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Journal articles on the topic 'Tunic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

Rola, Kaja. "Cell Pattern and Ultrasculpture of Bulb Tunics of Selected Allium Species (Amaryllidaceae) and their Diagnostic Value." Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica 56, no. 1 (September 12, 2014): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsb-2014-0002.

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Abstract Cell pattern and ultrasculpture were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy in bulb tunics of 46 Allium species to determine the diagnostic value of micromorphological characters. The study examined the diversity of these characters, evaluated their usefulness at different taxonomic levels (species, section, subgenus), and considered the results in relation to the recent intrageneric classification of the genus. Detailed characteristics are provided for the investigated species, and taxa showing the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in bulb tunic cells are indicated. The results suggest that several bulb tunic characters are of taxonomic significance in Allium as their variation between specimens of the same species was negligible; they can be useful elements of species descriptions and determination keys. Allium subgenus Allium shows considerable variation of bulb tunic ultrasculpture and hexagonal or elongated cell patterns. Differences in ultrasculpture are sufficient to distinguish species within the Amerallium subgenus. Three subgenera (Anguinum, Butomissa, Reticulatobulbosa) are characterized by fibrous tunics with reticulate ultrasculpture. Rectangular to elliptic cells with thick walls, giving the bulb tunic an almost perforated structure, are characteristic for Allium subgenus Cepa. No specific pattern was found for Allium subgenus Melanocrommyum and Polyprason. The only representative of subgenus Microscordum (Allium monanthum) showed distinct herringbone ultrasculpture. The bulbs of Allium subgenus Rhizirideum representatives can be distinguished by their linear ultrasculpture following the long axis of the elongated cells. Allium bulb tunic ultrasculpture and cell pattern show some degree of variability. These characters are of potential use in taxonomic delimitation, species determination and further study of the relationships between species, particularly in members of subgenus Amerallium.

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2

Puławska, Zofia. "The sequence of cell divisions in the I tunic layer of Actinidia arguta Planch in light of the development of twin cell complexes." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 55, no. 2 (2014): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1986.017.

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In <em>Actinidia arguta</em>, the I tunc layer is formed by four cell complexes which descend from single initials. These initials are positioned in a corner of their complex, around the meristem axis. The meristematic activity of the I tunic layer depends on the formative divisions of the initials; the entire I tunic layer above the youngest leaf primordia is formed during the time the initials undergo only 4-8 divisions. In light of the development of the twin cell complexes. it is impossible for cells to be displaced from the I tunic layer into the meristem. The supposition is set forth that the impermanent. mericlinal sectors on variegated perinclinal chimeras develop due to periclinal cleavages within the subcomplexes which derive from tissue mother cells. Whereas. the cell initials do not undergo periclinal divisions and are not displaced.

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3

Hirose, Euichi, Kaori Ohtsuka, Masaharu Ishikura, and Tadashi Maruyama. "Ultraviolet absorption in ascidian tunic and ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 4 (August 2004): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009956h.

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To characterize the ultraviolet (UV) light-absorbing function of the ascidian tunic, the light absorption spectrum was compared in 22 ascidian species collected from tropical and temperate waters. Non-photosymbiotic ascidians (17 species) had transparent tunics transmitting both visible and UV light, or pigmented or opaque tunics equally absorb both UV and visible light. However, a prominent absorption peak around 320 nm was exclusively found in the colonial ascidians hosting the algal symbiont Prochloron sp., and this absorption peak corresponded to absorption of UV-A (320–400 nm) and UV-B (280–320 nm). The UV-absorbing substances were extracted with methanol. They were mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs): mycosporine-glycine, palythine, shinorine, and porphyra-334. The MAAs are thought to be synthesized by the shikimic acid pathway that does not occur in animals. Since the isolated Prochloron cells contain MAAs, the symbionts are the most possible candidates as the source of the MAAs in the tunic. In Diplosoma virens, the composition of MAAs was different between isolated Prochloron cells and colony residue from which Prochloron cells were extracted.

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4

Kato, Yoko. "Deformation Control and Mass Transfer in the Tunic of Halocynthia roretzi." Open Chemistry Journal 5, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874842201805010001.

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Background:It has been previously reported that the tunic ofHalocynthia roretzi, mainly composed of cellulose, is actively deformed with mass transfer by the mechanical stimuli.Objective:In this study, how the tunic deforms in response to the mechanical environment was investigated.Method:The tunic specimen in the artificial seawater was still at 5˚C or underwent the mechanical stimuli at the temperature less than 10˚C. The mass and moisture content of the tunic, the concentrations of nitrate and dissolved organic matter in the artificial seawater used for the tunic, and the histological characteristics were evaluated.Results:The increase in mass of the tunic became lower as the region was closer to the bottom ofHalocynthia roretzi. However, the decrease in mass caused by the mechanical stimuli was not different between the adjacent regions. Also, the tunic of the siphon, the tubular tissue for influx and efflux of the seawater, increased the mass more slowly after the stimuli. The size of the layer covering the outside of the tunic was inversely related to the increment in mass. The change in mass was corresponding to that in water content. The concentrations of nitrate and dissolved organic matter in the artificial seawater were enhanced 5 days after the stimuli while the concentration ratio of dissolved organic matter to nitrate was kept constant.Conclusion:The water content in the tunic was used for controlling the mass response to the mechanical environment.

