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Journal articles on the topic 'Tungsten oxide thin films'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Taylor, Todd A., and Howard H. Patterson. "Spectroscopic Properties of WO3 Thin Films: Polarized FT-IR/ATR, X-Ray Diffraction, and Electronic Absorption." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 6 (1994): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370294774368992.

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The Fourier transform infrared/micro-attenuated total reflectance (FT-IR/mATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electronic absorption properties of thin tungsten oxide films are characterized. Thin films of tungsten oxide (100–500 Å) deposited on SiO2 exhibit a different orientation or structure than thicker films. A p-polarized longitudinal optical (LO) mode at 970 cm−1 occurs in all ATR spectra of WO3 thin films and is one of the strongest IR bands in the spectra. The spectroscopic properties of tungsten oxide films are characterized as a function of substrate and heat treatment.

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2

Ziakhodadadian, Siamak, and Tianhui Ren. "Structural and tribological properties of tungsten oxide thin film on a silicon substrate." Journal of Chemical Research 44, no. 11-12 (2020): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519820923100.

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In this work, tungsten oxide thin films are deposited on silicon substrates using the hot filament chemical vapor deposition system. The influence of substrate temperature on the structural, morphological, and elemental composition of the tungsten oxide thin films is investigated using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Also, the mechanical and tribological properties of these thin films are considered using nanoindentation and scratch tests. Based on X-ray diffraction results, it can be concluded that tungsten oxide

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3

Zhang, Zenghai, Dayong Guan, Guohua Gao, Guangming Wu, and Haoran Wang. "Gasochromic properties of novel tungsten oxide thin films compounded with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS)." RSC Advances 7, no. 65 (2017): 41289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03648e.

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Thick tungsten–silicon films with long-term gasochromic performance were synthesized from methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and tungsten oxide sols. The WO<sub>3</sub>–MTMS films exhibited a stable network with tungsten and silicon bonds.

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4

Hamilton, J. W. J., J. A. Byrne, P. S. M. Dunlop, and N. M. D. Brown. "Photo-Oxidation of Water Using Nanocrystalline Tungsten Oxide under VisibleLight." International Journal of Photoenergy 2008 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/185479.

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The photoelectrolysis of water to yield hydrogen and oxygen using visible light has enormous potential for solar energy harvesting if suitable photoelectrode materials can be developed. Few of the materials with a band gap suitable for visible light activation have the necessary band-edge potentials or photochemical stability to be suitable candidates. Tungsten oxide ( 2.8 eV) is a good candidate with absorption up to nm and known photochemical stability. Thin films of tungsten oxide were prepared using an electrolytic route from peroxo-tungsten precursors. The tungsten oxide thin films were c

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5

Lorenz, Michael, Marius Grundmann, Sandra Wickert, and Reinhard Denecke. "Oxidation state of tungsten oxide thin films used as gate dielectric for zinc oxide based transistors." MRS Proceedings 1494 (2012): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1649.

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ABSTRACTWe present an investigation of the degree of oxidization of tungsten oxide (WOx) thin films used as gate dielectric for metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFET). By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy WOx thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition at room temperature were investigated. The electrical and optical properties depend significantly on the oxygen pressure during deposition and are affected by the stoichiometric ratio of oxygen and tungsten.

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6

Hembram, K. P. S. S., Rajesh Thomas, and G. Mohan Rao. "Microstructural evolution of tungsten oxide thin films." Applied Surface Science 256, no. 2 (2009): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.06.016.

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7

Widenkvist, Erika, Ronald A. Quinlan, Brian C. Holloway, Helena Grennberg, and Ulf Jansson. "Synthesis of Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide Thin Films." Crystal Growth & Design 8, no. 10 (2008): 3750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg800383c.

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8

Manciu, Felicia S., Jose L. Enriquez, William G. Durrer, Young Yun, Chintalapalle V. Ramana, and Satya K. Gullapalli. "Spectroscopic analysis of tungsten oxide thin films." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 12 (2010): 2401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0294.

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We present a detailed study of the morphology and composition of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films, grown by radio frequency magnetron reactive sputtering at substrate temperatures varied from room temperature (RT) to 500 °C, using infrared (IR) absorption, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This work includes valuable new far-IR results about structural changes in microcrystalline WO3. Both IR absorption and Raman techniques reveal an amorphous sample grown at RT and initial crystallization into monoclinic structures for samples grown at temperatures between 100 and

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9

Jebur, Khalid H. "Fabrication of a Gas Sensor from Thin Films of Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Use in Oil Refineries." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 12, no. 1 (2022): 226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1.600.

