine area of Ganzhou. The content of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd in the wastewater sample had been determined through directly inhalation by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS). While the content of Cr, Ni in the wastewater was also determined after the collected wastewater sample had been adjusted to pH＜2 with nitric acid. The results show that Pb, Zn is the main pollution factors in the region. The pollution in the mining area is the most serious. It is a bit lower in the tailings area than in the mining area. The content of Zn in the farmland has exceeded the standard. And the water in the river that closed mining area is normal. The mining area and tailings area is not suitable for the cultivation of edible plants. Cement ditches should be set up for the wastewater which flows through the farmland
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Kane, Terence, and Ron Anderson. "Interfacial Film Induced Fails in Titanium Salicide Interconnections with Tungsten Vias in High Density Dram Devices." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600009144.
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The scalability requirements of higher and higher density DRAM and logic CMOS devices has popularized the salicide process for source to drain connections using TiSi2 and ( more recently ) CoSi2.The desirability of these salicide processes is well documented with low sheet resistivity properties offering improved access time in DRAM and faster microprocessor speeds.Besides the obvious drawback in temperature stability of these salicides, the irregular reaction of titanium or cobalt with silicon during RTA processing can result in irregular or “rough” surface features in the salicide. Submicron contaminants (especially metallic species) introduced during in-line electrical test of Kerf structures with high wettability are not easily dislodged by conventional aqueous/ultrasonic cleaning steps. Solvent process cleaning steps can leave residues in the irregular “rough” salicide surface leading to interfacial films between the salicide and the subsequent via connection to overlying bit lines ( or metal one lines ).
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Zou, Qing Hua, and Zhen Guo Wang. "Experiment on Doping Rare Earth Diamond Tools Matrix Composites with Fe Replacing Co." Applied Mechanics and Materials 692 (November 2014): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.692.200.
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This paper makes the experimental experiment on adding rare earth elements cerium doped in diamond matrix composites. Based on the doping of rare earth in metal powders including tungsten carbide, iron and nickel, the cobalt in diamond matrix is entirely with iron and the process route of rare earth doping is indicated. The performance of matrix composites with rare earth elements and free of rare earth elements is measured and the results obtained show that the flexural strength, the hardness and the impact ductility of matrix composites with rare earth elements are improved and the flexural strength increases by 10~62% over that of the composites free of rare earth elements, and the impact ductility by about 5% correspondently. We have successfully studied out the rare-earth diamond tool matrix composites replacing Co with Fe, bearing good practical service performance and low price, and have made corresponding diamond bit.
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Xu, Changhang, Xumei Gong, Wuyang Zhang, and Guoming Chen. "An Investigation on Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography to Detect Surface Cracks on the Tungsten Carbide Matrix of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bit." Applied Sciences 7, no. 4 (2017): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7040429.
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Kamdani, K., A. A. Hamsah, N. H. Rafai, M. Z. Rahim, C. K. Wong, and Y. L. Chong. "Study of Cutting Force and Surface Roughness on Drilling Stainless Steel 316L under Various Coolant Condition." Key Engineering Materials 791 (November 2018): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.791.116.
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Drilling is the metal cutting process that are widely used in industrial sector such as in aerospace, automotive and manufacturing to produce a various of durable parts. Stainless steels in general are regarded as difficult to machine materials due to their high tendency to work harden; their toughness and relatively low thermal conductivity. In this research, the experimental setup for the effect of various parameters on drill performance in term of cutting force and surface roughness. Stainless steel 316L used as workpiece and uncoated tungsten carbide drill bit as the tool. From the experimental investigation, the results show that internal coolant with helix angle of 40 and feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev condition is the best drilling condition in term of thrust force and surface roughness. By observation on experiment, MQL coolant condition give highest thrust force while internal coolant is best condition to have most minimum force. For internal coolant, MQL and external supply, the optimum helix angle to obtain low surface roughness is 15° and 40°.
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Slipchuk, Andrii, Roman Jakym, and Michal Bembenek. "STUDY OF DURABILITY IN THE CONNECTION “CONE-TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT” FOR TENSION DEPENDENCE." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 9, no. 2 (2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2023.02.075.