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5

Hirose, Euichi, Masakazu N. Aoki, and Jun Nishikawa. "Still alive? Fine structure of the barrels made by Phronima (Crustacea: Amphipoda)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 6 (November 9, 2005): 1435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405012610.

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Amphipods of the genus Phronima are known to make a barrel-shaped house from the gelatinous matrix of pelagic tunicates or siphonophores. Among the seven barrels examined here, one barrel of Phronima curvipes was supposed to be made from a swimming bell of a siphonophore based on its morphology, while the other six barrels made by P. sedentaria were immunochemically and/or morphologically identified as tunicates (i.e. Thetys vagina, other salps and pyrosomas). Histological observation showed that the phronimids had completely eaten the animal tissues other than the gelatinous matrix (i.e. tunic or mesoglea). Tunic cells were found in the tunicate barrel and some were probably tunic phagocytes that appeared to be alive and functional. In the tunicate barrels, cuticular layers of the tunic were found on both the outer and inner side of the barrel wall. Tunic cuticle would be regenerated on the inner side after the epidermis was grazed by the phronimids. The cuticular layers would protect the tunic matrix from the invasion of microorganisms. In the barrel supposed to originate from Thetys vagina, there are minute protrusions on the tunic cuticle as found in the intact tunic of this species. In the barrel from a siphonophore, neither cells nor cuticle regeneration were found. No bacteria were observed in the barrel, suggesting that the barrel has some antibiotic system.

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6

Herlina, Lina, Reflinur Reflinur, Sobir Sobir, Awang Maharijaya, Suryo Wiyono, and Bonjok Istiaji. "GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN SHALLOTS BASED ON BULB-TUNIC PATTERNS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 20, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v20n1.2019.p19-28.

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<p class="abstrakinggris"><span class="tlid-translation">Variation within bulb tunics has been used to determine the genetic diversity in <em>Allium</em> species, including shallots</span><span class="tlid-translation"><span>. </span></span>However, no such study has been reported for shallots of Indonesia. The study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the Indonesian shallots based on the bulb-tunic patterns. Thirty-five shallot genotypes from main production centers in Indonesia were used. The ultrasculptures of the bulb tunics were examined by light microscopy, including the inner surface and cell shape patterns of the bulb tunics. The phenotypic data, i.e. quantitative and qualitative traits were subjected to the descriptive statistics, principal component, correlation, regression, and clustering analyses. The results showed that the bulb-tunic cell patterns were varied, which shared almost identical with 13 <em>Allium</em> species. Total bulb weight per genotype showed the greatest variation (cv = 89.10%) and significant correlation with bulb weight per plant (r = 0.773). The principle component analyses showed the cumulative proportion of 78% of the total morphological variation in all shallot genotypes. Based on clustering analysis, the genetic variation of Indonesian shallots are grouped into twelve clusters with 50% genetic similarity. The study indicates that Indonesian shallots are genetically varied and could be useful for further utilization in their genetic improvement program.</p>

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Kushnirenko, Inessa. "IODINE DEFICIENCY AND PATHOLOGY OF THYROID GLAND AS A BACKGROUND STATE OF CANDIDIASIS OF MUCOSA OF THE UPPER PART OF DIGESTIVE TRACT." EUREKA: Health Sciences 4 (July 29, 2016): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2016.00119.

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There were examined 119 patients of gastroenterological profile, who, according to the results of microbiological examination of scraping from tongue and biopsy material of digestive tract and stomach, were divided into three groups: 1 group – patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis and surface candidiasis of mucous tunic, 2 group – patients with invasion of Candida fungi in mucous tunic, 3 group – patients without oropharyngeal candidiasis and without growth of fungi in biopsy material. The status of iodine provision was studied in 78 persons. The results of research revealed that at structural changes of thyroid gland the dominating position in patients with candidiasis of mucous tunic occupies the nodular goiter– 29,31% and 36,36% for 1 and 2 group respectively, whereas in 3 group the frequency of nodular goiter was 11,76%, at that hyperplasia and nodular goiter in patients with fungi invasion in mucous tunic was revealed 2,6 times more often comparing with patients without candidiasis (χ2=4,01; р<0,05). In patients with oropharyngeal and surface candidiasis and invasive candidiasis of mucous tunic of the upper part of digestive tract the hard degree of iodine nutrition deficiency with thyroglobulin level higher than 40 ng/ml was revealed in more than half of cases. At that the frequency of hard iodine deficiency at fungi invasion in mucous tunic 4,2 times higher comparing with patients without candidiasis of mucous tunic (F=0,024; р<0,05). So, the concomitant comorbid state with pathology of thyroid gland and iodine deficiency is an aggravating factor in the course of candida infection that is necessary to be taken into account at clinical monitoring of patients with candidiasis of mucous tunic of the upper part of gastrointestinal tract.

