Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tunique moyenne'
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Laflamme, Karina. "Réponse vasocontractile des endothélines sur les différentes tuniques (media et adventice) d'un vaisseau sanguin humain reconstruit par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22761/22761.pdf.
Full textBourget, Jean-Michel. "Vaisseau sanguin reconstruit par génie tissulaire : développement d'une nouvelle approche pour la reconstruction de la media et interaction avec les microparticules." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26964.
Full textLa media vasculaire est au coeur des processus physiopathologiques qui entraînent le développement de l’athérosclérose. L’utilisation d’une media reconstruite par génie tissulaire permet d’étudier les cellules musculaires lisses (CML) humaines dans un environnement plus physiologique que les cellules en culture monocouche. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse sont orientés autour de la media vasculaire reconstruite par génie tissulaire comme modèle d’étude pharmacologique et prothèse vasculaire autologue. La première partie des travaux porte sur l’étude des interactions de cette tunique avec les microparticules (MP) circulantes. D’abord, nous avons montré que la présence de l’adventice modifie la réponse de la media aux MP produites in vitro à partir des lymphocytes T. Ensuite, l’étude de l’effet des MP isolées du sérum de patients en choc septique sur la media humaine a démontré que ces MP sont en mesure d’augmenter la contraction de la media par un mécanisme impliquant une diminution du NO et une augmentation de l’expression de l’ARN messager de l’interleukine-10. L’incubation de la media reconstruite avec cette cytokine anti-inflammatoire bloque l’hyporéactivité induite par les lipopolysaccharides. Le même phénomène a été reproduit in vivo, chez le rongeur. Ces résultats suggèrent que les SMP auraient un effet protecteur sur la fonction vasculaire, en potentialisant la contraction de la media. Ensuite, nous avons optimisé l’approche de reconstruction de prothèses vasculaires par auto-assemblage proposée initialement pour l’adapter au contexte particulier des CML. L’objectif principal était de permettre l’étude physiopathologique de la media à partir de toutes les lignées de CML; indépendamment de leur capacité de synthèse de matrice extracellulaire. Pour ce faire, nous avons développé un échafaudage de matrice extracellulaire produit par auto-assemblage à partir de fibroblastes humains. L’utilisation de cet échafaudage génère une media plus résistante et plus contractile que la technique initiale. Enfin, une anisotropie a été créée dans cet échafaudage pour permettre une orientation physiologique des CML. La media reconstruite devient ainsi plus résistante et plus contractile. Ces améliorations permettent de reconstruire des media à partir des cellules de plus de patients et mèneront à des études pharmacologiques plus représentatives de la population. Cet échafaudage facilitera la translation clinique de ce modèle de media reconstruite par génie tissulaire.
The pathological processes that result in the development of atherosclerostic lesions take place in the vascular media layer. This condition is responsible for half of cardiovascular associated fatalities. The development of a tissue-engineered blood vessel can contribute to the in vitro study of the human media in a 3-dimensional environment. This blood vessel can also be used as a prosthesis for arterial bypasses. The work presented here focus on the reconstructed vascular media as a pharmacological model and a potential vascular substitute. The vascular media reconstructed by self-assembly was used to study the interactions between this layer and circulating microparticles (MPs). We demonstrated that the adventitia layer can influence the response of the media to T-Lymphocytes derived MPs. Next, we investigated the influence of MPs isolated from whole blood of septic shock patients (SMPs), on the human engineered media. This study demonstrated that the SMPs decrease nitric oxide (NO) production and increase interleukin-10 (IL-10) messenger RNA in the media layer. Incubation of reconstructed media with this anti-inflammatory cytokine blocks the hyporeactivity induced by lipopolysaccharides. This finding was confirmed in vivo, in rodents. Therefore, the elevation of MP levels in sepsis is potentially probeneficial to the cardiovascular function in this pathology. We then investigated the feasibility of improving the reconstructed media in order to facilitate the physiopathological studies of this layer and improve the potential of a smooth muscle cell (SMC)-containing substitutes to be implanted in human. Therefore, the self-assembly approach was used to generate an extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, produced in vitro by fibroblasts, in which SMCs can be seeded. After a week of culture in a decellularised matrix scaffold, the SMC-containing sheets were rolled around a mandrel to form a media layer. This engineered media demonstrated an increase mechanical resistance and contractility as compared with the original technique. Finally, we created an anisotropic ECM scaffold that can direct the orientation of SMCs to reproduce the physiological orientation of that layer. Reconstructed media produced using those anisotropic scaffolds were more resistant and contractile than the ones reconstructed using isotropic scaffolds. These improvements will facilitate the reconstruction of a media layer using pathological cells from patients and could lead to more representative pharmacological study of this layer. Moreover, this scaffold will facilitate the clinical translation of the model from bench to bedside.
Fhima, Fredj. "Financement des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises en Tunisie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST3012.