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During and after the technological operation of pressing these factors significantly determine the residual stress states of tungsten carbide inserts, as well as in the areas near the holes of the cones’ crowns of the cone. The stressed state of the inserts and the magnitude of the stress concentration determine their fatigue strength of them and the durability of the inserted carbide rock-blasting equipment of the cones in the area where the inserts the cone. Dimensional analysis was done for the inserts and holes in the cones of bit and it was established that size errors of component links of dimensional chains are distributed according to laws that are similar to the normal law of distribution of random variables. The test was carried out according to the criteria of Pearson and Kolmogorov. The influence of various random and systematic factors results to the dispersion of dimensions on the dimensional processing of conjugated surfaces. The amount of tension is a function of the dimensions for mating surfaces during assembly operations. Dispersion of dimensions for the component links of the dimensional chain of a press connection causes the formation of a practical field of dispersion of the closing link. Accuracy control for the closing link in the dimensional chain is impossible if there are no direct measurements of the constituent links. A mathematical model of the process of assembling "cone-tungsten carbide insert" joints was created. For this, the methods of mathematical statistics were applied in the study. It was established that the tension values have a greater influence on the force of pressing inserts into the holes of drill steels 14 NiCrMo1, when its hardness value is HRC 59-60 compared to HRC 48-50. This dependence has a linear character within the limits of the studied tension values. The established relationships make it possible to reasonably and most accurately form selective groups of inserts and mark holes for them. This method significantly reduces losses in the production of drilling tools.
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Huang, Yong, Boyang Wang, Jianhang Guo, Ding Fan, and Shurong Yu. "Investigation of the Mechanism of Powder Pool Coupled Activating TIG Welding." Metals 13, no. 5 (2023): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13050830.
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As a highly effective welding method, PPCA-TIG (Powder Pool Coupled Activating Flux–Tungsten Inert Gas) welding aims to achieve automated activation of TIG welding through the use of suitable activating fluxes. However, due to the unique transitional behavior of activating elements, the mechanism of PPCA-TIG is a little bit different from common activating TIG welding. In this research, a two-dimensional model is established to investigate the effect of four activating fluxes (TiO2, SiO2, MnO2, CaF2) on arc morphology and force. A series of welding experiments is performed to study the impact of the different activating elements on the molten pool. The results show that the increase in the penetration of TiO2 is related to the high arc temperature and great arc force and electromagnetic force in the molten pool. The problem of the softening of 3003 aluminum alloy welded joints is solved. Other activating fluxes are less effective than TiO2. The addition of calcium fluoride significantly affects penetration. The use of TiO2, SiO2 and MnO2 changes the molten pool viscosity and affects the molten pool oscillation, thus affecting the weld quality.
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Ahmad Sobri, Sharizal, Robert Heinemann, and David Whitehead. "Sequential Laser–Mechanical Drilling of Thick Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP) for Industrial Applications." Polymers 13, no. 13 (2021): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132136.
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Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) can be costly to manufacture, but they are typically used anywhere a high strength-to-weight ratio and a high steadiness (rigidity) are needed in many industrial applications, particularly in aerospace. Drilling composites with a laser tends to be a feasible method since one of the composite phases is often in the form of a polymer, and polymers in general have a very high absorption coefficient for infrared radiation. The feasibility of sequential laser–mechanical drilling for a thick CFRP is discussed in this article. A 1 kW fibre laser was chosen as a pre-drilling instrument (or initial stage), and mechanical drilling was the final step. The sequential drilling method dropped the overall thrust and torque by an average of 61%, which greatly increased the productivity and reduced the mechanical stress on the cutting tool while also increasing the lifespan of the bit. The sequential drilling (i.e., laser 8 mm and mechanical 8 mm) for both drill bits (i.e., 2- and 3-flute uncoated tungsten carbide) and the laser pre-drilling techniques has demonstrated the highest delamination factor (SFDSR) ratios. A new laser–mechanical sequence drilling technique is thus established, assessed, and tested when thick CFRP composites are drilled.