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8

Angotoeva, I. B., E. V. Sukhovetchenko, I. B. Angotoeva, and E. V. Suhovetchenko. "Study of inert cellulose powder effect on the nasal mucosa." Russian Journal of Allergy 8, no. 6 (December 15, 2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja811.

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Background. To investigate the efficiency, safety of inert cellulose powder in allergic rhinitis, and influence on mucous tunic of nasal cavity. Materials and methods. Two groups of patients were examined in this research (30 healthy volunteers and 30 patients suffering from allergic rhinitis). The following factors of patients' life and health condition were evaluated during the investigation: quality of life, the condition of mucous tunic, mucociliary clearance rate, the ciliabeat frequency of ciliated cylindrical epithelium, the signs of inflammation in the smears of mucous tunic before and after the treatment with Nazaval and Nazaval Plus. The results. Nazaval and Nazaval Plus improved the quality of life index and reduced the inflammation signs of mucous tunic of nasal cavity examined by rhinoscopy and endoscopy. No ciliotoxic effects of preparations on mucous tunic were established. Conclusion. The inert cellulose powder is a highly effective and safe product for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

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9

Phoenix, Daniel. "‘Garments so Chequered’: the Bible of Cîteaux, the Bayeux Tapestry and the Vair Pattern." Antiquaries Journal 90 (February 26, 2010): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581509990448.

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AbstractThe Bayeux Tapestry depicts three curious chequered garments. These garments are usually identified as gambesons, or some form of scaled armour. Several scholars have observed similar garments in the early twelfth-century Bible of Cîteaux. The Cîteaux garments are depicted in a pattern later used to represent fur (called ‘vair’) in heraldic art. This identification is confirmed by the pattern’s usage in cloak linings, but its simultaneous appearance as tunic material is unfamiliar in later art. The Cîteaux tunics suggest the possibility that the Bayeux garments may also have been intended to represent fur tunics. Reasons for that identification, as well as problems with the identification, are considered.

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10

Hirose, Mamiko, Tetsuya Tochikubo, and Euichi Hirose. "Taxonomic significance of tunic spicules in photosymbiotic ascidians: a quantitative and molecular evaluation." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 5 (December 9, 2009): 1065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409991263.

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Many didemnid ascidians have calcareous spicules in the tunic. Since the spicules of each species have a specific shape and size-range, they are often regarded as an important character for taxonomy. To evaluate the taxonomic significance of tunic spicules, a quantitative survey of spicule size and shape was combined with a molecular phylogeny inferred from the partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in some groups of didemnid species that are supposedly closely related. This study revealed the presence of substantial intraspecific variations in the shape and size of tunic spicules. The spicules are, therefore, not always crucial features discriminating species, particularly among related species. Although tunic spicules are potentially valuable features for didemnid taxonomy, their intraspecific variation should be carefully considered before they are used as a key character for species identification.

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11

Utermann, Caroline, Vivien A. Echelmeyer, Martina Blümel, and Deniz Tasdemir. "Culture-Dependent Microbiome of the Ciona intestinalis Tunic: Isolation, Bioactivity Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomics." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111732.

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Ascidians and their associated microbiota are prolific producers of bioactive marine natural products. Recent culture-independent studies have revealed that the tunic of the solitary ascidian Cionaintestinalis (sea vase) is colonized by a diverse bacterial community, however, the biotechnological potential of this community has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed at isolating the culturable microbiota associated with the tunic of C.intestinalis collected from the North and Baltic Seas, to investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and to gain first insights into their metabolite repertoire. The tunic of the sea vase was found to harbor a rich microbial community, from which 89 bacterial and 22 fungal strains were isolated. The diversity of the tunic-associated microbiota differed from that of the ambient seawater samples, but also between sampling sites. Fungi were isolated for the first time from the tunic of Ciona. The proportion of bioactive extracts was high, since 45% of the microbial extracts inhibited the growth of human pathogenic bacteria, fungi or cancer cell lines. In a subsequent bioactivity- and metabolite profiling-based approach, seven microbial extracts were prioritized for in-depth chemical investigations. Untargeted metabolomics analyses of the selected extracts by a UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking approach revealed a vast chemical diversity with compounds assigned to 22 natural product families, plus many metabolites that remained unidentified. This initial study indicates that bacteria and fungi associated with the tunic of C.intestinalis represent an untapped source of putatively new marine natural products with pharmacological relevance.

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12

Sakai, Daisuke, Hiroshi Kakiuchida, Kenji Harada, Jun Nishikawa, and Euichi Hirose. "Parallel plications may enhance surface function: physical properties of transparent tunics in colonial ascidians Clavelina cyclus and C. obesa." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 8 (October 15, 2019): 1831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419000833.