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In this research, the structural and sensitivity properties of the toxic gases of films tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles prepared by the pulsed laser deposition method were manufactured and studied using a Nd:YAG laser. To show the effect of different temperatures (400, 600 and 800 oC) on films deposited on quartz substrate for all samples. The results of X-Ray diffraction (XRD) showed that all the thin films have polycrystalline structure and have a peak direction (010) for all samples, and that increasing the temperature led to an increase in the particle size. The decrease in the values

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10

Dybała, Julia, and Michał Mazur. "Electrical and optical properties of the WOx thin films, prepared by magnetron sputtering, and analysis of their highest value." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 71, no. 2 (2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2779.

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In this article, optical and electrical properties of tungsten oxide thin films, prepared by magnetron sputtering in the atmosphere of various oxygen content, were analysed. Tungsten oxide is a material, which is widely used in modern applications such as smart windows, anti-steam mirrors, and gas sensors. Five sets of tungsten oxide thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering in the mixed argon-oxygen atmosphere composed of various content of reactive gas, i.e., from 5% to 15%. In each case, other deposition process parameters were the same. The thickness of the thin films was ca. 160 n

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11

Sun, Mu, Ning Xu, Y. W. Cao, J. N. Yao, and E. G. Wang. "Nanocrystalline Tungsten Oxide Thin Film: Preparation, Microstructure, and Photochromic Behavior." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 4 (2000): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0132.

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A nanocrystalline tungsten oxide photochromic thin film was prepared by colloid chemistry method. The microstructure, phase transition involved in the solution process, photochromic behavior, and mechanism of the film were investigated by means of transmission electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, and x-ray photoelectron spectra. It was found that the particle size and crystallinity of the thin film could be easily controlled by adjusting the concentration of oxalic acid in the colloid solution of tungsten oxide hydrate. With the increase of the oxalic

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12

Kondalkar, Vijay V., Sawanta S. Mali, Rohini R. Kharade, et al. "Langmuir–Blodgett self organized nanocrystalline tungsten oxide thin films for electrochromic performance." RSC Advances 5, no. 34 (2015): 26923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00208g.

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13

Duta, Anca, Alexandru Enesca, and Luminita Andronic. "Tailoring Photocatalytic Properties of Tungsten Oxide Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.847.

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The structural and surface properties of thin, metal oxides films can be tailored by including various additives in the precursors’ systm. The paper presents a comparative approach concerning the properties of WO3 thin layers obtained via spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers as additives. The influence of the thin films composition and morphology is reported, considering their applications of photocatalyst in the advanced treatment of waters resulted in the dye finishing industry, containing methylen blue and methyl orange.

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14

Sun, Xi Lian, and Hong Tao Cao. "Effects of Nitrogen Doping on Optical Properties of Tungsten Oxide Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1773.

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In depositing nitrogen doped tungsten oxide thin films by using reactive dc pulsed magnetron sputtering process, nitrous oxide gas (N2O) was employed instead of nitrogen (N2) as the nitrogen dopant source. The nitrogen doping effect on the structural and optical properties of WO3 thin films was investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The thickness, refractive index and optical band gap energy of these films have been determined by analyzing the SE spectra using parameterized dispersion model. Morphological images reveal that the films are ch

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15

Bourdin, Marie, Guillaume Salek, Alexandre Fargues, et al. "Investigation on the coloring and bleaching processes of WO3−x photochromic thin films." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 27 (2020): 9410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc02170a.

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WO<sub>3−x</sub> (oxygen deficient tungsten oxide) thin films and WO<sub>3−x</sub>/Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (tantalum oxide) composite films exhibit a huge photochromic effect with 60% near-infrared transmission modulation.

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16

Parthangal, Prahalad M., Richard E. Cavicchi, Christopher B. Montgomery, Shirley Turner, and Michael R. Zachariah. "Restructuring tungsten thin films into nanowires and hollow square cross-section microducts." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 11 (2005): 2889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0373.

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We report on the growth of nanowires and unusual hollow microducts of tungsten oxide by thermal treatment of tungsten films in a radio frequency H2/Ar plasma at temperatures between 550 and 620 °C. Nanowires with diameters of 10–30 nm and lengths between 50 and 300 nm were formed directly from the tungsten film, while under certain specific operating conditions hollow microducts having edge lengths∼0.5 μm and lengths between 10 and 200 μm were observed. Presence of a reducing gas such as H2 was crucial in growing these nanostructures as were trace quantities of oxygen, which was necessary to f

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17

Jiang, Miao, Feng Hou, Ting Xian Xu, and Ming Xia Xu. "Study on Gas Sensing Properties of WO₃ Thin Films." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.319.