Full textThe study of Tunisian Small and Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs) difficulties to access to funds shows that these enterprises experience a “banking integration deficit” that can be explained by credit rationing theory. The reluctance of Tunisian banks to become involved in SMEs' financing is largely explained by the structural and financial characteristics of the Tunisian banking system whereof of the dominance of commercial banks results in a limitation of competition on the financing cost. It is also explained by the weaknesses experienced by Tunisia as regards the sharing information and the creditors legal protection throughout the financing transaction.The empirical verification of Tunisian SMEs' credit rationing on the Tunisian bank credit market is founded on an estimate of a disequilibrium model on the basis of a panel data set of 1760 Tunisian SMEs over the period 2001-2006. Results show that Tunisian SMEs, dependent on bank credit, seek to avoid the call for this source of financing every time they experience an increase in their internal resources or have recourse to trade credit. The very strong risk aversion of banks makes the credit supply decision mainly dependent on real guarantee, and results to an average proportion of 90% - partially or totally - credit rationed enterprises
Chaouali, Moheddine. "La vie économique dans la moyenne vallée de la Medjerda à l'époque romaine." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10037.
Full textKhoufi, Walid. "Les défaillances des petites et moyennes industries en Tunisie : causes, prévision et redressement." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010052.
Full textThe objective of this research was to identify the main causes of tunisien small business failure, to display the failure prevision models and finally to define the turnaround mesures, in order to restore different firm equilibrium. After analysis of tunisien bankruptcy law and government intervention in the ailing firms, the target was to set the macro-economic factors of tunisien small business failure through an econometric model, and to present a typology of the principal micro-economic causes from the results of a survey established within ailing firms managers, business experts and consultants. The default never take place without preventing, various models are used to detect them. The theoretic bases and empiric results of this models have been presented. Nevertheless, they don't give tangible explication to the default. They are not enough to rescue the firm. Other means must be used: diagnostic and turnaround plan. The former allow the identification of strong and weak points of the firm and the default causes as well. The second gives the different mesures that should be taken in order to remedy the difficulties
Ayadi, Faouzi. "L' adoption des systèmes d'information inter-organisationnels : le cas de l'EDI dans les PME tunisiennes." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10007.
Full textTo estimate the success of the adoption of the EDI is a complex problem which concerns organisational development and an executive requirement to develop good practices of type BtoB. The EDI adoption exercise is more important for the Tunisian companies because the information system strategy tend to be aligned to their global strategy of adoption of the Inter-Organisational Information Systems (IOS). This search aims to give a frame of systematic analysis to estimate the success of adoption and impact of the EDI, and contribute to give a reponse to :"How evaluate a good practices as regards to Electronic Data Interchange ?" The proposed conceptual sheme describe three main areas of evaluation of EDI adoption assessment; (1) the key factors success which affect the process of adoption; (2) the process quality factors which affect the success of the adoption; and (3) the adoption EDI results efficacy and efficiency factors. These three areas contribute to formulate a "global system of adoption and impact of this technology" frame governed by a dependence analysis hypothesis, which are treated by a structural linear equations method with the AMOS 4. 0 SPSS tool. The general results confirms the excellent fit of the model with data, and an optimal structure of directs and indirects causalities between the main factor. Their implementation conduce to formulate several conclusions with the new IOIS/EDI adoption research orientations, and practical and professional purposes in the different Tunisians' industrial sectors
Harzli, Taoufik. "L'eau et le développement des petites et moyennes exploitations tunisiennes : le cas de la région semi-aride d'El Amaiem." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20020.
Full textConfronted by climatic hazards and more precisely by the drastic dry conditions of the environement, small and middle-sized tunisian farms have started a development process using irrigation systems which have proved to be unreliable due to the scarceness of available water. This development trend is mainly based on family policy. All family members participate not only because they accomplish the current tasks on the farm but alos because the income they may obtain from jobs outside the farm supplement family needs and help finance farm production implementation. The analysis of small and middle sized farm policy emphasize the "individualist" characteristic of this development trend which leads to an overconsumption of water resources. This study puts to the fore the possible need for some state control that would take into account the dynamism of small and midde sized farms. In that case the government would organise the development of farms with in a local project
Dridi, Lamjed. "Les villages et les sociétés villageoises en Ifriqiya au Haut Moyen Âge (IIe-Ve s. H. /VIIIe-XIe s. J. C. ) : approche historique et archéologique." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4010.
Full textAn essay which tries an history of rural structure and society of Ifriqiya from the beginings of its islamic period to the end of Fatimid califate and zirid domination in to-day Tunisia. The two volumes of this study bring a critical analysis of textual sources as well as field prospections which are the basis of a typology of land occupation modes, an analysis of rural strucures and a description of interactions between society and economy in this rural context. The secon,d part of the study is devoted to the landed property and its structures, to the composition of the society – importance of Berbers, Arabs, Christian, Jews and, also, slaves – and a study of economic relations between villages and cities. The illustration present 8 in-text maps, 11 figures, 94 plates and an archeological atlas of 44 regional maps : this documents extend to medieval islamic Ifriqiya the analysis of the « Atlas archéologique de la Tunisie » for roman period. An index of of toponyms and archeological sites will help a non-specialist of islam in his lecture of this work
Elouardani, Hajer. "Contribution à l'analyse théorique de l'attractivité des investissements directs étrangers : le cas de la Tunisie à travers l'expérience des PME multinationales." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0053.