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AbstractAn array of nano-scale protrusions, called the nipple array, is found on the body surface of various invertebrates, and this structure is believed to decrease light reflectance and water wettability on the surface in the terrestrial environment. However, its potential functions have not been well studied in aquatic environments. Clavelina spp. are colonial ascidians that have the nipple array on their integumentary matrix (i.e. tunic). We examined the physical properties on the surface of the tunic of C. cyclus and C. obesa, such as hardness, wettability and refractive indices, to evaluate the functional importance of this structure. The tunic cuticle of both species was covered with the nipple array, and the cuticle of C. cyclus was bent into folds forming parallel plications. The Clavelina tunic was very soft and had high bubble- and oil-repellency. The refractive-index deviation between the tunic and seawater was 0.07–0.095 for 589-nm light (D-line). Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) showed that the nipple array slightly reduced reflectance on the surface and the parallel plications reduced the reflectance still more. The nanoimprinted plates imitating the parallel plications have higher bubble repellency and lower reflectance than the flat plates. These findings support the functional importance of the plications as well as the nipple array.

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13

Dawson, Tim. "A Tunic From Eastern Anatolia." Costume 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cos.2002.36.1.93.

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14

Matos, Ana, Dany Domínguez-Pérez, Daniela Almeida, Guillermin Agüero-Chapin, Alexandre Campos, Hugo Osório, Vitor Vasconcelos, and Agostinho Antunes. "Shotgun Proteomics of Ascidians Tunic Gives New Insights on Host–Microbe Interactions by Revealing Diverse Antimicrobial Peptides." Marine Drugs 18, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18070362.

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Ascidians are marine invertebrates associated with diverse microbial communities, embedded in their tunic, conferring special ecological and biotechnological relevance to these model organisms used in evolutionary and developmental studies. Next-generation sequencing tools have increased the knowledge of ascidians’ associated organisms and their products, but proteomic studies are still scarce. Hence, we explored the tunic of three ascidian species using a shotgun proteomics approach. Proteins extracted from the tunic of Ciona sp., Molgula sp., and Microcosmus sp. were processed using a nano LC-MS/MS system (Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatography system coupled to a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer). Raw data was searched against UniProtKB – the Universal Protein Resource Knowledgebase (Bacteria and Metazoa section) using Proteome Discoverer software. The resulting proteins were merged with a non-redundant Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) database and analysed with MaxQuant freeware. Overall, 337 metazoan and 106 bacterial proteins were identified being mainly involved in basal metabolism, cytoskeletal and catalytic functions. 37 AMPs were identified, most of them attributed to eukaryotic origin apart from bacteriocins. These results and the presence of “Biosynthesis of antibiotics” as one of the most highlighted pathways revealed the tunic as a very active tissue in terms of bioactive compounds production, giving insights on the interactions between host and associated organisms. Although the present work constitutes an exploratory study, the approach employed revealed high potential for high-throughput characterization and biodiscovery of the ascidians’ tunic and its microbiome.

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Hirose, Euichi, Daisuke Sakai, Tomohiro Shibata, Junji Nishii, Hiroyuki Mayama, Akihiro Miyauchi, and Jun Nishikawa. "Does the tunic nipple array serve to camouflage diurnal salps?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 5 (March 17, 2015): 1025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000119.

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The salp Thalia rhomboides is distributed in the shallow depths during the day, and is thus at increased risk of predation by visual predators and from the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation compared with species distributed in deeper layers in the daytime. The integument (tunic) of T. rhomboides may have adaptive optical properties, but the absorption spectra of the unfixed tunic demonstrate that the tunic transmits UV as well as visible light, indicating that the tunic is not an effective barrier against UV radiation. Ultrastructural observation revealed that the surface of the tunic cuticle is covered in a nipple array consisting of hemispherical protuberances approximately 40 and 30 nm in diameter in solitary and aggregate zooids, respectively. Simulation of light reflection of a nipple array using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) indicated that the reflection is slightly lower for the nipple array than for a flat surface at high angles of incidence (θ > 80°). This result supports the idea that the nipple array serves to make the salp less visible. The simulation also indicated that the height and distribution of the salp nipple array do not have an optimal structure for causing an antireflection effect. A mechanical restriction might exist on the structures, and the nipple array could also serve another function. The size and distribution of nipples may be controlled by the need to meet the complex requirements of multiple essential functions.

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Dell'Atti, Lucio, Simone Scarcella, Giulio Argalia, Lorenzo Montesi, Gian Marco Giuseppetti, and Andrea Benedetto Galosi. "Rupture of the cavernous body diagnosed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound: Presentation of a clinical case." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 90, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2018.2.143.

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Penile trauma represents a urological emergency characterized by the breaking of the albuginea tunic. A fast diagnosis and early surgical repair are the best treatments to avoid post-operative sequelae such as curvatures or deformities of the penis. An ultrasound evaluation may not be able to identify the injury in the tunica albuginea due to the edematous swelling of the penis and clots within the tear deteriorate the image contrast and can hide the injury. We here report a case study of successful management via surgical treatment for rupture of the cavernous body diagnosed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in a young patient with penile trauma.

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17

Monmai, Chaiwat, Seok Go, II-Shik Shin, Sang You, Hyungjae Lee, Seok Kang, and Woo Park. "Immune-Enhancement and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium Tunic in RAW264.7 Cells." Marine Drugs 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090309.