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Tungsten oxide thin films were prepared by an inorganic-sol-gel dip-coating process, where the sol was obtained by adding citric acid, as chelating agent, to the ammonia solution of tungstic acid. The resultant thin films were a mixture of monoclinic and tetragonal phases of WO3 and, after being pretreated at 600°C and sintered at 650°C, the average grain size of the polycrystalline films was about 500 nm. The gas-sensing properties of WO3 thin films were tested at temperatures ranging from 500° to 600°C and in nitrogen gas containing 5vol% O2 or 5vol% H2. The WO3 sensors exhibited a good sens

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18

Kakade, SB, SM Thorat, SS Maske, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of WO3 thin films deposited by Thermal Evaporation Technique." Int. Res. Journal of Science & Engineering A12 (March 24, 2023): 33–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7794391.

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Thin films of tungsten oxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) have been extensively explored as electrochromic materials and have a wide range of uses in electrochromic devices, smart windows, gas sensors, and optical windows. In the present study, the optical, structural and morphological characteristics of WO<sub>3</sub> thin films were investigated. The WO<sub>3</sub> films, were synthesized on glass substrate using the thermal evaporation method under a pressure of 10<sup>-5</sup> mbar. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–

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19

Nam, Sung-Pill, Hyun-Ji Noh, Sung-Gap Lee, and Young-Hie Lee. "Electrical properties of vanadium tungsten oxide thin films." Materials Research Bulletin 45, no. 3 (2010): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2009.12.028.

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20

Atak, Gamze, İlknur Bayrak Pehlivan, José Montero, Daniel Primetzhofer, Claes G. Granqvist, and Gunnar A. Niklasson. "Electrochromism of nitrogen-doped tungsten oxide thin films." Materials Today: Proceedings 33 (2020): 2434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.332.

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21

Yao, J. N., P. Chen, and A. Fujishima. "Electrochromic behavior of electrodeposited tungsten oxide thin films." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 406, no. 1-2 (1996): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(96)04552-4.

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22

Ashrit, P. V., G. Bader, and Vo-Van Truong. "Electrochromic properties of nanocrystalline tungsten oxide thin films." Thin Solid Films 320, no. 2 (1998): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(97)00796-7.

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23

Patil, P. S., and P. R. Patil. "Photoelectrochemical characterization of sprayed tungsten oxide thin films." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 33, no. 3 (1994): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90232-1.

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24

Depero, L. E., S. Groppelli, I. Natali-Sora, L. Sangaletti, G. Sberveglieri, and E. Tondello. "Structural Studies of Tungsten–Titanium Oxide Thin Films." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 121, no. 2 (1996): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1996.0051.

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25

Li, Xifeng, Qun Zhang, Weina Miao, Li Huang, and Zhuangjian Zhang. "Transparent conductive oxide thin films of tungsten-doped indium oxide." Thin Solid Films 515, no. 4 (2006): 2471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2006.07.014.

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26

Tareq, Mohammed I., and Bushra A. Hasan. "Characterization and Photovoltaic Effect of (Sb2O3: Metal Oxides)/ C-Si Heterojunctions." Iraqi Journal of Physics 21, no. 4 (2023): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i4.1138.

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This work concerns the synthesis of two types of composites based on antimony oxide named (Sb2O3):(WO3, In2O3). Thin films were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition. The compositional analysis was explored using Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), which confirms the existence of antimony, tungsten, and indium oxides in the prepared samples. The hall effect measurement showed that antimony oxide nanostructure thin films are p-type and gradually converted to n-type by the addition of tungsten oxide, while they are converted almost instantly to n-type by the addition of indium oxide.

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27

Oleksak, Richard P., William F. Stickle, and Gregory S. Herman. "Aqueous-based synthesis of gallium tungsten oxide thin film dielectrics." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 13 (2015): 3114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02985b.

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28

Djaoued, Y., S. Balaji, and R. Brüning. "Electrochromic Devices Based on Porous Tungsten Oxide Thin Films." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/674168.

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Recent developments in the synthesis of transition metal oxides in the form of porous thin films have opened up opportunities in the construction of electrochromic devices with enhanced properties. In this paper, synthesis, characterization and electrochromic applications of porous WO3thin films with different nanocrystalline phases, such as hexagonal, monoclinic, and orthorhombic, are presented. Asymmetric electrochromic devices have been constructed based on these porous WO3thin films. XRD measurements of the intercalation/deintercalation of Li+into/from the WO3layer of the device as a funct

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29

Mineo, G., F. Ruffino, S. Mirabella, and E. Bruno. "Investigation of WO3 Electrodeposition Leading to Nanostructured Thin Films." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (2020): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081493.