Full textGlobalization imposed to governments and firms to organize and to cooperate between them for this change process which is fundamental for their future. Tunisia understood the importance of foreign direct investment for her economic growth. So she is adapted many policies and laws to promote investment and attract small, medium and big enterprises. Our work is based on those of Charles Albert MICHALET, realized with the FIAS, to test the attractivness of some under development countries on foreign direct investment big transnational firms. His results show that Tunisia is not an attractive country face to foreign direct investment in "vertical or horizontal" strategies. In our work we tride to test the attractivness of Tunisia economic face to small and medium transnational enterprises
Chouk, Souad. "Veille anticipative stratégique : processus d'attention à l'environnement : application à des PMI tunisiennes." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21011.
Full textAnticipative Environmental Scanning –Collective Intelligence is the collective and proactive process through which members of organization (or individuals sollicited by the firm) tracks and use relevant anticipative environmental informations. In the developping countries the unavailability of environmental information doesn't stimulate informational behavior. A Baiting Environmental Attention Process (B. E. A. PRO) is built in the context of a panel of 17 tunisian SMES. L. E. SCAnning® global method, namely the Puzzle® heuristics proposed for structuring the Collective Sensemaking (CS) central process of the VAS-IC® reference pattern is our first source of actionable knowledge. The other elements of our method come from the organizations and decision theories, social psychology and strategic management. Our research suggests that, under certain conditions and with some critical success factors, B. E. A. PRO might be an effective tactic of triggering a collective learning by doing process leading tunisian SMEs to question the existing way of seeing the environment
Zarai, Mohamed Ali. "Propriété, contrôle et performance : étude dans le cadre des entreprises tunisiennes." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0004.
Full textKriaa-Medhaffer, Salima. "Veille anticipative stratégique : problématique de l'animation : proposition et expérimentations des connaissances actionnables situées : cas des entreprises tunisiennes." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE21031.
Full textThe anticipatory environmental scanning is a transverse organizational process through which a company intentionally tracks and uses pertinent information concerning its external environment to reach strategic objectives. This process is divided into different phases and involves people with interests and motivations that are sometimes contradictory. For those reasons, it is a complex process, difficult to set up and to implement normally and in a long term perspective. Our objective is to study the function of the Animation and to produce actionable knowledge. This actionable knowledge is integrated into a guide that will be used to follow-up and to help, "step by step", the beginners in the activity of animation. These beginners are responsible to set up a scanning device or to improve the existent and spontaneous practices of scanning. We build a theoretical framework of the Animation bringing together knowledge from different fields. An empirical work completes this framework. First, we have developed an exploratory research among Small and Medium Companies in Tunisia with the objective of identifying even simple scanning practices. Then, we have built a follow-up guide based in the theoretical knowledge and in the results of the qualitative analysis. Finally, we have tested this guide in three different companies. This final experiment allowed us to follow the beginners in the activity of animation and also to improve the existent scanning practices in the participant companies
Mahmoudi, Sabah. "Les Grands moyens d'information et les femmes rurales tunisiennes." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615513h.
Full textBen, Hadj Nasr Bouraoui Nejla. "La perception des déterminants de la compétitivité de l'entreprise et stratégie de "mise à niveau" face au marché de l'Union européenne : cas des PMI tunisiennes." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10079.
Full textThe research aims at the determination of the factors which account for the perception of the firm’s competitiveness at the Euro-international level, and at seeing whether the up-grading strategy allows the industrial firm to become competitive. In a first part, entitled “The competitiveness process : a multidimensional analysis”, we have tried to show theoretically and then empirically that the concept of competitiveness can be bound to the firm and/or to the product, both at the national and international levels. The theoretical syntheses, were they economic or organisational, have shown a multidimensional and multifactor aspect to competitiveness. In the second part, entitled “up-grading strategy : a new development orientation for the Tunisian small and middle industries (PMI)”, we try to see whether the up-grading strategy in order to reach the competitiveness goal, follows a strategic process which allows the sustained development of the firm. We have built all our reasoning around the indications of the basic theoretical models. We have integrate within each part (I and II) the empirical validation of each hypothesis of the model that we have devised in order to explain competitiveness and the up-grading strategy according to an approach based on the perception of the Tunisian leaders. The proposed survey concerned seventy-six small and middle Tunisian industrial firms. According to the Tunisian officials, competitiveness was appreciated through the competitiveness of the nation, of the firm and of the product and the efficiency of “up-grading” national programme was conditioned by the success of the carrying out of the whole up-grading procedure
Cherbib, Jihene. "La dynamique des alliances asymétriques : le cas des alliances dyadiques entre multinationales et PME tunisennes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS031S.