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Halocynthia aurantium, an edible ascidian species, has not been studied scientifically, even though tunicates and ascidians are well-known to contain several unique and biologically active materials. The current study investigated the fatty acid profiles of the H. aurantium tunic and its immune-regulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Results of the fatty acid profile analysis showed a difference in ratios, depending on the fatty acids being analysed, including those of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In particular, omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosatrienoic acid n-3 (ETA n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were much higher than omega-6 fatty acids. Moreover, the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids, significantly and dose-dependently, increased the NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW264.7 cells, for immune-enhancement without cytotoxicity. In addition, these fatty acids regulated the transcription of immune-associated genes, including iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α. These actions were activated and deactivated via Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)and NF-κB signaling, to regulate the immune responses. Conversely, the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids effectively suppressed the inflammatory cytokine expressions, including iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Productions of COX-2 and PGE2, which are key biomarkers for inflammation, were also significantly reduced. These results elucidated the immune-enhancement and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the H. aurantium tunic fatty acids in macrophage cells. Moreover, the H. aurantium tunic might be a potential fatty acid source for immune-modulation.

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Robinson, W. E., H. Michibata, K. Kustin, and C. J. Doona. "Glutathione effectsCiona intestinalis larval tunic morphogenesis." Journal of Experimental Zoology 257, no. 1 (January 1991): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402570108.

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Hirose, Euichi, Kei Nakayama, Tetsuya Yanagida, Akatsuki Nawata, and Shin-Ichi Kitamura. "Measurement of Tunic Hardness in an Edible Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, with Remarks on Soft Tunic Syndrome." Zoological Science 35, no. 6 (December 2018): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zs180072.

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20

López-Pérez, Belén, Tamara Ambrona, Ellie L. Wilson, and Marina Khalil. "The Effect of Enclothed Cognition on Empathic Responses and Helping Behavior." Social Psychology 47, no. 4 (August 2016): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000273.

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Abstract. Based on the enclothed cognition framework, we tested whether the physical experience of wearing a tunic and identifying it with a nursing scrub may enhance empathic and helping responding, compared to the solely physical experience of wearing the scrub or associating with its symbolic meaning. Results of Study 1 (United Kingdom; n = 150) showed that participants who wore a tunic and identified it with a nursing scrub reported higher empathic concern and helped more in a punctual scenario, compared to the other two conditions. Results of Study 2 (Spain; n = 100) supported findings from Study 1 and showed that participants who wore a tunic and identified it with a nursing scrub volunteered more hours and showed higher response latency for altruistic motivation relevant words. Thus, the current research supports the enclothed cognition framework and shows that it also affects vicarious emotions and prosocial behavior.

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Kimura, S., K. Nakayama, M. Wada, UJ Kim, K. Azumi, T. Ojima, A. Nozawa, SI Kitamura, and E. Hirose. "Cellulose is not degraded in the tunic of the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi contracting soft tunic syndrome." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 116, no. 2 (October 16, 2015): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02913.

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22

Ballan-Dufrançais, C., M. Truchet, and A. Y. Jeantet. "La formation des spicules de Didemnidae (Ascidiacea)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-196.

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The spicules of didemnids ascidians are concretions made of calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite. Their origin and composition have been analyzed by electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Our results, both morphologic and microanalytic, confirm clearly the intracellular origin of the spicules. In the cells of the lateral thoracic organs (LTO), which are differentiations of the epidermal mantle, Golgi secretory vesicles are formed and calcium and strontium are trapped on the organic matrix that is rich in sulfur. A crystalline precipitation occurs in the cell before or during its migration into the cavity of the LTO. Then, the new spicules, always surrounded by an organic envelope, are liberated in the LTO cavity and migrate into the tunic; the cells also migrate in the tunic. The spicules continue to grow extracellularly in the tunic. They have the same morphology and chemical composition as the young spicules, which demonstrates a control of the ionic balance by the cells, both intra- and even extra-cellularly where the mechanism of spicule growth remains to be determined.

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Hignett, Sue, and Emma Crumpton. "Uniforms: a comparative evaluation of tunic tops." Nursing Standard 15, no. 23 (February 21, 2001): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2001.02.15.23.33.c2985.

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24

Cole, Thomas B. "Feathered Tunic With Felines, Birds, and Fish." JAMA 301, no. 1 (January 7, 2009): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2008.788.

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25

Nawata, A., E. Hirose, and SI Kitamura. "Tunic extract of the host ascidian attracts the causal agent of soft tunic syndrome, Azumiobodo hoyamushi (Kinetoplastea: Neobodonida)." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 129, no. 3 (August 14, 2018): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03253.

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Carstairs-McCarthy, Andrew. "DIDO, PALLAS, NISUS AND THE NAMELESS MOTHERS INAENEID8–10." Classical Quarterly 68, no. 1 (May 2018): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000983881800023x.

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In the so-called ‘Iliadic’Aeneid(Books 7–12), Dido is scarcely mentioned. At first sight, Aeneas’ dalliance at Carthage is forgotten when he gets down to the serious business of establishing the Trojans in Italy. But the poem's last mention of Dido (at 11.74, when Aeneas places a tunic made by her on the dead Pallas) is enmeshed in a network of parallel passages elsewhere in theAeneidrelating to tunics and adoption. In the light of similarities between Aeneas and the superficially unimportant Trojan warrior Nisus, these passages bear crucially (I suggest) on the contrast between Aeneas’ public and privatepietas: his obedience to imposed (or public) commitments and to chosen (or private) ones. In this way, Virgil provides guidance on what motivates Aeneas’ fury in Books 10 and 12.