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Nanostructured WO3 represents a promising material for electrochromic and sensing devices. In this scenario, electrodeposition is a promising low-cost approach for careful production. The electrodeposition of tungsten oxide film from a peroxo-tungstic-acid (PTA) solution is investigated. WO3 is synthetized onto Indium doped Tin Oxide (ITO) substrates, in a variety of shapes, from a fragmentary, thin layer up to a thick continuous film. Samples were investigated by scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray Diffraction analysis

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30

Exstrom, Christopher L., Scott A. Darveau, Megan E. Falconer, Jessica R. Blum, Whitney M. Colling, and Natale J. Ianno. "Non-vacuum Preparation of wse2 Thin Films via the Selenization of Hydrated Tungsten Oxide Prepared using Chemical Solution Methods." MRS Advances 3, no. 56 (2018): 3281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.451.

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ABSTRACTIt is known that tungsten oxide may be reacted with selenium sources to form WSe2 but literature reports include processing steps that involve high temperatures, reducing atmospheres, and/or oxidative pre-treatments of tungsten oxide. In this work, we report a non-vacuum process for the fabrication of compositionally high quality WSe2 thin films via the selenization of tungsten oxide under milder conditions. Tungsten source materials were various hydrated WO3 and WO2.9 compounds that were prepared using chemical solution techniques. Resulting films were selenized using a two-stage heat

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31

Peeters, D., O. Mendoza Reyes, L. Mai, et al. "CVD-grown copper tungstate thin films for solar water splitting." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 22 (2018): 10206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10759e.

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In this paper, a direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach is applied for the first time to synthesize high quality copper oxide (CuO), copper tungstate (CuWO<sub>4</sub>) and tungsten oxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) on F:SnO<sub>2</sub> (FTO) substrates for photocatalytic water splitting.

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32

Noonuruk, Russameeruk, K. Paipitak, Mati Horprathum, Wicharn Techitdheera, Supanit Porntheeraphat, and Wisanu Pecharapa. "Effect of Sputtering Power on Physical Properties and Electrochromic Performance of Sputtered-WO₃Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 802 (September 2013): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.802.69.

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Tungsten oxide (WO3) electrochromic thin films were deposited onto F-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using DC sputtering of tungsten target in presence of oxygen and argon gas. As-deposited films were prepared with different sputtering power at 50 W, 100W and 200W. The effect of power on structural, surface morphology optical and electrochromic properties of the WO3 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The XRD results show that the crystalline of WO3 can be identified an orientation

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33

Çelik, Özer, and Memed Duman. "Noise behavior of tungsten oxide doped amorphous vanadium oxide thin films." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 342 (August 2022): 113629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2022.113629.

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34

Takano, Katsuyoshi, Aichi Inouye, Shunya Yamamoto, Atsumi Miyashita, and Masahito Yoshikawa. "Effect of Tungsten Valences on Gasochromic Coloration in Tungsten Oxide Thin Films." Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 32, no. 1 (2007): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14723/tmrsj.32.159.

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35

Yoon, Sang-Hyeok, and Kyo-Seon Kim. "Preparation of 1-D Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Wire Mesh by Flame Vapor Deposition Process." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (2020): 4517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17552.

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Flame vapor deposition (FVD) process can be used to prepare the tungsten oxide thin film which has photocatalytic activity at visible light. The FVD process is fast and economical to prepare thin film on substrate comparing to other processes. Various nanostructured thin films could be easily prepared by controlling several process parameters in FVD. One-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures with high surface area also can be prepared reproducibly. The tungsten wire precursor was oxidized and vaporized in flame to be deposited onto the substrate. The nanostructure shapes can be adjusted by controll

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36

Wang, Haitao, Yibin Xu, Masahiro Goto, et al. "Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Tungsten Oxide Nanoscale Thin Films." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 47, no. 8 (2006): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.47.1894.

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37

Sun Xilian, 孙喜莲, 方燕群 Fang Yanqun, and 曹洪涛 Cao Hongtao. "Electrochromic Properties of Ta Doped Tungsten Oxide Thin Films." Acta Optica Sinica 34, no. 10 (2014): 1031001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201434.1031001.

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38

Ranjbar, M., A. Iraji zad, and S. M. Mahdavi. "Gasochromic tungsten oxide thin films for optical hydrogen sensors." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 41, no. 5 (2008): 055405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/41/5/055405.