Full textThe strategic alliances tend to proliferate since the 80s because of the opening of markets in the globalization of the economic and financial exchanges. With the reduction in the geopolitical and institutional barriers, the competitive game moves then towards the search (research) for local partners to reach (affect) a global size (cutting) in particular in a more and more reagent, intense and uncertain competitive environment. On the other hand, there is a visible complexity in the implementation and the management of these relations which explains partially the rate of high failure. This complexity is more stressed when it is about characteristics and about asymmetric alliances. The present research suggests examining the interest to dash into asymmetric alliances, to study the complexity of the interactions within the dyadiques relations, between multinationals and SME Tunisians, considering the character asymmetric, and to bring an understanding on their dynamics as well as their processes of evolution. It stood out from it that, the asymmetry of gains and the appreciation of the report contributions-remunerations play a dominating role for the survival and the longevity of the asymmetric allicances. Indeed, the impact of the negative appreciation of the report contributions - remunerations is more important then that of the presences of factors definied as source of cooperative climate
Djelloul, Neji. "Les Installations militaires et la défense des Côtes tunisiennes du XVIe au XIXe siècles." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040020.
Full textThis essay have for subject the military installations and the defences of the Tunisian coasts in the Ottoman periode (XVI-XIX centuries). . . He is divided into three unequal parts. .
Lakhoua, Nizar. "Internationalisation des petites et moyennes banques dans les pays en voie de développement : cas de la Tunisie /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2195743R.html.
Full textLakhoua, Nizar. "Internationalisation des petites et moyennes banques dans les pays en voie de développement : cas de la Tunisie." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3555/1/000654691.pdf.
Full textOuaja, Mohamed. "Étude sédimentologique et paléobotanique du Jurassique moyen - Crétacé inférieur du bassin de Tataouine (Sud-Est de la Tunisie)." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10160.
Full textMahfoudh, Faouzi. "La ville de Sfax : recherches d'archéologie monumentale et évolution urbaine." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040025.
Full textThis thesis is a study about the historical monuments in Sfax: surrounding walls, hydraulic reservoirs, the great mosque, oratories, urban and suburban houses and the shopping center site. The analysis of the buildings is based on the textual and epigraphic documentation. For this particular point, a "corpus" of the monumental inscriptions has been made out. It gave us the opportunity to understand the evolution of the monuments and the development of the city in space as well as in time. Then, it appeared to us that Sfax kept a medieval aspect inspired by the "basse antiquité". The structure of the urban frame has not changed a lot since the 9th century. Throughout his history, the city has remained very close to Ifriqiya and to different arts which happened to come across. Nevertheless, the city has developed, in parallel, a regional specificity which is especially perceptible in the modern age
Slama, Thouraya. "L'intégration des parties prenantes dans le développement du processus de stratégie environnementale durable." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0678.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the integration of stakeholders in the implementation of sustainable environmental strategy. It presents the contributions and constraints of the literature on the notion of sustainable development within the company and its managerial variation: i. E. The stakeholders approach. This approach emphasizes the classification of stakeholders, but remains silent as to how this integration in the process of environmental development strategy takes place. We’ve resorted the theory of translation as an extension of stakeholder theory in order to be able to follow the process from the point of view of process (phases) as well as in terms of variables of Incorporation (stakeholders). To solve the problem, the first stage of empirical research is a qualitative exploratory study conducted within twenty five companies and five institutions operating on behalf of sustainable development. The second step will be a detailed analysis of five case studies, which have helped to refine the model proposed in the scoping study. Following this theoretical and empirical work, we propose a mapping of the deployment process of regarding the environmental development strategy taking into account the roles of stakeholders. We’ve also show that the process of deploying an environmental development strategy is reached through the integration of stakeholders, and the role played by each one of these in the process
Gasmi, Monia. "Espace et acteurs du développement industriel dans la ville de Sfax (Tunisie)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1GE03.
Full textFacing the gravity of the challenges and the complexity of the problems linked to the industrial activity, the role of which is essential for the future of emerging countries like Tunisia, we are focusing more closely on the industrial phenomenon in the city of Sfax. A geographical analysis of the city's industry made it possible to answer several questions dealing with the location of the industrials plants and the factors explaining their distribution. Our approach, combining theoretical reflections, observations and analyses, has a spatial dimension since industry can be located and therefore mapped and interpreted. Observation is an essential stage, but it is not sufficient to give an account on the complexity of the structures and dynamics. It is with this aim in view that our explanatory analysis retained three different aspects. Firstly, the distribution of the industrial areas is apprehended using spatial analysis methods. Secondly, the analysis of the current development processes is underlined. Thirdly, the study of the problems involved in this organisation al mode which is threatening the population and becomes a growing challenge to the city, is deepened. Our analysis reveals on the one hand the existence of traditional industrial organisation types, shown by the center-periphery model and on the other hand, a development mode called Local Productive System (LPS). In its spatial configuration this system is in some cases contradictory: after succeeding in offering scale economies, it is nowadays at the origin of urban diseconomies that local authorities cannot face. The concentration of industry on the coast and the existence of companies being noxious to the environment are two variables of negative influence on the LPS and can be thus considered as dangerous and constraining factors to the future strategies of development
Snadli, Sonia. "Le choix des indicateurs de performance par le dirigeant de PME : ses déterminants et son impact sur la performance financière : le cas des entreprises industrielles tunisiennes." Toulon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUL2007.