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Varzhapetyan, Suren. "IATROGENIC AND ODONTOGENIC FORMS OF STOMATOGENIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS. ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTIC." EUREKA: Health Sciences 4 (July 29, 2016): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2016.00118.

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The special features of transfer of information of the cone-beam computed tomography allows make conclusions about the character of pathological changes in maxillary sinuses only by the features of form and outlines of shadow of changed mucous tunic of sinus at its equal intensity that often leads to the incorrect interpretation of the results of research. The high sensitivity of two-dimensional ultrasonography as for thickening (sclerosis) of mucous tunic, its edema (effusion) and exudation (purulent or serous) allows the more widen use of this method in addition to the cone-beam tomography at examination of maxillary sinuses. The other important moment is an absence of harmful influence of ultrasound on organism that makes it ideal for assessment of the dynamics of clinical course and allows prescribe it for pregnant and children. The two-dimensional ultrasound examination of 86 patients with stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis (iatrogenic – 79,1 % odontogenic – 20,9 % forms) was carried out using ultrasound diagnostic apparatus АCUSON X 500, ATSmod.539 (SIEMENS, USA) in В-mode by the method of V.V. Shilenkova. In the result of research was found out that sonographic picture of the maxillary sinuses at stomatogenic maxillary sinusitis depends on etio-pathogenetic form of disease. For iatrogenic form of maxillary sinusitis of stomatogenic origin are typical the ultrasound signs of chronic inflammation with many inflammatory inclusions in sinus, sclerosis of mucous tunic and serous effusion. By frequency prevailed: hyperechogenicity of membrane (30,8 %), its heterogenous echostructure (52,9 %), hyperechogenic character of content (39,7 %), arched outline of the back wall (36,8 %). For odontogenic form of maxillary sinusitis of stomatogenic origin are typical the ultrasound signs of acute catarrhal inflammation with predomination of exudation in the mucous tunic and absence of contents in the lumen of sinus. By frequency prevailed: hypoechogenicity of membrane (27,8 %), its homogenous echostructure (45,6 %); acoustic shadow in sinus (72,2 %), arched outline of the back wall (27,8 %).

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Kushch, Tatiana. "The Tunic of Christ and the Crown Jewels: Relics in the Byzantine Diplomacy of the Fourteenth Century." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 6 (December 28, 2021): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.6.14.

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ntroduction. This article discusses the “reliquary diplomacy” introduced by Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos during the Ottoman siege of Constantinople (1394–1402). The emperor widely used the relics in the creation of the anti-Ottoman alliance. This article addresses a specific case of this diplomatic practice, Manuel II Palaiologos’ request to Venice for a loan for the deposit on the Tunic of Christ and other relics. Methods. From the juxtaposition of sources and the comparative analysis of the fourteenth-century relations between Byzantium and Venice there are good reasons to discover the motives behind the Venetians’ denial of the emperors’ proposal. Analysis. After 1261 Constantinople kept numerous relics, particularly the Seamless Tunic of Christ and the Purple Robe. The sources in possession do not allow an unequivocal conclusion if the artifact offered to the Venetians was the Seamless Tunic or another one. In the author’s interpretation, the reason of Venice’s withdrawal from the deal was the empire’s bad “credit history.” In August 1343, the Senate of Venice gave credit of 30,000 gold ducats to the Empress Anna of Savoy for the deposit of the jewels of the crown. The Venetians permanently reminded Byzantium about the repayment of the debt and the ransom for the jewels, and, moreover, offered to take the island of Tenedos as a compensation. Therefore, the unsolved problem of the old debt made the new deal with the emperor hopeless in the Venetians’ eyes. Results. The case under analysis sheds light on the state of the Empire in the late fourteenth century. Manuel II Palaiologos put into the “diplomatic circulation” the relics which were convertible in the Christian West. The failure of his negotiations with Venice turned him to active search for other allies, whom he sent parts of the Tunic of Christ in order to gain their military and financial support.

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Hirose, Euichi. "Pigmentation and Acid Storage in the Tunic: Protective Functions of the Tunic Cells in the Tropical Ascidian Phallusia nigra." Invertebrate Biology 118, no. 4 (1999): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3227010.

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Луценко, Михаил, and Mikhail Lutsenko. "MOTION ACTIVITY OF AIRWAY CILIATED EPITHELIUM IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA." Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration 1, no. 62 (December 15, 2016): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23249.

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At asthma in bronchial mucous tunic as a result of chronic inflammatory process the working of mucociliary system is disturbed and there is restructuring of epithelial layer. The number of ciliary cells at the severe form of asthma decreases till 70%. The reason of restructuring of ciliated epithelium is the accumulation of a big number of fatty acids peroxides in the mucous tunic. Under their influence there is a decrease of activity of succinate dehydrogenase and ATP in the basal bodies of ciliary cells. Under the severe form of asthma there is a suppression of activity of mucociliary clearance as a result of destruction of a big number of bronchial mucosa ciliated cells.