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39

Tesfamichael, T., M. Ahsan, M. Notarianni, et al. "Gas sensing of ruthenium implanted tungsten oxide thin films." Thin Solid Films 558 (May 2014): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.02.084.

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40

Patil, P. S., P. R. Patil, and E. A. Ennaoui. "Characterization of ultrasonic spray pyrolyzed tungsten oxide thin films." Thin Solid Films 370, no. 1-2 (2000): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(00)00745-8.

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41

Shu-Juan, LU, WANG Chang, ZHAO Bo-Wen, WANG Hao, LIU Jing-Bing, and YAN Hui. "Electrochromic Properties of PEG-Modified Tungsten Oxide Thin Films." Journal of Inorganic Materials 32, no. 2 (2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.15541/jim20160273.

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42

Feng, M., A. L. Pan, H. R. Zhang, et al. "Strong photoluminescence of nanostructured crystalline tungsten oxide thin films." Applied Physics Letters 86, no. 14 (2005): 141901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1898434.

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43

Kalagi, S. S., D. S. Dalavi, R. C. Pawar, N. L. Tarwal, S. S. Mali, and P. S. Patil. "Polymer assisted deposition of electrochromic tungsten oxide thin films." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 493, no. 1-2 (2010): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.12.097.

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44

Al-Kuhaili, M. F., T. F. Qahtan, and M. B. Mekki. "Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity of tungsten oxide thin films." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 182 (November 2023): 111607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2023.111607.

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45

Palgrave, Robert G., and Ivan P. Parkin. "Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of photochromic tungsten oxide and doped tungsten oxide thin films." Journal of Materials Chemistry 14, no. 19 (2004): 2864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b406337f.

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46

Mpanza, Thokozani, Ceboliyazakha L. Ndlangamandla, Balla D. Ngom, et al. "Tungsten oxide thin film for room temperature nitrogen dioxide gas sensing." MATEC Web of Conferences 374 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202337401003.

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Tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films for gas sensing have been successfully deposited using reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering at different deposition temperatures (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C). The structural, morphological properties, thickness and composition have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) techniques. To investigate the effect of deposition temperature on the gas sensing properties of deposited thin films on alumina substrates, was conducted using the Kenosistec gas sensing uni

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47

Sun, Xi Lian, Ai Hua Chen, Hai Zhong Zhang, and Hong Tao Cao. "Optical and Electrochromic Properties of Sol-Gel Deposited Mixed MoO₃-WO₃ Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.843.

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Mixed molybdenum-tungsten oxides of varying stoichiometry (MoxW1-xO3, 0 < x <1) were prepared by sol-gel deposition from peroxo-polymolybdotungstate solutions onto conductive fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates. The compositional and structure properties were characterized for MoxW1-xO3 films annealed at 450°C using energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. The optical transmittance of the films were recorded with respect to air in the reference beam in a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The transmittance modulation of the mixed oxide films were e

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48

Kumar Vishwanath, Sujaya, Taekyu An, Won-Yong Jin, Jae-Wook Kang, and Jihoon Kim. "The optoelectronic properties of tungsten-doped indium oxide thin films prepared by polymer-assisted solution processing for use in organic solar cells." J. Mater. Chem. C 5, no. 39 (2017): 10295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc03662k.

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Zhang, Zeng Hai, Guang Ming Wu, Guo Hua Gao, Wei Feng, Xiao Bo Jin, and Jun Shen. "Structural Study of WO₃ and MoO₃ Compound Films in H₂ Gasochromism." Key Engineering Materials 537 (January 2013): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.537.184.

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Sol-gel tequnique was used to prepare disordered tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide sols. A series ratio of W:Mo compound sols were obtained via mettalic powder co-peroxided by H2O2 as precursors in ethonal. Compound films were achieved by dip-coating method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy were taken to characterize the structure of these compound films. Uv-visible Spectroscopy was used to test the gasochromic property. The results showed that the gasochromics property was much different from that of pure tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide sol-gel thin films. The

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50

Feng, Wei, Guang Ming Wu, Guo Hua Gao, and Zeng Hai Zhang. "The Process Optimization and Structural Analysis of Gasochromic Thin Films Derived by Peroxopolytungstic Acid." Key Engineering Materials 537 (January 2013): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.537.189.

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The sol-gel method with a combination of dip-coating process was employed to prepare peroxopolytungstic acid gasochromic thin films. The influence of preparation process on the structural and gasochromic durability was then discussed. We found that hydrogen peroxide content shown a significant impact on the structure of tungsten oxide thin films, which directly determined the gasochromic durability

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