Full textThis research aims to explain the choice of performance measures made by the corporate executives of small and medium enterprises. Firstly, the study tests the impact of contingency factors on the choice of performance measures. Secondly, it verifies the effect of this choice on the financial firm’s performance. Based on a sample of 82 corporate executives of Tunisian industrial SME, the results reveal the structural factors inherent to business strategy and computerization of functional information systems have an impact on the performance measure’s choice. Moreover, the results show that behavioural factors such as perceived environment uncertainty; education and cognitive style influence the corporate executive’s choice of performance measures. Finally, the results suggest the presence of a contingent relationship between the choice of non financial performance measures and financial performances. The more the corporate executive use the non financial performance measures inherent to innovation and internal process, the higher is the financial performance of SME
Chatti, Rim. "Politique commerciale en concurrence imparfaite : une évaluation quantitative pour la Tunisie au moyen de modèles d'équilibre général calculable." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010003.
Full textThe impact of trade policy on welfare could be decomposed into many channels, when firms operate under increasing returns to scale and enjoy market power. These are the traditional terms of trade and deadweight loss effects, the scale effect in case of unexploited economies of scale, the procompetitive effect when firms price over the marginal cost and the variety effect when product differentiation is at the firm level. It is shown in the literature that the interaction of all these effects produces an ambiguous sign on welfare, that could be resolved only empirically. Tunisia has undertaken wide trade liberalization measures since 1986, our aim has been to give a sign to the impact of trade liberalization on welfare using computable general equilibrium models with increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition. We found welfare loss in case of free entry and exit and low fixed costs and welfare gain in case of barriers to entry and exit
Ben, Jeddou Mohamed. "Vers une étude de la dynamique du peuplement en Tunisie de la Protohistoire jusqu’au Haut Moyen Âge : Etude comparative entre deux régions : Béja (Nord-ouest) et Qlibya (Nord-est)." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE2021.
Full textMhissen, Mhedhebi Ines. "Engagement sociétal global en PME : une approche par les logiques d'action des dirigeants en Tunisie." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0019.
Full textTrying to explore the factors related to CSR commitment in SME, the purpose of this research is to understand the conditions underlying the emergence of a global social commitment in Tunisian SMEs, defined as multi-stakeholder commitment. In order to overcome the limitations of previous studies and reach this purpose, the present research uses the concept of logic of action originally used in sociology and refuting the separation between the actor and the action situation. To answer the thesis main research question "Which manager’s logics of action can lead to a global CSR commitment within SMEs?”, a quantitative survey was first conducted to establish a map related to the types of CSR commitments of Tunisian SMEs. Second, a qualitative study was realized to characterize and describe the evolution of the logic of action of eight SME managers presenting different levels of CSR engagement. The research findings tend to show that the hedonistic logic of action can be conducive to a global CSR commitment. Other logic of action can correspond to a global appropriation of CSR if the manager has specific predisposition (entrepreneurial logic of action). The SME, headed by a managerial logic of action, requires meanwhile, efforts in terms of institutional and regulatory frameworks in order to reach a significant CSR engagement
Ben, Slimane Sarra. "Les sources exogènes des fluctuations économiques dans les pays en développement : la Région MENA et la Tunisie." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0025.
Full textThe ambition of this research work is to analyze, in a comprehensive way, the short and medium term economic fluctuations in the developing countries of the MENA region. We will first analyze the cyclic likeness between the different MENA countries; in this sense, we will be mostly interested in the shape of the circumstantial cycle, notably in terms of length and size of the phases, through the configuration of an algorithm of identification. Thereafter we will try to clarify the sources of the economic fluctuations in the context of general equilibrium dynamic and stochastic model which applies to the case of Tunisia in order to reproduce the cyclic features of the economy in which the external shocks are assimilated to a mechanism of amplification of the sources of the economic fluctuations. Tunisia is at the same time a partner in the MENA region and undergoes symmetrical shocks in the region and the rest of the world. The Tunisian economy faces three different stochastic shocks: two external shocks of energy price and the world interest rate, and an internal shock of global productivity of the factors. We will finally approach the issue of the importance of the contributions of the external and internal shocks as explanatory elements of the short and medium term fluctuations in a developing country like Tunisia. We will introduce a structural VAR model to validate the theoretical (DSEG) one. Then, we will proceed to make a comparative analysis of the sources behind the internal and external fluctuations in the MENA region through an in panel VAR
Mejri, Hajer. "Paléorivages marins pléistocènes du littoral est tunisien : chronologie IRSL, paléoenvironnements et régime tectonique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10132/document.