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31

Robertson, Sally. "Tunic and trousers are not a ‘real’ uniform." Nursing Standard 16, no. 21 (February 6, 2002): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.21.30.s42.

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Bartlett, Catherine, and John Knape. "The tunic-and-trousers debate just won’t wear." Nursing Standard 16, no. 29 (April 3, 2002): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.29.31.s45.

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Kim, Min Jung, Won Baek Kim, Ji Hoe Hwang, Suae Kim, Bo Ram Kim, Kyoung Yoon Koo, Hong Joo Son, Dae Youn Hwang, Young Jin Jung, and Heeseob Lee. "Characterization of Styela clava Tunic after Alkaline Treatment." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 45, no. 5 (May 31, 2016): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.5.690.

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Kawa-Miszczak, L., and A. A. De Hertogh. "SCALE AND TUNIC MORPHOLOGY OF TULIPA AND FREESIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 325 (December 1992): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.325.7.

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Yang, Kee Cheol, and Young Soo Kim. "A Case of Fibrous Pseudotumor of Testicular Tunic." Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine 5, no. 2 (1988): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1988.5.2.231.

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Longhurst, Chris. "Burgundy tunic will raise visibility of senior staff." Nursing Standard 32, no. 14 (November 29, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.32.14.10.s7.

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KATO, Yoko. "Active Movement of the Tunic in Halocynthia roretzi." Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 5, no. 2 (2010): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jbse.5.163.

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Bažantová, Nina. "The Tunic from the Reliquary of Saint Ludmila." Textile History 21, no. 1 (January 1990): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/004049690793711316.

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Wolfers, David. "The "Neck" of Job's Tunic (Job Xxx 18)." Vetus Testamentum 44, no. 4 (1994): 570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853394x00583.

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Dirisu, J. O., O. S. I. Fayomi, S. O. Oyedepo, and J. I. Mmuokebe. "Performance assessment of the firefighting personal protective tunic." Energy Procedia 157 (January 2019): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.11.205.

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Hirose, Euichi, Masakazu Aoki, and Kazuyoshi Chiba. "Fine Structures of Tunic Cells and Distribution of Bacteria in the Tunic of the Luminescent Ascidian Clavelina miniata (Ascidiacea, Urochordata)." Zoological Science 13, no. 4 (August 1996): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.13.519.

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Hirose, E., S.-I. Ohtake, and K. Azumi. "Morphological characterization of the tunic in the edible ascidian,Halocynthia roretzi(Drasche), with remarks on ‘soft tunic syndrome’ in aquaculture." Journal of Fish Diseases 32, no. 5 (May 2009): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01034.x.

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43

Konyaeva, T. P., V. T. Dolgikh, and S. N. Yelomenko. "Functional-morphological changes in small intestine in early post-resuscitation period." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2004): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2004-2-5-13.

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The aim of investigation is revelation of regularities of post-resuscitation parietal digestion disturbances based on the study of small intestine mucous tunic. 5-minute apparent death by sharp bloodletting has been simulated at 40 rats. They have been used in 30 and 90 minutes; 3 and 6 hours after resuscitation for the study of small intestine mucous tunic with the methods of: 1) enzyme step-desorption; 2) perfusion in vivo; 3) section coloration by hematoxylin-eosin. In 30 minutes after the resuscitation the activity of all amylase fractions has risen sharply: activity of abdominal fraction — by 52%, of desorbed fractions — by 67% and of intracellular fraction — by 26% regarding to the control level (p < 0,001). In 3 hours the activity of amylase abdominal fraction has increased by 79% and activity of intracellular fraction has, on the contrary, decreased by 23% up to the control level (p < 0,001). These changes have prevailed in proximal part of small intestine that was connected with the peculiarities of its blood supply and innervation. In the early post-resuscitation period two picks of amylolytic enzyme activity have been observed. They are connected with the processes of ischemia-reperfusion in pancreaticoduodenal area and the morphological changes of mucous tunic confirm visually the increase of permeability in proximal parts of small intestine.

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Kitamura, S.-I., S.-I. Ohtake, J.-Y. Song, S.-J. Jung, M.-J. Oh, B.-D. Choi, K. Azumi, and E. Hirose. "Tunic morphology and viral surveillance in diseased Korean ascidians: soft tunic syndrome in the edible ascidian,Halocynthia roretzi(Drasche), in aquaculture." Journal of Fish Diseases 33, no. 2 (February 2010): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01103.x.

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Valcarcel, Jesus, José Antonio Vázquez, Uxía R. Varela, Rui L. Reis, and Ramon Novoa-Carballal. "Isolation and Characterization of Polysaccharides from the Ascidian Styela clava." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010016.