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Sharma, Mohit, Avery Gardner, Hunter Strathman, David Warren, Jason Silver, and Ross Walker. "Acquisition of Neural Action Potentials Using Rapid Multiplexing Directly at the Electrodes." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (2018): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100477.
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Neural recording systems that interface with implanted microelectrodes are used extensively in experimental neuroscience and neural engineering research. Interface electronics that are needed to amplify, filter, and digitize signals from multichannel electrode arrays are a critical bottleneck to scaling such systems. This paper presents the design and testing of an electronic architecture for intracortical neural recording that drastically reduces the size per channel by rapidly multiplexing many electrodes to a single circuit. The architecture utilizes mixed-signal feedback to cancel electrode offsets, windowed integration sampling to reduce aliased high-frequency noise, and a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter with small capacitance and asynchronous control. Results are presented from a 180 nm CMOS integrated circuit prototype verified using in vivo experiments with a tungsten microwire array implanted in rodent cortex. The integrated circuit prototype achieves <0.004 mm2 area per channel, 7 µW power dissipation per channel, 5.6 µVrms input referred noise, 50 dB common mode rejection ratio, and generates 9-bit samples at 30 kHz per channel by multiplexing at 600 kHz. General considerations are discussed for rapid time domain multiplexing of high-impedance microelectrodes. Overall, this work describes a promising path forward for scaling neural recording systems to numbers of electrodes that are orders of magnitude larger.
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Moroń, Jakub, Mirosław Firlej, Tomasz Fiutowski, Marek Idzik, and Krzysztof Świentek. "FLAXE, a SoC readout ASIC for electromagnetic calorimeter at LUXE experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 01 (2025): C01026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/01/c01026.
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Abstract The design and qualification results of a System on Chip (SoC) Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), called FLAXE, fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology are presented. FLAXE is a readout ASIC designed for ECAL-p, a compact electromagnetic calorimeter being a part of a detector system for Laser Und XFEL Experiment (LUXE) proposed at DESY, Hamburg, as an extension to the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility. ECAL-p is a sampling calorimeter with a very compact design targeting small Molière radius, comprising 16 (up to 20) layers composed of 3.5 mm (1 X0) thick tungsten absorber plates interspersed with silicon sensors. Sensor signal is read and shaped by the analogue readout channel, comprising a Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) and a fully differential CR-RC shaper with 50 ns peaking time, which output is digitized in each channel by a 10-bit Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). Data from ADC are collected into the ASIC internal memory and read out by the Data Acquisition (DAQ) system between Bunch Crossings (BXs). Around 1000 ASICs have been fabricated and a first batch of 142 ASICs has been packaged and tested. The results of the qualification procedure, as well as measurement result of a single ASIC are presented and discussed.
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Hincapie-Campos, Williams Steve, Daniel Avellaneda, Víctor Manuel Carrillo-Álvarez, and Jhon Jairo Olaya. "Evaluation of the Wear Resistance and Electrochemical Behavior of Drill Bits for Drilling Oil and Gas Wells." Coatings 13, no. 11 (2023): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13111915.
Full textAbstract:
This work aims to study the relation between the hardness and behavioral wear of tungsten carbide inserts (TCI) and polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters, used as drill bits for drilling oil and gas wells, through wear testing conducted using the pin-on-disc test and the measure of microhardness Knoop test. The morphology of the worn surface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical composition was taken before and after the wear test inside the tracks using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Additionally, the behavior of the corrosion resistance was evaluated with the electrodynamic polarization technique and was compared with a coating of diamond-like carbon (DLC) in order to determine whether this coating applied to tool steel could serve as a substitute for insert-based coatings in future applications, as its cost is lower than that of the inserts. A paragraph discusses what characteristics must be taken when selecting or manufacturing materials for drill bit applications. In conclusion, it was found that the TCI insert presented cracks in the test tracks, while the PDC insert showed soft wear; this was due to the uncertain hardness, which was greater than the indenter used. Concerning the Tafel test, the curves showed that the PDC insert presents better behavior under corrosion; however, the DLC can be a good substitute.