Full textAlong the coast of the Tunisian Sahel, the Pleistocene littoral deposits are organized into three distinct marine formations: Douira, Rejiche and Chebba defined by Paskoff and Sanlaville (1976) and later redefined by Mahmoudi (1988) in terms of lithostratigraphic units Douira, Khniss and Réjiche. However, the chronostratigraphy, the distribution and the relationship between tectonics and eustatism during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene remained so far problematic. The present thesis offers to establish regional chronostratigraphic subdivisions by means of IRSL luminescence dating. The IRSL ages of the Pleistocene littoral deposits (marine, lagoonal and eolian) from the eastern Cap Bon peninsula, the Sahel area and Southeastern Tunisia, are ranging between 335 ka and 66 ka. They are subdivided into six units correlative with MIS 9, MIS 7, MIS 6/5, MIS 5.5, MIS 5.3/5.1 and MIS 4. These IRSL ages demonstrate that the pre-tyrrhenian littoral deposits assigned to the Douira unit belong to two distinct marine interglacial high stands correlative of MIS 9 and MIS 7. The IRSL results of the Tyrrhenian littoral deposits from eastern Tunisia (Khniss and Rejiche units), so far assigned to MIS 5.5, are consistent with a longer chronology that extends from the MIS 6/5 transition to MIS 4. The detailed tectonic analysis of fault populations and joint sets data affecting these Middle and Upper Pleistocene littoral units (MIS 9 to MIS 4) enabled to specify the tectonic regime. It also helped to ascertain the different stress tensors. The latter were classified and compared with each other according to the chronostratigraphic data. The new lithostratigraphic, chronological, sedimentological and tectonic data obtained in this thesis are then replaced in the context of the western Mediterranean basin
Chaabouni, Amel. "Usage et contribution des systèmes de gestion intégrés de type ERP à la maîtrise de la décision : le cas de 2 PMI tunisiennes." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAML002.
Full textOn the basis of reports, whereby a same technology doesn't produce the same effects from one organization to another, and the complexity of the decision making to which leaders are often confronted, the use of management information systems et ERP type and their effects on the decision making process deserves attention. The present thesis aims to understand the nature of interactions between ERP and actors in order to appreciate the impact of it on the decision making process. Our research method is abductive. From a review of the literature, we got involved into an experience of immersion in two Tunisian industrial SMEs (Small/Medium Entreprise), one case of a success and the other a case of failure, regarding the implementation and the use of a same intergrated solution or ERP type. This research shows the relevance of the structuration theory in explaining the success and the failure of the use of the one above mentioned solution. The use of the structuration theory in the first case study permitted us to appreciate the value of an important phenomenon : knowledge management. It reveals that the knowledge theory reinforces the contribution of the structuration theory in the explanation of the success and the failure of the ERP integrated solution. Indeed, the results of our investigation based on case studies show that the entreprise endowed with expertise in knowledge management, succeeds in the use of the integrated solution in a social context characterized by the predominance of the significance and domination dimensions at the expense of recognition. Therefore, an adequate use of the integrated solution improves the decision making process, especially during the first stage, that is, the intelligence phase. This thesis is believed to shed light on the dynamics of technology use in the entreprise. While combining the contributions of the structuration theory and those of the knowledge theory, the present work ends up with the proposition of a new concept labelled « competency with knowledge management ». This concept translates the degree to which the entreprise is endowed with the expertise of managing knowledge which is related to technology implementation. Consequently, he more the entreprise is endowed with such a competency, the more the solution has chances to master the decision making process
Bibonne, Romain. "Sédimentologie et stratigraphie des séries clastiques du Trias inférieur à moyen du bassin de Ghadamès et de la Jeffara (Tunisie et Libye)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH020.
Full textDuring the opening of the Neotethys Ocean north of the Ghadames and Jeffara basin, an extensional phase created subsidence. It resulted in the deposition of the first syn-rift strata aged Middle to Upper Permian (El Watiah formation) and Lower to Middle Triassic (Bir el Jaja, Ouled Chebbi and Ras Hamia / Kirchaou formations). This study provides details of the stratigraphic and sequential architecture of triassic siliciclastic series and the upper clastic part of the El Watiah formation. 221 wells and 18 sedimentological field sections (outcrops from south Tunisia) have been correlated across the entire Ghadames basin and Jeffara. An organization in 11 sequences has been highlighted. 28 isochores and paleogeographic maps have been drawn. In terms of tectonostratigraphy, a major thickening of sequences has been confirmed toward the North of Jeffara, resulting from a very strong and differential subsidence. Low and subtle differential subsidence has been demonstrated in the southern part of the basin. In addition, a new sedimentological interpretation of the TAGI formation (lateral equivalent of the ladinian Ras Hamia formation) has been considered in the El Borma area
Mbarek, Marouene. "Evaluation économique des aires marines protégées : apports méthodologiques et applications aux îles Kuriat (Tunisie)." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0033/document.
Full textThe protection of marine natural resources is a major challenge for policy makers. The recent development of marine protected areas (MPAs) contributes to the preservation issues. MPAs are aimed to preserve the marine and coastal ecosystems while promoting human activities. The complexity of these objectives makes them difficult to reach. The purpose of this work is to conduct an ex-ante analysis of a proposed MPA to Kuriat Islands (Tunisia). This analysis is an aid to decision makers for better governance by integrating the actors involved (fisherman, visitor, boater) in the management process. To do this, we use the contingent valuation method (CVM) to samples of fishermen and visitors to the islands Kuriat. We are interested in the treatment of selection and sampling bias and uncertainty about specifying econometric models during the implementation of the CVM. We use the model HeckitBMA, which is a combination of the Heckman model (1979) and Bayesian inference, to calculate the willingness to accept of fishermen. We also use the model Zero inflated ordered probit (ZIOP), which is a combination of a binary probit with an ordered probit, to calculate the willingness to pay of visitors after correcting the sample by multiple imputation. Our results show that groups of actors are distinguished by their activity and economic conditions that cause them to have different perceptions. This allows policy makers to develop a policy of compensation to compensate the players who have been harmed
Karimi, Takanlou Zahra. "Le financement du déficit budgétaire (taxe d'inflation et seigneuriage) et effet d'éviction : une recherche empirique sur quatre pays de la région MENA (l'Iran, la Turqui, la Tunisie et le Maroc)." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0015.