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Styela clava is an edible sea squirt farmed in Korea that has gradually invaded other seas, negatively impacting the ecology and economy of coastal areas. Extracts from S. clava have shown wide bioactivities, and ascidians have the unique capability among animals of biosynthesizing cellulose. Thus, S. clava is a relevant candidate for valorization. Herein, we aimed at surveying and characterizing polysaccharides in both tunic and flesh of this ascidian. To this end, we enzymatically hydrolyzed both tissues, recovering crystalline cellulose from the tunic with high aspect ratios, based on results from microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy analyses. Alkaline hydroalcoholic precipitation was applied to isolate the polysaccharide fraction that was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (with light scattering detection) and NMR. These techniques allowed the identification of glycogen in the flesh with an estimated Mw of 7 MDa. Tunic polysaccharides consisted of two fractions of different Mw. Application of Diffusion-Ordered NMR allowed spectroscopically separating the low-molecular-weight fraction to analyze the major component of an estimated Mw of 40–66 kDa. We identified six different sugar residues, although its complexity prevented the determination of the complete structure and connectivities of the residues. The two more abundant residues were N-acetylated and possibly components of the glycosaminoglycan-like (GAG-like) family, showing the remaining similarities to sulfated galactans. Therefore, Styela clava appears as a source of nanocrystalline cellulose and GAG-like polysaccharides.

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CHAIBI, MARWA, MOUNA ANTIT, MARWA BOUHEDI, MIGUEL A. MECA, PATRICK GILLET, ATF AZZOUNA, and DANIEL MARTIN. "A new species of Flabelligeridae (Annelida), Trophoniella radesiensis n. sp., from Tunisia." Zootaxa 4571, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.7.

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The family Flabelligeridae was previously represented in Tunisia by four genera including four species: Bradabyssa villosa (Rathke, 1843), Therochaeta flabellata (M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872), Pherusa plumosa (Müller, 1776), and Piromis eruca (Claparède, 1869). In this paper we report a fifth genus, Trophoniella, for the first time in Tunisia. The specimens were collected in Radés Station, Gulf of Tunis (Central Mediterranean) and belong to a new species, namely Trophoniella radesiensis n. sp., which is characterized by having: (1) a very smooth tunic, body covered dorsally, ventrally, and laterally by sediment grains (except in the posterior region), and (2) well-developed parapodia showing short neurohooks from chaetiger 6 to 19 and anchylosed neurohooks from chaetiger 20. Based on the 16S, the new species belongs to a low supported Piromis/Trophoniella clade and shows a 16.1% of genetic distance from Trophoniella hephaistos Jimi & Fujiwara, 2016, the single known species of the genus sequenced to date. [Zoobank lsid: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D7C85C70-87FF-4AF4-8599-A8462B3FB8B1]

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Fominykh, T. A., A. P. D’yachenko, and V. S. Ulanov. "MARIE FRANÇOIS XAVIER BICHAT (1771-1802)." Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4 (2021): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2224-6444-2020-10-4-58-63.

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The article tells about the great French surgeon, anatomist and physiologist Marie-François Xavier Bichat, the founder of science about tissues – histology, discoverer in an anatomy and creator of such medical disciplines, as a thanatology (science about death) and pathoanatomy. The most essential moments and facts from biography of scientist are described, his basic scientific insights are briefly expounded. Main scientific works and publications, and also described by Bichat anatomic structures and formations are enumerated. His name is carried on by several eponyms in anatomy fossa (pterygopalatine fossa), Bichat’s protuberance (buccal fat pad), Bichat’s foramen (cistern of the vena magna of Galen), Bichat’s ligament (lower fasciculus of the posterior sacroiliac ligament), Bichat’s fissure (transverse fissure of the brain) and Bichat’s tunic (tunica intima vasorum). The substantive provisions of the scientific conceptions offered to them in morphology and pathoanatomy are expounded. The critical importance of scientific works and discoveries of Marie-François Xavier Bichat for modern science and practical medicine is emphasized

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Kim, Si-Kyung, Seung-Wan Kim, Su-Jin Noh, Yeon-Joo Kim, Ji-Hee Kang, and Seung-Cheol Lee. "Qualities of Konjac Containing Tunic Extract from Styela clava." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 42, no. 3 (March 31, 2013): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.3.410.

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Rottmayr, Eva-Maria, Bert Steffan, and G. Wanner. "Pigmentation and tunic cells in Cystodytes dellechiajei (Urochordata, Ascidiacea)." Zoomorphology 120, no. 3 (February 16, 2001): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350000032.

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50

Herndon, Aaron M., Margret L. Casal, and John T. (Scott) Jaques. "Testicular Neoplasia in the Retained Testicles of an Intersex Male Dog." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 48, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5696.

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This case describes the presentation and management of an 8 yr old phenotypically female intersex male dog presented for evaluation of a mass in the right inguinal region. The right inguinal space was surgically explored, and a large irregular mass resembling a fully developed testicle was identified in the right vaginal tunic. A second mass resembling an atrophied, but anatomically mature testicle, was identified in the left tunic. The larger mass was identified as a Sertoli cell tumor that had replaced all normal testicular tissue. The smaller mass was identified as a testicle that contained a small intratubular seminoma. The patient was diagnosed as having a phenotypic female sex, chromosomal male sex, and a gonadal male sex. Hormone assays completed before and after the gonadectomy and mass removal document an elevation of circulating progesterone presurgically that returned to baseline by 1 mo postsurgically. The source of the progesterone was identified to be the Leydig cells of the atrophied testicle.

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