Full textThis thesis firstly checks, from an empirical and theoretical point of view, the potential usefulness of recent research on budget deficit financing by using a sample of four MENA countries (Iran, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco); secondly, it develops an analysis of budget deficit financing in terms of a crowding out effect on the activity of the private sector of the economy. The analysis in terms of budget deficit financing by borrowing abroad, domestic borrowing and seignorage, taking account the specificity of the countries offer an operative framework to discuss the fiscal policy of these countries. The results of the chapter four, in terms of qualification of seignorage, show that seignorage is an important source for budget deficit financing in Iran and Turkey. Also, the analysis of the crowding out effects, confirm the existence of this phenomena in Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco. Furthermore, these countries having been confronted with a rapid augmentation of budget deficit in the period of 1970-2006, a fiscal consolidation over the medium term is necessary in order to alleviate their budgets deficits. Also, a prudent public financing and debt management is needed to support the fiscal adjustment in these countries
Ben, Tahar Moez. "Evaluation et mesure des contributions des chocs budgétaires dans les fluctuations économiques des pays en développement : cas de la Tunisie et de la région MENA." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0021.
Full textSince the 1970s, the use of discretionary fiscal policy for stabilization of economic activity is the subject of many controversies. The opponents of the Keynesian analysis presented several theoretical and practical justifications against the effectiveness of fiscal instrument: Crowding out Effect, Ricardian Equivalence, Rational Expectations, and most recently, the “Anti-Keynesian Effect”. This research proposes an original scientific approach which permits to identify and to explain the dynamic effects of discretionary fiscal impulses using theoretical model (DSGE model) and to quantify and predict the impact of fiscal shocks using econometric methodology (SVAR model). We address also the issue of procyclicality of fiscal policy in developing countries and their determinants
Mejri, Issam. "Internationalisation des PME technologiques issues des économies émergentes : une analyse basée sur les opportunités d’affaires." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0029/document.
Full textThe last two decades have been marked by the rise of emerging economies and the emergence of start-ups and Hi-Tech SMEs with high international growth. This trend has spawned a new area of research, international entrepreneurship in emerging economies. The purpose of this qualitative research is to study the factors that influence the process of identifying international opportunities in technological SMEs from an emerging economy, Tunisia. To this end, we are studying the process of internationalization of seven Tunisian technological SMEs in the information and communications technology sector. The results of the intra- and inter-case analysis identify entrepreneurial personality traits, international entrepreneurial capabilities and relational networks as the three main categories of factors that influence the identification of international opportunities. Our research results in the formulation and discussion of eight proposals that make it possible to schematize an explanatory model of the internationalization of technological SMEs emerging from emerging economies
Ben, Ayed Nadia. "Les pratiques de calcul des coûts dans les PME en Tunisie : de l'approche opérationnelle à l'approche stratégique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20002/document.
Full textThis thesis is interested in accounting practices within SMEs, factors that are able to influence the use of accounting practices, the most developed costs as well as the operational and strategic contribution of these practices within the SMEs while making a comparison with the characteristics of midsize companies. We resorted to the contingency theory to set up our research. We contacted eight companies through several face- to -face interviews, and seventy companies through questioning. We found out that the SMEs characteristics as regards accounting of costs are different. This difference can be explained by three factors: the organization’s size, the product's diversity, and the decentralized structure of the company. Equally, we found out that the operational utility of instruments of accounting costs is looked as the most mannered one by companies that do not use them. However, the perception of the strategic utility do not differ between users and non-users of new methods
Fois, Piero. "La Sardaigne et l'islam (VIIe-XIe siècles ap. J. C. )." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010685.
Full textEnnabli, Liliane. "Carthage : recherches epigraphiques et archeologiques sur une metropole chretienne entre le 4eme siecle et la fin du 7eme siecle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040261.
Full textGribaa, Fafani. "Les déterminants de l'intention environnementale des dirigeants des PME : Cas de l'industrie du textile-habillement tunisienne." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10007/document.
Full textIn front of the increasing environmental problems that threaten human life, the question of the involvement of all mankind in the protection of the environment is strongly emphasized. At the managerial level and in the recent years, academic researchers have emphasized the need to change perceptions, values, attitudes, intentions and behavior leading to an environmental organization.By placing our research in the field of psychology of sustainable development, the subject of this thesis is to develop a model explaining the history of environmental leadership for industrial SMEs. Thus, based on the theory of planned behavior and entrepreneurial orientation, we propose a conceptual model showing the impact of contextual (political, cultural and economic) and individual variables (personal characteristics) on the formation of the environmental intention of SMEs managers.The empirical approach is similar to a process of methodological triangulation. It consists in a qualitative exploratory study nearly twenty SME, followed by a second qualitative study almost ten experts in sustainable development and CSR. Finally, a quantitative study in nearly 226 leaders is used to validate the research model. The results are very interesting and original. They show that environmental intentions of leaders are not the result of pressure from stakeholders. By contrast, the intention is the result of perceptions of the availability of financial resources and support, the expected results of the desired behavior concerning the public and financial institutions as well as personal characteristics of the leader (his degree of innovation and risk-taking)
Rebaï, Samira. "Sismotectonique et champ de contrainte dans les chaînes alpines et dans les plates-formes de l'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord, et du Moyen-Orient." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20180.
Full textBen, Hamadi Zouhour. "Complexification des systèmes budgétaires et profils des dirigeants : cas des PME tunisiennes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001989.
Full textBEN, MANSOUR ABDERRAHMEN. "Les etats arabes et le droit de la mer." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT4005.
Full textIn parcipating in the restricted number at the works of the first and second conference on the law of the sea, the arab states could only attend passively to rejection of the classic law of the sea. This situation as evolued during the works of the third conference on the law of the sea. In fact the 21 arab states have this time participated actively to the elaboration of the new law, creating in a like manned united group under the gouvernance of the arab league. However this unity is trouved precarious as giver evidence the case concerning the tunisian libyan continental shelf. As for the convention adopted in 1982 in montego bay, it was signed by all the arab states. And as the arab unity was precarious and that era of disillusion has quickly began, the convention was only ratified by six states prouving chiefly the victory of the sea nationalisme even among the arab.
Ben, Ahmed Walid. "Asymétrie d'information et rationnement du crédit bancaire : le cas de la PME Tunisienne." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0349.
Full textDespite the encouragement to support the SMEs, the creation of these companies still bellow expectations, number of these disappears. The granting of credit is the essential constraint pressing on the development and the sustainability of these companies because the bankers provide credit only when they make sure that the customers are solvent and that they are capable of honoring their commitment. This discriminatory fisal policy banks is justified by the difficulty in assessing their risks and the lack of credibility of their information systems, since the information is insufficient and often unilateral, one of two parties has better information, he know more than the other. This phenomenon is alled asymmetric information and could cause moral hazard and adverse selection. However, the contract between the borrowers, on one hand, and creditors, on the other hand, the creditors ould be shifted by asymmetric information leading, at the most, rationing of credit, or in some cases, to high rate interest ; thus limiting the development of the relationship between banks and companies. Our research is based on a survey conducted among with 160 account managers of two Tunisian banks, Tunisian Banking company ("Société Tunisienne de Banque", STB) and the Arab International Bank of Tunisia ("Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie", BIAT) to study their behavior in the decision of allocation credit to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The results, achieved through Structural Equations Analysis, show differences between private versus public banks in regard
Bourguiba, Malek. "De l'intention à l'action entrepreneuriale : approche comparative auprès de TPE françaises et tunisiennes." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN22003/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to study a cultural contingency of the entrepreneurial intention-action. It uses empirical research which permits, through a triangulation method, to explore the role of national culture in these notions. A theoretical analysis of main concepts on entrepreneurship and national culture enables to suggest an adapted conceptual framework for studying cultural contingency on entrepreneurial intention. In fact, this framework proposes an approach that permits to integrate different analysis levels of national culture and their effects on the entrepreneurial intention formation. The thesis presents its problematic and methodological project, through interviews and questionnaires applied in 35 case studies of small business creators, coming from "Lorraine" region (France) and "Grand Tunis" region (Tunisia). The data treatment (quantitative and qualitative analysis) brings to adopt the cultural contingency of perceived desirability and feasibility to start a business. The research suggests that intention of business creation can't be considered as universal. On the other hand it can be surrounded according to specific cultural characteristics, particularly, cultural values and beliefs, relational context, motivations, entrepreneurs' roles models, etc. It defends also the imbrication's entrepreneurial and national cultures
Kossaï, Mohamed. "Les Technologies de L’Information et des Communications (TIC), le capital humain, les changements organisationnels et la performance des PME manufacturières." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090035/document.
Full textICT is a key performance factor in developed countries. This PhD thesis focuses on the adoption of ICTs and their impact on the performance of manufacturing SMEs in a developing country. Following a first part covering the theoretical and conceptual framework, the rest of the thesis is organized in three empirical studies. The first study uses a Probit model in order to identify the determinants of ICT adoption. Human capital seems to be the most significant explanatory variable. Based on linear regression of dummy variables, Granger causality, Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA test of Welch, followed by corresponding post-hoc tests, the second study highlights the existence of a strong statistically significant relationship between the level of ICT adoption and profitability. In a third study, many Probit models (simple, ordered and multivariate) were tested on different measures of performance. Firstly, we show that ICT have a positive impact on productivity, profitability and competitiveness of SMEs. Secondly, ICT, human capital and training are determinants of firm overall performance. Thirdly, when combined together, ICT and highly skilled human resources have an important contribution to the global performance. In conclusion, our empirical results demonstrate a positive impact of ICT, human capital and organizational change on firm performance
Berrajah, Mohamed Amine. "Les facteurs d'adoption du commerce électronique au sein des PME en Tunisie." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1686/1/M10463.pdf.
Full textLatreille, Martin. "Rmāyniyya : féminisation de l'agriculture et condition féminine dans le Nord-Ouest tunisien." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16914.
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